kahanahiki plants & animals
Post on 03-Feb-2022
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Kahanahāiki
Plants & Animals
Hilo Grass (Paspalum conjugatum)
-INVASIVE
creeping along soil surface
-hairy ligules
-stems can be purplish
Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides var. agrimonioides)
-Bufflegrass
-close to stability goals
-seeds burr-like
-thought to have been dispursed by flightless geese
Mu (Rhynchogonus welchi)
-endemic to O`ahu
-lives only in small area of Wai`anaes
-Associated with Sapindus trees (Aulu)
-elytra look like sunflower seeds!
Kamehameha Butterfly (Vanessa tameamea)
-one of Hawai`i’s 2 native butterflies (other is
Koa butterfly)
-larvae feed on Mamaki & other nettles
-adults feed on sap fluxes of Koa trees
Dictyophorodelphax mirabilis; D. swezeyi
-Delphacid plant-hopper
-endemic to O`ahu
-long head may serve to store toxins to discourage predators
-or long head may be adaptation to process toxic sap
-branch of the gut extends into the head
-Insects make sounds inaudible to humans
-These “songs” transmitted through substrate (instead of air)
-scientists use distinct “songs” to differentiate between species
Kopiko (Psychotria mariana)
-Rubiaceae
-Alakea looks like it, but no pikos, and light green new
leaves
-used to make anvils for beating kapa, and for fuel
Ala`a (Pouteria sandwicensis)
-Sapotaceae
-milky sap
-yellow midrib
-new leaves felted, brown?
-old leaves smooth, shiny
-fruit round
Maua (Xylosma hawaiiense)
-Flacortiaceae
-serrated leaf margins
-leaves alternate
-red new leaves
-otherwise looks like Hame
Hame (Antidesma platyphyllum)
-Euphorbiaceae
-looks like Maua, but no red new
leaves and smooth leaf margins
Kolea (Myrsine lessertiana)
-Myrsinaceae
-pink new leaves
-Achatinella snails like this tree!
Olopua (Nestegis sandwicensis)
-Oleaceae
-leaves opposite
-more slender leaves than Hame or Maua
-Petiole yellow or sometimes reddish
-Achatinella snails love this tree!
Mamaki (Pipturus
albidus)
-Urticaceae
-O`ahu endemic
-Kamehameha
butterfly caterpillars
found in rolled up
leaves
-leaves alternate
-fruit resembles head
of Kam caterpillar
-can make tea from
leaves
Awikiwiki (Canavalia galiata)
-Fabaceae
-native vine
-endemic to O`ahu
`Iliahi (Santalum freycinetianum)
-Santalaceae
-Sandalwood
-leaves leathery, “droopy”, curled
edges
-pink petioles (common?)
-O`ahu endemic
Kupu fern (Nephrolepis)
-sword fern
-kupu = “to sprout”
Kamapua`a fern
(Sadleria
squarrosa?)
-pink new fronds
-sori parallel to
mid-vein, in rows,
dashed.
Pala
Marattia douglasii
-native mule’s foot
fern
-resembles hapu`u
-only found in 3
spots on O`ahu
Iwaiwa lau nui
Tectaria
gaudichaudii
-new leaves smell
sweet
Carex wahuensis
-Cyperaceae
-thicker blades than
C. meyenii
Carex meyenii
-Cyperaceae
-thinner blades than
C. wahuensis
Haha
Cyanea superba
-Campanulaceae
-endangered
-only 4 “founders”
for all outplantings
-less than 100
mature plants left
Scheidea obovata
-Caryophyllaceae
-endangered
-only 240 remaining
mature plants (in
Kahanahaiki and
Makaleha)
Ha`iwale
Cyrtandra dentata
-Gesnariaceae
-approx. 700 plants
Pāpala
Charpentiera
tomentosa
-Amaranthaceae
-papery fruits
`Ie `ie
Freycinetia arborea
-Pandanaceae
-vining
-damselfly lives in
leaf axils of only
this plant
-sacred to Hawaiian
forest god, Ku
-fibers from aerial
roots used as
binding for
outrigger canoes,
fish trap baskets,
sandals
-famine food (fruits)
Schiedea nuttallii
-Caryophyllaceae
-tiny flowers
`A`ali`i
Dodonaea viscosa
-Sapindaceae
-leaves often
wrinkled
-Sacred plant of
hula goddess Laka
-Wood used for
tools, weapons
-capsules used for
dye
-medicinal (soothes
itches, rashes)
-used in lei making
`Akoko
Chamaesyce
multiformis
-Euphorbiaceae
-milky sap
-3-angled fruiting
capsules
-used for canoe hull
stain & firewood
Alahe`e
Psydrax odorata
-Rubiaceae
-white, fragrant
flowers (“ala” =
fragrance?)
-used for digging
sticks, adze blades,
black dye (leaves)
Aulu
Sapindus oahuensis
-Sapindaceae
-Rhynchogonus like
these trees
-young branches
covered with wooly
hairs
-used for house
construction,
spears, medicinal-
laxative (seeds),
soap substitute
(fruit), lei (seeds)
Kauila
Alphitonia
ponderosa
-Rhamnaceae
-very hard wood
used for weapons
-wood red/black
streaked
Kaulu
Pteralyxia
macrocarpa
-Apocynaceae
-leaves often brittle
-broad, margins
rolled or flat
-leaves resemble
plumaria
Ko`oko`olau
Bidens spp.
-Asteraceae
-medicinal tea for
general sickness,
appetite stimulant
(stems, leaves,
flowers)
Lama
Diospyros spp.
-Ebenaceae
-Black bark
-”Hawaiian Ebony”
-medicinal
-used for hula
alters, and to fence
sacred areas
-name suggests
enlightenment
Maile
Alyxia oliviformis
-Apocynaceae
-used in lei,
dedicated to hula
goddess Laka (one
of the 5 sacred
plants in her altar)
Manono
Hedyotis terminalis
-Rubiaceae
Naupaka kuahiwi
Scaevola
gaudichaudiana
-mountain naupaka
-Goodeniaceae
`Ohe
Reynoldsia
sandwicensis
-Araliaceae (ginseng
family)
`Ohe mauka
Tetraplasandra
oahuensis
-Araliaceae
Pala`a
Sphenomeris
chinensis
-sori close to edge
with covering only
at the top
Palapalai
Microlepia strigosa
-sori only at tip of
veinlets of last
segments of fronds
Papala kepau
Pisonia spp.
-Nyctaginaceae (4-
o’clock family)
-used to catch birds
Pukiawe
Styphelia
tameiameiae
-Epacridaceae
-smoke used for
cleansing
-red and brown dye
from bark
-wood used in
cremation of
outlaws
-leaves & berries
used in lei
`Uki `uki
Dianella
sandwicensis
-Liliaceae
-berries used for
dye
-leaves used for
house thatching
`Ulei
Osteomeles
anthyllidifolia
-Rosaceae
Tornatellinid
snails
-very tiny, can find
on Papala leaves
Army Snail Jail
•Built 1998
•Kevin Hall (UH) researching area surrounding
enclosure… est. ~250 tagged snails
•Designed after Tahitian version (used for reintros
of extirpated snails)
•Solar panels charge electric wires for Euglandina
control
•Overhang for rat control
•Salt on carpet for Euglandina control
•Currently ~70 snails inside enclosure
(…Pahole fence build in 1997.)
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