international polar year an international study of biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and...

International Polar Year

An international study of biogeochemical cycles of

Trace Elements and Isotopes

in the Arctic and Southern Oceans

Metals Abundance & Biological Evolution

Biological Evolution used abundant metals: essentialLow abundant metals no bio-functions: toxic

Pb315

Hg0.34

Cd ?1.61

Ag0.49

Zn1260

Cu522

Ni49300

Co2250

Fe90000

0

Mn9550

numbers of atoms versus 1 million Si atoms

De Baar & La Roche (2003)

deep ocean ultraclean sampling:

new titanium frame in clean-air container

[DFe] nM

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Dep

th (

m)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

[DFe] nM new titanium frame[DFe] nM Prototype frame IRONAGES 2002[DFe] nM traditional Kevlar wire castMartin et al. NABE

[NO3] µmol/L

0 5 10 15 20 250

1000

2000

3000

4000

[NO3] µmol/L new titanium frame[NO3] µmol/L Prototype frame IRONAGES 2002[NO3] µmol/L traditional Kevlar wire cast[NO3] µmol/L Martin et al. NABE

EuropeanIRONAGES2001-todaydevelopment

pdf available, just ask me

GEOTRACES

traction winch (Kley France) with 8000m kevlar cable (17 mm) with internal signal cables

Advantages Titan system

• 3-4 fold more efficient station time than single GO-FLO on hydrowire

• no carrying GO-FLO samplers• much faster turnaround sub-sampling• system on shipboard always in clean

room• stations CTD data for physics• now building new prototype samplers

– 18 Liter volume, – pharmaceutical industry quality plastics

Dissolved Aluminium (nM)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

0 10 20 30 40

De

pth

(m

)

cast 1 on19-04-07

cast 4 on20-04-07

cast 7 on21-04-07

cast 15 on23-04-07

cast 18 on14-04-07

GEOTRACESTest Station-2Northeast AtlanticApril 2007RV Pelagia

Five differenthydrocastsat same positionwithin 9 days

European IPY GEOTRACES aboard Polarstern

coordinator:Michiel Rutgers van der Loeff (AWI)

Pere Masque (Spain)7Be, 210Pb, 210Po, Th, Pa, 137Cs, 240Pu , 129I

Brad Moran (USA) Pa, Th

PhD students (Netherlands)Fe; Maarten KlunderAl, Mn: Rob Middag Fe speciation/colloids:Charles-Edouard Thuroczy senior analist Patrick Laan

and many other colleagues

Trace elements: Fe, Mn, Al, (Cu, Cd, Ni, Zn, Ag)calibration versus SAFe standard seawatertrace metal speciation, notably FeBa, U, Rare Earth Elements

Radionuclides:natural 234Th, 230Th, 232Th, 231Pa, 210Pb, 210Po

227Ac, 228Ra, 226Ra, 224Ra, 223Ra anthropogenic: 99Tc, 240Pu/ 239Pu, 129I, 137Cs

isotopic composition of Nd, Hf, Be, (Cd, Ca, Si?); 18O

Other data:Nutrients (NIOZ)DIC (NIOZ or UPMC)POC/ BSi/ phytoplankton/ chlorophyll (program

Hirche/Nöthig)DOM, fluorescence (program Amon)methane (program Damm)

Tracers being analysed/sampled during Polarstern ARK XXII-2

Fe from above or below ???Al dust source tracer; Mn, Ac and Ra isotopes sediment source

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

0 10 20 30

DAl

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

0 5 10 15

Si

IPY GEOTRACESPolarstern ARK XXII-2 High Arctic Ocean

data Rob Middag

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Silicate

Alu

min

ium

IPY GEOTRACESPolarstern ARK XXII-2High Arctic Ocean

Al data Rob Middag

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

DMn

IPY GEOTRACESPolarstern ARK XXII-2High Arctic Ocean Mn data

Rob Middag

Nansen Basin (84.34,30N, 89.50,89E

0 0.5 1 1.5 20

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

De

pth

[m]

Mn or Fe [nM]

Mn Fe

IPY GEOTRACESPolarstern ARK XXII-2High Arctic Ocean

Mn dataRob Middag

Fe dataMaarten Klunder,Patrick Laan

Top of Gakkel Ridge (85.55,42N, 91.10,79E)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

de

pth

[m]

Fe [nM]

Position?

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

De

pth

[m]

Mn or Fe [nM]

Mn

Fe

Fe

IPY GEOTRACESPolarstern ARK XXII-2 High Arctic Ocean

Mn dataRob Middag

Fe dataMaarten Klunder,Patrick Laan

Amundsen Basin (87.02,71N, 104.50,31E)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

De

pth

[m]

Mn or Fe [nM]

Amundsen Basin (87.39,81N, 111.57,18E)

0 1 2 3 4

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

De

pth

[m]

Mn or Fe [nM]

MnFe

Fe

Mn

IPY GEOTRACESPolarstern ARK XXII-2 High Arctic Ocean

Mn dataRob Middag

Fe dataMaarten Klunder,Patrick Laan

Antarctic IPY GEOTRACESAntarctic IPY GEOTRACES

ZERO & DRAKE

ZERO & DRAKE

Germany/NL Geotraces

Germany/NL Geotraces

BONUS/GoodHope

BONUS/GoodHope

French Geotraces

French Geotraces

ATOSSpanish

Geotraces

Tasmania sector

Australian G

eotraces

extended

extended

Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean

sectionsection

Japan Geotraces

Japan Geotraces

BONUS

ZERO & DRAKE

ATOSATO

S

Zoom in:

Atlantic- AntArctic Basin

Zero meridian- long existing hydrography program (E. Fahrbach)- longest existing co-sampling of CFC’s and CO2 since AJAX 1984(Rhein, Hoppema)

ZERO & DRAKEMichiel van der LoeffHein de BaarAerosols with Alex Baker

ANT XXIV/3, Fahrtroute

exactly under satellite trajectory

West Atlantic GEOTRACES Section 2009-2010Shiptime and studentships proposal toNetherlands Science Foundation (NWO)

2009: Iceland-Bermuda

West Atlantic GEOTRACES Section 2009-2010Shiptime and studentships proposal toNetherlands Science Foundation (NWO)

2009: Iceland-Bermuda

2009: Bermuda-Barbados

West Atlantic GEOTRACES Section 2009-2010Shiptime and studentships proposal toNetherlands Science Foundation (NWO)

2009: Iceland-Bermuda

2009: Bermuda-Barbados

2010: Barbados - Recife

West Atlantic GEOTRACES Section 2009-2010Shiptime and studentships proposal toNetherlands Science Foundation (NWO)

2009: Iceland-Bermuda

2009: Bermuda-Barbados

2010: Barbados - Recife

2010: Recife - BuenosAires

pdf available,just ask me

Waugh*, Evelyn (1945) Brideshead Revisited, The Sacred & Profane Memories of Captain Charles Ryder.

International Polar Year

Thank You for

Your Attention

Fe

Al

29Si

MnZn

Cu

NiPb

Hg

SePt

234Th

230Th

231Pa

Ge

W

Au Ir

CoLa

CePr

143NdLuHf

238U 227Ac

As