insects [training]

Insects

Scientifically classified as :Kingdom AnimalPhylum Arthropoda Class Insecta

Arthropods for the biggest phylum in the animal kingdom and the class insecta contains between 1 - 10 million members!+80% of all the worlds known animals are insects

Arthropod ClassificationArthropod Classification

Body divided into 3 distinct segments viz. head, thorax and abdomen

Air taken in through spiracles [small holes along body] and circulated through tracheoles to the body organs

All have 3 pairs of legs and many have 1 or 2 pairs of wings and

Fast breeding [ insect populations can increase 60 - 1000 x in a month]

Adaptable to changing environments and can survive adverse conditions

Cosmopolitan food consumption [ e.g. Tobacco moths eat spices, pasta, petfood, cereals and dried fruit as well]

Flour beetle Flour beetle TriboliumTribolium species species

Life Stages of the flour beetleA- larvaB-pupaC-adult

Cockroach Cockroach nymphsnymphs

Sexual attractant for male insects only. Pheromones naturally produces by the female. Often very specific i.e. red flour beetle

pheromone will not attract moth species. Act as a monitor – not a control measure Only trap some males – not all Should be replaced 4-6 weekly Do not place where they attract insects in

from outside e.g. by open doors Attract within a small range ~ 10 metres

Moth Moth pheromone pheromone monitoring monitoring station in station in

placeplace

Flying Insects Cigarette beetle – Lasioderma serricorne Red flour beetle – Tribolium castaneum Indian meal moth – Plodia interpunctella Warehouse moth – Cadra cautella Saw tooth grain beetle – Oryzaephilus

suranemensis Drugstore beetle – Stegobium paniceum

Crawling Insects Confused flour beetle – Tribolium

confusum Flour mite – Acarus silo Cockroach – many species Flat grain beetle – Cryptolestes sp.

EXTERNAL FEEDERS

Common Stored Common Stored product Moths and product Moths and

larvaelarvae

Indian Meal Indian Meal MothMoth

Plodia Plodia InterpunctellaInterpunctella

Indian Meal Moth

Cocoa Cocoa mothmoth

Ephestia Ephestia elutellaelutella

Angoumois Angoumois grain mothgrain moth

Sitotroga Sitotroga cerealellacerealella

Mediterranean flour Mediterranean flour mothmoth

Ephestia khuniellaEphestia khuniella

Chocolate mothChocolate moth

Ephestia cautellaEphestia cautella

Heavy moth Heavy moth webbing inside webbing inside petfood DFBpetfood DFB

Mill moth on outside of shrinkwrapMill moth on outside of shrinkwrap

Cigarette beetleCigarette beetle

Lasioderma serricorneLasioderma serricorne

Cigarette Beetle

Adult beetles live 23-28 daysAdult beetles live 23-28 days They are strong fliers and are active in They are strong fliers and are active in

subdued light at temperatures above 65ºF subdued light at temperatures above 65ºF Often will fly on late afternoons and dull Often will fly on late afternoons and dull

cloudy dayscloudy days Adults are not very cold tolerantAdults are not very cold tolerant

• Eggs are usually laid in cracks, crevices Eggs are usually laid in cracks, crevices and sealsand seals

• Egg to adult in 70-90 daysEgg to adult in 70-90 days

5-6 overlapping generations under ideal 5-6 overlapping generations under ideal conditions of temperature. 1-3 conditions of temperature. 1-3 generations in cooler temperaturesgenerations in cooler temperatures

Cigarette Beetle

Cigarette beetles on dried bell peppersCigarette beetles on dried bell peppers

Drugstore beetleDrugstore beetle

Stegobium Stegobium paniceumpaniceum

SCAVENGERS

Saw tooth Saw tooth Grain beetleGrain beetle

Oryzaephilus Oryzaephilus surinamensissurinamensis

Saw tooth grain beetle

Large node behind eye

Merchant grain beetle

Small node behind eye

Saw tooth beetles inside cardboard shipping materialSaw tooth beetles inside cardboard shipping material

Saw tooth grain beetles on product cartonsSaw tooth grain beetles on product cartons

Confused flour beetleConfused flour beetle

Tribolium confusumTribolium confusum

Red Flour Beetle

Tribolium castaneum

Good Flier

Confused flour beetle Confused flour beetle

Tribolium confusumTribolium confusum

Cant flyCant fly

Flour beetles Flour beetles under shipping under shipping carton tape carton tape

Khapra beetleKhapra beetle

Trogderma Trogderma variabilievariabilie

Copra beetleCopra beetle

Necrobia rufipesNecrobia rufipes

Larder beetleLarder beetle

Dermestes Dermestes lardariuslardarius

Hide beetle larvae on bulk bag coverHide beetle larvae on bulk bag cover

Meal worm beetleMeal worm beetle

Tenebrio molitorTenebrio molitor

SECONDARY PESTS

Foreign grain beetleAhasverus advena

Flat Grain BeetleFlat Grain BeetleCryptolestes spCryptolestes sp..

Lesser grain Lesser grain borerborer

Rhizopertha Rhizopertha domenicadomenica

Flat grain Flat grain beetlebeetle

Cryptolestes Cryptolestes turciusturcius

Fungus promotes activity

CadelleCadelle

Tenebroides Tenebroides mauritanicusmauritanicus

INTERNAL FEEDERS

Grain weevilGrain weevil

Sitophilus Sitophilus granariusgranarius

Rice weevilRice weevil

Sitophilus Sitophilus oryzaeoryzae

Rice Weevil Rice Weevil Sitophilus orzaeSitophilus orzae

Granary Weevil Granary Weevil Sitophilus Sitophilus granariusgranarius

Maize weevilMaize weevil

Sitophilus zeamaisSitophilus zeamaisLarge grain Large grain

borerborerProstephanus Prostephanus

truncatustruncatus

Rodent bait attacked by Tobacco beetlesRodent bait attacked by Tobacco beetles

MITES

Flour miteFlour mite

Acarus siroAcarus siro

Mould and mite damage to productMould and mite damage to product

Live spiders on Live spiders on wall columns - wall columns - chemical fogging chemical fogging shown to be shown to be ineffectiveineffective

Timber borer damage to wooden palletTimber borer damage to wooden pallet

Inform relevant personnel and commence immediate action plans - get pest contractor involved immediately

Isolate infested stock Inspect this and other areas to assess spread of

problem and real risk. Treat or dump infested goods [ Damage ] Treat site / structure - clean , move stock ,

chemical etc Monitor and review cause of problem and likely

source Modify operations to minimise risk of repeat

problem Monitor affected areas and stocks for 6 weeks

minimum

Cultural Controls - changes to operation

Physical Controls - e.g. fly screens, heat

Chemical Controls - fogging , fumigation

Biological controls - predators, insect growth regulators [IGR’s]

Undyed grain bait placed for cricket control Undyed grain bait placed for cricket control

PlacementPlacement Often used for flies but equally useful for SPPOften used for flies but equally useful for SPP Entryways, esp. with vestibules are good Entryways, esp. with vestibules are good

controls for flies but will only work for controls for flies but will only work for somesome SPP. Excellent control for ferment flies.SPP. Excellent control for ferment flies.

Placed 12-15 feet inside the door and not Placed 12-15 feet inside the door and not visible from outsidevisible from outside

Placed approx. 50 feet apart but varies Placed approx. 50 feet apart but varies based on facility – placed as needed basisbased on facility – placed as needed basis

Commercial Commercial Heat Heat

Disinfestation Disinfestation TreatmentTreatment

FLIES

House FlyHouse Fly Musca domesticaMusca domestica

Blow/Bottle FlyBlow/Bottle Fly

Calliphora spp.Calliphora spp.

Fruit FlyFruit Fly

DrosophilaDrosophila

speciesspecies

Phorid,Phorid,

Humpbacked,Humpbacked,

Scuttle FlyScuttle Fly

Moth/Drain/Filter/Moth/Drain/Filter/

Sewage Fly,Sewage Fly,

PsycodidPsycodid

There are ~300 species of ferment flies known Female can lay 500-1000 eggs Eggs hatch in 24 hours Larvae live for 3 days then pupate Adults are produced 7-8 days after egg is laid Adults can live for 30 days average Diapause can occur to allow winter survival 16 mesh proofing is needed to exclude adults Adults are strong fliers and light attracted

Adults can live for 30 days Life cycle is 1-3 weeks Feed on decaying organic matter e.g. in

drains Slow flying and easy to identify –tent

wings Control is via cleaning and removal of

harbourages – cracks and holes near drains

What insects and how many?

What is the root cause of the infestation observed?

Breeding inside or outside?