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Causes of the Industrial Revolution
• Agricultural Revolution • Cottage Industry• Advanced new technologies • Factory System• Great Britain had major factors of production
(land, labor and capital)
Agricultural Revolution
• Enclosure Movement • Mechanization• Four field crop-rotation• Selective breeding
Cottage Industry • An industry where the creation of products
and services is home-based, rather than factory-based. People then sold their products to larger industries.
• Allowed families to work together, at home.
Advanced New Technologies
• Water Wheels• Steam Power• Combustible engine • Cotton Gin• Seed Drill • Spinning Jenny• Advanced techniques in
iron smelting – creates steel
Effects of the Factory System
Before the Factory System • Goods were produced in
the home (cottage industry)• Work required a wide range
of skills• Children did chores at home
with family• Families worked directly
with merchants• Few people were members
of the middle class
After the Factory System • Goods were produced away
from home in factories• Work required a few easily
learned skills• Children were employed in
large numbers in factories• Workers dealt with managers
and, sometimes, factory owners
• More people joined the middle class
Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Great Britain?
• Land, Labor and Capital = Factors of Production • Exploration and colonialism (land)– Great Nature resources
• Coal deposits
• Population boom (labor)– Due to the Columbian exchange and earlier Agricultural
Revolution • Growth of private investment (capital)• Political stability– Allows for the infrastructure of the country to grow- for
example railroads to move goods
Effects of Industrialization on women• From Cottage Industry to Factory Work
– Earned low wages in low-skills jobs– Separated from their families– No real improvement in their status
• Other Working-class Women– Found jobs as cooks, maids, and child-care workers because more
families could afford to hire them– Found some new educational and cultural opportunities in cities– Overall improvement for many women
• Middle-Class Women – Freed from chores because many could afford to hire help– Began to attend college and get jobs as teachers and nurses– Those who did not work often criticized by outside people who said
that they should not work outside of the home– Most affected by idea of separate spheres
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