introduction to hospitals

INTRODUCTION TO HOSPITALS

DR. MAHESWARI JAIKUMAR.maheswarijaikumar2103@gmail.com

ETYMOLOGY

• The English word “Hospital," originates from the Latin word “Hospile”, also some view that it comes from the French word “Hospitale”.

• All these institutions are meant for treating their clients, although the style may be different.

• The term Hospital means an establishment or temporary space occupied by the sick or injured. Hospital is an institution in which sick or injured persons are treated.

CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITALS

• The most commonly accepted criteria for classification of modern hospitals are according to :

1.Length of stay of patient. 2.Clinical basis.

3.Ownership / control basis.

4.Objectives.

5.Size.

6.Management.

7.System of medicine

SPECIALITY HOSPITALS

CENTRAL GOVT HOSPITALS

GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS

PRIVATE HOSPITALS

PUBLIC HOSPITALS

CORPORATE HOSPITALS

BASED ON SERVICE

LENGTH OF STAY• A patient stays for a short time

in hospital for treatment of disease that is acute in nature, such as pneumonia, peptic ulcer, etc.

• A patient may stay for a long term in a hospital for treatment of diseases that are chronic in nature such as TB, Leprosy, Cancer etc.

• The hospitals according to long term & short term are also known as Chronic care hospitals & acute care hospitals.

CLINICAL BASIS• These are licensed hospitals &

are considered as general hospitals, treat all kinds of diseases, major focus on treating condition such as heart diseases, cancer etc.

OWNERSHIP / CONTROL

• On the basis of ownership / control, hospitals can be divided into four categories:

1. Public Hospitals.

2.Voluntary Hospitals.

3. Private/Charitable Hospitals/ Nursing Homes.

4. Corporate Hospitals

OBJECTIVES• Teaching Cum Research Hospitals : It is

a hospital to which a college is attached for medical/ nursing/ dental/ pharmacy education. The main objective of these hospitals is teaching based on research & the provision of health care is secondary. AIIMS, JIPMER

• General Hospitals : Are hospitals that provide treatment for common diseases & conditions.The main objective of these hospitals are to provide medical care to the people, Eg: PHC, Rural Taluk Hospitals

SPECIALIZED HOSPITALS• SPECIALIZED HOSPITALS : Are

those that provide medical & nursing care primarily for only on discipline on a specific disease or condition of one system such as TB, ENT, Leprosy,STD, etc.

ISOLATION HOSPITALS• ISOLATION HOSPITALS : Are

those hospitals in which the persons suffering from infections / communicable diseases require isolation. E.g. Epidemic disease hospital, Bangalore.

SIZE• Teaching Hospital 500 beds (to

be increased according to the number of students).

• District Hospitals - 200 beds, (to be increased up to 300 according to the population).

• Taluka Hospital – 50 beds (May raised depending upon population to be served).• Primary Health Centers -6 (may

be raised up to 10 )

MANAGEMENT 1. Union Government/Govt of

India : Railway hospitals, Defense hospitals, etc.

2.State Govt Hospitals : Hospitals administered by state/ Union territory including police, prison, irrigation department.

3.Local Bodies Hospitals that are administered

by local bodies i.e. municipal corporation, zila parishad, panchayat, corporation maternity hospitals.

4.Autonomous bodies 4.Autonomous bodies : Hospitals

that are established under special act of parliament or state legislation & funded by Central/ state Govt; AIIMS.

5.Private All private hospitals that are

owned by an individual owner or by private organization.

6.Voluntary agency• All hospitals operated by a

voluntary body/ a trust/charitable society etc. It includes hospitals run by missionary bodies & co operations. E.g. CMC Vellore.

SYSTEM• 1.Allopathic Hospitals.• 2.Ayurvedic Hospitals.• 3.Homeopathic Hospitals.• 4.Unani Hospitals.• 5.Hospitals of other systems of

medicine.

ALLOPATHIC HOSPITALS

HOMEOPATHIC HOSPITAL

UNANI HOSPITALS

FUNCTIONS OF A HOSPITAL

FUNCTIONS

FUNCTIONS OF HOSPITAL1. Care of sick & injured.2. Prevention of disease.3. Promotion of health.4. Diagnosis of treatment of

disease.5. Scientific application of mental

hygiene & mental therapy.

6. Rehabilitation. 7. Medical Education. 8. Research.

1.CARE OF THE SICK & INJURED

• Hospital is a medical institution where client suffering from some disease/health problems is getting treated & cared. Comprehensive care is provided to the sick/injured client by health care team.

• Clients are treated according to priority or needs. E.g. Emergency care is provided to client with heart attack than the client who comes with a general illness.

2.PREVENTION OF DISEASE

• Prevention of disease is accomplished by early screening & detection of risk. Maintaining aseptic technic, following the principles of medical care can prevent the occurrence of certain complications.

3.PROMOTION OF HEALTH

• A client who is maintaining his health can accomplish higher level of health. In hospital setting, various aspects of health promotion are taken. E.g. health education, supplementation, & regular checkup.

4.DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT OF DISEASE

• As soon the client approaches the health care team, a complete assessment is done. Afterward medical diagnosis is made & treatment is started.

5.SCIENTIFIC APPLICATION OF MENTAL HYGEINE & MENTAL

THERAPY• Mental health is an important

aspect of a healthy person. Clients suffering from stress, mental health problems are treated in hospitals. Counseling is also done in the hospital setting.

6.REHABILITATION• Rehabilitation is a process where an

individual is re educated, particularly where an individual has been ill/injured, to enable them for becoming capable of useful activity. E.g. Care of a person who has undergone amputation.

7.MEDICAL EDUCATION• Hospitals attached to medical,

nursing colleges provide medical & nursing education. The students are taught how to care for a client, how to provide indivualized care, how to tackle emergency, & clinical knowledge.

8.RESEARCH• Incidence, prevalence rates,

morbidity & mortality rates are calculated from the hospital settings. Prevalence of disease is done by conducting research.

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