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Territory and environmentPopulationHealthCultureEducationLabourWelfareJusticeLiving conditionsEconomyPricesForeign tradeIndustry and servicesAgricultureTourism
ITALYIN FIGURES2016
www.istat.it/en
Italian National Instituteof Statistics
Italian National Instituteof Statistics
Italian National Instituteof Statistics
Divided into 15 thematic sections, the 2016 edition of Italy in figures presents the main economic, demographic, social and environmental aspects of our country. In-depth sections and glossaries allow even the general public to make a better use of the information provided.
This booklet is distributed to institutions and international organizations, media and opinion leaders. Free copies are available upon request at the Communication Directorate of Istat.
The online version of Italy in figures is also accessible from the website homepage www.istat.it/en, where it can be downloaded in its full version or browsed per individual thematic sections.
ITALYIN FIGURES 2016
Territory and environment
Italian National Institute of Statistics44
5Italy in figures 2016
TER
RIT
OR
Y A
ND
ENV
IRO
NM
ENT
173
419
290 198
163
105
164
342
428 209
57
130
196
69
123
70
155
267
70
87
39
UP TO 100
FROM 201 TO 300
FROM 101 TO 200
OVER 300
RESIDENT POPULATION DENSITY ON 1 JANUARY 2016Inhabitants per km2
ITALIAN AVERAGE:
201
TERRITORIAL AREA BY ALTITUDE AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREA On 1 January 2016, in km2
55,398 35,221
22,970
North
MOUNTAIN
HILL
PLAIN
Centre South and the Islands
65,790
41,887
15,657
37,067
5,362 22,721
NORTH: Piemonte, Valle d’Aosta, Liguria, Lombardia, Trentino-Alto Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna. CENTRE: Toscana, Lazio, Umbria, Marche. SOUTH AND THE ISLANDS: Abruzzo, Molise, Campania, Basilicata, Puglia, Calabria, Sicilia, Sardegna.
g l o s s a r y
6 Italian National Institute of Statistics
ITALY’S NUMBERS Main territorial and demographic data
Latitude North
Latitude South
Longitude West
Longitude East
Maximum span (km)
Territorial area (km2)
Total area of wood (km2)
Total length of coastline (km)
High seismic risk area (km2)
Protected areas (km2)
Highest mountain - Monte Bianco (m)
Longest river - Po (km)
47° 06’
35° 30’
6° 37’
18° 31’
1,200
302,073
111,110
8,962
26,955
60,166
4,810
652
ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS IN REGIONAL CAPITALS Year 2014
Municipalities
PARKS AND GARDENS CARS WATER AIR
% of municipal
area
m2 per inhabitants
Per 1,000 inhabitants
Litres consumed (domestic use)
per day per inhabitant
Masimum number of days exceeding the PM10 limit values
Torino 15.0 21.7 615.5 197.7 94
Aosta 2.5 15.4 2,302.6 * 158.5 14
Genova 1.5 6.2 457.6 160.2 22
Milano 12.6 17.2 515.8 206.1 68
Bolzano - Bozen 4.5 22.1 1,538.8 * 152.9 —
Trento 29.8 401.5 1,539.3 * 151.9 8
Venezia 2.4 37.8 416.1 164.5 66
Trieste 7.9 32.6 515.6 156.0 18
Bologna 8.1 29.5 511.0 151.2 23
Firenze 7.9 21.4 510.3 132.6 19
Perugia 2.2 60.2 699.1 136.1 21
Ancona 1.9 22.9 594.5 147.7 10
Roma 3.5 15.9 619.5 183.8 43
L’Aquila 0.1 7.2 754.3 144.8 10
Campobasso 1.5 17.3 688.1 150.1 5
Napoli 9.4 11.3 538.2 153.3 40
Bari 2.1 7.8 538.4 139.7 28
Potenza 14.2 370.9 722.4 137.4 11
Catanzaro 3.8 47.0 633.4 238.1 15
Palermo 4.4 10.5 561.6 141.0 64
Cagliari 9.6 52.7 653.0 168.0 65
* data not comparable to other municipalities due to lower taxation for new car registration (since 2012 for Bolzano and Trento)
Railway network (km)
Road network (km)
Regions
Provinces
Metropolitan cities
Municipalities
Resident population on 1 January 2016
Foreign resident population
Number of households
Households’ average members
Population density (inhab./km2)
16,726
182,400
20
101
9
8,003
60,665,551
5,026,153
25,853,547
2.3
201
7Italy in figures 2016
North 5,970.9 7,812.7 13,783.7 56.7 496
Centre 3,910.8 2,698.0 6,608.8 40.8 547
South and the Islands 6,367.0 2,895.8 9,262.8 31.3 443
ITALY 16,248.7 13,406.5 29,655.3 45.2 488
Geographical area Mixed collection Separate collection Total % separate collection kg/inhabitant
METROPOLITAN CITIES: local bodies provided for by Article 114 of the Constitution and regulated by Law No 56 of 7 April 2014. Nine metropolitan areas entered into force on 1 January 2015 (Torino, Genova, Milano, Venezia, Bologna, Firenze, Roma, Napoli and Bari).MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DAYS EXCEEDING THE PM10 LIMIT VALUES: limit set to protect human health and recorded by fixed air quality monitoring stations.MUNICIPAL WASTE: include household waste (including bulky ones), non-hazardous waste similar to municipal wast in type and quantity, waste from street cleaning, vegetable waste from parks and gardens, waste from cemeterial activities.SEPARATE WASTE COLLECTION: consists in municipal waste (including wet organic waste) being segregated by waste type for reuse, recycling and reclamation of materials. It regards paper, glass, plastic, organic waste, metals, bulky recyclable waste, textile and others. Wet organic waste is collected separately by means of either reusable collection containers or certified biodegradable sacks.
g l o s s a r y
LOCAL PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK IN PROVINCIAL CAPITALS BY MAIN TYPE Years 2011 and 2014, absolute values in kilometers
North 7,964 259 72 8,058 270 100
Centre 6,352 46 37 6,414 61 52
South and the Islands 6,976 25 21 7,015 27 25
ITALY 21,292 330 130 21,487 358 177
Geographical area
Busand trolleybus
Busand trolleybus*
2011 2014
Tram Tram Underground Underground
MUNICIPAL WASTE COLLECTION BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA Year 2014, thousands of tons
SEPARATE WASTE COLLECTION Years 2004 and 2014, thousands of tons
2,153.81,056.4
353.1 991.22,216.0
5,720.8
1,287.7 1,829.21,711.33,154.0
Paper Glass Plastic Organic waste Other
2004 2014
* data refer to 2013
TER
RIT
OR
Y A
ND
ENV
IRO
NM
ENT
Italian National Institute of Statistics8
Population
9Italy in figures 2016
POPU
LAT
ION
RESIDENT POPULATION AND POPULATION CHANGE BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREAPopulation on 1 January 2016 and changes in year 2015
RESIDENT POPULATION PROJECTIONS*Years 2020-2065, on 1 January, in thousands
2020 2035 20502025 2040 20552030 2045 2060 2065
62,497
63,081
63,483
63,75063,889 63,846
63,546
62,964
62,169
61,305
* calculated with reference to population at 1 January 2011, without taking into account the Census results and subsequent reconstruction
RESIDENT POPULATION: Italian and foreign citizens having their usual residence in a municipality, even if they were absent on the considered day because they were abroad or in another municipality.NATURAL INCREASE: difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths among the resident population occurred both in Italy and abroad.NET MIGRATION: difference between the number of new registrations and cancellations in population registers due to transfers of residence from/to another municipality, or transfers from/to abroad, or other reasons.
g l o s s a r y
North 27,754,578 -81,155 35,930
Centre 12,067,803 -38,584 15,750
South and the Islands 20,843,170 -42,052 -19,950
ITALY 60,665,551 -161,791 31,730
Geographical area Resident population Natural increase Net migration
10 Italian National Institute of Statistics
RESIDENT POPULATION PYRAMID BY SEX AND CITIZENSHIP Population on 1 January 2016, percentage values
ITALIAN MALES ITALIAN FEMALES
FOREIGN MALES FOREIGN FEMALES
-1 0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
-0.8 0.2-0.6 0.4-0.4 0.6-0.2 0.80 1
11Italy in figures 2016
POPU
LAT
ION
LIVE BIRTHS OF PRESENT POPULATION BY SEX Years 1935-2015
Years Males Females Total
1935 510,944 485,764 996,708
1945 419,485 396,193 815,678
1955 446,144 423,189 869,333
1965 508,775 481,683 990,458
1975 426,160 401,692 827,852
1985 296,721 280,624 577,345
1995 270,996 254,613 525,609
2005 283,497 265,613 549,110
2015 243,481 229,980 473,461
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH BY SEXYears 1961-2065
FEMALESMALES * projection
67.2
1961
72.3
1971
69.0 74.9
1981
71.1 77.9
1991
73.8 80.3
2001
77.8 82.8
2011
79.5 84.4
2014 2015
80.180.3 84.785
2030*
82.8 87.7
2065*
86.6 91.5
1961 2.41
1981 1.60
2001 1.25
2015 1.35
2030 (projection) 1.49
1961 18.3
1981 11.1
2001 9.4
2015 8.0
2030 (projection) 8.1
AVERAGE NUMBER OF CHILDREN PER WOMAN BIRTHS PER 1,000 RESIDENTS
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH: average number of years a new-born is expected to live.
g l o s s a r y
12 Italian National Institute of Statistics
AGEING RATIO
38.9 46.161.7
92.5
127.1145.7
157.7 161.4
207.1
257.9
STRUCTURAL DEPENDENCY RATIO
1961
1961
1971
1971
1981
1981
1991
1991
2001
2001
2011
2011
2015
2015
2016
2016
2030*
2030*
2065*
2065*
51.6 55.5 53.1 45.7 48.4 52.8 55.1 55.563.2
82.8
DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORSCensuses 1961-2011, 1 January 2015 and 2016 and projections 2030-2065
RESIDENCE PERMITS: documents issued by the Italian police authorities which give foreigners the right to legally stay in Italy (usually minors are recorded in their parents’ permit). Since 1 January 2008 European citizens no longer need to obtain it, in compliance with the regulation n.2004/38/EC on the right of citizens of the Union to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States.STRUCTURAL DEPENDANCY RATIO: ratio of non-working age population (0-14; 65 and over) to working age population (15-64), per 100.AGEING RATIO: ratio of population aged 65 and over to population aged 0-14, per 100.
g l o s s a r y
North 2,493,182
Centre 922,288
South and the Islands 515,663
ITALY 3,931,133
RESIDENCE PERMITS ON 1 JANUARY 2016
Census 1961 62,780
Census 1971 121,116
Census 1981 210,937
Census 2001 1,334,889
Census 2011 4,027,627
1 January 2016 5,026,153
FOREIGN RESIDENTS IN ITALY
* projection
13Italy in figures 2016
MARRIAGES: data refer to marriages celebrated in Italy during the year regardless of the couple’s residence. Marriages with at least one foreign partner are those in which at least one of the spouses is not an Italian citizen. Accordingly, they also include foreigners living in Italy but with foreign nationality.
g l o s s a r y
POPU
LAT
ION
MARRIAGES AND AVERAGE AGE OF SPOUSESYears 2005-2015, percentage and absolute values
SEPARATIONS AND DIVORCESYears 1971-2015
2005 247,740 32.8 13.3 4.3 34.7 30.1
2006 245,992 34.0 13.9 4.2 34.8 30.4
2007 250,360 34.6 13.9 4.3 34.7 30.7
2008 246,613 36.7 15.0 4.2 35.0 30.9
2009 230,613 37.2 13.9 3.9 35.2 31.1
2010 217,700 36.5 11.5 3.7 35.5 31.4
2011 204,830 39.2 13.0 3.4 35.8 31.7
2012 207,138 41.0 14.8 3.5 36.0 31.9
2013 194,057 42.5 13.4 3.2 36.4 32.3
2014 189,765 43.1 12.8 3.1 36.6 32.6
2015 194,377 45.3 12.4 3.2 37.0 33.0
Total Civil Wih at least one Per 1,000 Males Females marriages foreign partner inhabitants (%) (%)
MARRIAGES AVERAGE AGE OF SPOUSES
1971
11,796
17,134 19,132
29,46235,162
44,018
52,323
71,969
82,29188,191
10,618 11,84415,650
27,038 37,573
47,036
47,03654,160
82,469
91,706
1985 20001975 1990 20051980 1995 2010 2015
SEPARATIONS
DIVORCES
Italian National Institute of Statistics14
Health
15Italy in figures 2016
HEA
LTH
SOME NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE INDICATORSYear 2013
CURRENT HEALTH EXPENDITURE BY SECTORYears 2012-2015, values at current prices (billions of euros)
DRUG CONSUMERS* BY AGE GROUPYears 2011-2015, thousands of people
General practitioners 19,025 9,521 16,657 45,203
General practitioner rate* 7.0 8.2 8.1 7.6
Patients per general practitioner 1,270 1,099 1,070 1,160
National Health Service paediatricians 3,263 1,523 2,919 7,705
National Health Service paediatricians rate** 8.6 9.6 9.7 9.2
Patients per paediatrician (<14 years) 941 863 846 890
Non-emergency medical on-call services 785 425 1,680 2,890
On-call physicians 3,154 1,950 6,429 11,533
Local Health Authorities 74 27 42 143
Unified booking centres 66 27 42 135
Indicators North Centre South and the Islands Italy
PUBLIC SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR
143
143
145
147
2012
2013
2014
2015
110
110
111
112
33
33
34
35
* per 10,000 inhabitants ** per 10,000 children aged 0-14
* in the two days preceding the interview
Up to 14 1,224 14.5 1,104 13.0 1,165 13.9
15-34 2,608 19.6 2,437 18.8 2,604 20.3
35-64 9,774 37.8 10,102 38.6 10,341 39.3
65 and over 9,600 79.6 10,330 82.2 10,692 82.1
TOTAL 23,206 38.9 23,974 39.8 24,802 41.0
Absolute values
Absolute values
Absolute values
Age groups
20132011 2015
% population of the
same age
GENERAL PRACTITIONERS: the contract for general practitioners set a maximum limit of 1,500 patients each.PUBLIC SECTOR HEALTH EXPENDITURE: the current operations carried out by the public administrations directly using their production facilities or buying goods and services from private institutions to be granted to citizens under specific agreements (including costs for administrative services, interests, taxes and fees, insurance premiums and contributions).PRIVATE SECTOR HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURE: expenditure incurred by households and/or private insurances for the acquisition of healthcare services of any kind.
g l o s s a r y
TOTAL
% population of the
same age
% population of the
same age
16 Italian National Institute of Statistics
112.9
69.9
4.0
28.5
15.6
66.6
17.1
8.1
10.1
3.2
115.2
5.4
14.1
3.9
40.7
7.3
4.7 3.2
1931
Good health Neurological diseases
Allergic diseases
Heart diseases
Osteoarthritis, arthritis
OsteoporosisHypertensionDiabetes
19711951 1991 20121941 19811961 2001 2013
1931 1971 2013
Neoplasms
75.6
190.4
291.5
Diseases of the circulatory system
188.5
446
367.2
Diseases of the respiratory system
261.4
76.9 69.0
Diseases of the digestive system
224.9
57.6 37.4
Infectious and parasitic diseases
218.2
15.9 21.1
DEATHS BY SOME CAUSESYears 1931, 1971 and 2013, per 100,000 inhabitants
INFANT MORTALITYYears 1931-2013, per 1,000 live births
HEALTH CONDITIONS AND REPORTED CHRONIC DISEASESYear 2015, per 100 persons
INFANT MORTALITY: includes deaths in the first year of age before the first birthday, including those died before the registration of death.
g l o s s a r y
17Italy in figures 2016
PERSONS AGED 11 AND OVER BY CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES IN THE YEAR, SEX AND AGE GROUPYears 2005 and 2015, per 100 persons aged 11 and over of the same sex and age group
22.4
7.4
75.7
28.3
84.5
32.0
84.2
27.6
80.4
12.0
82.1
31.0
58.1
16.9
77.9
24.6
52.0
15.0
15.6
6.2
61.0
17.1
60.2
18.3
56.9
19.3
44.7
7.3
11-17
14-17
18-24
18-24
25-44
25-44
45-64
45-64
2005
2001
65 and over
65 and over
2015
2015
OVERWEIGHT OR OBESE PERSONS AGED 18 AND OVER BY SEX AND AGE GROUPYears 2001 and 2015, per 100 persons aged 18 and over of the same sex and age group
PERSONS AGED 14 AND OVER BY SMOKING HABIT, SEX AND AGE GROUPYears 2001 and 2015, per 100 persons of the same sex and age group
MALES
Overweight 27.3 27.3 47.4 46.2 52.0 52.0 44.9 50.9 42.6 44.0
Obese 3.6 4.3 9.8 10.9 12.8 15.6 7.9 11.9 8.7 10.8
FEMALES
Overweight 10.4 13.1 23.9 23.7 39.8 36.4 34.4 38.6 25.9 27.3
Obese 1.9 3.1 7.5 7.2 15.4 13.4 9.6 13.0 8.4 9.0
MALES AND FEMALES
Overweight 18.8 20.3 35.6 34.8 45.5 43.8 38.3 43.6 33.9 35.3
Obese 2.7 3.7 8.6 9.0 14.2 14.4 9.0 12.6 8.5 9.8
2001 2015 2001 2015 2001 2015 2001 2015 2001 2015
18-34 35-54 55-74 75 and over Total
MALES FEMALES
TOTAL 2015
TOTAL 2015
HEA
LTH
MALES FEMALES
Italian National Institute of Statistics18
Culture
19Italy in figures 2016
CULT
UR
E
READERS AND LISTENERS BY SEXYear 2015, percentage values
MALES FEMALES
91.7
59.2
52.2
35.0
92.7
56.6
42.2
48.6
TV* watchers
Radio listeners*
Newspapers readers at least once a week**
Book readersin the last 12 months**
19.623.625.7
29.9
19.3
49.7
9.7
20.1
Theatre Archeological sites and
monuments
Other music
concerts
Classical music
concerts
Sport events
Discos, dance halls,
etc.
Museums, exibitions
Cinema
PARTICIPANTS TO EVENTS AND ENTERTAINMENTS*Year 2015, per 100 persons aged 6 and over
NUMBER OF VISITORS OF MUSEUMS AND SIMILAR STATE-OWNEDAND NOT STATE-OWNED INSTITUTES Year 2015, absolute values and percentage compositions*
* per 100 persons aged 3 and over
** per 100 persons aged 6 and over
* at least once during the year
TYPE
Museums, galleries and/or collections 15,665,676 43,932,327 59,598,003 33.2 69.3 53.9
Archeological sites and parks 7,456,601 4,095,947 11,552,548 15.8 6.5 10.4
Monuments or monumental compounds 24,025,875 15,390,839 39,416,714 51.0 24.3 35.6
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
North 6,248,448 32,174,154 38,422,602 13.3 50.7 34.8
Centre 31,442,427 19,486,608 50,929,035 66.7 30.7 46.1
South and the Islands 9,457,277 11,758,351 21,215,628 20.1 18.5 19.2
ITALY 47,148,152 63,419,113 110,567,265 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total*** Total***State-owned**
State-owned**
Not-state owned
Not-state owned
* values refer to 4,815 units that completed the questionnaire
** museums belonging to the Ministry of culture
*** the overall number of visitors comes from registered or estimated data
Italian National Institute of Statistics20
Education
21Italy in figures 2016
EDU
CAT
ION
SCHOOLS, CLASSES AND STUDENTS BY TYPE OF SCHOOLSchool year 2014/2015
ENROLMENT RATE IN UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATIONSchool years 1990/1991 - 2014/2015, ratio of students enrolled to resident populationaged 14-18, per 100 persons
* pre-primary values refer to sections
** the indicator is calculated for public schools only
Schools 23,724 17,256 8,112 7,002
Classes* 72,057 147,010 82,129 128,276
Students 1,637,110 2,820,696 1,738,729 2,689,267
% of female students 47.9 48.4 48.0 48.5
% of students enrolled in public schools 71.5 93.5 96.3 95.8
Foreigners per 100 students enrolled 10.3 10.3 9.6 7.0
Repeaters per 100 students enrolled — 0.4 3.2 7.5
Teachers** 82,131 200,772 138,768 208,757
Students per teacher** 12.2 12.8 11.8 12.1
Pre-primary Primary Lower secondary
Upper secondary
* starting from 2005/2006 school year the reference population is that resulting from the Population Census 2011
68.3
1990/1991
93.0
2005/2006*
93.0
2011/2012
93.0
2013/2014
93.1
2012/2013
93.1
2014/2015
THE SCHOOL SYSTEM IS DIVIDED INTO SIX LEVELS:• pre-primary education• primary education• lower secondary• upper secondary• non-tertiary post-secondary (i.e. upper Technical education and training, regional-funded post diploma courses)• tertiary (university, doctoral and specialisation courses, Institutes of high Training in art and music).ENROLMENT RATE IN UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION: ratio of students enrolled to resident population aged 14-18, per 100. From school year 2006/2007 to 2009/2010 the indicator includes data on students of first and second classes of vocational schools of the Autonomous province of Bolzano (under the 2007 Budget law).
g l o s s a r y
22 Italian National Institute of Statistics
POPULATION AGED 25-64 BY EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION AND SEX Year 2015, percentage compositions
PRIMARY SCHOOL LICENCE6.3%
LOWER SECONDARY LICENCE36.0%
2-3 YEARS UPPER SECONDARY DIPLOMA6.8%
4-5 YEARS UPPER
SECONDARY DIPLOMA
35.6%
UNIVERSITY DEGREE
15.3%
MALES FEMALES
ACTUAL AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE* ON EDUCATIONAL SERVICESYear 2015, euros
927789
480751
389 396 475 410246 270
160
234
North Centre South and the Islands Italy
SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY FEES
PRIVATE LESSONS
SCHOOL TRANSPORT
* annual actual average expenditure for the households buying services
UNIVERSITY DEGREE
19.8%
PRIMARY SCHOOL LICENCE8.2%
LOWER SECONDARY LICENCE30.5%
4-5 YEARS UPPER
SECONDARY DIPLOMA
34.9%
2-3 YEARS UPPER SECONDARY DIPLOMA6.6%
23Italy in figures 2016
UNIVERSITY ENTRANCE RATE OF YOUNG PEOPLE AGED 19 BY SEXAcademic years 2004/2005-2013/2014, students enrolled per 100 persons aged 19
MALES
FEMALES
TOTAL
2004/2005
25.5
38.1
31.6
2005/2006
24.3
37.6
30.8
2006/2007
25.2
39.1
32.0
26.0
40.6
33.1
2007/2008
24.5
38.6
31.3
2008/2009
24.8
38.2
31.3
2009/2010
2010/2011
23.4
35.6
29.3
2011/2012
23.7
36.2
29.7
2012/2013
24.9
36.4
29.8
2013/2014
24.1
35.0
29.4
EDU
CAT
ION
24 Italian National Institute of Statistics
UNIVERSITY NEW ENTRANTS, ENROLLED STUDENTS AND GRADUATES BY FIELD OF STUDYAcademic years 2013/2014, absolute values and percentage changes
Maths and physical science 9,303 2.3 51,368 0.0 8,288 0.8
Chemistry and Pharmacy 10,159 -10.2 69,642 -3.3 8,485 6.7
Life and natural sciences 13,331 -12.1 73,451 -6.0 14,041 -2.9
Medicine 23,241 5.1 168,452 1.5 32,035 3.9
Engineering 34,110 -0.6 210,034 1.1 35,929 0.4
Architecture 9,258 -6.2 86,576 -6.6 17,724 2.0
Agriculture 8,881 6.6 45,026 3.9 5,876 5.1
Economics and statistics 35,800 -1.5 227,654 -2.2 46,990 3.7
Political and social sciences 23,900 5.1 156,296 -4.3 32,895 -2.4
Law 23,240 -7.7 187,781 -3.7 19,374 2.1
Humanities 16,428 2.0 124,836 -3.7 26,309 1.0
Languages 18,957 4.9 96,263 0.7 18,042 2.6
Education 11,952 0.6 81,728 -2.9 15,819 2.2
Psychology 7,775 1.3 64,237 -1.5 14,484 0.9
Physical training 5,856 9.3 31,671 3.9 5,356 3.8
Army 266 -3.6 1,940 0.7 584 -3.2
TOTAL 252,457 -0.5 1,676,955 -1.9 302,231 1.6
Total Total Total% change on previous year
% change on previous year
% change on previous year
NEW ENTRANTS*
GROUP OF COURSES
ENROLLED STUDENTS GRADUATES**
* data refer to students enrolled for the first time. Students who have interrupted or completed another academic year are not included** data refer to Bachelor’s and Master’s degree graduates (both from two-year and single cycle degree courses)
THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM: the university system is divided into three cycles. The first cycle includes three-year courses leading to the new Bacherlor’s degree. The second cycle, leading to the Master’s degree, includes second-level courses which can be of two years duration (they can be accessed with the Bachelor’s degree) or have a long single cycle structure (they can be accessed with an upper secondary school diploma and last 5-6 years: Architecture-Civil Engineering, Pharmacy, Dentistry, Veterinary Science, Law, Medicine, Primary education sciences and Chemistry and Farmacy). The third cycle includes three-year courses which can be accessed with the Master’s degree and lead to the Doctoral degree. Although decreasing, some courses of the old system still exist, i.e. those lasting 4-6 years leading to the Master’s degree and those lasting 3 years leading to the Bachelor’s degree.
g l o s s a r y
25Italy in figures 2016
EDU
CAT
ION
GRADUATES AND UNIVERSITY GRADUATES OF 2011 BY CONDITION IN THE LABOUR MARKET IN 2015Percentage values
GRADUATES
UNIVERSITY GRADUATES
GRADUATES AND UNIVERSITY GRADUATES BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA*Year 2013, absolute values
* the geographical area considered is where the university is located
North 137,128
Centre 74,463
South and the Islands 90,640
ITALY 302,231
62.6
72.880.3 84.5
12.314.71.3 0.9
2.33.7
19.7
4.62.9
56.741.8
26.8
45.1
28.3
20.9
5.7
16.6
53.4
3.2
26.6
28.1
3.4
24.2
15.8
3.3
First-cycle Second-cycle unique Two-year specialistsecond-cycle
High schoolsVocational schools Technical schools Colleges for teacher Arts schools
WORKS SEEKS JOB STUDIES OTHER CONDITION
27.6
6.13.7
Italian National Institute of Statistics26
Labour
27Italy in figures 2016
LAB
OU
R
LABOUR FORCE BY WORKING STATUS, SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYear 2015, thousands of persons*
EMPLOYED BY SECTOR OF ACTIVITYYears 2005-2015, percentage compositions
Males Females Total
EMPLOYED
North 6,589 5,075 11,664
Centre 2,712 2,139 4,851
South and the Islands 3,784 2,166 5,950
ITALY 13,085 9,380 22,465
JOB-SEEKERS
North 518 505 1,023
Centre 306 272 578
South and the Islands 846 586 1,432
ITALY 1,669 1,364 3,033
LABOUR FORCE
North 7,106 5,580 12,687
Centre 3,017 2,411 5,429
South and the Islands 4,630 2,752 7,383
ITALY 14,754 10,744 25,498
* differences in overall sum are due to the rounding of absolute values
AGRICULTURE4.2% INDUSTRY
30.7%
SERVICES65.1%
2005
AGRICULTURE3.8% INDUSTRY
26.6%
SERVICES69.6%
20152010
AGRICULTURE3.8% INDUSTRY
28.6%
SERVICES67.6%
LABOUR FORCE SURVEY: provides official estimates of employed, job-seekers and main labour market aggregates. Data are collected through 260,000 interviews carried out more than once every year on a sample of 160,000 resident households (about 310,000 individuals). People permanently living abroad, in communities, religious institutes, barracks and similar are not included in the survey. Since 2004, the survey has been carried out on a “continuous” basis as data are collected every week of the year, although results are published monthly and every three months.LABOUR FORCE: includes persons employed and job-seekers.
g l o s s a r y
28 Italian National Institute of Statistics
PERSONS EMPLOYED BY OCCUPATION, SECTOR OF ACTIVITY AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYear 2015, thousands of persons*
North Centre South and the Islands Italy
AGRICULTURE
Employees 108 61 260 429
Self-employed 210 58 146 414
TOTAL 318 119 406 843
INDUSTRY
Employees 3,062 842 933 4,837
Self-employed 635 239 265 1,139
TOTAL 3,697 1,081 1,198 5,976
SERVICES
Employees 5,772 2,742 3,208 11,722
Self-employed 1,877 909 1,139 3,924
TOTAL 7,649 3,651 4,347 15,646
TOTAL
Employees 8,942 3,645 4,400 16,988
Self-employed 2,722 1,205 1,550 5,477
TOTAL 11,664 4,851 5,950 22,465
* differences in overall sum are due to the rounding of absolute values
PERSONS EMPLOYED BY OCCUPATIONYears 2005 and 2015, percentage compositions
SELF-EMPLOYED26.7%
SELF-EMPLOYED24.4%
EMPLOYEES73.3%
EMPLOYEES75.6%
2005 2015
29Italy in figures 2016
EMPLOYED BY ACTUAL WEEKLY HOURS WORKED AND SECTOR OF ACTIVITYYear 2015, percentage values
Agriculture 4.6 2.8 18.5 72.0 26.7 2.2
Industry 9.3 1.1 11.4 77.1 55.3 1.1
Services 8.2 3.4 26.0 61.0 24.2 1.4
TOTAL 8.4 2.7 21.9 65.7 32.6 1.3
Absentfrom work
Sectorof activity
Up to10 hours Total
31 HOURS AND OVER
11-30hours
(of which: 40 hours)
Notavailable
PERSONS EMPLOYED: all individuals aged 15 and over that in the reference week: • have carried out at least 1 hour’s paid work• have carried out at least 1 hour’s unpaid work in a family business they usually work in • are absent from work (i.e. for holidays or illness).JOB-SEEKERS: all individuals aged 15-74 that:• have been active on job search in the 30 days preceding the interview and are available to start work within two weeks from the
interview• will begin a new work within three months from interview and are available to start work within two weeks from the interview.
g l o s s a r y
PERSONS EMPLOYED BY OCCUPATION AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTYear 2015, thousands of persons*
* differences in overall sum are due to the rounding of absolute values
FULL TIME PART TIME
TOTAL: 22,465
18,298 4,166
EMPLOYEES: 16,988
13,642 3,346
SELF-EMPLOYED: 5,477
4,657 820
LAB
OU
R
30 Italian National Institute of Statistics
LABOUR INDICATORS BY SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREA Year 2015, percentage values
78.5 77.1
66.7
74.1
62.7 61.0
39.3
54.1
70.6 68.9
52.9
64.0
North Centre South and the Islands Italy
MALES
FEMALES
TOTAL
ACTIVITY RATES BY SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYear 2015, percentage values
SEX
Males 74.1 65.5 11.3
Females 54.1 47.2 12.7
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
North 70.6 64.8 8.1
Centre 68.9 61.4 10.6
South and the Islands 52.9 42.5 19.4
ITALY 64.0 56.3 11.9
TOTAL 11.3 12.7 11.9
Aged 15-24 38.8 42.6 40.3
Long term 6.6 7.4 6.9
Activity rate(15-64)
Males Females Total
Employment rate(15-64)
Unemployment rate
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES Year 2015, percentage values
31Italy in figures 2016
ACTIVITY RATE: ratio of labour force to the correspondent reference population.EMPLOYMENT RATE: ratio of the employed to the correspondent reference population.UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: ratio of job-seekers to labour force.LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: ratio of job-seekers for more than 12 months to labour force.PARA SUBORDINATES: coordinated and continuous workers with or without the project, and occasional service providers are included.
g l o s s a r y
PARA SUBORDINATES BY SECTOR OF ACTIVITY, SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYear 2015, values in thousands and percentage compositions
TOTAL PARA SUBORDINATES349,000
LAB
OU
R
SOUTH AND THE ISLANDS24.4%
CENTRE26.6%
NORTH49.0%
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
SERVICES87.1%
INDUSTRY11.3%
SECTOR OF ACTIVITY
AGRICULTURE1.6%
FEMALES55.1%
MALES44.9%
SEX
Italian National Institute of Statistics32
Welfare
33Italy in figures 2016
Disability, old age Compensatory Assistance Total and length of service, survivors’
Number (thousands) 17,963 768 4,364 23,095
Total amounts (millions of euros) 253,565 4,402 22,315 280,282
Average yearly amount (euros) 14,116 5,732 4,939 12,136
Expenditure/Gdp 15.44 0.27 1.36 17.06
Retirement rate 29.55 1.26 7.18 37.99
Relative benefit index 52.25 21.22 18.93 44.92
North 7,626,587 18,257 7,593,559 18,599
Centre 3,176,296 18,573 3,157,400 18,843
South and the Islands 5,024,688 15,385 5,010.667 15,569
ITALY* 15,827,571 17,409 15,761,626 17,685
PENSIONSYear 2015
TOTAL EXPENDITURE FOR PENSIONSYears 1971-2015
PENSIONERS AND AVERAGE ANNUAL GROSS PENSION INCOMES BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYears 2014 and 2015
Geographical area
2014 2015
Average income (euro)
Number Number Average income (euro)
* the total does not include pensioners residing abroad and a few cases for which it was not possible to identify the residence
DISABILITY, OLD AGE, LENGTH OF SERVICE AND SURVIVORS’ PENSIONS: paid in case of impaired work abilities; due to age limits or at the end of a full insurance career; to survivors in case of death of the pensioner or insured person provided that all insurance and contribution requirements are met.COMPENSATORY PENSIONS: indemnities paid by reason of impairment or death (to survivors in this case) caused by an event occurred on the job.SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PENSIONS: include non-contributory pensions, social allowances, pensions for the blind and partially-sighted, for the deaf and the invalid and war.RETIREMENT RATE: per cent ratio of pensions to resident population on 31 December of the reference year. RELATIVE BENEFIT INDEX: per cent ratio of average amount of pension to Gdp per inhabitant.
g l o s s a r y
16.66 16.83 16.63 16.85 17.17 17.06
2014 20152013201220112010
7.83
1971
11.6513.09
14.6216.69
2009200119911981
WELFA
RE
Italian National Institute of Statistics34
Justice
35Italy in figures 2016
STAFF OF THE JUDICIARY BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYear 2014
LITIGATION RATE BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYears 2008 and 2014
North 3,189 2,975 13,366 10,537 1,481 605
Centre 1,752 1,778 8,036 6,545 803 327
South and the Islands 4,183 3,878 18,423 16,343 2,406 1,110
Central offices***** 526 413 2,682 2,074 —
TOTAL 9,650 9,044 42,507 35,499 4,690 2,042
Establishment posts
Establishment posts
Establishment posts
MAGISTRATES* TECHNICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF**
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE***
Occupied posts
Occupied posts
Occupied posts****
Geographical area
* values of the establishment staff refer to the one distributed in the courts out of a total of 10,151 set by law
** the total workforce of technical and administrative staff is different from the one of 2013 due to the natural decline resulting from retirement not covered by new recruitments and to particular transitional situations related to the judicial reorganization implemented by the Legislative Decree no. 155/12
*** there are honorary magistrates who serve as Justice of the Peace while having no service relationship with the Ministry of Justice because they actually exercise only honorary roles
**** honorary magistrates who served in the offices of the Justice of the Peace in 2014
***** national offices: Ministry of Justice, High Court for public water, Anti-mafia national department, Supreme Court and General Attorney of Supreme Court
2008
2014
North
56.549.0
Centre
83.3
65.4
South and the Islands
102.2
75.4
Italy
82.6
61.3
JUST
ICE
PROTESTS BY TYPE OF CREDIT INSTRUMENTSYears 2011-2014
2011 981,019 62,853 341,544 1,385,416
2012 1,032,974 62,527 312,570 1,408,071
2013 951,296 53,232 230,142 1,234,670
2014 741,982 39,098 170,724 951,804
Promissory notes*Years Bank checks***
BILLS
Bill of exchanges**Total
* ordinary bills include IOUs or cashier’s cheques and accepted drafts
** bills of exchange include not accepted drafts and sight drafts
*** bank and postal cheques
36 Italian National Institute of Statistics
Filed 5,934,209 138,568 5,539,978 161,895
Closed 5,601,485 130,196 5,408,189 161,013
Pending at the end of the year 5,315,418 174,171 4,633,714 300,476
First instanceCriminal cases
2008 2014
Second instance Second instanceFirst instance
CRIMINAL CASES BY LEVEL OF COURTYears 2008 and 2014
CRIMES REPORTED BY POLICE FORCES TO JUDICIAL AUTHORITIESYears 2011-2014
* data for 2013 do not include 366 victims of the Lampedusa shipwreck of 3 October 2013
** articles 648 bis and 648 ter of the Criminal Code
*** articles 314, 316,316 bis, 316 ter, 317, 318, 319, 319 ter, 320, 321, 322, 322 bis of the Criminal Code
Crimes 2011 2012 2013 2014
Intentional homicides* 550 528 502 475
Attempted homicides 1,401 1,327 1,222 1,250
Unintentional homicides 1,783 1,716 1,597 1,633
Culpable injuries 68,500 69,527 66,317 66,178
Assaults 15,196 15,659 15,606 15,285
Threats 83,316 86,347 86,294 85,211
Kidnapping 1,443 1,474 1,353 1,278
Rapes 4,617 4,689 4,488 4,257
Thefts 1,460,205 1,520,623 1,554,777 1,573,213
Robberies 40,549 42,631 43,754 39,236
Extorsions 6,099 6,478 6,884 8,222
Swindles and computer frauds 105,692 116,767 140,614 133,261
Laundering** 1,350 1,685 1,891 1,604
Receiving stolen goods 23,773 25,080 25,275 24,935
Damaging 398,521 364,435 341,152 279,277
Arson 12,980 13,170 7,388 6,855
Drugs 34,034 33,852 33,578 33,246
Embezzlement, misappropriation, corruption*** 1,300 1,527 1,420 1,346
Abuse of office 1,196 1,259 1,144 1,254
Other crimes 500,507 510,060 556,899 534,920
TOTAL 2,763,012 2,818,834 2,892,155 2,812,936
37Italy in figures 2016
CRIMINAL CASE: proceeding aimed at ascertaining and sanctioning criminal responsibility for an offence. Data refer to filed, closed and pending proceedings handled by all first and second instance legal offices during the various procedural stages. Hence, each proceeding could be counted more than once depending on the office that handled it.LITIGATION RATE: ratio of first instance civil cases filed with the Justice of Peace or Ordinary Courts in the year to average resident population, per 1,000.PROTEST NOTE: a formal notorial certificate attesting that a check or bill of exchange has been presented for acceptance or payment and that it has been refused (Code of Civil Procedure).FILED PROCEEDINGS: they include recently registered proceedings and the ones aimed to assume again or carrying forward interrupted, suspended or cancelled causes.CLOSED PROCEEDINGS: they include the proceedings defined in the reference period with a published final sentence, those closed for reunification to another cause and the ones defined in different ways by the sentence (decree or order, including interrupted, suspended and cancelled causes at the date of the proceeding or that of its publication).PENDING PROCEEDINGS: proceedings for which no definition in the reference period is arrived yet.JUDICIAL AUTHORITY: the authority in charge of the administration of criminal, civil and administrative justice.CRIME: offence for which the main penalty of imprisonment, fine and some accessory penalties (i.e. interdiction from Public Offices) are provided. DETAINEE: person indicted or sentenced under measures restricting freedom, held in prison in pre-trial detention or serving a sentence.INMATE: person sentenced to detention in special institutions (criminal psychiatric hospitals, treatment and surveillance centres, agricultural colonies or workhouses).
g l o s s a r y
JUST
ICE
DETAINEES AND INMATES* AT THE END OF THE YEAR Years 1936-2015, per 100,000 inhabitants
129.1
1936
68.2
1956
53.2
1976
84.5
1996
110.1
2012
88.2
2014
102.9
2013 2015
86.0
* minors are not included
Italian National Institute of Statistics38
Livingconditions
39Italy in figures 2016
LIVIN
G CO
ND
ITIO
NS
1968 37.4% 62.6%
1980 31.6% 68.4%
2015 17.7% 82.3%
FOOD NON-FOOD
AVERAGE MONTHLY EXPENDITURE BY HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND CHAPTERYear 2015, percentage composition to total expenditure(a)
AVERAGE MONTHLY EXPENDITURE BY HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND CONSUMPTION GROUPYears 1968-2015, percentage compositions
Single person under 35 13.7 5.4 40.5 1.7 13.7 6.0 18.8 1,674.65
Single person 35 to 64 14.0 4.5 43.1 3.1 13.3 5.5 16.7 1,985.08
Single person over 64 17.4 2.8 54.2 6.1 6.4 3.7 9.4 1,641.43
Couple without children with r.p. under 35 14.3 5.3 35.4 2.7 16.0 7.8 18.1 2,424.89
Couple without children with r.p. 35-64 15.6 4.6 38.3 4.6 15.3 5.2 16.3 2,833.09
Couple without children with r.p. 65 and over 19.0 3.4 45.9 6.5 9.6 4.1 11.4 2,538.77
Couple with 1 child 18.0 5.0 36.2 4.5 15.0 6.1 15.2 2,973.94
Couple with 2 children 18.8 5.7 34.2 3.9 15.6 7.0 14.8 3,167.70
Couple with 3 or more children 20.4 6.3 32.5 3.8 15.1 8.1 13.7 3,350.24
Single parent 18.1 4.4 40.1 3.9 13.2 5.8 14.4 2,439.11
Other types 20.0 4.9 39.6 4.3 13.5 5.0 12.7 2,661.35
TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 17.7 4.6 40.3 4.5 13.1 5.7 14.2 2,499.37
Food Clothing and
footwear
Housing* Health services
Transportand
Commu-nications
Leisure time and
Education **
Other***
Averagemonthly
expenditure(€)
(a) The sum of the expenditure items can diverge from 100 because of rounded numbers
* it includes: housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels; furniture, home items and services
** it includes: leisure time, entertainment and culture, education
*** it includes: alcoholic drinks and tobacco; accommodation services and catering; other goods and services
40 Italian National Institute of Statistics
HOUSEHOLDS’ AVERAGE MONTHLY EXPENDITURE BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYear 2015, euros
North
2,804
Centre
2,600
South and the Islands
1,977
Italy
2,499
AVERAGE ACTUAL EXPENDITURE FOR DURABLE GOODS BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYear 2015, euros
HOUSEHOLD BUDGET SURVEY: it was completely renewed in 2014. As deep changes have been introduced in every stage of the process, time comparisons can be only made by using reconstructed data and not previously disseminated data.AVERAGE MONTHLY EXPENDITURE: average consumption expenditure incurred by resident households each month. It is calculated by dividing the total expenditure by the number of resident households in Italy.AVERAGE ACTUAL EXPENDITURE: it is calculated by dividing the households’ total expenditure for a good (or service) by the number of households that have purchased the same good (or service).REFERENCE PERSON (R.P.): the family head as recorded in the Register Office.
g l o s s a r y
Dishwashers 474 456 457 467
Air conditioners, climate controls, dehumidifiers 989 864 554 858
Televisions and decoders 339 403 324 347
Personal computers and tablet PCs 430 445 387 423
Mobile phones, including smartphones 262 258 207 246
E-book readers and digital photo frames 108 99 90 104
New cars 16,170 14,529 15,284 15,648
Goods North Centre South and the Islands Italy
41Italy in figures 2016
TECHNOLOGICAL GOODS OWNED BY HOUSEHOLDS Years 1997 and 2015, per 100 households
1997 2015
2005 2015
Mobile phone Personal computer Internet access Satellite dish
27.3
94.1
16.7
63.9
2.3
66.2
33.0
LIVIN
G CO
ND
ITIO
NS
MEANS OF TRANSPORT USED TO TRAVEL TO WORK Years 1996-2015, per 100 persons employed aged 15 and over that travel to work
Means of transport 1996 1999 2002 2007 2009 2012 2015
Train 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.1
Tram, bus 5.0 5.5 5.1 5.5 5.3 4.9 5.2
Underground 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.5 2.9 2.9 2.9
Coach 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.1 2.5 2.5
Car 70.9 72.0 73.2 74.4 74.6 74.5 74.2
Motorcycle, motorbike 4.3 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.1 4.1
Bicycle 3.0 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.9 3.5
Walking 12.7 11.8 11.1 11.2 11.2 11.5 11.8
CONSUMERS OF SOME FOOD AT LEAST ONCE A DAY Years 2005 and 2015, per 100 persons aged 3 and over
77.3 75.4
58.8 59.6
40.845.548.9 52.6
60.754.9
87.180.9
Bread, pasta and rice
Milk Greens Vegetables Fruit Fish*
* at least sometime during the week
Italian National Institute of Statistics42
Economy
43Italy in figures 2016
ECON
OM
Y
CURRENT PRICES
Gdp at market prices 1,613,265 1,604,599 1,620,381 1,642,444
Imports of goods and services (Fob) 445,237 426,888 428,997 443,149
Total resources 2,058,502 2,031,487 2,049,378 2,085,593
Domestic consumption 1,309,173 1,296,296 1,300,113 1,312,808
Gross fixed capital formation 296,166 276,668 269,330 273,364
Changes in inventories -10,642 -6,418 2,775 3,890
Valuables 2,632 1,812 1,867 1,851
Exports of goods and services (Fob) 461,174 463,129 475,292 493,680
Total uses 2,058,502 2,031,487 2,049,378 2,085,593
CHAIN-LINKED VOLUMES (IN MONETARY TERMS) WITH REFERENCE YEAR 2010
Gdp at market prices 1,568,274 1,541,172 1,542,588 1,553,876
Imports of goods and services (Fob) 402,755 393,242 406,164 430,733
Total resources 1,970,088 1,933,340 1,948,094 1,984,033
Domestic consumption 1,257,227 1,232,845 1,234,359 1,246,831
Gross fixed capital formation 284,720 265,832 257,846 261,096
Changes in inventories — — — —
Valuables 2,118 1,456 1,525 1,511
Exports of goods and services (Fob) 434,987 438,035 450,619 469,778
Total uses 1,970,087 1,933,339 1,948,093 1,984,032
2012 2013 2014 2015
RESOURCES AND USES ACCOUNTYears 2012-2015, millions of euros
VALUE ADDED AT BASIC PRICES BY SECTOR OF ACTIVITYYears 1995 and 2015, percentage compositions
* millions of euros at current prices
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AT MARKET PRICES (GDP): final result of production activities of resident units. GDP at market prices is the sum of final uses of goods and services (domestic consumption and gross capital formation) plus exports and less imports of goods and services.VALUE ADDED AT BASIC PRICES: difference between total production and intermediate consumption used in production, net of taxes and gross of subsidies on products.
g l o s s a r y
AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY
AND FISHING3.3%
AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY
AND FISHING2.2%INDUSTRY (EXCLUDING
CONSTRUCTION)23.9%
INDUSTRY (EXCLUDING CONSTRUCTION)18.8%
CONSTRUCTION5.2%
CONSTRUCTION4.8%
SERVICES67.6%
SERVICES74.2%
1995 2015
Value added*: 890,136 Value added*: 1,475,047
44 Italian National Institute of Statistics
EXPENDITURESEmployment income 166,142 164,784 163,525 161,453Intermediate consumption 87,023 89,579 88,401 89,248Social benefits in kind directly purchased on the market 43,345 43,552 44,235 44,145Social benefits in money 311,442 319,688 326,863 332,985Other current expenditures 63,479 66,065 67,678 63,777Interests payable 83,566 77,568 74,337 68,216Total current expenditures 754,997 761,236 765,039 759,824Gross fixed capital formation 41,422 38,508 36,697 36,770Grants for investment and other capital transfers 22,455 15,943 23,429 31,186Total capital expenditures 63,877 54,451 60,126 67,956Total expenditures 818,874 815,687 825,165 827,780REVENUES Market production of for own final consumption 34,246 36,574 36,758 37,901 Direct and indirect taxes 486,506 480,733 486,903 492,340 Social contributions 215,837 215,289 214,360 218,552Other current revenues 29,148 30,556 31,660 30,559 Total current revenues 765,737 763,152 769,681 779,352 Total capital revenues 5,921 9,317 7,002 5,497 Total revenues 771,658 772,469 776,683 784,849 CURRENT BALANCE 10,740 1,916 4,642 19,528GOVERNMENT DEFICIT -47,216 -43,218 -48,482 -42,931PRIMARY BALANCE 36,350 34,350 25,855 25,285
2012 2013 2014 2015
NON FINANCIAL CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNT OF GENERAL GOVERNMENTYears 2012-2015, millions of euros
GOVERNMENT DEBTYears 2005-2015, percentage on GDP
GOVERNMENT FINANCE BALANCESYears 1995-2015, percentage on GDP
GENERAL GOVERNMENT: includes all institutional units whose main function is to produce non-market services for individual and collective consumption and to perform operations of redistribution of national income and wealth. Their activities are mainly financed by compulsory payments made by units belonging to other sectors.GOVERNMENT DEBT: the amount of General Government liabilities (EU definition). Calculations are made according to the methodological criteria set by the Council Regulation (EC) no. 3605/93.GOVERNMENT DEFICIT (OR NET LENDING/NET BORROWING): the difference between revenues and expenditure is the balancing item in the account. It is the sum of current balance and capital balance.PRIMARY BALANCE: net lending(+)/net borrowing (-) less consolidated interest expenditure.
g l o s s a r y
101.9
2005
3.9
-7.3
1995
123.3
2012
0.3
-4.2
2005
129.0
2013
2.3
-2.9
2012
131.9
2014
2.1
-2.7
2013
132.3
2015
1.6
-3.0
2014
1.5
-2.6
2015
PRIMARY BALANCE
GOVERNMENT DEFICIT
45Italy in figures 2016
Austria -1.0 85.5 0.8 71.1Belgium -2.5 105.8 0.6 61.8Cyprus -1.1 107.5 -1.5 62.7Finland -2.8 63.6 -0.2 68.5France -3.5 96.2 0.1 63.8Germany 0.7 71.2 0.1 74.0Greece -7.5 177.4 -1.1 50.8Ireland -1.9 78.6 0.0 63.3Italy -2.6 132.3 0.1 56.3Luxembourg 1.6 22.1 0.1 66.1Malta -1.4 64.0 1.2 63.9Netherlands -1.9 65.1 0.2 74.1Portugal -4.4 129.0 0.5 63.9Slovakia -2.7 52.5 -0.3 62.7Slovenia -2.7 83.1 -0.8 65.2Spain -5.1 99.8 -0.6 57.8Bulgaria -1.7 26.0 -1.1 62.9Croatia -3.3 86.7 -0.3 55.8Denmark -1.7 40.4 0.2 73.5Estonia 0.1 10.1 0.1 71.9Latvia -1.3 36.3 0.2 68.1Lithuania -0.2 42.7 -0.7 67.2Poland -2.6 51.1 -0.7 62.9United Kingdom -4.3 89.1 0.0 72.7Czech Republic -0.6 40.3 0.3 70.2Romania -0.8 37.9 -0.4 61.4Sweden 0.2 43.9 0.7 75.5Hungary -1.6 74.7 0.1 63.9Euro area (19 Countries) -2.1 90.4 0.0 64.5EU28 -2.4 85.0 0.0 65.6
SOME INDICATORS IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIESYear 2015, percentage values
FISCAL DRAG IN SOME EUROPEAN COUNTRIESYears 2011-2015, percentage on Gdp
EURO AREA: since 1 January 2001 is constituted by Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal and Spain; Slovenia joined on 1 January 2007, Cyprus and Malta on 1 January 2008, Slovakia on 1 January 2009, Estonia on 1 January 2011, Latvia on 1 January 2014, and Lithuania on 1 January 2015.EUROPEAN UNION: since 2015 it is constituted by 28 Countries, the 19 Euro Countries plus Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Poland, United Kingdom, Czech Republic, Romania, Sweden and Hungary.
g l o s s a r y
Government deficit Government debt Inflation rate Employment rate (% on Gdp) (% on Gdp)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
SPAINUNITED KINGDOM
GERMANYEURO 19ITALY
FRANCE50
40
35
45
30
ECON
OM
Y
Italian National Institute of Statistics46
Prices
47Italy in figures 2016
PRICES
PRICE INDICESYear 2015, trend percentage changes
* excluding tobaccos
-2.6
General index
0.4
Consumer goods
0.5
Capital goods
0.1
NIC
-0.4
Intermediate goods
-0.1
FOI*
CONSUMER PRICESOUTPUT PRICES
-10.0
Energy
0.1
HICP
CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (NIC) BY CHAPTER OF EXPENDITURE AND PRODUCT TYPEYears 2011-2015, trend percentage change
Food and non-alcoholic beverages 2.4 2.5 2.4 0.1 1.1Alcoholic beverages and tobacco 3.5 5.9 1.5 0.4 2.7Clothing and footwear 1.7 2.6 0.8 0.6 0.4Housing, water, electricity gas and other fuels 5.1 7.1 2.0 0.0 -0.8Furnishings, household items and services 1.7 2.1 1.2 0.9 0.4Health services 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.4Transport 6.2 6.5 1.1 0.7 -2.7Communications -1.2 -1.5 -5.1 -7.3 -1.1Recreation and culture 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.2Education 2.3 2.2 2.6 1.4 1.7Hotels and restaurants 2.2 1.5 1.4 0.9 1.3Miscellaneous goods and services 3.2 2.3 1.2 0.0 0.2General index 2.8 3.0 1.2 0.2 0.1Goods 3.1 3.8 0.9 -0.3 -0.5Services 2.3 2.2 1.5 0.9 0.6
2011Chapter of expenditure and product type 2012 2013 2014 2015
OUTPUT PRICE INDEX: refers to changes in time of prices applied by industrial enterprises, excluding construction companies. CONSUMER PRICE INDEX: measures the variations in time of prices of a “basket” of goods and services. Istat calculates the following three consumer price indices: • consumer price index for the whole nation (NIC), based on the entire present population’s consumptions • consumer price index for blue- and white-collar worker households (FOI) based on consumptions of households having an
employee as reference person • harmonised index of consumer prices (HICP), which refers to households’ consumption of goods and services and gives
comparable measures of inflation at the European level.GOODS AND SERVICES BY PURCHASE FREQUENCY: • high: food and beverages, tobaccos, rent, fuels • medium: clothing, electricity, water and waste disposal rates, medicines, books • low: household appliances, transport means, audiovisual, photographic and computer equipment.
g l o s s a r y
CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (NIC) BY PRODUCT TYPE AND PURCHASE FREQUENCY2005/2015 percentage changes
16.5
Goods
20.118.2
Services
General index
24.6
High
16.1
Medium
PRODUCT TYPE PURCHASE FREQUENCY
10.2
Low
Italian National Institute of Statistics48
Foreign trade
49Italy in figures 2016
FOR
EIGN
TR
AD
E
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS BY SECTOR OF ACTIVITYYears 2014 and 2015, absolute values in millions of euros
ITALY’S MAIN TRADING PARTNERSYear 2015*, absolute values in millions of euros
Products of agriculture, forestry and fishing 12,959 5,936 13,721 6,604
Mining and quarrying products 48,254 1,178 39,170 1,157
Food, beverages and tobacco 28,958 28,395 29,076 30,253
Textiles, clothing, leather and accessories 28,770 47,235 30,357 48,023
Wood and wood products; paper and printing 9,455 8,005 9,974 8,328
Coke and refined petroleum products 10,167 14,057 7,328 12,455
Chemicals and chemical products 34,295 25,977 35,109 27,028
Pharmaceutical, medicinal chemical and botanical products 19,827 20,933 22,106 21,872
Rubber and plastics products and other non-metallicmineral products 12,339 23,787 12,958 24,771
Basic metals and fabricated metal products excludingmachinery and equipments 36,012 44,623 37,989 43,711
Computer, electronic and optical equipment 23,041 12,091 25,303 13,417
Electrical equipment 13,617 20,829 15,425 21,938
Machinery and equipment n.e.c. 23,893 74,142 25,969 75,767
Transport equipment 32,158 40,061 39,073 45,137
Other manufactured products 11,324 22,638 12,736 24,324
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 1,926 187 2,264 272
Other products n.e.c 9,946 8,798 10,158 8,823
TOTAL 356,939 398,870 368,715 413,881
Sectors of activity Imports Imports
2014 2015*
Exports Exports
FOREIGN TRADE STATISTICS: are based on the results of the surveys on Italian trade with EU and non-EU countries. The former, in accordance with the Intrastat system (introduced in January 1993), is carried out on a monthly basis with quarterly and yearly integrations. Data are provided directly by competent Custom offices. The survey on Italian trade with non-EU countries, based on custom declarations (single administrative document), is carried out on a monthly basis.
g l o s s a r y
COUNTRIES TO WHICH ITALY EXPORTS COUNTRIES FROM WHICH ITALY IMPORTS
51,023
Germany
56,809
Germany
42,548
France
32,109
France
35,989
United States
28,158
China
22,484
United Kingdom
20,667
Netherlands
19,854
Spain
18,391
Spain
* provisional data
* provisional data
Italian National Institute of Statistics50
Industryand services
51Italy in figures 2016
INDUSTRY AND SERVICES ENTERPRISES BY SIZE AND SECTOR OF ACTIVITY Year 2014
EMPLOYMENT IN INDUSTRY AND SERVICES ENTERPRISES BY SIZE AND SECTOR OF ACTIVITYYear 2014
INDUSTRY (EXCLUDING CONTRUCTION) 346,925 71,359 418,284Mining and quarrying 1,775 482 2,257Manufacturing activities 328,486 67,936 396,422Supply of electricity, gas, steam and conditioned air 9,916 543 10,459Water supply; sewage systems, waste management and sanitation 6,748 2,398 9,146CONSTRUCTION 509,648 19,455 529,103SERVICES 3,302,087 109,613 3,411,700Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 1,086,631 36,503 1,123,134Transport and storage 113,241 12,447 125,688Accomodation and restaurant services 292,996 19,017 312,013Information and communication services 91,020 5,977 96,997Financial and insurance activities 92,831 2,378 95,209Real estate services 238,492 642 239,134Professional, scientific and technical activities 698,154 7,741 705,895Renting services, travel agencies, business support services 128,721 11,177 139,898Education 27,351 1,737 29,088Healthcare and social work 270,894 6,401 277,295Arts, sports, entertainment and recreation and other activities 261,756 5,593 267,349TOTAL 4,158,660 200,427 4,359,087
INDUSTRY (EXCLUDING CONTRUCTION) 918,177 3,038,153 3,956,330Mining and quarrying 5,050 27,777 32,827Manufacturing activities 885,493 2,766,454 3,651,948Supply of electricity, gas, steam and conditioned air 7,988 80,464 88,451Water supply; sewage systems, waste management and sanitation 19,646 163,458 183,104CONSTRUCTION 912,579 445,180 1,357,759SERVICES 5,666,884 5,208,336 10,875,220Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 1,999,076 1,303,251 3,302,326Transport and storage 228,376 844,820 1,073,196Accomodation and restaurant services 818,792 476,251 1,295,043Information and communication services 160,527 371,025 531,552Financial and insurance activities 138,826 436,698 575,524Real estate services 273,548 13,959 287,507Professional, scientific and technical activities 924,074 262,727 1,186,801Renting services, travel agencies, business support services 234,842 887,013 1,121.855Education 48,610 45,335 93,946Healthcare and social work 386,531 407,632 794,162Arts, sports, entertainment and recreation and other activities 453,682 159,625 613,308TOTAL 7,497,641 8,691,668 16,189,310
Sectors of activity
Sectors of activity
10 workersand over
10 workersand over
0-9 workers
0-9 workers
Total
Total
ENTERPRISES: organisations carrying out economic activities at a professional level for the production of market goods or services.WORKERS: employees and self-employed in enterprises (full time, part-time or under training and employment contracts).
g l o s s a r y
IND
UST
RY
AN
D SER
VICES
Italian National Institute of Statistics52
Agriculture
53Italy in figures 2016
AG
RICU
LTU
RE
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND VALUE ADDED BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA Year 2015
CHAIN-LINKED VALUES: are the volume measure of national accounts aggregates, representing a series of economic data in real terms and net of price changes. For each aggregate and each year the ratio between the value in the prices of the previous year (for example, the estimates for 2009 are expressed at 2008 prices) and the aggregate value for the previous year are calculated. The volume indices computed on different basis are then related to a fixed base year (currently 2010), thus obtaining chained volume indices. Chain-linked aggregates are obtained by multiplying these latter by the current value in the base year.
g l o s s a r y
North-west 11,639 -1.1 5,656 -1.0
North-east 14,971 0.3 7,937 0.8
Centre 8,206 3.5 5,030 5.7
South 13,061 5.9 8,091 9.6
Islands 6,561 3.0 4,177 5.1
ITALY 54,438 2.0 30,891 4.0
Millions of current euros
Millions of current euros
PRODUCTION VALUE ADDED
Annual % changes in chain linked volumes
Annual % changes in chain linked volumes
UTILISED AGRICULTURAL AREA BY MAIN CROPSYear 2015, thousands of hectares
554Common wheat
425Oil seeds
1,329Durum wheat
72Legumes
727Maize
538Citrus and fruit trees
243Barley
696Grapevine
109Oats
1,148Olive trees
51Potatoes
2,120Rotation forage
420Vegetables
54 Italian National Institute of Statistics
North 3,048 6,428 2,586 57 4,096
Centre 1,831 434 336 316 392
South and the Islands 2,775 212 2,972 2,360 4,756
ITALY 7,654 7,074 5,894 2,733 9,244
Geographical area Wheat TomatoMaize Olive trees Citrus and fruit trees
HARVEST OF MAIN CROPS BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA Year 2015, thousands of tons
HARVEST OF WINE GRAPESYear 2015, thousands of tons
352Piemonte
1,254Veneto
3Valle d’Aosta
257Friuli Venezia Giulia
199Lombardia
10Liguria
168Trentino Alto Adige
939Emilia-Romagna
398Toscana
106Umbria
143Marche
225Lazio
355Abruzzo
92Molise
223Campania
1,332Puglia
15Basilicata
50Calabria
752Sicilia
134Sardegna
46 Bolzano-Bozen
122 Trento
TOTAL ITALY: 7,006
55Italy in figures 2016
AG
RICU
LTU
RE
PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS PLACED ON THE MARKET FOR AGRICULTURAL USEYears 2010 and 2014, tons
Insecticides and acaricides
2010
201467,707
65,315
Fungicides
28,160
22,284
28,129
19,91224,209
18,170
Herbicides Other plant protection products
PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS (AGROCHEMICALS AND PESTICIDES): are synthetic or natural products used against all harmful organisms or to prevent the action of such organisms (infectious diseases, plant pathogens, parasites and pests, infesting weeds).
g l o s s a r y
North 7,562 5,096 1,861 4,879 10,446
Centre 7,195 2,838 1,552 4,993 7,642
South and the Islands 3,538 3,273 872 2,544 4,150
ITALY 18,295 11,207 4,285 12,416 22,238
Geographical area Accomodation TastingFood service Other activities** Total
LICENSED AGRITOURISM FARMS BY TYPE OF ACTIVITY* AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYear 2015
* a farm may be authorized to perform one or more types of agritourism activities
** horse-riding, hiking, nature explorations, trekking, mountain bike, courses, sports, etc. are included
Italian National Institute of Statistics56
Tourism
57Italy in figures 2016
TO
UR
ISM
Hotels 19,916 6,366 6,917 33,199
Campings and resorts 1,200 609 899 2,708
Rooms and flats for rent 58,976 9,128 4,971 73,075
Agritourism facilities 7,343 7,887 3,295 18,525
Youth hostels 313 180 99 592
Holiday homes 1,200 765 360 2,325
Alpine huts 988 69 34 1,091
Other accommodation establishments 721 4,694 404 5,819
Bed and breakfast 11,819 6,539 12,026 30,384
TOTAL 102,476 36,237 29,005 167,718
ITALIANS
Arrivals 32,226 13,261 12,834 58,321
Nights spent 104,697 46,042 49,417 200,156
Average length of stay (days) 3.25 3.47 3.85 3.43
FOREIGNERS
Arrivals 33,010 15,231 6,793 55,034
Nights spent 117,644 48,073 26,891 192,608
Average length of stay (days) 3.56 3.16 3.96 3.50
North
North
South and the Islands
South and the Islands
Centre
Centre
Italy
Italy
COLLECTIVE ACCOMMODATION ESTABLISHMENTS BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYear 2015, thousands
GUESTS IN COLLECTIVE ACCOMMODATION ESTABLISHMENTS BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYear 2015, thousands
COLLECTIVE ACCOMMODATION ESTABLISHMENTS: include hotels, campings, resorts, agritourism facilities, youth hostels, rooms and flats for rent, holiday homes, alpine huts, bed and breakfasts and other establishments.ARRIVALS: number of resident and non-resident guests spending at least one night in collective accommodation establishments.NIGHTS SPENT: number of nights spent by guests in collective accommodation establishments.AVERAGE LENGTH OF STAY: ratio of nights spent to number of arrivals.
g l o s s a r y
58 Italian National Institute of Statistics
NIGHTS SPENT BY DESTINATIONYear 2015, percentage compositions
ARRIVALS BY TYPE OF ACCOMMODATION ESTABLISHMENTSYear 2015, percentage compositions
SPAS4.4%
SPAS3.4%
SEASIDE RESORTS26.0%
ART TOWNS26.6%
ART TOWNS38.3%
OTHER3.6%
OTHER5.5%
MOUNTAIN RESORTS16.3%
MOUNTAIN RESORTS13.0%
LAKESIDE RESORTS3.7%
LAKESIDE RESORTS
13.8%
SEASIDE RESORTS45.4% ITALIANS
FOREIGNERS
5-star and 5-star luxury hotels 3.1
4-star hotels 36.9
3-star hotels 30.2
2-star hotels 4.2
1-star hotels 1.3
Tourist residences 2.8
Campings and resorts 8.2
Rooms and flats for rent 6.2
Agritourism facilities 2.5
Bed and breakfasts 1.6
Other accommodation establishments 3.0
59Italy in figures 2016
HOLIDAYS BY MAIN DESTINATIONYear 2015, percentage compositions
HOLIDAYS BY CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICSYear 2015, percentage compositions
HOLIDAYS: trips made by Italians in the reference period for holiday, leisure, recreation, visiting relatives and friends, religious purposes and health treatments.HOLIDAY TRIPS BY DESTINATIONS: the most visited Italian region is Emilia-Romagna (destination of 13.3 out of every 100 travels to Italy), whereas the most popular international destination among Italian residents is Spain (12.2 out of every 100 travels abroad). Marocco is the most visited non-European country (6 out of every 100 travels abroad).
g l o s s a r y
DIRECT41.5%
HOTELS28.4%
RENTEDACCOMMODATION
11.7%PRIVATE
48.9%
OTHER10.9%
TRAVEL AGENCY 10.2%
PLANE13.4%
TRAIN10.7%
SHIP3.0%
CAR64.9%
COACH4.5%
OTHER3.5%
NONE48.2%
ITALY 89.1 74.6 81.5
North 50.7 31.4 40.6
Centre 26.6 16.4 21.2
South and the Islands 11.8 26.8 19.7
ABROAD 10.9 25.4 18.5
EU Countries 9.7 14.5 12.2
Other European countries 0.9 4.6 2.9
Rest of the world 0.3 6.3 3.4
TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0
1-3 nights 4 nights or more Total
RESERVATION ACCOMMODATIONMEANS OF TRANSPORT
TO
UR
ISM
Territory and environmentPopulationHealthCultureEducationLabourWelfareJusticeLiving conditionsEconomyPricesForeign tradeIndustry and servicesAgricultureTourism
ITALYIN FIGURES2016
www.istat.it/enItalian NationalInstitute of Statistics
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