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KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN GLOBAL

Kerusakan di Bumi

Bencana yang sering terjadi di belahan dunia ini seperti tsunami, angin puting beliung, semakin panasnya suhu bumi (global warming), terjadinya banjir , banjir pasang/ kenaikan pasang air laut/rob,longsor berjangkitnya berbagai wabah penyakit dan sebagainya

Allah telah “murka” karena ulah manusia sehingga perlu memberikan adzab yang pedih kepada manusia.

Benarkah demikian ?.

Apakah Allah SWT sudah tidak Rahman dan Rahim lagi ??

Ar Rum ayat 41:

“ Telah nampak kerusakan di darat dan di laut disebabkan karena ulah manusia ..“

Jenis Kerusakan• Penipisan Lapisan Ozon

– (ozon depleting substances)

• Pemanasan/Perubahan Iklim Global

– (green house gas)

• Toksifikasi Global

– (hazardous substances, air/water/soil

pollution)

Produksi Ozon dan Lapisan Pelindung

PENIPISAN LAPISAN OZON

ftp://jwocky.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/eptoms/images/qcplots/zmqchl_v8.png

Konvensi, Protokol ttg Ozon

Pemanasan/Perubahan

Iklim Global

PELAJARAN HIDUP 1

persahabatanklik

• Kenaikan suhu Bumi

• Penyebab dominan gas CO2

The Greenhouse EffectWithout With

Simulasi Analogi Efek Rumah kaca

Kontribusi GRK Terhadap

Pemanasan Global

Gas ______%__

Carbon dioxide 57

Chlorofluorocarbons 25

Methane 12

Nitrous oxides 6

Kontribusi Aktivitas Manusia

Activity Percent contribution

Energy use 49

Industrial 24

Deforestrasi 14

Pertanian 13

Effects of global warming

• More carbon dioxide increase in plant growth.

• The increase in temperature rise in sea level from melting glaciers and polar ice caps (adds 0.2 mm annually)

• Rising temperatures will also cause drier conditions in many important agricultural regions.

GLOBAL WARMING : Sea Life

Coral Reef Bleaching

Change in temperature and elevated sea level cause loss of algae in

the coral.

Coral appears white, or “bleached.”

Result is mass death of sea animals, which are dependent on the

coral reef.

The penguin population near Antarctica has been declining as the

distance between them and their food has increased.

Rising Sea levels• The rise of

temperature, even to a few degrees, could lead to the melting of ice shelves that hold back glaciers. This results in rising sea levels

• The Larsen area of North Antarctic, South of Chili and Argentina have lost more than 5,200 sq miles of area.

The Effects of Global

Warming on Land animals• Global warming can disrupt the

migration, hibernation and reproductive cycles of certain types of animals.

• Plants and animals will find it hard to escape or adjust to the effects of warming because humans occupy so much land.

• Farmland or cities interrupt the movement of species between habitats.

Health & Global Warming

- Extreme temperatures can directly cause the loss of life (ex: 35,000 people died during heat wave in Europe, Aug‘03.)

- Warmer weather provides an ideal breeding environment for mosquitoes. Diseases such as West Nile will be more common..

Health & Global

Warming (cont.)High temperature can increase pollution of water and air, which harms the human body.

.

Tropical Diseases– Global Warming

increases drought which lessens the supply of clean drinking water.

• Cholera

– It increases temperature providing an ideal breeding environment for mosquitoes.

• Dengue fever

• Malaria

• Yellow fever

El Niño Effect

• Severe oceanic/atmospheric disturbance,

every 7-14 yrs (“the child”)

• Warm surface waters suppress cold, nutrient-rich upwelling

of the Humboldt Current

• Fall in the number of plankton

– Wreaks havoc upon the entire ocean food chain

– Devastates the fishing industry

Nilai Energi Faktor Konversi Kg CO2

.. kWh listrik x 0,43 …..

.. liter LPG x 1,50 …..

.. ton batu bara x 2,457 …..

.. liter bensin x 2,32 .....

.. liter solar x 2,63 …..

.. liter MFO x 3,223 …..

FAKTOR KONVERSI BAHAN BAKAR KE CO2

Simple Carbon Calculator

Ordinary

Bulbs CFLs

40W 7 - 10W

60W 15 -18W

100W 20 - 25W

150W 32W

EFISIENSI ENERGI

Toksifikasi Global

• Terdistribusinya bahan kimia berbahaya dan beracun di masyarakat tanpa mengetahui tingkat bahaya dan toksisitasnya

• Tesebarnya bahan kimia berbahaya hasil pembakaran, proses baik ke udara maupun ke perairan

• Penggunaan bahan kimia tidak ramah lingkungan (tanah)

Composition of the Atmosphere

Gas Formula Percent by volume

Nitrogen N2 78.08

Oxygen O2 20.94

Argon Ar 0.934

Carbon dioxide CO2 0.033

Neon Ne 0.00182

Helium He 0.00052

Methane CH4 0.00015

Krypton Kr 0.00011

Hydrogen H2 0.00005

Nitrous oxide N2O 0.00005

Xenon Xe 0.000009

Note: average for dry, clean air

Air Pollutants Carbon monoxide (CO)

colorless, odorless, non-irritating poison

attaches to hemoglobin; reduces oxygen carrying

capacity

results in headaches, drowsiness and asphyxiation

Hydrocarbons (HC)denotes a large group of volatile organic

compounds

some are carcinogens, poison etc.

Air Pollutants (cont.)

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)colorless corrosive gas

respiratory irritant and poison

can result in H2SO4

Particulates Matter (PM)small pieces of solid or liquid materials dispersed

in the atmosphere

0.005-100 µm

reduction in visibility, respiratory problems

Air Pollutants (cont.) Nitrogen Oxides (NO2)

critical component for smog formation

compounds acid precipitation problems

Photochemical Oxidantsproducts of secondary atmospheric reactions

driven by solar energy

e.g., O3, PAN, acrolein

strong oxidants, eye irritant etc.

H3C C O O

O

Na

Peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN)

H2C CH CH

O

Acrolein

Air Pollutants (cont.) Lead (Pb)

released as metal fumes or suspended particles

major source was leaded gasoline

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)generally considered non-toxic and innocuous

not listed as air pollutant

increasing concentrations have been related to

global warming

Air Pollutants (cont.)Classification

PM10 CO

SOX Hydro Carbons

Lead Ozone

NOX

Criteria Pollutants

Hazardous Air Pollutants

pose a variety of health effects

e.g. irritation, asphyxia etc.

Toxic Air Pollutants

focuses on physiological response

e.g. toxicity

Non-Criteria Pollutants

Air Pollutants