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Is it possible for one person to create change/reform? why or why not?
What fuels change? Political, economic, religious, social, artistic, or intellectual
Journal #6
The Reformation
The Renaissance values of humanism and secularism led people to question the church
The printing press helped to spread ideas critical of the Church
Social
Powerful monarchs challenged the Church as the supreme power in Europe
Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority
Political
European princes and kings were jealous of the Church’s wealth
Merchants and others resented having to pay taxes to the church
Economic
Some church leaders had become wordily and corrupt
Many people found church practices such as the sale of indulgences unacceptable
Religious
Issued by the Church to reduce or even cancel punishment for a person’s sin
as long as one also truly repented.
Purchased as assurance of admission to heaven, relief from future guilt or for the salvation of dead relatives.
Indulgences
Person commits a sin
Person seeks forgiveness for sin and does some type of good deed as an external display of sincerity (penance)
Sins that have not been properly repented can lead to more time in purgatory
Purchasing an indulgence released a sinner from performing the penance that a priest imposed for sin
John Wycliffe (1328-1384)England, Oxford TheologianClaims:
No basis in scripture to support papal authority
Bible as the sole authorityRejected all practices not in scripture
(pilgrimage, veneration of saints, sacraments)
Early Reformers
Jan Hus (1374-1415)Bohemia (Czech)Chancellor of the University of Prague
Attacked corrupt clergy and power of the pope
Gained some political supportCalled to the Council of Constance to
discuss ideasArrested and burned at the stake for heresy
Early Reformers
Martin Luther
In 1505, returning to university from a trip home, Luther gets caught in a thunderstorm
Lightening Strikes the ground near Luther and he cries out
"Help me, St. Anne!”"I will become a monk!"
A Law Student Caught in a Thunderstorm
The Popes Patronized the artsSpent on personal pleasureFought wars Too busy pursuing wordily affairs
rather than spiritual duties
Criticism of the Catholic Church
People were expecting certain behaviors form church officials
1. John Wycliffe2. Jan Hus3. Thomas More4. Desiderius Erasmus 5. Martin Luther
Calls for Reform
Took a public stand against a friar, Johann Tetzel.
Formal statement attacking “pardon-merchants”
His words were printed and started to spread over Germany
Many believe this is what started the Reformation
The 95 Theses
People could only win salvation by faithChurch said that faith and good works
were neededChurch teachings should be clearly
connected to the BibleLuther said Pope was a false authority
All people with faith were equalDid not need priests to interpret for
them
Luther’s Three Main Ideas
Many saw Luther’s protest as a way to challenge the church.
Luther was threatened with excommunication
Holy Roman Emperor also opposed Luther Brought to trial, refused to recant his statements
Luther declared an outlaw and heretic No one could give Luther food or shelterAll his books were to be burned Prince Frederick the Wise of Saxony
disobeyedGave Luther shelter Translated the New Testament into German
Instead of continuing to seek reform, Luther and followers became a separate religious group… Lutherans
Edict of Worms
Christian Freedom - wanted an end to serfdom
Raided monasteries Pillaging and burning Made Luther angry
German princes crushed the revoltKilling 100,000 people
Peasants felt betrayed and rejected Luther
Peasant Revolt
Conflicting ideas in GermanySome shared Luther’s beliefLiked the ideas for selfish reasons
Good excuse to seize church property and gain independence from Charles V
Loyal to the Pope and against LutherSupport Luther and signed protest
Protestants Non Catholic Churches
Your table group will be assigned a religion from the Reformation time period.
You may work together, but everyone must create their own brochure
Use the textbooks and ipads to help gather information
You will be sharing these with your peers in class on Thursday.
Religion Brochures
LUTHER
Group talk:
1. Is it possible for one person to create change/reform? why or why not?
2. What is the most effective way to create change? What tools are necessary? Explain.
3. What fuels change? 1. Political, economic, religious, social, artistic,
or intellectual4. Is technology necessary for social
change? Explain what role it plays.
**In your groups please discuss the following questions. It may be helpful to write down a few notes as we will be discussing this as a whole class.
Charles V (Catholic) went to war against the Protestant Princes
Won the war, but could not convert them back to Catholicism
All rulers agreed that each ruler would decide the religion of his state
Peace of Augsburg
Started in England at the end of the 100 Years War – basically 35 years of English Civil War
Two Houses, York and Lancaster, fought (Red Rose Lancaster, White Rose York)
Begins when Henry IV (Bolingbroke) overthrows Richard II
Later Richard III kills everyone including his two nephews to become king….
…Only to lose it to Henry Tudor (Henry VII) at the Battle of Bosworth field
War of the Roses
Henry VII marries Elizabeth of York to unite the two families and end of the War of the Roses
He his a good king, keeps England out of war (save taking out Ireland) and builds up the state’s treasury, paying back debt and then amassing wealth
He has a charming son named Henry VIII
Early Tudors
At first, Henry is against the protestant movement
Befriends the pope until there is a problem with his succession
Henry wanted a male heir, but his only surviving child was a girl (Mary Tudor)
Henry asks the pope for an annulment, but the pope refusesDivorce was not permitted in the
Catholic ChurchPope had ties with Catherine’s
cousin, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Henry VIII
Henry turns against the pope and passes the Act of Supremacy (approved by parliament)
The Act made everyone swear an oath recognizing Henry’s divorce and accepting him, not the pope, as the head of the English Church.
Thomas More refused to take the oath and was eventually executed
Act of Supremacy (1534)
At first Henry changed very little, but eventually these changes took placeThe Bible was written in English, services were
in English.Monasteries are looted and destroyedThe Church lost a lot of its sacraments.The Church became very plain yet formal.Prayers to saints were bannedPuritans formed
Changes in the Church of England
Board talk:
Is it possible for one person to create change/reform? why or why not?
What is the most effective way to create change? What tools are necessary? Explain.
What fuels change? Political, economic, religious, social, artistic, or
intellectualIs technology necessary for social
change? Explain what role it plays.
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