is the oceanic heat transport with atlantic water towards the arctic changing?
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image:AGU 2003
Steingrímur Jónsson, University of Akureyri & Marine Research InstituteHéðinn Valdimarsson, Marine Research Institute, ReykjavikBogi Hansen, Faroe Marine Research Institute, TórshavnKarin Margretha H. Larsen, Faroe Marine Research Institute, TórshavnBarbara Berx, Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, AberdeenToby Sherwin, SAMS, Scottish Marine Institute, ObanSteffen M. Olsen, Danish Meteorological Institute , CopenhagenKerstin Jochumsen, Institut für Meereskunde, Universität HamburgSvein Østerhus, Uni Research, Bergen
from space
by winds
by ocean currents
Heat
Is the oceanic heat transport with Atlantic water
towards the Arctic changing?
IAPSO 2013 P10S2.01
Transport (mass and heat) observatories
1995-ongoing
10 km
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Dep
th(m
)
FaroeP lateau
FaroeBank
3°C2°C
1°C
<0°C
6°C
7°C<8°C
>8°C
<-0.5°C>1.1 m/s 1 m/s
0.9 m/s
0.4 m/s
0.2m
/s
FC FB FA
Atla nticWa te r
Fa ro e Ba nk C ha nne l
Fa roeBa nk
Fa roePla te a u
10 km
NACLIM
Tools
Current meters (ADCP)Current meters (ADCP)Hydrography CTD-sectionsHydrography CTD-sections
image:AGU 2003
Atlantic inflow volume transport
No trend !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Icelandbranch
Inflowing Atlantic water (millions m3/second)
Faroebranch
No weakening
Shetlandbranch
No trend
image:AGU 2003
Icelandbranch
Inflowing Atlantic water (millions m3/second)
Faroebranch Shetland
branch
Atlantic inflow volume transportAtlantic inflow volume transport
Total Atlantic Volume Inflow1997-2011
7.0 Sv+- 1 Sv+- 1 Sv
8.5 Sv (Østerhus et al. 2005)
New results
Hansen et al. 2010, Jonsson and Valdimarsson 2012, Berx et al. 2013
0.7 Sv0.7 Sv
Berx, Hansen, Østerhus, K. M. Larsen, T. Sherwin, and K. Jochumsen, (2013).
Combining in-situ measurements and altimetry to estimate volume, heat and salt transport variability through the Faroe Shetland Channel
Volume budget”Old numbers”
( 1 Sv = 106 m3/s )
Q = 8.5 Sv (Østerhus et al. 2005)
6 Sv
2.5 Sv
Volume budget”New numbers”
( 1 Sv = 106 m3/s )
Q = 7.0 +- Sv
6 -? Sv
2.5 -? Sv
assumption: Bering Strait inflow ~ West of Greenland outflow. English Channel ~ NaN
Heat Transport
Cooling: ΔT
Heat import = c · Q · ΔT ≈ c · Q · T
Volumetransport: Q
Temperature: T
Shetland branch
Faroe branch
Iceland branch
Atlantic inflow temperature 1950 – 2010
Heat import = c · Q · T
Temperature changes from Rockall to Fram Strait
1950-2008
Holliday et al. GRL (2008)
Tem
pera
ture
ano
mal
y 0-
500
m C
Temperature in Atlantic layer at station M1948-2010
Monthly mean
Yearlymean
The effect of SPG shrinkage(Hakkinen & Rhines, 2004; Hátún et al., 2005)
Warmer and more saline
Before 1995After 1995
3.0
1.5
0
-1.5
-3.0
Observed and simulated gyre index(SSH averaged for 60°W–15°W, 48°N–65°N)
Lohman et al. (2009)
Weak
Strong
3.0
1.5
0
-1.5
-3.0
Weak and Strong Gyre index
Lohman et al. (2009)
Weak
Strong
Atlantic Water Temperature in the Nordic Seas (M)
Conclusions:Conclusions:
There is no indication for a change There is no indication for a change in the volume transport,1997-2011 in the volume transport,1997-2011
But there is an indication that the But there is an indication that the oceanic heat (and salt) transport oceanic heat (and salt) transport towards the European Arctic has towards the European Arctic has
increased since 1995 due to increased since 1995 due to increased water temperatureincreased water temperature
but!but!
Confused?Confused?
Please ask! Please ask! www.naclim.eu
www.folk.uib.no/ngfsoSvein ØsterhusSvein Østerhus
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union 7th Framework Programme (FP7 2007-2013), under grant agreement n.308299 NACLIM www.naclim.eu
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