jörn sieglerschmidt: german digital libary | 6th information policy forum tallinn, sept. 16th,...
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Jörn Sieglerschmidt: German digital libary | 6th Information Policy Forum Tallinn, Sept. 16th, 201021.04.23
The German digital library project
Jörn SieglerschmidtFraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems
Bibliotheksservice-Zentrum (Library Service Centre) Baden-Württemberg
6th Information Policy Forum How Many Gates Are Enough? Cultural Portals in Estonia
National Library of EstlandTallinn, September 16th, 2010
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German Digital Library: aims and adressees
• enhancement of the access to digitized content
• books, threedimensional objects, manuscripts, images, audios, audiovisual objects, videos
• national aggregator of Europeana
• services for those, who will deliver data (extranet)
• platform of information enhancement and exchange
• services for collaborative and individual work of users on the data (internet)
• participants: archives, libraries, museums, monument preservation, archæological sites, sciences, humanities: all digitized content of German cultural and scholarly institutions
• addressees: scholars, teachers, pupils, media, the culturally interested general public
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board of governors (9 members for four years: 4 representa-tives of each the Fe-
deration and the Länder, 1 represen-tative of the munici-
palities
Federal Government
Federal States
Municipalities
Executive board: 1-3 persons
accounts yearly
accounts yearly
nominate
Network of competence: initially 13 members
-------------------------------------------General meeting of the network of competence
elects
nominate
takes part in meetings of
office (SPK)
proposes a new member (2/3
majority)
approves the proposal of a new member
Basis: 30000 cultural heritage institutions
nominate
Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek: political and organizational structure
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network of competence
Foundation of historical museums Hamburg
State, Regional, and University Library of Saxony Dresden
State and University Library of Lower Saxony Göttingen
Bavarian State Library Munich
German National Library Frankfurt/ Leipzig/ Berlin
State Archives Baden-Württemberg Stuttgart
German Film Institute Frankfurt
State Office of Bran-denburg for Preser-vation of Monuments
Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Berlin
Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation Berlin
Federal Archive of Germany Koblenz/Berlin
Library Service Centre Baden-Würt-temberg Konstanz
Digital archive of art and culture Düs-seldorf
Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek: network of competence
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Current state of the project
• forming of political and professional bodies
• constructing the technical infrastructure (hardware options: speed of data processing, storage)
• choosing the technical tools and repository structure (software options: open source vs. commercial)
• choosing the professional tools (standards and authority files)
• development of ideas and decision regarding the user interface
• communication and web design
• proposals regarding IPR issues and licensing of data (open access vs. commercial use)
• GDL data provider agreement
• building up the services of the extranet (provider information, tools for the ingest of data)
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domains:(film/ image) archive,
museum, library, monument preservation
consolidation
semanticanalysis,
entity recognition
Data pro-cessing re-lated to use cases (who, where,… )
Full textindex
user interfaceAPI
connectingexternalsystems
presentation
analysis
consolidation web API
web API
fire
wal
l
Sec
uri
ty a
rea
fire
wal
l
web API
functional and security areas
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German Digital Library (Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek)
<http://www.ddb.de><http://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de>
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German Digital Library (Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek)
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One example: Europeana (Eurpean Digital Library)
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Europeana
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Europeana
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üpoadfgölkjuzwrem xycvoi wrm,n<cxyoiw eremnb<ycgwer,mnbfvbdölkaejhgfqertzhlj
phrase match in a character string
üpoadfg§ölkjuzwrem xycvoi &wrm,n<cxyoiw ermnb<ycgwer,§mnbfvbdölk &aejhgfqer
simple tags: §, &
üpoadf§RoleActorölkjuzw&wrm,n<cxyoiw eremnb<ycgwer,§NameActormnbfvbdölk&
<museumdat:RoleActorölkjuzw/museumdat:RoleActor>rem xycvoiwrm,ncxyoiw gwer, <museumdat:NameActormnbfvbdölk/museumdat:NameActor>aejhgfqertzhlj
complex tags with initial and final tag
XML tags
Metadata and ontologies: tagging a file
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Dublin Core Metadata Element Set: ISO 15836
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Dublin Core Metadata Element Set
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Comité International pour la documentation (CIDOC): CRM
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• Comité International pour la documentation (CIDOC)/ Conseil international des Musées/ International Council of Museums (ICOM)
• ISO 21127: 84 classs (entities), 141 relations (properties)
• domain specific, expandable ontology (cultural heritage)
• Knowledge organization by:
• integration of knowledge structures in ch institutions (libraries, archives, museums, monument preservation etc.)
• exchange of information
• combination of data from different strands and domains of knowledge by using national and international standards
• precise and flexible mapping of complex data structures, in order to cover scholarly information needs
Conceptual Reference Model
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Entity Primitive Value
Number
Time Primitive
String
Temporal Entity Persistent ItemTime Span Place Dimension
Condition State Period
Event
Activity
Begin Existence
End Existence
StuffActor AppellationContact Point
Legal Object Man Made Stuff
Physical Stuff
Information Object
Physical Man Made Stuff
Conceptual Object
Physical Object
Physical Man Made Stuff
Physical Feature
Design/Procedure
Linguistic Object
Document
Visual Item Mark
Image
Conceptual Reference Model: classes
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Relations (properties):
• is identified by (identifies)
• has type (is type of)
• has time-span (is time-span of)
• took place on or within (witnessed)
• consists of (forms part of)
• occurred in the presence of (was present at)
• was influenced by (influenced)
• was intended use of (was made for)
• had specific purpose (was pupose of)
• transferred title of (changed ownership through)
• has dimension (is dimension of)
• refers to (is referred to by)
• is composed of (forms part of)
Conceptual Reference Model: relations (properties)
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museumdat.org
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• Different databases with a variety of data structures
• Harvesting of data by a machine, i. e. automatically
• Data exchange in case of e. g. a loan
• Use of the data for different internet platforms
• Enlargement, adaptation, maintanence of the format• New working group of CIDOC concerned with the format: Data harvesting and interchange• Expectation that museumdat will become an internationally acknowledged und distributed format
Why museumdat?
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museumdat data delivery: net of contributors to portals
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• Lightweight Information Describing Objects
• Catogeries for the Description of Works of Art (CDWA Lite): J. P. Getty Trust
• Spectrum (The UK Museum Standard): MDA, MLA (Museums, Libraries and
Archives Council)
• museumdat (Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation, Foto Archive Marburg)
museumdat → LIDO
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• metadata (METS, MODS, DC, TEI, EAD, LIDO, IPTC, CIDOC CRM, EDM …)
• audio files (mp3, wav, …)
• video files (mpeg, …)
• text files (pdf, txt, doc, …)
• image files (jpg, tif, bmp, …)
• internal structure of data (chapter, pages, sequences, parts of books, films, audios,
objects, …)
Formats and structures of different media
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persons
places
times
things
multilinguality
subject headings of national libraries
unique reference to an individual concept
reference tosynonyms, polysems, homonyms
reference tobroader, narrower,similar concepts
1. Reliability of automatic indexing
2. Reliability of controlled vocabulary
Automatic indexing vs. controlled vocabulary
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Thesaurus: RAMEAU
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Thesaurus: Library of Congress Subject authority headings
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Thesaurus: Library of Congress Subject authority headings
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LC Subject Headings: Concept Details and Visualization
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Thesaurus: Subject headings LC
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Subject headings of the German National Library
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OPAC of the Southwestern Union Catalogue
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Descriptor and Wikipedia entry
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J. Paul Getty Trust: Research Institute, Vocabulary Program
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Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN)
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Arts and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)
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Union List of Artist Names (ULAN)
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Iconclass: iconographic classification
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Iconclass.org
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Iconclass.nl: browser
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Iconclass: Abstract, non-representational art
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Iconclass: Meteorological phenomena, rain
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Iconclass: Query for rain
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Intelligent Browsing
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Explicit knowledge: algorithmic knowledge, that could be reproduced with regard to explicit rules and without regard to social contexts (benennbares, eindeutig kommunizierbares und nach angebbaren Regeln abrufbares Wissen).
Implicit knowledge: knowledge how to act, to behave (Handlungswissen); physical knowledge (Körperwissen); heuristic knowledge (standard operating procedures); intuitive knowledge (experience, emotions).
Pictorial (metaphorical) knowledge: images and histories making sense; perception knowledge (Anschauungswissen); memory knowledge (Erinnerungswissen); abstraction knowledge (Abstraktionswissen).
Pöppel, Ernst: Wissen – und wie es kommuniziert werden kann. [Knowledge ‒ and how it is communicated] In: Ball, Rafael (Hg.): Wissenschaftskommunikation der Zukunft. (Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich, Reihe Bibliothek 18) 2007, 11-21. [http://hdl.handle.net/2128/2893]
Types of knowledge following Ernst Pöppel
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Frans Francken (1581 – 1642), Cabinet of Curiosities 1625, Art History Museum Vienna
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Andrea Domenico Remps (ca.1620–ca. 1699), Cabinet of Curiosity 1690, Opificio delle Pietre Dure, Firenze
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Qui scit ubi scientia habenti est proximus.
Who knows, where the knowledge is, is closest to the knowing.
(Otlet, Paul: Traité de documentation. Bruxelles: Mundaneum 1934, p. 2)
Paul Otlet ( 1868-1944), founder of the systematic bibliology
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Paul Otlet ( 1868-1944), founder of the systematic bibliology: the cataloguing room in the Palais Mondial 1903
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“The desk is no more loaded with any book. Instead of that there are a screen
and a telephone within reach. Remote at a different place there are the books
and the information in a huge building … From there the page to be read will
appear on the screen, in order to get an answer to a question put by
telephone without and with a wired connection. The number of screens will be
doubled, quadrupled or increased tenfold, if it is welcome to display many
texts and documents simultanously (at once). There would be a loudspeaker,
if the visible must be supplemented by the audible, the seeing by the
listening. Today utopia, because such things nowhere exist, but it might
become reality, if methods and tools are enhanced, still. And such an
enhancement could reach a state that the documents are delivered
automatically on the screen and the sequence of following documents
automatically either …” Paul Otlet, Traité de documentation, 1934, p. 428
Paul Otlet ( 1868-1944), founder of the systematic bibliology or: the Otlet galaxy in 1934
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Thank you very much for your patient attention.
Jörn Sieglerschmidt
Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems
joern.sieglerschmidt@uni-konstanz.de
<www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/> <www.ddb.de>
Bibliotheksservice-Zentrum (Library Service Centre) Baden-Württemberg
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competitiveness
competence uniqueness+
action right action +
skill will +
knowledge application+
information context+
meaning+
sign syntax+
operat
ive
info
rmat
ion a
nd
knowle
dge m
anag
emen
t
data
stra
tegic
knowle
dge m
anag
emen
t
Staircase of knowledge (Klaus North, Wissensorientierte Unternehmensführung, 2002)
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What‘s new in Web 2.0?
semantic network(ing)
participation
New users.
New approach of using?
Different forms
of perception!
Great expectations: Web 2.0
applications& services
technologies &programming languages
software &systems
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Cooperative and collaborative production of knowledge, sharing of knowledge (virtual individualism vs. virtual collectivism)
Community building and networking
Semantic network(ing)
Blogs
Networks (facebook, flickr, twitter, …)
Semantic maps
Ontologies
Problems:Lacking authenticity, genuineness, sinceritypermanent public
Social tagging
Folksonomies
Wikis
Aims and problems
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The kind of documentation is dependent on its purposes. Documentation is not an end in itself.
Questions of documentation should never be of an ideological, but of a pragmatic kind.
Documentation should serve only (and exactly only) one aim: the enhancement of the retrieval of knowledge relevant to our daily work.
Three general remarks about documentation
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Ontologies, Metadata schemas, other (tagged) formats
Syntax / Grammar
Semantics
Pragmatics
Vocabulary: thesauri, classifications, word nets
Data: databases, files
Semiosis Interpretant
Overview and purposes of ordering devices
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• Documentation languages:
A documentation language is a set of terms which are used for the description of documents following prescribed rules in order to store and retrieve documents.
• ThesaurusA thesaurus is a set of controlled terms regarding synonymy,
homonymy, and polysemy. In each term set a preferred term must be defined. Terms are related by subordination (narower term), superordination (broader term) and similarity (related term). The relationsships could be expressed by a polyhierarchy or a monohierarchy.• Classification
A classification is a system of abstract, hierarchically ordered classes of concepts, types or categories. Each class is labelled by a notation, a
unique identifier normally used for shelving.
Documentation languages
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clothing
function part of body age gender
swimming
sleeping
protection
professional
leisure
head
feet
children men
poly- vs. monohierarchy
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Europeana Data Model: Classes
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Europeana Data Model: Properties
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M
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Lotman, Jurij M.: Inside the worlds of thinkingMan, Text, Semiosphere, History
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Lotman, Jurij M.: Culture and explosion, Inside the worlds of thinking
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M
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