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ITALYIN FIGURES2016

www.istat.it/en

Italian National Instituteof Statistics



Divided into 15 thematic sections, the 2016 edition of Italy in figures presents the main economic, demographic, social and environmental aspects of our country. In-depth sections and glossaries allow even the general public to make a better use of the information provided.

This booklet is distributed to institutions and international organizations, media and opinion leaders. Free copies are available upon request at the Communication Directorate of Istat.

The online version of Italy in figures is also accessible from the website homepage www.istat.it/en, where it can be downloaded in its full version or browsed per individual thematic sections.

ITALYIN FIGURES 2016

Territory and environment

Italian National Institute of Statistics44

5Italy in figures 2016

TER

RIT

OR

Y A

ND

ENV

IRO

NM

ENT

173

419

290 198

163

105

164

342

428 209

57

130

196

69

123

70

155

267

70

87

39

UP TO 100

FROM 201 TO 300

FROM 101 TO 200

OVER 300

RESIDENT POPULATION DENSITY ON 1 JANUARY 2016Inhabitants per km2

ITALIAN AVERAGE:

201

TERRITORIAL AREA BY ALTITUDE AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREA On 1 January 2016, in km2

55,398 35,221

22,970

North

MOUNTAIN

HILL

PLAIN

Centre South and the Islands

65,790

41,887

15,657

37,067

5,362 22,721

NORTH: Piemonte, Valle d’Aosta, Liguria, Lombardia, Trentino-Alto Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna. CENTRE: Toscana, Lazio, Umbria, Marche. SOUTH AND THE ISLANDS: Abruzzo, Molise, Campania, Basilicata, Puglia, Calabria, Sicilia, Sardegna.

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6 Italian National Institute of Statistics

ITALY’S NUMBERS Main territorial and demographic data

Latitude North

Latitude South

Longitude West

Longitude East

Maximum span (km)

Territorial area (km2)

Total area of wood (km2)

Total length of coastline (km)

High seismic risk area (km2)

Protected areas (km2)

Highest mountain - Monte Bianco (m)

Longest river - Po (km)

47° 06’

35° 30’

6° 37’

18° 31’

1,200

302,073

111,110

8,962

26,955

60,166

4,810

652

ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS IN REGIONAL CAPITALS Year 2014

Municipalities

PARKS AND GARDENS CARS WATER AIR

% of municipal

area

m2 per inhabitants

Per 1,000 inhabitants

Litres consumed (domestic use)

per day per inhabitant

Masimum number of days exceeding the PM10 limit values

Torino 15.0 21.7 615.5 197.7 94

Aosta 2.5 15.4 2,302.6 * 158.5 14

Genova 1.5 6.2 457.6 160.2 22

Milano 12.6 17.2 515.8 206.1 68

Bolzano - Bozen 4.5 22.1 1,538.8 * 152.9 —

Trento 29.8 401.5 1,539.3 * 151.9 8

Venezia 2.4 37.8 416.1 164.5 66

Trieste 7.9 32.6 515.6 156.0 18

Bologna 8.1 29.5 511.0 151.2 23

Firenze 7.9 21.4 510.3 132.6 19

Perugia 2.2 60.2 699.1 136.1 21

Ancona 1.9 22.9 594.5 147.7 10

Roma 3.5 15.9 619.5 183.8 43

L’Aquila 0.1 7.2 754.3 144.8 10

Campobasso 1.5 17.3 688.1 150.1 5

Napoli 9.4 11.3 538.2 153.3 40

Bari 2.1 7.8 538.4 139.7 28

Potenza 14.2 370.9 722.4 137.4 11

Catanzaro 3.8 47.0 633.4 238.1 15

Palermo 4.4 10.5 561.6 141.0 64

Cagliari 9.6 52.7 653.0 168.0 65

* data not comparable to other municipalities due to lower taxation for new car registration (since 2012 for Bolzano and Trento)

Railway network (km)

Road network (km)

Regions

Provinces

Metropolitan cities

Municipalities

Resident population on 1 January 2016

Foreign resident population

Number of households

Households’ average members

Population density (inhab./km2)

16,726

182,400

20

101

9

8,003

60,665,551

5,026,153

25,853,547

2.3

201


North 5,970.9 7,812.7 13,783.7 56.7 496

Centre 3,910.8 2,698.0 6,608.8 40.8 547

South and the Islands 6,367.0 2,895.8 9,262.8 31.3 443

ITALY 16,248.7 13,406.5 29,655.3 45.2 488

Geographical area Mixed collection Separate collection Total % separate collection kg/inhabitant

METROPOLITAN CITIES: local bodies provided for by Article 114 of the Constitution and regulated by Law No 56 of 7 April 2014. Nine metropolitan areas entered into force on 1 January 2015 (Torino, Genova, Milano, Venezia, Bologna, Firenze, Roma, Napoli and Bari).MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DAYS EXCEEDING THE PM10 LIMIT VALUES: limit set to protect human health and recorded by fixed air quality monitoring stations.MUNICIPAL WASTE: include household waste (including bulky ones), non-hazardous waste similar to municipal wast in type and quantity, waste from street cleaning, vegetable waste from parks and gardens, waste from cemeterial activities.SEPARATE WASTE COLLECTION: consists in municipal waste (including wet organic waste) being segregated by waste type for reuse, recycling and reclamation of materials. It regards paper, glass, plastic, organic waste, metals, bulky recyclable waste, textile and others. Wet organic waste is collected separately by means of either reusable collection containers or certified biodegradable sacks.

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LOCAL PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK IN PROVINCIAL CAPITALS BY MAIN TYPE Years 2011 and 2014, absolute values in kilometers

North 7,964 259 72 8,058 270 100

Centre 6,352 46 37 6,414 61 52

South and the Islands 6,976 25 21 7,015 27 25

ITALY 21,292 330 130 21,487 358 177

Geographical area

Busand trolleybus

Busand trolleybus*

2011 2014

Tram Tram Underground Underground

MUNICIPAL WASTE COLLECTION BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA Year 2014, thousands of tons

SEPARATE WASTE COLLECTION Years 2004 and 2014, thousands of tons

2,153.81,056.4

353.1 991.22,216.0

5,720.8

1,287.7 1,829.21,711.33,154.0

Paper Glass Plastic Organic waste Other

2004 2014

* data refer to 2013

TER

RIT

OR

Y A

ND

ENV

IRO

NM

ENT


Population


POPU

LAT

ION

RESIDENT POPULATION AND POPULATION CHANGE BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREAPopulation on 1 January 2016 and changes in year 2015

RESIDENT POPULATION PROJECTIONS*Years 2020-2065, on 1 January, in thousands

2020 2035 20502025 2040 20552030 2045 2060 2065

62,497

63,081

63,483

63,75063,889 63,846

63,546

62,964

62,169

61,305

* calculated with reference to population at 1 January 2011, without taking into account the Census results and subsequent reconstruction

RESIDENT POPULATION: Italian and foreign citizens having their usual residence in a municipality, even if they were absent on the considered day because they were abroad or in another municipality.NATURAL INCREASE: difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths among the resident population occurred both in Italy and abroad.NET MIGRATION: difference between the number of new registrations and cancellations in population registers due to transfers of residence from/to another municipality, or transfers from/to abroad, or other reasons.

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North 27,754,578 -81,155 35,930

Centre 12,067,803 -38,584 15,750

South and the Islands 20,843,170 -42,052 -19,950

ITALY 60,665,551 -161,791 31,730

Geographical area Resident population Natural increase Net migration


RESIDENT POPULATION PYRAMID BY SEX AND CITIZENSHIP Population on 1 January 2016, percentage values

ITALIAN MALES ITALIAN FEMALES

FOREIGN MALES FOREIGN FEMALES

-1 0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

-0.8 0.2-0.6 0.4-0.4 0.6-0.2 0.80 1


POPU

LAT

ION

LIVE BIRTHS OF PRESENT POPULATION BY SEX Years 1935-2015

Years Males Females Total

1935 510,944 485,764 996,708

1945 419,485 396,193 815,678

1955 446,144 423,189 869,333

1965 508,775 481,683 990,458

1975 426,160 401,692 827,852

1985 296,721 280,624 577,345

1995 270,996 254,613 525,609

2005 283,497 265,613 549,110

2015 243,481 229,980 473,461

LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH BY SEXYears 1961-2065

FEMALESMALES * projection

67.2

1961

72.3

1971

69.0 74.9

1981

71.1 77.9

1991

73.8 80.3

2001

77.8 82.8

2011

79.5 84.4

2014 2015

80.180.3 84.785

2030*

82.8 87.7

2065*

86.6 91.5

1961 2.41

1981 1.60

2001 1.25

2015 1.35

2030 (projection) 1.49

1961 18.3

1981 11.1

2001 9.4

2015 8.0

2030 (projection) 8.1

AVERAGE NUMBER OF CHILDREN PER WOMAN BIRTHS PER 1,000 RESIDENTS

LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH: average number of years a new-born is expected to live.

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AGEING RATIO

38.9 46.161.7

92.5

127.1145.7

157.7 161.4

207.1

257.9

STRUCTURAL DEPENDENCY RATIO

1961

1961

1971

1971

1981

1981

1991

1991

2001

2001

2011

2011

2015

2015

2016

2016

2030*

2030*

2065*

2065*

51.6 55.5 53.1 45.7 48.4 52.8 55.1 55.563.2

82.8

DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORSCensuses 1961-2011, 1 January 2015 and 2016 and projections 2030-2065

RESIDENCE PERMITS: documents issued by the Italian police authorities which give foreigners the right to legally stay in Italy (usually minors are recorded in their parents’ permit). Since 1 January 2008 European citizens no longer need to obtain it, in compliance with the regulation n.2004/38/EC on the right of citizens of the Union to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States.STRUCTURAL DEPENDANCY RATIO: ratio of non-working age population (0-14; 65 and over) to working age population (15-64), per 100.AGEING RATIO: ratio of population aged 65 and over to population aged 0-14, per 100.

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North 2,493,182

Centre 922,288

South and the Islands 515,663

ITALY 3,931,133

RESIDENCE PERMITS ON 1 JANUARY 2016

Census 1961 62,780

Census 1971 121,116

Census 1981 210,937

Census 2001 1,334,889

Census 2011 4,027,627

1 January 2016 5,026,153

FOREIGN RESIDENTS IN ITALY

* projection


MARRIAGES: data refer to marriages celebrated in Italy during the year regardless of the couple’s residence. Marriages with at least one foreign partner are those in which at least one of the spouses is not an Italian citizen. Accordingly, they also include foreigners living in Italy but with foreign nationality.

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POPU

LAT

ION

MARRIAGES AND AVERAGE AGE OF SPOUSESYears 2005-2015, percentage and absolute values

SEPARATIONS AND DIVORCESYears 1971-2015

2005 247,740 32.8 13.3 4.3 34.7 30.1

2006 245,992 34.0 13.9 4.2 34.8 30.4

2007 250,360 34.6 13.9 4.3 34.7 30.7

2008 246,613 36.7 15.0 4.2 35.0 30.9

2009 230,613 37.2 13.9 3.9 35.2 31.1

2010 217,700 36.5 11.5 3.7 35.5 31.4

2011 204,830 39.2 13.0 3.4 35.8 31.7

2012 207,138 41.0 14.8 3.5 36.0 31.9

2013 194,057 42.5 13.4 3.2 36.4 32.3

2014 189,765 43.1 12.8 3.1 36.6 32.6

2015 194,377 45.3 12.4 3.2 37.0 33.0

Total Civil Wih at least one Per 1,000 Males Females marriages foreign partner inhabitants (%) (%)

MARRIAGES AVERAGE AGE OF SPOUSES

1971

11,796

17,134 19,132

29,46235,162

44,018

52,323

71,969

82,29188,191

10,618 11,84415,650

27,038 37,573

47,036

47,03654,160

82,469

91,706

1985 20001975 1990 20051980 1995 2010 2015

SEPARATIONS

DIVORCES


Health


HEA

LTH

SOME NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE INDICATORSYear 2013

CURRENT HEALTH EXPENDITURE BY SECTORYears 2012-2015, values at current prices (billions of euros)

DRUG CONSUMERS* BY AGE GROUPYears 2011-2015, thousands of people

General practitioners 19,025 9,521 16,657 45,203

General practitioner rate* 7.0 8.2 8.1 7.6

Patients per general practitioner 1,270 1,099 1,070 1,160

National Health Service paediatricians 3,263 1,523 2,919 7,705

National Health Service paediatricians rate** 8.6 9.6 9.7 9.2

Patients per paediatrician (<14 years) 941 863 846 890

Non-emergency medical on-call services 785 425 1,680 2,890

On-call physicians 3,154 1,950 6,429 11,533

Local Health Authorities 74 27 42 143

Unified booking centres 66 27 42 135

Indicators North Centre South and the Islands Italy

PUBLIC SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR

143

143

145

147

2012

2013

2014

2015

110

110

111

112

33

33

34

35

* per 10,000 inhabitants ** per 10,000 children aged 0-14

* in the two days preceding the interview

Up to 14 1,224 14.5 1,104 13.0 1,165 13.9

15-34 2,608 19.6 2,437 18.8 2,604 20.3

35-64 9,774 37.8 10,102 38.6 10,341 39.3

65 and over 9,600 79.6 10,330 82.2 10,692 82.1

TOTAL 23,206 38.9 23,974 39.8 24,802 41.0

Absolute values

Absolute values

Absolute values

Age groups

20132011 2015

% population of the

same age

GENERAL PRACTITIONERS: the contract for general practitioners set a maximum limit of 1,500 patients each.PUBLIC SECTOR HEALTH EXPENDITURE: the current operations carried out by the public administrations directly using their production facilities or buying goods and services from private institutions to be granted to citizens under specific agreements (including costs for administrative services, interests, taxes and fees, insurance premiums and contributions).PRIVATE SECTOR HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURE: expenditure incurred by households and/or private insurances for the acquisition of healthcare services of any kind.

g l o s s a r y

TOTAL

% population of the

same age

% population of the

same age


112.9

69.9

4.0

28.5

15.6

66.6

17.1

8.1

10.1

3.2

115.2

5.4

14.1

3.9

40.7

7.3

4.7 3.2

1931

Good health Neurological diseases

Allergic diseases

Heart diseases

Osteoarthritis, arthritis

OsteoporosisHypertensionDiabetes

19711951 1991 20121941 19811961 2001 2013

1931 1971 2013

Neoplasms

75.6

190.4

291.5

Diseases of the circulatory system

188.5

446

367.2

Diseases of the respiratory system

261.4

76.9 69.0

Diseases of the digestive system

224.9

57.6 37.4

Infectious and parasitic diseases

218.2

15.9 21.1

DEATHS BY SOME CAUSESYears 1931, 1971 and 2013, per 100,000 inhabitants

INFANT MORTALITYYears 1931-2013, per 1,000 live births

HEALTH CONDITIONS AND REPORTED CHRONIC DISEASESYear 2015, per 100 persons

INFANT MORTALITY: includes deaths in the first year of age before the first birthday, including those died before the registration of death.

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PERSONS AGED 11 AND OVER BY CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES IN THE YEAR, SEX AND AGE GROUPYears 2005 and 2015, per 100 persons aged 11 and over of the same sex and age group

22.4

7.4

75.7

28.3

84.5

32.0

84.2

27.6

80.4

12.0

82.1

31.0

58.1

16.9

77.9

24.6

52.0

15.0

15.6

6.2

61.0

17.1

60.2

18.3

56.9

19.3

44.7

7.3

11-17

14-17

18-24

18-24

25-44

25-44

45-64

45-64

2005

2001

65 and over

65 and over

2015

2015

OVERWEIGHT OR OBESE PERSONS AGED 18 AND OVER BY SEX AND AGE GROUPYears 2001 and 2015, per 100 persons aged 18 and over of the same sex and age group

PERSONS AGED 14 AND OVER BY SMOKING HABIT, SEX AND AGE GROUPYears 2001 and 2015, per 100 persons of the same sex and age group

MALES

Overweight 27.3 27.3 47.4 46.2 52.0 52.0 44.9 50.9 42.6 44.0

Obese 3.6 4.3 9.8 10.9 12.8 15.6 7.9 11.9 8.7 10.8

FEMALES

Overweight 10.4 13.1 23.9 23.7 39.8 36.4 34.4 38.6 25.9 27.3

Obese 1.9 3.1 7.5 7.2 15.4 13.4 9.6 13.0 8.4 9.0

MALES AND FEMALES

Overweight 18.8 20.3 35.6 34.8 45.5 43.8 38.3 43.6 33.9 35.3

Obese 2.7 3.7 8.6 9.0 14.2 14.4 9.0 12.6 8.5 9.8

2001 2015 2001 2015 2001 2015 2001 2015 2001 2015

18-34 35-54 55-74 75 and over Total

MALES FEMALES

TOTAL 2015

TOTAL 2015

HEA

LTH

MALES FEMALES


Culture


CULT

UR

E

READERS AND LISTENERS BY SEXYear 2015, percentage values

MALES FEMALES

91.7

59.2

52.2

35.0

92.7

56.6

42.2

48.6

TV* watchers

Radio listeners*

Newspapers readers at least once a week**

Book readersin the last 12 months**

19.623.625.7

29.9

19.3

49.7

9.7

20.1

Theatre Archeological sites and

monuments

Other music

concerts

Classical music

concerts

Sport events

Discos, dance halls,

etc.

Museums, exibitions

Cinema

PARTICIPANTS TO EVENTS AND ENTERTAINMENTS*Year 2015, per 100 persons aged 6 and over

NUMBER OF VISITORS OF MUSEUMS AND SIMILAR STATE-OWNEDAND NOT STATE-OWNED INSTITUTES Year 2015, absolute values and percentage compositions*

* per 100 persons aged 3 and over

** per 100 persons aged 6 and over

* at least once during the year

TYPE

Museums, galleries and/or collections 15,665,676 43,932,327 59,598,003 33.2 69.3 53.9

Archeological sites and parks 7,456,601 4,095,947 11,552,548 15.8 6.5 10.4

Monuments or monumental compounds 24,025,875 15,390,839 39,416,714 51.0 24.3 35.6

GEOGRAPHICAL AREA

North 6,248,448 32,174,154 38,422,602 13.3 50.7 34.8

Centre 31,442,427 19,486,608 50,929,035 66.7 30.7 46.1

South and the Islands 9,457,277 11,758,351 21,215,628 20.1 18.5 19.2

ITALY 47,148,152 63,419,113 110,567,265 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total*** Total***State-owned**

State-owned**

Not-state owned

Not-state owned

* values refer to 4,815 units that completed the questionnaire

** museums belonging to the Ministry of culture

*** the overall number of visitors comes from registered or estimated data


Education


EDU

CAT

ION

SCHOOLS, CLASSES AND STUDENTS BY TYPE OF SCHOOLSchool year 2014/2015

ENROLMENT RATE IN UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATIONSchool years 1990/1991 - 2014/2015, ratio of students enrolled to resident populationaged 14-18, per 100 persons

* pre-primary values refer to sections

** the indicator is calculated for public schools only

Schools 23,724 17,256 8,112 7,002

Classes* 72,057 147,010 82,129 128,276

Students 1,637,110 2,820,696 1,738,729 2,689,267

% of female students 47.9 48.4 48.0 48.5

% of students enrolled in public schools 71.5 93.5 96.3 95.8

Foreigners per 100 students enrolled 10.3 10.3 9.6 7.0

Repeaters per 100 students enrolled — 0.4 3.2 7.5

Teachers** 82,131 200,772 138,768 208,757

Students per teacher** 12.2 12.8 11.8 12.1

Pre-primary Primary Lower secondary

Upper secondary

* starting from 2005/2006 school year the reference population is that resulting from the Population Census 2011

68.3

1990/1991

93.0

2005/2006*

93.0

2011/2012

93.0

2013/2014

93.1

2012/2013

93.1

2014/2015

THE SCHOOL SYSTEM IS DIVIDED INTO SIX LEVELS:• pre-primary education• primary education• lower secondary• upper secondary• non-tertiary post-secondary (i.e. upper Technical education and training, regional-funded post diploma courses)• tertiary (university, doctoral and specialisation courses, Institutes of high Training in art and music).ENROLMENT RATE IN UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION: ratio of students enrolled to resident population aged 14-18, per 100. From school year 2006/2007 to 2009/2010 the indicator includes data on students of first and second classes of vocational schools of the Autonomous province of Bolzano (under the 2007 Budget law).

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POPULATION AGED 25-64 BY EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION AND SEX Year 2015, percentage compositions

PRIMARY SCHOOL LICENCE6.3%

LOWER SECONDARY LICENCE36.0%

2-3 YEARS UPPER SECONDARY DIPLOMA6.8%

4-5 YEARS UPPER

SECONDARY DIPLOMA

35.6%

UNIVERSITY DEGREE

15.3%

MALES FEMALES

ACTUAL AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE* ON EDUCATIONAL SERVICESYear 2015, euros

927789

480751

389 396 475 410246 270

160

234

North Centre South and the Islands Italy

SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY FEES

PRIVATE LESSONS

SCHOOL TRANSPORT

* annual actual average expenditure for the households buying services

UNIVERSITY DEGREE

19.8%

PRIMARY SCHOOL LICENCE8.2%

LOWER SECONDARY LICENCE30.5%

4-5 YEARS UPPER

SECONDARY DIPLOMA

34.9%

2-3 YEARS UPPER SECONDARY DIPLOMA6.6%


UNIVERSITY ENTRANCE RATE OF YOUNG PEOPLE AGED 19 BY SEXAcademic years 2004/2005-2013/2014, students enrolled per 100 persons aged 19

MALES

FEMALES

TOTAL

2004/2005

25.5

38.1

31.6

2005/2006

24.3

37.6

30.8

2006/2007

25.2

39.1

32.0

26.0

40.6

33.1

2007/2008

24.5

38.6

31.3

2008/2009

24.8

38.2

31.3

2009/2010

2010/2011

23.4

35.6

29.3

2011/2012

23.7

36.2

29.7

2012/2013

24.9

36.4

29.8

2013/2014

24.1

35.0

29.4

EDU

CAT

ION


UNIVERSITY NEW ENTRANTS, ENROLLED STUDENTS AND GRADUATES BY FIELD OF STUDYAcademic years 2013/2014, absolute values and percentage changes

Maths and physical science 9,303 2.3 51,368 0.0 8,288 0.8

Chemistry and Pharmacy 10,159 -10.2 69,642 -3.3 8,485 6.7

Life and natural sciences 13,331 -12.1 73,451 -6.0 14,041 -2.9

Medicine 23,241 5.1 168,452 1.5 32,035 3.9

Engineering 34,110 -0.6 210,034 1.1 35,929 0.4

Architecture 9,258 -6.2 86,576 -6.6 17,724 2.0

Agriculture 8,881 6.6 45,026 3.9 5,876 5.1

Economics and statistics 35,800 -1.5 227,654 -2.2 46,990 3.7

Political and social sciences 23,900 5.1 156,296 -4.3 32,895 -2.4

Law 23,240 -7.7 187,781 -3.7 19,374 2.1

Humanities 16,428 2.0 124,836 -3.7 26,309 1.0

Languages 18,957 4.9 96,263 0.7 18,042 2.6

Education 11,952 0.6 81,728 -2.9 15,819 2.2

Psychology 7,775 1.3 64,237 -1.5 14,484 0.9

Physical training 5,856 9.3 31,671 3.9 5,356 3.8

Army 266 -3.6 1,940 0.7 584 -3.2

TOTAL 252,457 -0.5 1,676,955 -1.9 302,231 1.6

Total Total Total% change on previous year

% change on previous year

% change on previous year

NEW ENTRANTS*

GROUP OF COURSES

ENROLLED STUDENTS GRADUATES**

* data refer to students enrolled for the first time. Students who have interrupted or completed another academic year are not included** data refer to Bachelor’s and Master’s degree graduates (both from two-year and single cycle degree courses)

THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM: the university system is divided into three cycles. The first cycle includes three-year courses leading to the new Bacherlor’s degree. The second cycle, leading to the Master’s degree, includes second-level courses which can be of two years duration (they can be accessed with the Bachelor’s degree) or have a long single cycle structure (they can be accessed with an upper secondary school diploma and last 5-6 years: Architecture-Civil Engineering, Pharmacy, Dentistry, Veterinary Science, Law, Medicine, Primary education sciences and Chemistry and Farmacy). The third cycle includes three-year courses which can be accessed with the Master’s degree and lead to the Doctoral degree. Although decreasing, some courses of the old system still exist, i.e. those lasting 4-6 years leading to the Master’s degree and those lasting 3 years leading to the Bachelor’s degree.

g l o s s a r y


EDU

CAT

ION

GRADUATES AND UNIVERSITY GRADUATES OF 2011 BY CONDITION IN THE LABOUR MARKET IN 2015Percentage values

GRADUATES

UNIVERSITY GRADUATES

GRADUATES AND UNIVERSITY GRADUATES BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA*Year 2013, absolute values

* the geographical area considered is where the university is located

North 137,128

Centre 74,463

South and the Islands 90,640

ITALY 302,231

62.6

72.880.3 84.5

12.314.71.3 0.9

2.33.7

19.7

4.62.9

56.741.8

26.8

45.1

28.3

20.9

5.7

16.6

53.4

3.2

26.6

28.1

3.4

24.2

15.8

3.3

First-cycle Second-cycle unique Two-year specialistsecond-cycle

High schoolsVocational schools Technical schools Colleges for teacher Arts schools

WORKS SEEKS JOB STUDIES OTHER CONDITION

27.6

6.13.7


Labour


LAB

OU

R

LABOUR FORCE BY WORKING STATUS, SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYear 2015, thousands of persons*

EMPLOYED BY SECTOR OF ACTIVITYYears 2005-2015, percentage compositions

Males Females Total

EMPLOYED

North 6,589 5,075 11,664

Centre 2,712 2,139 4,851

South and the Islands 3,784 2,166 5,950

ITALY 13,085 9,380 22,465

JOB-SEEKERS

North 518 505 1,023

Centre 306 272 578

South and the Islands 846 586 1,432

ITALY 1,669 1,364 3,033

LABOUR FORCE

North 7,106 5,580 12,687

Centre 3,017 2,411 5,429

South and the Islands 4,630 2,752 7,383

ITALY 14,754 10,744 25,498

* differences in overall sum are due to the rounding of absolute values

AGRICULTURE4.2% INDUSTRY

30.7%

SERVICES65.1%

2005


26.6%

SERVICES69.6%

20152010


28.6%

SERVICES67.6%

LABOUR FORCE SURVEY: provides official estimates of employed, job-seekers and main labour market aggregates. Data are collected through 260,000 interviews carried out more than once every year on a sample of 160,000 resident households (about 310,000 individuals). People permanently living abroad, in communities, religious institutes, barracks and similar are not included in the survey. Since 2004, the survey has been carried out on a “continuous” basis as data are collected every week of the year, although results are published monthly and every three months.LABOUR FORCE: includes persons employed and job-seekers.

g l o s s a r y


PERSONS EMPLOYED BY OCCUPATION, SECTOR OF ACTIVITY AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYear 2015, thousands of persons*


AGRICULTURE

Employees 108 61 260 429

Self-employed 210 58 146 414

TOTAL 318 119 406 843

INDUSTRY

Employees 3,062 842 933 4,837

Self-employed 635 239 265 1,139

TOTAL 3,697 1,081 1,198 5,976

SERVICES

Employees 5,772 2,742 3,208 11,722

Self-employed 1,877 909 1,139 3,924

TOTAL 7,649 3,651 4,347 15,646

TOTAL

Employees 8,942 3,645 4,400 16,988

Self-employed 2,722 1,205 1,550 5,477

TOTAL 11,664 4,851 5,950 22,465


PERSONS EMPLOYED BY OCCUPATIONYears 2005 and 2015, percentage compositions

SELF-EMPLOYED26.7%

SELF-EMPLOYED24.4%

EMPLOYEES73.3%

EMPLOYEES75.6%

2005 2015


EMPLOYED BY ACTUAL WEEKLY HOURS WORKED AND SECTOR OF ACTIVITYYear 2015, percentage values

Agriculture 4.6 2.8 18.5 72.0 26.7 2.2

Industry 9.3 1.1 11.4 77.1 55.3 1.1

Services 8.2 3.4 26.0 61.0 24.2 1.4

TOTAL 8.4 2.7 21.9 65.7 32.6 1.3

Absentfrom work

Sectorof activity

Up to10 hours Total

31 HOURS AND OVER

11-30hours

(of which: 40 hours)

Notavailable

PERSONS EMPLOYED: all individuals aged 15 and over that in the reference week: • have carried out at least 1 hour’s paid work• have carried out at least 1 hour’s unpaid work in a family business they usually work in • are absent from work (i.e. for holidays or illness).JOB-SEEKERS: all individuals aged 15-74 that:• have been active on job search in the 30 days preceding the interview and are available to start work within two weeks from the

interview• will begin a new work within three months from interview and are available to start work within two weeks from the interview.

g l o s s a r y

PERSONS EMPLOYED BY OCCUPATION AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTYear 2015, thousands of persons*


FULL TIME PART TIME

TOTAL: 22,465

18,298 4,166

EMPLOYEES: 16,988

13,642 3,346

SELF-EMPLOYED: 5,477

4,657 820

LAB

OU

R


LABOUR INDICATORS BY SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREA Year 2015, percentage values

78.5 77.1

66.7

74.1

62.7 61.0

39.3

54.1

70.6 68.9

52.9

64.0


MALES

FEMALES

TOTAL

ACTIVITY RATES BY SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYear 2015, percentage values

SEX

Males 74.1 65.5 11.3

Females 54.1 47.2 12.7

GEOGRAPHICAL AREA

North 70.6 64.8 8.1

Centre 68.9 61.4 10.6

South and the Islands 52.9 42.5 19.4

ITALY 64.0 56.3 11.9

TOTAL 11.3 12.7 11.9

Aged 15-24 38.8 42.6 40.3

Long term 6.6 7.4 6.9

Activity rate(15-64)

Males Females Total

Employment rate(15-64)

Unemployment rate

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES Year 2015, percentage values


ACTIVITY RATE: ratio of labour force to the correspondent reference population.EMPLOYMENT RATE: ratio of the employed to the correspondent reference population.UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: ratio of job-seekers to labour force.LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: ratio of job-seekers for more than 12 months to labour force.PARA SUBORDINATES: coordinated and continuous workers with or without the project, and occasional service providers are included.

g l o s s a r y

PARA SUBORDINATES BY SECTOR OF ACTIVITY, SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYear 2015, values in thousands and percentage compositions

TOTAL PARA SUBORDINATES349,000

LAB

OU

R

SOUTH AND THE ISLANDS24.4%

CENTRE26.6%

NORTH49.0%

GEOGRAPHICAL AREA

SERVICES87.1%

INDUSTRY11.3%

SECTOR OF ACTIVITY

AGRICULTURE1.6%

FEMALES55.1%

MALES44.9%

SEX


Welfare


Disability, old age Compensatory Assistance Total and length of service, survivors’

Number (thousands) 17,963 768 4,364 23,095

Total amounts (millions of euros) 253,565 4,402 22,315 280,282

Average yearly amount (euros) 14,116 5,732 4,939 12,136

Expenditure/Gdp 15.44 0.27 1.36 17.06

Retirement rate 29.55 1.26 7.18 37.99

Relative benefit index 52.25 21.22 18.93 44.92

North 7,626,587 18,257 7,593,559 18,599

Centre 3,176,296 18,573 3,157,400 18,843

South and the Islands 5,024,688 15,385 5,010.667 15,569

ITALY* 15,827,571 17,409 15,761,626 17,685

PENSIONSYear 2015

TOTAL EXPENDITURE FOR PENSIONSYears 1971-2015

PENSIONERS AND AVERAGE ANNUAL GROSS PENSION INCOMES BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYears 2014 and 2015

Geographical area

2014 2015

Average income (euro)

Number Number Average income (euro)

* the total does not include pensioners residing abroad and a few cases for which it was not possible to identify the residence

DISABILITY, OLD AGE, LENGTH OF SERVICE AND SURVIVORS’ PENSIONS: paid in case of impaired work abilities; due to age limits or at the end of a full insurance career; to survivors in case of death of the pensioner or insured person provided that all insurance and contribution requirements are met.COMPENSATORY PENSIONS: indemnities paid by reason of impairment or death (to survivors in this case) caused by an event occurred on the job.SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PENSIONS: include non-contributory pensions, social allowances, pensions for the blind and partially-sighted, for the deaf and the invalid and war.RETIREMENT RATE: per cent ratio of pensions to resident population on 31 December of the reference year. RELATIVE BENEFIT INDEX: per cent ratio of average amount of pension to Gdp per inhabitant.

g l o s s a r y

16.66 16.83 16.63 16.85 17.17 17.06

2014 20152013201220112010

7.83

1971

11.6513.09

14.6216.69

2009200119911981

WELFA

RE


Justice


STAFF OF THE JUDICIARY BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYear 2014

LITIGATION RATE BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYears 2008 and 2014

North 3,189 2,975 13,366 10,537 1,481 605

Centre 1,752 1,778 8,036 6,545 803 327

South and the Islands 4,183 3,878 18,423 16,343 2,406 1,110

Central offices***** 526 413 2,682 2,074 —

TOTAL 9,650 9,044 42,507 35,499 4,690 2,042

Establishment posts

Establishment posts

Establishment posts

MAGISTRATES* TECHNICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF**

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE***

Occupied posts

Occupied posts

Occupied posts****

Geographical area

* values of the establishment staff refer to the one distributed in the courts out of a total of 10,151 set by law

** the total workforce of technical and administrative staff is different from the one of 2013 due to the natural decline resulting from retirement not covered by new recruitments and to particular transitional situations related to the judicial reorganization implemented by the Legislative Decree no. 155/12

*** there are honorary magistrates who serve as Justice of the Peace while having no service relationship with the Ministry of Justice because they actually exercise only honorary roles

**** honorary magistrates who served in the offices of the Justice of the Peace in 2014

***** national offices: Ministry of Justice, High Court for public water, Anti-mafia national department, Supreme Court and General Attorney of Supreme Court

2008

2014

North

56.549.0

Centre

83.3

65.4

South and the Islands

102.2

75.4

Italy

82.6

61.3

JUST

ICE

PROTESTS BY TYPE OF CREDIT INSTRUMENTSYears 2011-2014

2011 981,019 62,853 341,544 1,385,416

2012 1,032,974 62,527 312,570 1,408,071

2013 951,296 53,232 230,142 1,234,670

2014 741,982 39,098 170,724 951,804

Promissory notes*Years Bank checks***

BILLS

Bill of exchanges**Total

* ordinary bills include IOUs or cashier’s cheques and accepted drafts

** bills of exchange include not accepted drafts and sight drafts

*** bank and postal cheques


Filed 5,934,209 138,568 5,539,978 161,895

Closed 5,601,485 130,196 5,408,189 161,013

Pending at the end of the year 5,315,418 174,171 4,633,714 300,476

First instanceCriminal cases

2008 2014

Second instance Second instanceFirst instance

CRIMINAL CASES BY LEVEL OF COURTYears 2008 and 2014

CRIMES REPORTED BY POLICE FORCES TO JUDICIAL AUTHORITIESYears 2011-2014

* data for 2013 do not include 366 victims of the Lampedusa shipwreck of 3 October 2013

** articles 648 bis and 648 ter of the Criminal Code

*** articles 314, 316,316 bis, 316 ter, 317, 318, 319, 319 ter, 320, 321, 322, 322 bis of the Criminal Code

Crimes 2011 2012 2013 2014

Intentional homicides* 550 528 502 475

Attempted homicides 1,401 1,327 1,222 1,250

Unintentional homicides 1,783 1,716 1,597 1,633

Culpable injuries 68,500 69,527 66,317 66,178

Assaults 15,196 15,659 15,606 15,285

Threats 83,316 86,347 86,294 85,211

Kidnapping 1,443 1,474 1,353 1,278

Rapes 4,617 4,689 4,488 4,257

Thefts 1,460,205 1,520,623 1,554,777 1,573,213

Robberies 40,549 42,631 43,754 39,236

Extorsions 6,099 6,478 6,884 8,222

Swindles and computer frauds 105,692 116,767 140,614 133,261

Laundering** 1,350 1,685 1,891 1,604

Receiving stolen goods 23,773 25,080 25,275 24,935

Damaging 398,521 364,435 341,152 279,277

Arson 12,980 13,170 7,388 6,855

Drugs 34,034 33,852 33,578 33,246

Embezzlement, misappropriation, corruption*** 1,300 1,527 1,420 1,346

Abuse of office 1,196 1,259 1,144 1,254

Other crimes 500,507 510,060 556,899 534,920

TOTAL 2,763,012 2,818,834 2,892,155 2,812,936


CRIMINAL CASE: proceeding aimed at ascertaining and sanctioning criminal responsibility for an offence. Data refer to filed, closed and pending proceedings handled by all first and second instance legal offices during the various procedural stages. Hence, each proceeding could be counted more than once depending on the office that handled it.LITIGATION RATE: ratio of first instance civil cases filed with the Justice of Peace or Ordinary Courts in the year to average resident population, per 1,000.PROTEST NOTE: a formal notorial certificate attesting that a check or bill of exchange has been presented for acceptance or payment and that it has been refused (Code of Civil Procedure).FILED PROCEEDINGS: they include recently registered proceedings and the ones aimed to assume again or carrying forward interrupted, suspended or cancelled causes.CLOSED PROCEEDINGS: they include the proceedings defined in the reference period with a published final sentence, those closed for reunification to another cause and the ones defined in different ways by the sentence (decree or order, including interrupted, suspended and cancelled causes at the date of the proceeding or that of its publication).PENDING PROCEEDINGS: proceedings for which no definition in the reference period is arrived yet.JUDICIAL AUTHORITY: the authority in charge of the administration of criminal, civil and administrative justice.CRIME: offence for which the main penalty of imprisonment, fine and some accessory penalties (i.e. interdiction from Public Offices) are provided. DETAINEE: person indicted or sentenced under measures restricting freedom, held in prison in pre-trial detention or serving a sentence.INMATE: person sentenced to detention in special institutions (criminal psychiatric hospitals, treatment and surveillance centres, agricultural colonies or workhouses).

g l o s s a r y

JUST

ICE

DETAINEES AND INMATES* AT THE END OF THE YEAR Years 1936-2015, per 100,000 inhabitants

129.1

1936

68.2

1956

53.2

1976

84.5

1996

110.1

2012

88.2

2014

102.9

2013 2015

86.0

* minors are not included


Livingconditions


LIVIN

G CO

ND

ITIO

NS

1968 37.4% 62.6%

1980 31.6% 68.4%

2015 17.7% 82.3%

FOOD NON-FOOD

AVERAGE MONTHLY EXPENDITURE BY HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND CHAPTERYear 2015, percentage composition to total expenditure(a)

AVERAGE MONTHLY EXPENDITURE BY HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND CONSUMPTION GROUPYears 1968-2015, percentage compositions

Single person under 35 13.7 5.4 40.5 1.7 13.7 6.0 18.8 1,674.65

Single person 35 to 64 14.0 4.5 43.1 3.1 13.3 5.5 16.7 1,985.08

Single person over 64 17.4 2.8 54.2 6.1 6.4 3.7 9.4 1,641.43

Couple without children with r.p. under 35 14.3 5.3 35.4 2.7 16.0 7.8 18.1 2,424.89

Couple without children with r.p. 35-64 15.6 4.6 38.3 4.6 15.3 5.2 16.3 2,833.09

Couple without children with r.p. 65 and over 19.0 3.4 45.9 6.5 9.6 4.1 11.4 2,538.77

Couple with 1 child 18.0 5.0 36.2 4.5 15.0 6.1 15.2 2,973.94

Couple with 2 children 18.8 5.7 34.2 3.9 15.6 7.0 14.8 3,167.70

Couple with 3 or more children 20.4 6.3 32.5 3.8 15.1 8.1 13.7 3,350.24

Single parent 18.1 4.4 40.1 3.9 13.2 5.8 14.4 2,439.11

Other types 20.0 4.9 39.6 4.3 13.5 5.0 12.7 2,661.35

TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 17.7 4.6 40.3 4.5 13.1 5.7 14.2 2,499.37

Food Clothing and

footwear

Housing* Health services

Transportand

Commu-nications

Leisure time and

Education **

Other***

Averagemonthly

expenditure(€)

(a) The sum of the expenditure items can diverge from 100 because of rounded numbers

* it includes: housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels; furniture, home items and services

** it includes: leisure time, entertainment and culture, education

*** it includes: alcoholic drinks and tobacco; accommodation services and catering; other goods and services


HOUSEHOLDS’ AVERAGE MONTHLY EXPENDITURE BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYear 2015, euros

North

2,804

Centre

2,600


1,977

Italy

2,499

AVERAGE ACTUAL EXPENDITURE FOR DURABLE GOODS BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYear 2015, euros

HOUSEHOLD BUDGET SURVEY: it was completely renewed in 2014. As deep changes have been introduced in every stage of the process, time comparisons can be only made by using reconstructed data and not previously disseminated data.AVERAGE MONTHLY EXPENDITURE: average consumption expenditure incurred by resident households each month. It is calculated by dividing the total expenditure by the number of resident households in Italy.AVERAGE ACTUAL EXPENDITURE: it is calculated by dividing the households’ total expenditure for a good (or service) by the number of households that have purchased the same good (or service).REFERENCE PERSON (R.P.): the family head as recorded in the Register Office.

g l o s s a r y

Dishwashers 474 456 457 467

Air conditioners, climate controls, dehumidifiers 989 864 554 858

Televisions and decoders 339 403 324 347

Personal computers and tablet PCs 430 445 387 423

Mobile phones, including smartphones 262 258 207 246

E-book readers and digital photo frames 108 99 90 104

New cars 16,170 14,529 15,284 15,648

Goods North Centre South and the Islands Italy


TECHNOLOGICAL GOODS OWNED BY HOUSEHOLDS Years 1997 and 2015, per 100 households

1997 2015

2005 2015

Mobile phone Personal computer Internet access Satellite dish

27.3

94.1

16.7

63.9

2.3

66.2

33.0

LIVIN

G CO

ND

ITIO

NS

MEANS OF TRANSPORT USED TO TRAVEL TO WORK Years 1996-2015, per 100 persons employed aged 15 and over that travel to work

Means of transport 1996 1999 2002 2007 2009 2012 2015

Train 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.1

Tram, bus 5.0 5.5 5.1 5.5 5.3 4.9 5.2

Underground 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.5 2.9 2.9 2.9

Coach 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.1 2.5 2.5

Car 70.9 72.0 73.2 74.4 74.6 74.5 74.2

Motorcycle, motorbike 4.3 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.1 4.1

Bicycle 3.0 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.9 3.5

Walking 12.7 11.8 11.1 11.2 11.2 11.5 11.8

CONSUMERS OF SOME FOOD AT LEAST ONCE A DAY Years 2005 and 2015, per 100 persons aged 3 and over

77.3 75.4

58.8 59.6

40.845.548.9 52.6

60.754.9

87.180.9

Bread, pasta and rice

Milk Greens Vegetables Fruit Fish*

* at least sometime during the week


Economy


ECON

OM

Y

CURRENT PRICES

Gdp at market prices 1,613,265 1,604,599 1,620,381 1,642,444

Imports of goods and services (Fob) 445,237 426,888 428,997 443,149

Total resources 2,058,502 2,031,487 2,049,378 2,085,593

Domestic consumption 1,309,173 1,296,296 1,300,113 1,312,808

Gross fixed capital formation 296,166 276,668 269,330 273,364

Changes in inventories -10,642 -6,418 2,775 3,890

Valuables 2,632 1,812 1,867 1,851

Exports of goods and services (Fob) 461,174 463,129 475,292 493,680

Total uses 2,058,502 2,031,487 2,049,378 2,085,593

CHAIN-LINKED VOLUMES (IN MONETARY TERMS) WITH REFERENCE YEAR 2010

Gdp at market prices 1,568,274 1,541,172 1,542,588 1,553,876

Imports of goods and services (Fob) 402,755 393,242 406,164 430,733

Total resources 1,970,088 1,933,340 1,948,094 1,984,033

Domestic consumption 1,257,227 1,232,845 1,234,359 1,246,831

Gross fixed capital formation 284,720 265,832 257,846 261,096

Changes in inventories — — — —

Valuables 2,118 1,456 1,525 1,511

Exports of goods and services (Fob) 434,987 438,035 450,619 469,778

Total uses 1,970,087 1,933,339 1,948,093 1,984,032

2012 2013 2014 2015

RESOURCES AND USES ACCOUNTYears 2012-2015, millions of euros

VALUE ADDED AT BASIC PRICES BY SECTOR OF ACTIVITYYears 1995 and 2015, percentage compositions

* millions of euros at current prices

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AT MARKET PRICES (GDP): final result of production activities of resident units. GDP at market prices is the sum of final uses of goods and services (domestic consumption and gross capital formation) plus exports and less imports of goods and services.VALUE ADDED AT BASIC PRICES: difference between total production and intermediate consumption used in production, net of taxes and gross of subsidies on products.

g l o s s a r y

AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY

AND FISHING3.3%

AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY

AND FISHING2.2%INDUSTRY (EXCLUDING

CONSTRUCTION)23.9%

INDUSTRY (EXCLUDING CONSTRUCTION)18.8%

CONSTRUCTION5.2%

CONSTRUCTION4.8%

SERVICES67.6%

SERVICES74.2%

1995 2015

Value added*: 890,136 Value added*: 1,475,047


EXPENDITURESEmployment income 166,142 164,784 163,525 161,453Intermediate consumption 87,023 89,579 88,401 89,248Social benefits in kind directly purchased on the market 43,345 43,552 44,235 44,145Social benefits in money 311,442 319,688 326,863 332,985Other current expenditures 63,479 66,065 67,678 63,777Interests payable 83,566 77,568 74,337 68,216Total current expenditures 754,997 761,236 765,039 759,824Gross fixed capital formation 41,422 38,508 36,697 36,770Grants for investment and other capital transfers 22,455 15,943 23,429 31,186Total capital expenditures 63,877 54,451 60,126 67,956Total expenditures 818,874 815,687 825,165 827,780REVENUES Market production of for own final consumption 34,246 36,574 36,758 37,901 Direct and indirect taxes 486,506 480,733 486,903 492,340 Social contributions 215,837 215,289 214,360 218,552Other current revenues 29,148 30,556 31,660 30,559 Total current revenues 765,737 763,152 769,681 779,352 Total capital revenues 5,921 9,317 7,002 5,497 Total revenues 771,658 772,469 776,683 784,849 CURRENT BALANCE 10,740 1,916 4,642 19,528GOVERNMENT DEFICIT -47,216 -43,218 -48,482 -42,931PRIMARY BALANCE 36,350 34,350 25,855 25,285

2012 2013 2014 2015

NON FINANCIAL CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNT OF GENERAL GOVERNMENTYears 2012-2015, millions of euros

GOVERNMENT DEBTYears 2005-2015, percentage on GDP

GOVERNMENT FINANCE BALANCESYears 1995-2015, percentage on GDP

GENERAL GOVERNMENT: includes all institutional units whose main function is to produce non-market services for individual and collective consumption and to perform operations of redistribution of national income and wealth. Their activities are mainly financed by compulsory payments made by units belonging to other sectors.GOVERNMENT DEBT: the amount of General Government liabilities (EU definition). Calculations are made according to the methodological criteria set by the Council Regulation (EC) no. 3605/93.GOVERNMENT DEFICIT (OR NET LENDING/NET BORROWING): the difference between revenues and expenditure is the balancing item in the account. It is the sum of current balance and capital balance.PRIMARY BALANCE: net lending(+)/net borrowing (-) less consolidated interest expenditure.

g l o s s a r y

101.9

2005

3.9

-7.3

1995

123.3

2012

0.3

-4.2

2005

129.0

2013

2.3

-2.9

2012

131.9

2014

2.1

-2.7

2013

132.3

2015

1.6

-3.0

2014

1.5

-2.6

2015

PRIMARY BALANCE

GOVERNMENT DEFICIT


Austria -1.0 85.5 0.8 71.1Belgium -2.5 105.8 0.6 61.8Cyprus -1.1 107.5 -1.5 62.7Finland -2.8 63.6 -0.2 68.5France -3.5 96.2 0.1 63.8Germany 0.7 71.2 0.1 74.0Greece -7.5 177.4 -1.1 50.8Ireland -1.9 78.6 0.0 63.3Italy -2.6 132.3 0.1 56.3Luxembourg 1.6 22.1 0.1 66.1Malta -1.4 64.0 1.2 63.9Netherlands -1.9 65.1 0.2 74.1Portugal -4.4 129.0 0.5 63.9Slovakia -2.7 52.5 -0.3 62.7Slovenia -2.7 83.1 -0.8 65.2Spain -5.1 99.8 -0.6 57.8Bulgaria -1.7 26.0 -1.1 62.9Croatia -3.3 86.7 -0.3 55.8Denmark -1.7 40.4 0.2 73.5Estonia 0.1 10.1 0.1 71.9Latvia -1.3 36.3 0.2 68.1Lithuania -0.2 42.7 -0.7 67.2Poland -2.6 51.1 -0.7 62.9United Kingdom -4.3 89.1 0.0 72.7Czech Republic -0.6 40.3 0.3 70.2Romania -0.8 37.9 -0.4 61.4Sweden 0.2 43.9 0.7 75.5Hungary -1.6 74.7 0.1 63.9Euro area (19 Countries) -2.1 90.4 0.0 64.5EU28 -2.4 85.0 0.0 65.6

SOME INDICATORS IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIESYear 2015, percentage values

FISCAL DRAG IN SOME EUROPEAN COUNTRIESYears 2011-2015, percentage on Gdp

EURO AREA: since 1 January 2001 is constituted by Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal and Spain; Slovenia joined on 1 January 2007, Cyprus and Malta on 1 January 2008, Slovakia on 1 January 2009, Estonia on 1 January 2011, Latvia on 1 January 2014, and Lithuania on 1 January 2015.EUROPEAN UNION: since 2015 it is constituted by 28 Countries, the 19 Euro Countries plus Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Poland, United Kingdom, Czech Republic, Romania, Sweden and Hungary.

g l o s s a r y

Government deficit Government debt Inflation rate Employment rate (% on Gdp) (% on Gdp)

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

SPAINUNITED KINGDOM

GERMANYEURO 19ITALY

FRANCE50

40

35

45

30

ECON

OM

Y


Prices


PRICES

PRICE INDICESYear 2015, trend percentage changes

* excluding tobaccos

-2.6

General index

0.4

Consumer goods

0.5

Capital goods

0.1

NIC

-0.4

Intermediate goods

-0.1

FOI*

CONSUMER PRICESOUTPUT PRICES

-10.0

Energy

0.1

HICP

CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (NIC) BY CHAPTER OF EXPENDITURE AND PRODUCT TYPEYears 2011-2015, trend percentage change

Food and non-alcoholic beverages 2.4 2.5 2.4 0.1 1.1Alcoholic beverages and tobacco 3.5 5.9 1.5 0.4 2.7Clothing and footwear 1.7 2.6 0.8 0.6 0.4Housing, water, electricity gas and other fuels 5.1 7.1 2.0 0.0 -0.8Furnishings, household items and services 1.7 2.1 1.2 0.9 0.4Health services 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.4Transport 6.2 6.5 1.1 0.7 -2.7Communications -1.2 -1.5 -5.1 -7.3 -1.1Recreation and culture 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.2Education 2.3 2.2 2.6 1.4 1.7Hotels and restaurants 2.2 1.5 1.4 0.9 1.3Miscellaneous goods and services 3.2 2.3 1.2 0.0 0.2General index 2.8 3.0 1.2 0.2 0.1Goods 3.1 3.8 0.9 -0.3 -0.5Services 2.3 2.2 1.5 0.9 0.6

2011Chapter of expenditure and product type 2012 2013 2014 2015

OUTPUT PRICE INDEX: refers to changes in time of prices applied by industrial enterprises, excluding construction companies. CONSUMER PRICE INDEX: measures the variations in time of prices of a “basket” of goods and services. Istat calculates the following three consumer price indices: • consumer price index for the whole nation (NIC), based on the entire present population’s consumptions • consumer price index for blue- and white-collar worker households (FOI) based on consumptions of households having an

employee as reference person • harmonised index of consumer prices (HICP), which refers to households’ consumption of goods and services and gives

comparable measures of inflation at the European level.GOODS AND SERVICES BY PURCHASE FREQUENCY: • high: food and beverages, tobaccos, rent, fuels • medium: clothing, electricity, water and waste disposal rates, medicines, books • low: household appliances, transport means, audiovisual, photographic and computer equipment.

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CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (NIC) BY PRODUCT TYPE AND PURCHASE FREQUENCY2005/2015 percentage changes

16.5

Goods

20.118.2

Services

General index

24.6

High

16.1

Medium

PRODUCT TYPE PURCHASE FREQUENCY

10.2

Low


Foreign trade


FOR

EIGN

TR

AD

E

IMPORTS AND EXPORTS BY SECTOR OF ACTIVITYYears 2014 and 2015, absolute values in millions of euros

ITALY’S MAIN TRADING PARTNERSYear 2015*, absolute values in millions of euros

Products of agriculture, forestry and fishing 12,959 5,936 13,721 6,604

Mining and quarrying products 48,254 1,178 39,170 1,157

Food, beverages and tobacco 28,958 28,395 29,076 30,253

Textiles, clothing, leather and accessories 28,770 47,235 30,357 48,023

Wood and wood products; paper and printing 9,455 8,005 9,974 8,328

Coke and refined petroleum products 10,167 14,057 7,328 12,455

Chemicals and chemical products 34,295 25,977 35,109 27,028

Pharmaceutical, medicinal chemical and botanical products 19,827 20,933 22,106 21,872

Rubber and plastics products and other non-metallicmineral products 12,339 23,787 12,958 24,771

Basic metals and fabricated metal products excludingmachinery and equipments 36,012 44,623 37,989 43,711

Computer, electronic and optical equipment 23,041 12,091 25,303 13,417

Electrical equipment 13,617 20,829 15,425 21,938

Machinery and equipment n.e.c. 23,893 74,142 25,969 75,767

Transport equipment 32,158 40,061 39,073 45,137

Other manufactured products 11,324 22,638 12,736 24,324

Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 1,926 187 2,264 272

Other products n.e.c 9,946 8,798 10,158 8,823

TOTAL 356,939 398,870 368,715 413,881

Sectors of activity Imports Imports

2014 2015*

Exports Exports

FOREIGN TRADE STATISTICS: are based on the results of the surveys on Italian trade with EU and non-EU countries. The former, in accordance with the Intrastat system (introduced in January 1993), is carried out on a monthly basis with quarterly and yearly integrations. Data are provided directly by competent Custom offices. The survey on Italian trade with non-EU countries, based on custom declarations (single administrative document), is carried out on a monthly basis.

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COUNTRIES TO WHICH ITALY EXPORTS COUNTRIES FROM WHICH ITALY IMPORTS

51,023

Germany

56,809

Germany

42,548

France

32,109

France

35,989

United States

28,158

China

22,484

United Kingdom

20,667

Netherlands

19,854

Spain

18,391

Spain

* provisional data

* provisional data


Industryand services


INDUSTRY AND SERVICES ENTERPRISES BY SIZE AND SECTOR OF ACTIVITY Year 2014

EMPLOYMENT IN INDUSTRY AND SERVICES ENTERPRISES BY SIZE AND SECTOR OF ACTIVITYYear 2014

INDUSTRY (EXCLUDING CONTRUCTION) 346,925 71,359 418,284Mining and quarrying 1,775 482 2,257Manufacturing activities 328,486 67,936 396,422Supply of electricity, gas, steam and conditioned air 9,916 543 10,459Water supply; sewage systems, waste management and sanitation 6,748 2,398 9,146CONSTRUCTION 509,648 19,455 529,103SERVICES 3,302,087 109,613 3,411,700Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 1,086,631 36,503 1,123,134Transport and storage 113,241 12,447 125,688Accomodation and restaurant services 292,996 19,017 312,013Information and communication services 91,020 5,977 96,997Financial and insurance activities 92,831 2,378 95,209Real estate services 238,492 642 239,134Professional, scientific and technical activities 698,154 7,741 705,895Renting services, travel agencies, business support services 128,721 11,177 139,898Education 27,351 1,737 29,088Healthcare and social work 270,894 6,401 277,295Arts, sports, entertainment and recreation and other activities 261,756 5,593 267,349TOTAL 4,158,660 200,427 4,359,087

INDUSTRY (EXCLUDING CONTRUCTION) 918,177 3,038,153 3,956,330Mining and quarrying 5,050 27,777 32,827Manufacturing activities 885,493 2,766,454 3,651,948Supply of electricity, gas, steam and conditioned air 7,988 80,464 88,451Water supply; sewage systems, waste management and sanitation 19,646 163,458 183,104CONSTRUCTION 912,579 445,180 1,357,759SERVICES 5,666,884 5,208,336 10,875,220Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 1,999,076 1,303,251 3,302,326Transport and storage 228,376 844,820 1,073,196Accomodation and restaurant services 818,792 476,251 1,295,043Information and communication services 160,527 371,025 531,552Financial and insurance activities 138,826 436,698 575,524Real estate services 273,548 13,959 287,507Professional, scientific and technical activities 924,074 262,727 1,186,801Renting services, travel agencies, business support services 234,842 887,013 1,121.855Education 48,610 45,335 93,946Healthcare and social work 386,531 407,632 794,162Arts, sports, entertainment and recreation and other activities 453,682 159,625 613,308TOTAL 7,497,641 8,691,668 16,189,310

Sectors of activity

Sectors of activity

10 workersand over

10 workersand over

0-9 workers

0-9 workers

Total

Total

ENTERPRISES: organisations carrying out economic activities at a professional level for the production of market goods or services.WORKERS: employees and self-employed in enterprises (full time, part-time or under training and employment contracts).

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UST

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AN

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Agriculture


AG

RICU

LTU

RE

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND VALUE ADDED BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA Year 2015

CHAIN-LINKED VALUES: are the volume measure of national accounts aggregates, representing a series of economic data in real terms and net of price changes. For each aggregate and each year the ratio between the value in the prices of the previous year (for example, the estimates for 2009 are expressed at 2008 prices) and the aggregate value for the previous year are calculated. The volume indices computed on different basis are then related to a fixed base year (currently 2010), thus obtaining chained volume indices. Chain-linked aggregates are obtained by multiplying these latter by the current value in the base year.

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North-west 11,639 -1.1 5,656 -1.0

North-east 14,971 0.3 7,937 0.8

Centre 8,206 3.5 5,030 5.7

South 13,061 5.9 8,091 9.6

Islands 6,561 3.0 4,177 5.1

ITALY 54,438 2.0 30,891 4.0

Millions of current euros

Millions of current euros

PRODUCTION VALUE ADDED

Annual % changes in chain linked volumes

Annual % changes in chain linked volumes

UTILISED AGRICULTURAL AREA BY MAIN CROPSYear 2015, thousands of hectares

554Common wheat

425Oil seeds

1,329Durum wheat

72Legumes

727Maize

538Citrus and fruit trees

243Barley

696Grapevine

109Oats

1,148Olive trees

51Potatoes

2,120Rotation forage

420Vegetables


North 3,048 6,428 2,586 57 4,096

Centre 1,831 434 336 316 392

South and the Islands 2,775 212 2,972 2,360 4,756

ITALY 7,654 7,074 5,894 2,733 9,244

Geographical area Wheat TomatoMaize Olive trees Citrus and fruit trees

HARVEST OF MAIN CROPS BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA Year 2015, thousands of tons

HARVEST OF WINE GRAPESYear 2015, thousands of tons

352Piemonte

1,254Veneto

3Valle d’Aosta

257Friuli Venezia Giulia

199Lombardia

10Liguria

168Trentino Alto Adige

939Emilia-Romagna

398Toscana

106Umbria

143Marche

225Lazio

355Abruzzo

92Molise

223Campania

1,332Puglia

15Basilicata

50Calabria

752Sicilia

134Sardegna

46 Bolzano-Bozen

122 Trento

TOTAL ITALY: 7,006


AG

RICU

LTU

RE

PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS PLACED ON THE MARKET FOR AGRICULTURAL USEYears 2010 and 2014, tons

Insecticides and acaricides

2010

201467,707

65,315

Fungicides

28,160

22,284

28,129

19,91224,209

18,170

Herbicides Other plant protection products

PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS (AGROCHEMICALS AND PESTICIDES): are synthetic or natural products used against all harmful organisms or to prevent the action of such organisms (infectious diseases, plant pathogens, parasites and pests, infesting weeds).

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North 7,562 5,096 1,861 4,879 10,446

Centre 7,195 2,838 1,552 4,993 7,642

South and the Islands 3,538 3,273 872 2,544 4,150

ITALY 18,295 11,207 4,285 12,416 22,238

Geographical area Accomodation TastingFood service Other activities** Total

LICENSED AGRITOURISM FARMS BY TYPE OF ACTIVITY* AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYear 2015

* a farm may be authorized to perform one or more types of agritourism activities

** horse-riding, hiking, nature explorations, trekking, mountain bike, courses, sports, etc. are included


Tourism


TO

UR

ISM

Hotels 19,916 6,366 6,917 33,199

Campings and resorts 1,200 609 899 2,708

Rooms and flats for rent 58,976 9,128 4,971 73,075

Agritourism facilities 7,343 7,887 3,295 18,525

Youth hostels 313 180 99 592

Holiday homes 1,200 765 360 2,325

Alpine huts 988 69 34 1,091

Other accommodation establishments 721 4,694 404 5,819

Bed and breakfast 11,819 6,539 12,026 30,384

TOTAL 102,476 36,237 29,005 167,718

ITALIANS

Arrivals 32,226 13,261 12,834 58,321

Nights spent 104,697 46,042 49,417 200,156

Average length of stay (days) 3.25 3.47 3.85 3.43

FOREIGNERS

Arrivals 33,010 15,231 6,793 55,034

Nights spent 117,644 48,073 26,891 192,608

Average length of stay (days) 3.56 3.16 3.96 3.50

North

North



Centre

Centre

Italy

Italy

COLLECTIVE ACCOMMODATION ESTABLISHMENTS BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYear 2015, thousands

GUESTS IN COLLECTIVE ACCOMMODATION ESTABLISHMENTS BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREAYear 2015, thousands

COLLECTIVE ACCOMMODATION ESTABLISHMENTS: include hotels, campings, resorts, agritourism facilities, youth hostels, rooms and flats for rent, holiday homes, alpine huts, bed and breakfasts and other establishments.ARRIVALS: number of resident and non-resident guests spending at least one night in collective accommodation establishments.NIGHTS SPENT: number of nights spent by guests in collective accommodation establishments.AVERAGE LENGTH OF STAY: ratio of nights spent to number of arrivals.

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NIGHTS SPENT BY DESTINATIONYear 2015, percentage compositions

ARRIVALS BY TYPE OF ACCOMMODATION ESTABLISHMENTSYear 2015, percentage compositions

SPAS4.4%

SPAS3.4%

SEASIDE RESORTS26.0%

ART TOWNS26.6%

ART TOWNS38.3%

OTHER3.6%

OTHER5.5%

MOUNTAIN RESORTS16.3%

MOUNTAIN RESORTS13.0%

LAKESIDE RESORTS3.7%

LAKESIDE RESORTS

13.8%

SEASIDE RESORTS45.4% ITALIANS

FOREIGNERS

5-star and 5-star luxury hotels 3.1

4-star hotels 36.9

3-star hotels 30.2

2-star hotels 4.2

1-star hotels 1.3

Tourist residences 2.8

Campings and resorts 8.2

Rooms and flats for rent 6.2

Agritourism facilities 2.5

Bed and breakfasts 1.6

Other accommodation establishments 3.0


HOLIDAYS BY MAIN DESTINATIONYear 2015, percentage compositions

HOLIDAYS BY CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICSYear 2015, percentage compositions

HOLIDAYS: trips made by Italians in the reference period for holiday, leisure, recreation, visiting relatives and friends, religious purposes and health treatments.HOLIDAY TRIPS BY DESTINATIONS: the most visited Italian region is Emilia-Romagna (destination of 13.3 out of every 100 travels to Italy), whereas the most popular international destination among Italian residents is Spain (12.2 out of every 100 travels abroad). Marocco is the most visited non-European country (6 out of every 100 travels abroad).

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DIRECT41.5%

HOTELS28.4%

RENTEDACCOMMODATION

11.7%PRIVATE

48.9%

OTHER10.9%

TRAVEL AGENCY 10.2%

PLANE13.4%

TRAIN10.7%

SHIP3.0%

CAR64.9%

COACH4.5%

OTHER3.5%

NONE48.2%

ITALY 89.1 74.6 81.5

North 50.7 31.4 40.6

Centre 26.6 16.4 21.2

South and the Islands 11.8 26.8 19.7

ABROAD 10.9 25.4 18.5

EU Countries 9.7 14.5 12.2

Other European countries 0.9 4.6 2.9

Rest of the world 0.3 6.3 3.4

TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0

1-3 nights 4 nights or more Total

RESERVATION ACCOMMODATIONMEANS OF TRANSPORT

TO

UR

ISM

Territory and environmentPopulationHealthCultureEducationLabourWelfareJusticeLiving conditionsEconomyPricesForeign tradeIndustry and servicesAgricultureTourism

ITALYIN FIGURES2016

www.istat.it/enItalian NationalInstitute of Statistics

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