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INDIVIDUAL FOOD

CONSUMPTION SURVEYDISSEMINATION FORUM

July 28, 2020

DOST-FNRI, Taguig City

FOOD CONSUMPTION SURVEY: Individual Level

EXPANDED NATIONAL NUTRITION SURVEY: 2018

Individual Food Consumption Survey

IFCS provides data on the intake, food quantities, and nutrient adequacies of the different population groups

Lactating

Mothers

Preschool-age

children AdolescentsSchool-age

childrenAdults Elderly

Pregnant

Women

SIGNIFICANCE vital for shaping food and health guidelines

planning and evaluating programs

understanding consumption patterns

developing strategies for health promotion and disease prevention

to track progress in addressing SDG targets by 2030 particularly Goal 2

RATIONALE

Coverage by Population Group

YOUNG CHILDREN (n=10,195)

6 mo.-11 mo. (n=755)

1-2 years old (n=3,387)

3-5 years old (n=6,053)

SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN (n=14,556)

6-9 years old (n=8,641)

10-12 years old (n=5,915)

n= 80,540

ADOLESCENTS (n=10,027)

13-15 years old (n=5,519)

16-18 years old (n=4,508)

ELDERLY (n=8,643)

60-69 years old (n=5,339)

70 years old and above (n=3,304)

LACTATING(n=2,219)

PREGNANT

(n=741)

ADULTS(n=34,159)

19-29 years old (n=9,248)

30-49 years old (n=16,953)

50-59 years old (n=7,958)

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

Food Recall

Face-to-face interview

Two (2) Non-Consecutive Days

24-hour Food Recall

1st day - All members of the sampledhouseholds

2nd day - 50% of the sampledhouseholds

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

Food RecallAll foods and beverages consumed from the time the subject woke up until bedtime

Quantities were expressed in terms of cups, tablespoon, or by size and number of pieces and converted into grams or milliliters for analysis

DATA PROCESSING

Individual Dietary Evaluation System (IDES) developed by FNRI was used to evaluate the energy and nutrient content of foods consumed by each individual

This system contains the data of the expandedFilipino Food Composition Table (FCT)

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Mean and usual intake distributions ofnutrients were estimated by using thePC-SIDE software

The ISU method adjusts daily intakes to remove the effect ofintra-individual variability; therefore, the estimated distributiononly reflects between-person variability in intake (Nusser, et. al.,1992)

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges(AMDR) were used to evaluate Carbohydrates, TotalFat, and Protein intakes as percentage of energy

Proportion of inadequacy and excessive intakeswere classified as less than AMDR lower rangeand greater than AMDR upper range,respectively

INDIVIDUAL FOOD CONSUMPTION

INDIVIDUAL FOOD CONSUMPTION RESULTS

Contribution of Food Groups to Mean One-day Food Intake

Contribution of food groups to mean one-day food intake*among children and adolescents : Philippines, 2018

40.3% 39.9%45.9% 49.7% 52.0% 52.1% 49.4%

3.8%

5.8%5.9%

6.7% 7.7%8.5%

2.1%

11.8%

17.1%

20.1%20.3% 20.2% 20.8%50.3%

26.2%

8.7% 2.9%1.8% 1.3% 1.3%

5.8% 7.5% 6.5% 4.9% 5.1% 6.4%

0

20

40

60

80

100

6-11mos 1-2y 3-5y 6-9y 10-12y 13-15y 16-18y

Per

cen

t (%

)

Miscellaneous

Fruits

Vegetables

Dried Beans, Nuts and Seeds

Milk and Milk Products

Eggs

Fish, Meat and Poultry

Fats and Oils

Sugar and Syrups

Starchy Roots and Tubers

Cereals and Cereal Products

145g 248g 354g 441g 536g 618g 688g

*Intakes are expressed in Raw Edible Portion

Young Children School Children Adolescents

(58g)

(73g)

(99g)

(29g)

(65g)

(163g)

(60g)

(220g)

(89g)

(279g)

(109g)

(322g)

(125g)

(340g)

(143g)

(31g)

Contribution of food groups to mean one-day food intake*among adults, elderly, pregnant and lactating mothers: Philippines, 2018

47.2% 47.8% 48.6% 53.9%

7.9% 5% 4.2%

4.2%

20.2% 19.3% 19.1%18.3%

8.3% 10.7% 9.1% 9.6%

7.1% 5.8% 3.9% 4.5%

0

20

40

60

80

100

19-59y >60y Pregnant Lactating

Pe

rce

nt

(%)

Miscellaneous

Fruits

Vegetables

Dried Beans, Nuts and Seeds

Milk and Milk Products

Eggs

Fish, Meat and Poultry

Fats and Oils

Sugar and Syrups

Starchy Roots and Tubers

Cereals and Cereal Products

700g 539g 642g 640g

*Intakes are expressed in Raw Edible Portion

Adults Elderly Women

(330g) (257g) (312g)(345g)

(1411g) (104g) (123g)

(117g)

(58g)(58g)

(58g)(61g)

5.1% 6.3%

Mean Energy Intake, Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) and

Recommended Energy Intake (REI) by age groups: Philippines, 2018

452

740

937

1140

1400

16081737 1690

1302

16031671

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

6-11 mons. 1-2y 3-5y 6-9y 10-12y 13-15y 16-18y 19-59y >60 y Pregnant Lactating

En

erg

y I

nta

ke

(k

ca

l)

Energy

1753

23172402

Young Children Schoolchildren Adolescents Adults Elderly

627

868

1126

1497

2305

1909

2003

2220

675

960

1305

1535

2020

2435

2645

2230

1875

2200

2400

REIEER

INDIVIDUAL FOOD CONSUMPTION RESULTS

Food Sources of Total Energy Intake

Milk powder,

filled (11.4%)

Rice (30.8%)

Milk, powder,

Growing up

(1-3y.o) (4.6%)

Infant formula

(3.1%)

TOP 5 Food Sources of the Total Energy Intake: Philippines, 2018

YOUNG CHILDREN (6m-5y)

Cooking oil

(2.1%)

SCHOOLCHILDREN (6-12y) ADOLESCENTS (13-18y)

Rice (48.2%)

Cooking oil

(2.7%)

Pork, lean

(2.6%)

Hotdog (1.8%)

Pandesal

(1.8%)

Rice (54.4%)

Pork, lean

(3.0%)

Cooking oil

(2.4%)

Pork, belly

(2.2%)

Pandesal

(1.3%)

TOP 5 Food Sources of the Total Energy Intake: Philippines, 2018

ADULTS (19-59y) ELDERLY (≥ 60y) PREGNANT LACTATING

Rice (54.5%)

Pork, lean

(3.2%)

3 in 1 coffee

(2.7%)

Cooking oil

(2.0%)

Pork, belly

(2.0%)

Rice (51.9%)

3 in 1 coffee

(3.2%)

Pandesal

(3.1%)

Pork, lean

(2.7%)

Pande monay(1.8%)

Rice (50.5%)

Milk powdered, filled (2.5%)

Pork, lean

(2.5%)

Cooking oil

(2.2%)

Pork, belly

(2.1%)

Rice (58.1%)

3 in 1 coffee

(2.7%)

Pork, lean

(2.7%)

Pandesal

(1.9%)

Cooking oil

(1.9%)

INDIVIDUAL FOOD CONSUMPTION RESULTS

Prevalence of Macronutrients Inadequacy and Excessiveness

(as % energy)

80.2

45.8

13.9

21.9

31.938.5 35.8

14.2

31.8

19.0

10.56.7 5.5 7.0

0

20

40

60

80

100

6-11 m 1-2 y 3-5 y 6-9y 10-12y 13-15y 16-18y

% <AMDR (Inadequate) % > AMDR (Excessive)

Pre

vale

nce

%Prevalence of Fat Inadequacy and Excessiveness among

children and adolescents (as % energy)

Young children Schoolchildren Adolescents

Pre

vale

nce

% 48.4

58.1

39.0

55.6

3.0 2.0 2.5 1.50

20

40

60

80

100

Adult(19-59 y)

Elderly (≥60 y )

Pregnant Lactating

% < AMDR (Inadequate)

% > AMDR (Excessive)

Prevalence of Fat Inadequacy and Excessiveness among adult, elderly, pregnant and lactating mothers (as % energy)

7.90.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

41.8

30.2

21.616.6 14.1 14.1 15.6

0

20

40

60

80

100

6-11 m 1-2 y 3-5 y 6-9 y 10-12 y 13-15 y 16-18 y

% <AMDR (Inadequate) % > AMDR (Excessive)

Pre

vale

nce

%

Prevalence of Protein Inadequacy and Excessiveness among children and adolescents (as % energy)

Young children Schoolchildren Adolescents

Pre

vale

nce

%

Prevalence of Protein Inadequacy and Excessiveness among adult, elderly, pregnant and lactating mothers (as % energy)

1.3 2.7 2.5 4.4

22.730.2

25.118.2

0

20

40

60

80

100

Adult (19-59 y)

Elderly (≥60 y )

Pregnant Lactating

% < AMDR (Inadequate) % > AMDR (Excessive)

2.2

16.1 16.1

8.3 5.5 4.2 6.4

83.4

22.8

3.3 4.47.6 9.1 8.5

0

20

40

60

80

100

6-11m 1-2y 3-5 y 6-9 y 10-12 y 13-15 y 16-18y

% <AMDR (Inadequate) % > AMDR (Excessive)

Pre

vale

nce %

Prevalence of Carbohydrates Inadequacy and Excessiveness among children and adolescents (as % energy)

Young children Schoolchildren Adolescents

Pre

vale

nce

%

4.0 2.5 3.6 2.0

27.334.1

21.1

37.2

0

20

40

60

80

100

Adult(19-59 y)

Elderly(≥60 y )

Pregnant Lactating

% < AMDR (Inadequate) % > AMDR (Excessive)

Prevalence of Carbohydrates Inadequacy and Excessiveness among adult, elderly, pregnant and lactating mothers (as % energy)

INDIVIDUAL FOOD CONSUMPTION RESULTS

Micronutrient Inadequacy

Prevalence of Vitamin A Inadequacy by age groups: Philippines, 2018

69.3

47.844.8

63.1

76.173.0 72.3

60.3

74.8

66.8

74.0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

6-11 m 1-2 y 3-5 y 6-9 yo 10-12 y 13-15 y 16-18 y Adult Elderly Pregnant Lactating

Pre

va

len

ce

%

Young Children Schoolchildren Adolescent

% < EAR

Prevalence of Vitamin C Inadequacy by age groups: Philippines, 2018

48.8

69.2

83.1

94.1 97.1 96.7 96.0 94.591.2

95.2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1-2 y 3-5 y 6-9 y 10-12 y 13-15 y 16-18 yo Adult Elderly Pregnant Lactating

Pre

va

len

ce

%

Young Children Schoolchildren Adolescent

No EAR available for Vitamin C of 6-11 months

% < EAR

Prevalence of Iron Inadequacy by age groups: Philippines, 2018

77.9 79.484.0

79.6

96.0 98.495.0

98.7 99.6 100.0 100.0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

6-11 m 1-2 y 3-5 y 6-9 y 10-12 y 13-15 y 16-18 yo Adult Elderly Pregnant Lactating

Pre

va

len

ce

%

Young Children Schoolchildren Adolescent

% < EAR

Prevalence of Calcium Inadequacy by age groups: Philippines, 2018

53.8 56.3

74.9

91.8 92 90.2 87.1

95.3 95.388.7

93.7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

6-11 m 1-2 y 3-5 y 6-9 y 10-12 y 13-15 y 16-18 yo Adult Elderly Pregnant Lactating

Pre

va

len

ce

%

Young Children Schoolchildren Adolescent

% < EAR

Prevalence of Thiamine Inadequacy by age groups: Philippines, 2018

58.855.5 58.2

61.3

72.8 74.578.9

81.9

92.688.3 85.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

6-11 m 1-2 y 3-5 y 6-9 y 10-12 y 13-15 y 16-18 yo Adult Elderly Pregnant Lactating

Pre

va

len

ce

%

Young Children Schoolchildren Adolescent

% < EAR

Prevalence of Riboflavin Inadequacy by age groups: Philippines, 2018

60.2

34.6

43.2

61.6

80.886.6

90.284.3

91.0 91.2 93.0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

6-11 m 1-2 y 3-5 y 6-9 y 10-12 y 13-15 y 16-18 y Adult Elderly Pregnant Lactating

Pre

vale

nce

%

Young Children Schoolchildren Adolescent

% < EAR

Prevalence of Niacin Inadequacyby age groups: Philippines, 2018

53.249.8

16.2 14.217.2 15.9 18.0

9.7

28.932.3

26.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

6-11 m 1-2 y 3-5 y 6-9 y 10-12 y 13-15 y 16-18 yo Adult Elderly Pregnant Lactating

Pre

va

len

ce

%

Young Children Schoolchildren Adolescent

% < EAR

INDIVIDUAL FOOD CONSUMPTION RESULTS

Food Sources of Micronutrients

YOUNG CHILDREN (6m-5y) SCHOOLCHILDREN (6-12y) ADOLESCENTS (13-18y)

TOP 5 Food Sources of VITAMIN A (%contribution): Philippines, 2018

Milk, powdered,

filled (45.1%)

Chicken egg

(6.8%)

Chicken

liver

(22.8%)

Pork liver (4.0%)

Chicken liver

(12.3%)

Milk, powdered,

filled (10.6%)

Chicken egg

(10.3%)

Pork liver (10.2%)

Pork, lean (6.2%)

Chicken

liver

(20.8%)

Pork liver (15.2%)

Chicken egg

(7.7%)

Pork, lean

(7.1%)

Canned

sardines (4.4%)Infant formula

(3.1%)

ADULTS (19-59y) ELDERLY (≥ 60y) PREGNANT LACTATING

TOP 5 Food Sources of VITAMIN A (%contribution): Philippines, 2018

Pork liver

(24.5%)

Chicken liver

(21.6%)

Pork, lean

(6.1%)

Chicken Egg

(5.3%)

Canned

sardines (3.3%)

Chicken

liver (19.6%)

Pork liver

(15.2%)

Pork, lean

(5.3%)

Milk, powdered,

filled (5.2%)

Chicken Egg

(4.8%)

Pork liver

(21.6%)

Milk, powdered,

filled (13.2%)

Chicken liver(7.7%)

Chicken egg

(5.5%)

Pork, lean

(4.9%)

Chicken liver

(22.8%)

Pork liver

(10.5%)

Chicken egg

(6.8%)

Pork, lean

(5.9%)

Milk, powdered,

filled (5.7%)

YOUNG CHILDREN (6m-5y) SCHOOLCHILDREN (6-12y) ADOLESCENTS (13-18y)

TOP 5 Food Sources of VITAMIN C (%contribution): Philippines, 2018

Infant Formula

(11.0%)

Milk, powder,

Growing up

(30.5%)

Milk, powdered,

filled (13.8%)

Banana Saba

(8.6%)

Chocolate flavor

drink, powdered

(5.7%)

Malunggay

leaves (5.4%)

Powdered iced tea

(4.7%)

Milk powder,

filled (3.9%)

Banana Saba

(7.2%)

Malunggay

leaves (6.4%)

Indian Mango,

unripe (5.3%)

Lemon tea drink,

tetrabrick (4.9%)

Powdered Iced

Tea (4.0%)

Banana Saba

(4.4%)

Chocolate flavor

drink, powdered

(3.5%)

ADULTS (19-59y) ELDERLY (≥ 60y) PREGNANT LACTATING

TOP 5 Food Sources of VITAMIN C (%contribution): Philippines, 2018

Banana,

saba (9.9%)

Malunggay

leaves (7.0%)

Malunggay

pod (5.2%)

Pechay

leaves (4.3%)

Taro, leaves

(4.3%)

Banana,

saba (11.3%)

Malunggay

leaves (9.5%)

Taro, leaves

(5.2%)

Powdered Iced

tea (4.1%)

Banana,

lacatan (3.9%)

Banana, saba(7.2%)

Papaya fruit, ripe (6.4%)

Malunggay

leaves (6.3%)

Indian mango, unripe (5.8%)

Taro leaves (5.3%)

Malunggay

leaves (11.9%)

Banana,

saba (10.2%)

Malunggay

pod (5.2%)

Taro leaves

(4.5%)

Potato (3.7%)

YOUNG CHILDREN (6m-5y) SCHOOLCHILDREN (6-12y) ADOLESCENTS (13-18y)

TOP 5 Food Sources of IRON (%contribution): Philippines, 2018

Rice (14.7%)

Milk, powder,

Growing up

(1-3y.o) (9.7%)

Hotdog (7.4%)

Infant formula (6.5%)

Chocolate flavor drink, powdered (4.8%)

Rice (25.1%)

Hotdog (9.1%)

Chocolate flavor drink, powdered (4.9 %)

Pandesal

(3.0%)

Rice (31.1%)

Hotdog (6.8%)

Pork, lean (2.9%)

Chicken Egg (3.7%)

Chicken Egg (3.0%)

Chicken, white meat (2.5%)

ADULTS (19-59y) ELDERLY (≥ 60y) PREGNANT LACTATING

TOP 5 Food Sources of IRON (%contribution): Philippines, 2018

Rice (31.2%)

Pandesal (3.4%)

Hotdog (3.4%)

Pork, lean

(3.1%)

Chicken egg

(2.6%)

Rice (28.4%)

Pandesal

(5.5%)

Pande monay

(3.4%)

White loaf

bread (2.9%)

Pork, lean

(2.5%)

Rice (26.0%)

Hotdog (5.4%)

Chocolate flavor drink, powdered (4.3%)

Pandesal

(3.3%)

Chicken egg

(2.3%)

Rice (34.0%)

Pandesal (3.5%)

Hotdog (3.3%)

Chicken

egg (2.9%)

Chicken,

white meat

(2.6%)

YOUNG CHILDREN (6m-5y) SCHOOLCHILDREN (6-12y) ADOLESCENTS (13-18y)

TOP 5 Food Sources of CALCIUM (%contribution): Philippines, 2018

Milk, powdered,

filled (37.6%)

Infant Formula

(10.9%)

Milk, powder,

Growing up

(1-3y.o) (10.4%)

Milk, powder,

Growing up

(3-5y.o) (5.0%)

Rice (4.6%)

Rice (17.4%)

Milk, powdered,

filled (13.3%)

Chicken, white

meat (3.5%)

Canned sardines

(2.7%)

Chocolate flavor drink,

powdered (2.5%)

Rice (23.2%)

Milk, powdered,

filled (5.5%)

Chicken, white

meat (3.9%)

Canned sardines

(3.2%)

Pork, lean (1.8%)

ADULTS (19-59y) ELDELY (≥ 60y) PREGNANT LACTATING

TOP 5 Food Sources of CALCIUM (%contribution): Philippines, 2018

Rice (21.8%)

Chicken, white

meat (3.6%)

Milk, powdered,

filled (3.4%)

Canned

sardines (2.8%)

Beer, pale

Pilsen (2.2%)

Rice (17.4%)

Milk, powdered,

filled (7.2%)

Milk, hi-calcium, nonfat/lowfatpowdered (3.5%)

Dried anchovy

(3.1%)

Chicken,

white meat

(2.7%)

Rice (15.7%)

Milk, powdered, filled (10.7%)

Milk, hi-calcuim, nonfat/lowfatpowdered (4.2%)

Dried anchovy

(3.1%)

Chicken, white meat (2.3%)

Rice (22.0%)

Milk, powdered, filled (7.9%)

Chicken, white

meat (3.6%)

Canned sardines (2.8%)

Malunggay

leaves (2.0%)

SUMMARY

Disparity in food intakes were observed across age/population groups, with adults having the highest average one-day food intake.

Adolescents obtained the highest consumption of fish, meat and meat products while lactating mothers were the biggest consumers of cereals and cereal products.

Energy inadequacy was seen in all age/population groups but was most notable among the infants 6-11 months, adolescents and elderly.

SUMMARY

Inadequacy and excessiveness of energy intake for total fat, protein and carbohydrates were observed across age/population groups with young children, elderly and lactating mothers having the highest prevalence of inadequacy for fat but also having the highest excessiveness for carbohydrates.

Nutrient inadequacies was seen in all age/population groups with more than 50% not meeting the requirement for most of the nutrients.

SUMMARY

Iron was the least met micronutrient in the diet of all age/population groups while niacin was the most met.

Rice remains the top source of energy and iron in all age groups excluding young children where the primary source is from milk and milk products. Other sources include meat and meat products, vegetables and eggs.

Raw Edible Portion (REP) refers to the form of food after removal of inedible parts like bones, shells, etc.

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)defined as a range of intakes for a particular energy source that is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease while providing adequate intakes of essential nutrients. An AMDR is expressed as a percentage of total energy intake

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)is based on calculations that account for an individual's energy intake, energy expenditure, age, sex, weight, height, and physical activity level

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)daily nutrient intake level that meets the median or average requirement of healthy individuals in particular life stage and sex group, corrected for incomplete utilization or dietary nutrient bioavailability.

Recommended Energy/Nutrient Intake (REI/RNI)is the level of intake of energy or nutrient which is considered adequate for the maintenance of health and well-being of healthy persons in the population

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Reference:

Philippine Dietary Reference Intakes (2015). Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Taguig City.

Dietary Reference Intake. Retrieved from https:www.canada.ca/en/healthy-eating/dietary-reference-inatkes.html#a7a on July 15, 2020.