industrial animals

HistoryHistory

Industrial AnimalsIndustrial Animals

Unit Map Set Up (warm-up)Unit Map Set Up (warm-up)

Unit Name: Industrial AnimalsUnit Name: Industrial Animals Unit Essential Question: What are Unit Essential Question: What are

industrial animals and how do they industrial animals and how do they influence us and the industry?influence us and the industry?

Lesson Essential QuestionLesson Essential Question

How was industrial animal agriculture How was industrial animal agriculture started?started?

ObjectivesObjectives

Understand the history of animal Understand the history of animal agricultureagriculture

Understand the important acts that Understand the important acts that are important to this classare important to this class

What is Industrial What is Industrial Agriculture?Agriculture?

“ “ a modern form of intensive farming a modern form of intensive farming that refers to the industrialized that refers to the industrialized production of livestock, cattle, production of livestock, cattle, poultry, and fish. poultry, and fish.

Most of the meat, dairy and eggs are Most of the meat, dairy and eggs are produced” this way.produced” this way.

History of Animal History of Animal AgricultureAgriculture

Early people ate fruits, seeds, and Early people ate fruits, seeds, and animals found in their environment. animals found in their environment.

People moved with animalsPeople moved with animals People domesticated animalsPeople domesticated animals

People created ways to produce People created ways to produce animals more efficientlyanimals more efficiently– Passed on this informationPassed on this information

1800s- Universities. 1800s- Universities. – People realize institutions of higher People realize institutions of higher

learning were needed. learning were needed. ““Nation emerging as an industrial- Nation emerging as an industrial-

and agricultural- based economy.”and agricultural- based economy.”

To make progressTo make progress– people needed to be taught how to people needed to be taught how to

produce food and manufacture goods produce food and manufacture goods more efficientlymore efficiently

Late 1850s- Land Grant Act or Morrill Late 1850s- Land Grant Act or Morrill Act. Provided public land and funds Act. Provided public land and funds for establishing universities to teach for establishing universities to teach practical methods of manufacturing practical methods of manufacturing and producing food and fiber. Passed and producing food and fiber. Passed in 1862in 1862

1862- Lincoln signed bill to establish 1862- Lincoln signed bill to establish the USDAthe USDA

Soon all states had land grant Soon all states had land grant universities to help educate to meet universities to help educate to meet growing demandgrowing demand

1872- Hatch Act- authorized 1872- Hatch Act- authorized establishment of experiment stations establishment of experiment stations in different parts of the states that in different parts of the states that had land grant universities. had land grant universities. – Create new knowledge Create new knowledge

1914- Smith-Lever Act- set up 1914- Smith-Lever Act- set up cooperative extension service. cooperative extension service. Passes new information to the publicPasses new information to the public– Links University Professor knowledge Links University Professor knowledge

with community (farmers, growers etc)with community (farmers, growers etc)

History of Animal History of Animal AgricultureAgriculture 1917- Smith-Hughes 1917- Smith-Hughes

Act- vocational Act- vocational agriculture as a agriculture as a program in the public program in the public high schools as a high schools as a means of teaching means of teaching new methods of new methods of agricultureagriculture– THE REASON YOU ARE THE REASON YOU ARE

SITTING HERE!!!!SITTING HERE!!!!

Smith-Hughes ActSmith-Hughes Act Left side of the room is against the Smith-Left side of the room is against the Smith-

Hughes ActHughes Act Write 5 sentences why you disagreeWrite 5 sentences why you disagree Right side of the room is for the Smith-Hughes Right side of the room is for the Smith-Hughes

Act.Act. Give 5 sentences why you agree Give 5 sentences why you agree Consider the following in your writing:Consider the following in your writing:

– Why would we need this act? Was it needed at Why would we need this act? Was it needed at all? Was there a different way this could have all? Was there a different way this could have been accomplished? What are Pros and Cons been accomplished? What are Pros and Cons about this act? What lasting affects could it about this act? What lasting affects could it have on America?(Both positive and Negative) have on America?(Both positive and Negative)

Now Lets Decide!Now Lets Decide!

Debate:Debate:– Get together in your group and come up Get together in your group and come up

with 5 main points to support your with 5 main points to support your argument with your team mates. argument with your team mates.

– Choose a speakerChoose a speaker– One student speaks at a timeOne student speaks at a time– Feel free to say what you think about Feel free to say what you think about

the Smith-Hughes Act !the Smith-Hughes Act !

Exit QuestionExit Question

How has the agriculture industry How has the agriculture industry formed or matured over the formed or matured over the centuries ? centuries ?

ActivityActivity

One: Timeline One: Timeline – Fill in using your notesFill in using your notes

TwoTwo– Write one sentence in between each Write one sentence in between each

date, stating why or how it is related or date, stating why or how it is related or led to the next event on your time lineled to the next event on your time line

– Example: People needed higher Example: People needed higher education so ____________ happenededucation so ____________ happened

Advancements Advancements

Warm-upWarm-up

What are some of the advancements What are some of the advancements made in the animal agriculture field?made in the animal agriculture field?

How are the advancements made in How are the advancements made in animal agriculture significant to us?animal agriculture significant to us?

Know and understand the Know and understand the advancements in animal agricultureadvancements in animal agriculture

Understand where our food comes Understand where our food comes fromfrom

Animal AgricultureAnimal Agriculture

Humans are Humans are omnivorous animals- omnivorous animals- we eat both plants we eat both plants and animalsand animals

Provides people with a Provides people with a reliable, abundant reliable, abundant source of high quality source of high quality food needed for our food needed for our digestive systems digestive systems (monogastric)(monogastric)

Animal AgricultureAnimal Agriculture

Advancements Advancements through through scientific scientific research research resulted in an resulted in an abundance of abundance of food and lower food and lower prices easy for prices easy for consumers to consumers to utilize utilize

Advancements since 1925Advancements since 1925

Beef cattle live weight marketed per Beef cattle live weight marketed per breeding female increased from 220 breeding female increased from 220 lbs to 482 lbslbs to 482 lbs

Consumption doubled from 60 lbs to Consumption doubled from 60 lbs to 120 lbs120 lbs

Sheep liveweight Sheep liveweight marketed per marketed per breeding female breeding female from 60 lbs to 130 from 60 lbs to 130 lbslbs

Sheep not only Sheep not only raised for wool, raised for wool, now produced for now produced for meatmeat

Milk marketed per dairy cow Milk marketed per dairy cow increased from 4,189 lbs to 10,500 increased from 4,189 lbs to 10,500 lbslbs

1950-1975- # of dairy cows reduced 1950-1975- # of dairy cows reduced but milk production samebut milk production same– How is this possible?How is this possible?

Swine liveweight marketed per Swine liveweight marketed per breeding female from 1,600 to 2,850 breeding female from 1,600 to 2,850 lbslbs

Since 1950, amount of feed reducedSince 1950, amount of feed reduced Time to produce from 170 to 157 Time to produce from 170 to 157

daysdays

Poultry time for broiler chickens to Poultry time for broiler chickens to market weight cut in halfmarket weight cut in half

Amount of feed from 4lbs to 1.75 lbsAmount of feed from 4lbs to 1.75 lbs Weight of broilers at market from 2.8 Weight of broilers at market from 2.8

lbs to 4 lbslbs to 4 lbs

Annual production per laying hem Annual production per laying hem tripled from 112 to around 300 eggstripled from 112 to around 300 eggs

Feed required to produce a dozen Feed required to produce a dozen eggs decreased from 8 to 4 lbseggs decreased from 8 to 4 lbs

Turkeys weight marketed turkeys Turkeys weight marketed turkeys from 13-18.4 lbsfrom 13-18.4 lbs

Less feed (5.5 to 3.1 lbs) and half the Less feed (5.5 to 3.1 lbs) and half the time (34-19 weeks)time (34-19 weeks)

VideoVideo

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWOSe9ju7kU

Where food comes from videoWhere food comes from video

MovieMovie

Food, INCFood, INC During the movie During the movie Fill in your KWL chart Fill in your KWL chart

– Must be full with at least 5 things in Must be full with at least 5 things in each column to get full credit each column to get full credit

Answer the discussion questions as Answer the discussion questions as we watch. we watch.

Final Thoughts Final Thoughts Write for 10 minutesWrite for 10 minutes Free write – grammar not a factor. Just write Free write – grammar not a factor. Just write

whatever you thinkwhatever you think What is your view on animal agriculture? Has What is your view on animal agriculture? Has

it changed since from before viewing this it changed since from before viewing this video? Do you think what we are doing is video? Do you think what we are doing is wrong or needed for our survival? What was wrong or needed for our survival? What was the most disturbing/interesting fact you the most disturbing/interesting fact you learned from this video? How do you feel now learned from this video? How do you feel now about your food? Write at least a page after about your food? Write at least a page after viewing the movie.viewing the movie.

Print me out Print me out

http://www.foodincmovie.com/img/downloads/foodinc_PDF_091008.pdf

What may happen with our food What may happen with our food supply in the future?supply in the future?

BeefBeef

Warm-upWarm-up

What is your favorite food? What is your favorite food?

Why is the beef industry so Why is the beef industry so successful ?successful ?

Understand why beef is important Understand why beef is important Know and understand the different Know and understand the different

breeds of beef cattle breeds of beef cattle

BeefBeef

The Beef IndustryThe Beef Industry

We are a nation of beef eaters!We are a nation of beef eaters! Average person consumes 67.5 Average person consumes 67.5

pounds of beef and veal each year! pounds of beef and veal each year! Exported beef equals $2.5 billionExported beef equals $2.5 billion

The Beef IndustryThe Beef Industry Land pastured Land pastured

for beef cattle is for beef cattle is too steep, rocky too steep, rocky or wet to be or wet to be cultivated/used cultivated/used for plantsfor plants

Cows convert Cows convert forages into forages into high quality high quality proteinprotein

Lean beef is full of nutrientsLean beef is full of nutrients There are over 1 billion head of beef There are over 1 billion head of beef

on over 1 million farms and ranches on over 1 million farms and ranches in the United States.in the United States.

Successfully wintered outdoorsSuccessfully wintered outdoors Raised throughout the USRaised throughout the US Low overhead costsLow overhead costs Generate more $ than any other Generate more $ than any other

agricultural enterpriseagricultural enterprise

Ranks of ProductionRanks of Production– TexasTexas– MissouriMissouri– OklahomaOklahoma– Nebraska Nebraska – South DakotaSouth Dakota

Breeds of Beef Cattle Breeds of Beef Cattle ActivityActivity

Read through the packet and answer Read through the packet and answer the questions on the breeds of beef the questions on the breeds of beef cattle. cattle.

Breeds of Beef CattleBreeds of Beef Cattle

Black AngusBlack Angus

ShorthornShorthorn

HerefordHereford

Texas LonghornTexas Longhorn

SimmentalSimmental

Maine-AnjouMaine-Anjou

LimousinLimousin

VocabVocab

Forage- livestock feed that consists Forage- livestock feed that consists mainly of the leaves and stalks of mainly of the leaves and stalks of plantsplants

How are beef cattle able to utilize How are beef cattle able to utilize land better than plants?land better than plants?

SegmentsSegments

Beef IndustryBeef Industry

Warm-upWarm-up

What type of beef cattle do you What type of beef cattle do you typically see around where you live?typically see around where you live?

What are the segments of the beef What are the segments of the beef industry?industry?

Know and understand how the beef Know and understand how the beef industry operates based on industry operates based on segmentssegments

4 segments4 segments

Purebred operationsPurebred operations Cow-calf operationsCow-calf operations Stocker operationsStocker operations Feedlot operationsFeedlot operations Fill in organizer as we goFill in organizer as we go

Purebred OperationsPurebred Operations

Cattle used as dams and sires of Cattle used as dams and sires of calves grown for marketcalves grown for market

Allows improvement and Allows improvement and accentuation on stockaccentuation on stock

Shows to select the bestShows to select the best

Cow-Calf OperationsCow-Calf Operations

Calves grown out and sent to marketCalves grown out and sent to market Crossbred animalsCrossbred animals Centered in Southern and Western Centered in Southern and Western

statesstates– Weather for winter calvingWeather for winter calving

Cows fed roughage as grass or hayCows fed roughage as grass or hay Cows left on free range to have their Cows left on free range to have their

calvescalves Calves sold upon weaningCalves sold upon weaning

– Good health, vaccinated, castratedGood health, vaccinated, castrated

StockerStocker

Step between weaning of calves and Step between weaning of calves and finishing (fattening) prior to slaughterfinishing (fattening) prior to slaughter

Weaned calves weighing 300-500 Weaned calves weighing 300-500 pounds placed on pasture and fed pounds placed on pasture and fed rations to promote skeletal and rations to promote skeletal and muscular growthmuscular growth

StockerStocker

Stocker purchases from cow-calf Stocker purchases from cow-calf producer and sells to the feedlotproducer and sells to the feedlot

May also be operator of feedlotMay also be operator of feedlot– Fewer transportation costsFewer transportation costs

FeedlotFeedlot

Final phase before slaughterFinal phase before slaughter Fed high concentrate ration to put on Fed high concentrate ration to put on

proper amount of fatproper amount of fat Midwest- produces more grainsMidwest- produces more grains

FeedlotFeedlot

Range in sizeRange in size When proper degree of finish, they When proper degree of finish, they

are sent to the slaughterhouseare sent to the slaughterhouse Generally 18-24 months old and can Generally 18-24 months old and can

weigh 800-1,500 lbsweigh 800-1,500 lbs

FeedlotFeedlot

Graphic Organizer: Beef Graphic Organizer: Beef Cattle SegmentsCattle Segments

Design a flow chart for the segments Design a flow chart for the segments of the beef cattle industry.of the beef cattle industry.

Where do the cows start? Where do Where do the cows start? Where do they go? What happens when they they go? What happens when they get there? Where do they go from get there? Where do they go from there? Where does it end?there? Where does it end?

Segment StorySegment Story

Get out a sheet of paper. YOU are a Get out a sheet of paper. YOU are a calf. Write a story about your journey calf. Write a story about your journey through the segments of the beef through the segments of the beef industry. Be sure to include all steps industry. Be sure to include all steps and be as descriptive as possible. At and be as descriptive as possible. At least a page!least a page!

Book WorkBook Work

The Science Of Animal AgricultureThe Science Of Animal Agriculture Pg. 36-37 Pg. 36-37 True or FalseTrue or False

– Correct the falseCorrect the false Fill in the BlanksFill in the Blanks Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

– Answer in complete sentencesAnswer in complete sentences

VocabVocab

Dam-the mother of an animalDam-the mother of an animal Sire- the father of an animalSire- the father of an animal Roughage- a feed low in Roughage- a feed low in

carbohydrates and high in fiber carbohydrates and high in fiber contentcontent

VocabVocab

Weaned- a young animal no longer Weaned- a young animal no longer dependent on its mother’s milkdependent on its mother’s milk

Finishing- fatteningFinishing- fattening Ration- the feed allowed for an Ration- the feed allowed for an

animal in a 24 hour periodanimal in a 24 hour period

Describe the beef industry in an Describe the beef industry in an analogy. Explain your analogy in 3 analogy. Explain your analogy in 3 sentences or more.sentences or more.

Example:Example:– The Beef industry works like an The Beef industry works like an

assembly line. Each section has its own assembly line. Each section has its own job to reach the finished product. job to reach the finished product.

NutritionNutrition

Warm-up Warm-up

Name the breed of beef cattle that Name the breed of beef cattle that originated in the highlands of originated in the highlands of northern Scotland, the first imported northern Scotland, the first imported to the US in 1873 and can be used to the US in 1873 and can be used for milk and meat. for milk and meat.

What type of feed is required for beef What type of feed is required for beef cattle?cattle?

Provide students with knowledge of Provide students with knowledge of feeding industrial beef cattlefeeding industrial beef cattle

Know needed nutrients for cattleKnow needed nutrients for cattle

NutritionNutrition

Beef cows need most Beef cows need most nutritious diet during late nutritious diet during late gestation and lactatinggestation and lactating– Why do you think so?Why do you think so?

Dry ( not lactating), Dry ( not lactating), gestating mature cows gestating mature cows require little energy and require little energy and proteinprotein

NutritionNutrition

2 types of forages2 types of forages– Pasture or range grassesPasture or range grasses

Fed during the growing seasonFed during the growing season

– Stored foragesStored forages Hay or silage Hay or silage Fed to dry, pregnant cows in winterFed to dry, pregnant cows in winter

NutritionNutrition

Depending on size and use cows Depending on size and use cows consume 25 to 30 lbs of hay per dayconsume 25 to 30 lbs of hay per day

Beef cattle are raised in areas that Beef cattle are raised in areas that require 110+ acres per cow-calf pairrequire 110+ acres per cow-calf pair

NutritionNutrition Intensive Intensive

Rotational Rotational grazinggrazing– Cattle allowed Cattle allowed

to access to access grass for a grass for a day or two. day or two.

– 1-1.5 acres 1-1.5 acres can support can support cow-calf pair cow-calf pair for a yearfor a year

NutritionNutrition

Bulls can be fed stored forages when Bulls can be fed stored forages when not breedingnot breeding

Require grain before, during and Require grain before, during and after the breeding seasonafter the breeding season– Why do you think so?Why do you think so?

NutritionNutrition

Heifer calves fed a grain ration Heifer calves fed a grain ration during their first winterduring their first winter– Make sure they are heavy enough for Make sure they are heavy enough for

breeding at 13-14 monthsbreeding at 13-14 months

NutritionNutrition

Bulls, cows, and heifers should have Bulls, cows, and heifers should have access to salt and minerals at all access to salt and minerals at all timestimes

Cattle will self regulate their mineral Cattle will self regulate their mineral intakeintake

NutritionNutrition

Finishing cattle are fed a high-grain, Finishing cattle are fed a high-grain, high-energy diet containing little high-energy diet containing little forage. forage. – Rapid gains and higher carcass qualityRapid gains and higher carcass quality– Add the pounds! Add the pounds!

Feedlot DietFeedlot Diet

Fed low grain amount Fed low grain amount at firstat first

Gradually increased Gradually increased until 80-90% of diet is until 80-90% of diet is graingrain

Require supplemental Require supplemental protein protein

Feedlot DietFeedlot Diet Monensin and Lasalocid given to Monensin and Lasalocid given to

increase weight gain and feed efficiencyincrease weight gain and feed efficiency– How do you feel about your beef given How do you feel about your beef given

steroids?steroids? Frame size affects how finishing cattle Frame size affects how finishing cattle

should be fedshould be fed Are you growing bones late? Or just Are you growing bones late? Or just

muscles?muscles? Larger boned cows take longer to finishLarger boned cows take longer to finish

Feedlot DietFeedlot Diet

Small-framed cattle- low energy Small-framed cattle- low energy grower grain mixgrower grain mix– Increase lean muscle growthIncrease lean muscle growth

Average- high-energy grain Average- high-energy grain – Increase muscle growthIncrease muscle growth

Large- high-energy grain mixesLarge- high-energy grain mixes– Increase bone and muscle growthIncrease bone and muscle growth

VocabVocab

Silage- a crop, such as corn, that has Silage- a crop, such as corn, that has been preserved in its succulent been preserved in its succulent condition by partal fermentationcondition by partal fermentation

VocabVocab

Intensive rotational grazing- Cattle Intensive rotational grazing- Cattle allowed to access grass for a day or allowed to access grass for a day or two. two.

Bull- a male bovine that has not been Bull- a male bovine that has not been castratedcastrated

Heifer- a female bovine that has not Heifer- a female bovine that has not produced a calf produced a calf

ActivityActivity

Read the Articles to complete a Read the Articles to complete a compare and contrast essay on grain compare and contrast essay on grain fed vs. grass fed beef cattle. fed vs. grass fed beef cattle.

Graphic Organizer to follow!Graphic Organizer to follow!

Parasites and DiseasesParasites and Diseases

Warm-upWarm-up

Do you think cattle should be allowed Do you think cattle should be allowed free range of feed or continue the free range of feed or continue the way it has been going?way it has been going?

What are some parasites and What are some parasites and diseases common in beef cattle?diseases common in beef cattle?

Learn about common diseases and Learn about common diseases and parasitesparasites

How to treat these diseases and How to treat these diseases and parasitesparasites

ActivityActivity

Each group will be given a name and Each group will be given a name and information on a certain disease or information on a certain disease or parasite. This group will read the parasite. This group will read the information and will teach the class information and will teach the class what they have learned. Include what they have learned. Include causes, symptoms and treatment.causes, symptoms and treatment.

MangeMange

Mange mites infest hide of cattleMange mites infest hide of cattle Treat with dip in treatment solutionTreat with dip in treatment solution

WormsWorms

Stomach wormsStomach worms– Oral wormers are effectiveOral wormers are effective

Worm eggs at bottom of grass plantsWorm eggs at bottom of grass plants– Overgrazing increases chanceOvergrazing increases chance– Pasture rotation helps treatPasture rotation helps treat

TuberculosisTuberculosis

Wasting diseaseWasting disease Symptoms similar to Johne’s Symptoms similar to Johne’s No signs No signs Infected through contaminated waterInfected through contaminated water

TuberculosisTuberculosis

Herds periodically testedHerds periodically tested Positive animals removedPositive animals removed

Housing and marketingHousing and marketing

Warm-up Warm-up

Create what you think beef cattle Create what you think beef cattle require for housing.require for housing.

How is beef marketed?How is beef marketed?

HousingHousing

SimpleSimple Shelter or windbreak in the most Shelter or windbreak in the most

bitter weatherbitter weather Thick trees or brushThick trees or brush Well drainedWell drained Shelter for newborn calves if born Shelter for newborn calves if born

during winterduring winter

MarketingMarketing

Read through the packet and answer Read through the packet and answer questions at the end. We will go over questions at the end. We will go over this when everyone is finished. Hand this when everyone is finished. Hand this in for a grade!this in for a grade!

MarketingMarketing

Using the information you have Using the information you have learned, create a brochure on beef. learned, create a brochure on beef. Include: popular breeds, average Include: popular breeds, average price, nutrition benefits, and price, nutrition benefits, and marketing methods used. Color and marketing methods used. Color and include pictures!include pictures!

Cuts of meatCuts of meat

Warm-upWarm-up

Where does steak come from?Where does steak come from?

What are the different cuts of meat What are the different cuts of meat and what part of the cattle are they and what part of the cattle are they from?from?

Cuts of MeatCuts of Meat

Using organizer of cattle, fill in blanks Using organizer of cattle, fill in blanks as we go along.as we go along.

ChuckChuck– Pot roast, short ribs, top blade steak, Pot roast, short ribs, top blade steak,

mock tender, groundmock tender, ground

Chuck roast Short ribs

RibRib– Rib eye roast and steak, back ribsRib eye roast and steak, back ribs

Rib eye steak

Rib eye roast

Back ribs

Short LoinShort Loin– T-bone, porterhouse, tenderloin steaksT-bone, porterhouse, tenderloin steaks

T-bonePorterhouse

SirloinSirloin– Sirloin steaks, tri tip roast and steakSirloin steaks, tri tip roast and steak

Sirloin steak

Tri tip roast Tri tip steak

RoundRound

– Tip steak, rump roast, round steak, roastTip steak, rump roast, round steak, roast

Round tip steak

Eye round steakBottom round rump roast

FlankFlank– Flank steak, skirt steak, steak rolls (Flank steak, skirt steak, steak rolls (

Flank steak

Skirt steak

Steak rolls

PlatePlate– GroundGround

Breast and foreshankBreast and foreshank– Corned beef, crosscut shank, brisket, Corned beef, crosscut shank, brisket,

groundground

Corned beef

Beef brisket

Shank cross cut

Look through the menus and try to Look through the menus and try to figure out why the different types of figure out why the different types of beef are different prices. beef are different prices.

Now that you have chosen why, read Now that you have chosen why, read through the packet on Beef Cuts through the packet on Beef Cuts Explained. Each group will be Explained. Each group will be assigned a cut of beef. Research this assigned a cut of beef. Research this more and present the information to more and present the information to the class. Include the quality and the class. Include the quality and location. Use books and computers. location. Use books and computers.

ReviewReview

Review for QuizReview for Quiz

industrial animals

industrial animal agriculture

animal agriculture fiel

industrial agriculture

lever act

morrill act

s land grant act

smithhughes actwrite

smithhughes actleft

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