insects [training]
TRANSCRIPT
Insects
Scientifically classified as :Kingdom AnimalPhylum Arthropoda Class Insecta
Arthropods for the biggest phylum in the animal kingdom and the class insecta contains between 1 - 10 million members!+80% of all the worlds known animals are insects
Arthropod ClassificationArthropod Classification
Body divided into 3 distinct segments viz. head, thorax and abdomen
Air taken in through spiracles [small holes along body] and circulated through tracheoles to the body organs
All have 3 pairs of legs and many have 1 or 2 pairs of wings and
Fast breeding [ insect populations can increase 60 - 1000 x in a month]
Adaptable to changing environments and can survive adverse conditions
Cosmopolitan food consumption [ e.g. Tobacco moths eat spices, pasta, petfood, cereals and dried fruit as well]
Flour beetle Flour beetle TriboliumTribolium species species
Life Stages of the flour beetleA- larvaB-pupaC-adult
Cockroach Cockroach nymphsnymphs
Sexual attractant for male insects only. Pheromones naturally produces by the female. Often very specific i.e. red flour beetle
pheromone will not attract moth species. Act as a monitor – not a control measure Only trap some males – not all Should be replaced 4-6 weekly Do not place where they attract insects in
from outside e.g. by open doors Attract within a small range ~ 10 metres
Moth Moth pheromone pheromone monitoring monitoring station in station in
placeplace
Flying Insects Cigarette beetle – Lasioderma serricorne Red flour beetle – Tribolium castaneum Indian meal moth – Plodia interpunctella Warehouse moth – Cadra cautella Saw tooth grain beetle – Oryzaephilus
suranemensis Drugstore beetle – Stegobium paniceum
Crawling Insects Confused flour beetle – Tribolium
confusum Flour mite – Acarus silo Cockroach – many species Flat grain beetle – Cryptolestes sp.
EXTERNAL FEEDERS
Common Stored Common Stored product Moths and product Moths and
larvaelarvae
Indian Meal Indian Meal MothMoth
Plodia Plodia InterpunctellaInterpunctella
Indian Meal Moth
Cocoa Cocoa mothmoth
Ephestia Ephestia elutellaelutella
Angoumois Angoumois grain mothgrain moth
Sitotroga Sitotroga cerealellacerealella
Mediterranean flour Mediterranean flour mothmoth
Ephestia khuniellaEphestia khuniella
Chocolate mothChocolate moth
Ephestia cautellaEphestia cautella
Heavy moth Heavy moth webbing inside webbing inside petfood DFBpetfood DFB
Mill moth on outside of shrinkwrapMill moth on outside of shrinkwrap
Cigarette beetleCigarette beetle
Lasioderma serricorneLasioderma serricorne
Cigarette Beetle
Adult beetles live 23-28 daysAdult beetles live 23-28 days They are strong fliers and are active in They are strong fliers and are active in
subdued light at temperatures above 65ºF subdued light at temperatures above 65ºF Often will fly on late afternoons and dull Often will fly on late afternoons and dull
cloudy dayscloudy days Adults are not very cold tolerantAdults are not very cold tolerant
• Eggs are usually laid in cracks, crevices Eggs are usually laid in cracks, crevices and sealsand seals
• Egg to adult in 70-90 daysEgg to adult in 70-90 days
5-6 overlapping generations under ideal 5-6 overlapping generations under ideal conditions of temperature. 1-3 conditions of temperature. 1-3 generations in cooler temperaturesgenerations in cooler temperatures
Cigarette Beetle
Cigarette beetles on dried bell peppersCigarette beetles on dried bell peppers
Drugstore beetleDrugstore beetle
Stegobium Stegobium paniceumpaniceum
SCAVENGERS
Saw tooth Saw tooth Grain beetleGrain beetle
Oryzaephilus Oryzaephilus surinamensissurinamensis
Saw tooth grain beetle
Large node behind eye
Merchant grain beetle
Small node behind eye
Saw tooth beetles inside cardboard shipping materialSaw tooth beetles inside cardboard shipping material
Saw tooth grain beetles on product cartonsSaw tooth grain beetles on product cartons
Confused flour beetleConfused flour beetle
Tribolium confusumTribolium confusum
Red Flour Beetle
Tribolium castaneum
Good Flier
Confused flour beetle Confused flour beetle
Tribolium confusumTribolium confusum
Cant flyCant fly
Flour beetles Flour beetles under shipping under shipping carton tape carton tape
Khapra beetleKhapra beetle
Trogderma Trogderma variabilievariabilie
Copra beetleCopra beetle
Necrobia rufipesNecrobia rufipes
Larder beetleLarder beetle
Dermestes Dermestes lardariuslardarius
Hide beetle larvae on bulk bag coverHide beetle larvae on bulk bag cover
Meal worm beetleMeal worm beetle
Tenebrio molitorTenebrio molitor
SECONDARY PESTS
Foreign grain beetleAhasverus advena
Flat Grain BeetleFlat Grain BeetleCryptolestes spCryptolestes sp..
Lesser grain Lesser grain borerborer
Rhizopertha Rhizopertha domenicadomenica
Flat grain Flat grain beetlebeetle
Cryptolestes Cryptolestes turciusturcius
Fungus promotes activity
CadelleCadelle
Tenebroides Tenebroides mauritanicusmauritanicus
INTERNAL FEEDERS
Grain weevilGrain weevil
Sitophilus Sitophilus granariusgranarius
Rice weevilRice weevil
Sitophilus Sitophilus oryzaeoryzae
Rice Weevil Rice Weevil Sitophilus orzaeSitophilus orzae
Granary Weevil Granary Weevil Sitophilus Sitophilus granariusgranarius
Maize weevilMaize weevil
Sitophilus zeamaisSitophilus zeamaisLarge grain Large grain
borerborerProstephanus Prostephanus
truncatustruncatus
Rodent bait attacked by Tobacco beetlesRodent bait attacked by Tobacco beetles
MITES
Flour miteFlour mite
Acarus siroAcarus siro
Mould and mite damage to productMould and mite damage to product
Live spiders on Live spiders on wall columns - wall columns - chemical fogging chemical fogging shown to be shown to be ineffectiveineffective
Timber borer damage to wooden palletTimber borer damage to wooden pallet
Inform relevant personnel and commence immediate action plans - get pest contractor involved immediately
Isolate infested stock Inspect this and other areas to assess spread of
problem and real risk. Treat or dump infested goods [ Damage ] Treat site / structure - clean , move stock ,
chemical etc Monitor and review cause of problem and likely
source Modify operations to minimise risk of repeat
problem Monitor affected areas and stocks for 6 weeks
minimum
Cultural Controls - changes to operation
Physical Controls - e.g. fly screens, heat
Chemical Controls - fogging , fumigation
Biological controls - predators, insect growth regulators [IGR’s]
Undyed grain bait placed for cricket control Undyed grain bait placed for cricket control
PlacementPlacement Often used for flies but equally useful for SPPOften used for flies but equally useful for SPP Entryways, esp. with vestibules are good Entryways, esp. with vestibules are good
controls for flies but will only work for controls for flies but will only work for somesome SPP. Excellent control for ferment flies.SPP. Excellent control for ferment flies.
Placed 12-15 feet inside the door and not Placed 12-15 feet inside the door and not visible from outsidevisible from outside
Placed approx. 50 feet apart but varies Placed approx. 50 feet apart but varies based on facility – placed as needed basisbased on facility – placed as needed basis
Commercial Commercial Heat Heat
Disinfestation Disinfestation TreatmentTreatment
FLIES
House FlyHouse Fly Musca domesticaMusca domestica
Blow/Bottle FlyBlow/Bottle Fly
Calliphora spp.Calliphora spp.
Fruit FlyFruit Fly
DrosophilaDrosophila
speciesspecies
Phorid,Phorid,
Humpbacked,Humpbacked,
Scuttle FlyScuttle Fly
Moth/Drain/Filter/Moth/Drain/Filter/
Sewage Fly,Sewage Fly,
PsycodidPsycodid
There are ~300 species of ferment flies known Female can lay 500-1000 eggs Eggs hatch in 24 hours Larvae live for 3 days then pupate Adults are produced 7-8 days after egg is laid Adults can live for 30 days average Diapause can occur to allow winter survival 16 mesh proofing is needed to exclude adults Adults are strong fliers and light attracted
Adults can live for 30 days Life cycle is 1-3 weeks Feed on decaying organic matter e.g. in
drains Slow flying and easy to identify –tent
wings Control is via cleaning and removal of
harbourages – cracks and holes near drains
What insects and how many?
What is the root cause of the infestation observed?
Breeding inside or outside?