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DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
FOR
PROPOSED UNA MARKETING TERMINAL
Village: Pekhubella Una, Himachal Pradesh
SUBMITTED TO
M/s INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED
PREPARED BY
M/s. ULTRA-TECH ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY AND CONSULTANCY
(Gazzeted By MoEF) Unit No. 206, 224, 225 Jai Commercial Complex, Eastern Express Highway,
Opp Cadbury Factory, Khopat, Thane (West) – 400 061 Tel: 022 2534 2776, Fax: 022 25429650, Email: sales@ultratech.In
Website: www.ultratech.in
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................. 1
CHAPTER 2. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 8
2.1 Introduction of Project & Project Proponent.................................................................... 8
2.2 Brief description of Nature, Size and Location of the project ......................................... 9
2.3 Scope of the Study.......................................................................................................... 11
2.4 Applicable Environmental Regulations ......................................................................... 11
2.5 Objective & Scope of EIA Study ................................................................................... 12
2.6 Structure of EIA Report ................................................................................................. 13
2.7 Terms of References recommended by SEAC ............................................................... 14
CHAPTER 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION............................................................................... 16
3.1 Need & Justification of the Project ................................................................................ 16
3.2 Site Details and Location ............................................................................................... 17
3.3 Size or Magnitude of Operations ................................................................................... 19
3.4 Salient Features of the PRoject ...................................................................................... 20
3.4.1 Process and Storage Details .................................................................................... 20
3.4.2 Truck Loading Facility (TLF) Sheds ...................................................................... 23
3.4.3 Product Pump House............................................................................................... 23
3.4.4 Fire Fighting Facilities ............................................................................................ 23
3.4.5 Dyke Wall Facility .................................................................................................. 24
3.4.6 Instrumentation and Automation ............................................................................ 24
3.5 Safety Measures ............................................................................................................. 25
3.6 Basic Requirements ........................................................................................................ 28
3.6.1 Water Requirement ................................................................................................. 28
3.6.2 Power Requirement ................................................................................................. 29
3.6.3 Utility Area ............................................................................................................ 29
3.6.2 Manpower Requirement.......................................................................................... 29
3.7 Water and Wastewater Management.............................................................................. 29
3.7.1 Water Consumption and Wastewater Generation Details ...................................... 29
3.8 Solid and Hazardous Waste Disposal System ................................................................ 29
3.8.1 Waste Generated from Spillage and Leakages ....................................................... 30
CHAPTER 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT .................................................. 31
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP ii
4.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 31
4.2 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 31
4.3 Study Area included in Environmental Setting .............................................................. 31
4.3.1 Land Use/Land Cover of the Study Area ................................................................ 31
4.4 Meteorological Data ....................................................................................................... 35
4.5 Ambient Air Quality....................................................................................................... 40
4.5.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study ...................................................................... 40
4.5.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques ..................................................................... 41
4.6 Noise............................................................................................................................... 42
4.6.1 Objective ................................................................................................................. 43
4.6.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 43
4.6.3 Method of Monitoring and Parameters Measured .................................................. 44
4.6.4 Noise Results .......................................................................................................... 45
4.7 Water Environment ........................................................................................................ 46
4.7.1 Ground Water Hydrology ....................................................................................... 46
4.7.2 Selection of Sampling Locations ............................................................................ 46
4.7.3 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 47
4.7.4 Ground and Surface Water Quality......................................................................... 47
4.8 Soil ................................................................................................................................. 48
4.8.1 Selection of sampling Locations ............................................................................. 48
4.8.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 48
4.8.3 Soil Results ............................................................................................................. 48
4.9 Ecology Environment ..................................................................................................... 49
4.9.1 Existing status of Flora in the Study Area: ............................................................. 49
4.9.2 Existing status of Fauna in the area: ....................................................................... 50
4.10 Socio-Economic Environment ....................................................................................... 51
4.10.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 51
4.10.2 Project Location ..................................................................................................... 51
4.10.3 Una: Basic Information .......................................................................................... 51
4.10.4 Socio-Economic Details of Study Area ................................................................. 52
4.10.5 Methodology .......................................................................................................... 52
4.10.6 Demography ........................................................................................................... 52
4.10.7 SC/ST Population................................................................................................... 53
4.10.8 Literacy .................................................................................................................. 53
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP iii
4.10.9 Economic Activity ................................................................................................. 54
4.10.10 Occupational structure ............................................................................................ 54
4.10.11 Infrastructure ........................................................................................................... 56
CHAPTER 5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
MEASURES ................................................................................................................................ 57
5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 57
5.2 Impact Assessment ......................................................................................................... 57
5.2.1 During Construction Phase ..................................................................................... 57
5.2.2 During Operation Phase .......................................................................................... 58
5.3 Impact Mitigation Measures ......................................................................................... 59
5.3.1 During Construction Phase ..................................................................................... 59
5.3.2 During Operation Phase .......................................................................................... 61
5.4 Impact Matrix ................................................................................................................. 63
5.5 Summary of Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures ....................................... 65
5.5 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................. 72
CHAPTER 6. PROJECT BENEFITS....................................................................................... 73
6.1 Project Benefits .............................................................................................................. 73
6.2 Improvements in the Physical Infrastructure ................................................................. 73
6.3 Improvements in the Social Infrastructure ..................................................................... 73
6.4 Employment Potential .................................................................................................... 74
6.5 CSR and Socio-Economic Development ....................................................................... 74
6.6 Direct Revenue Earning to the National and State Exchequer....................................... 75
6.7 Other Tangible Benefits ................................................................................................. 75
CHAPTER 7. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN .............. 76
7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 76
7.2 EMP during Construction Phase .................................................................................... 76
7.2.1 Air Environment ..................................................................................................... 77
7.2.2 Noise Environment ................................................................................................. 77
7.2.3 Water Environment ................................................................................................. 77
7.2.4 Land Environment .................................................................................................. 78
7.2.5 Biological Environment .......................................................................................... 78
7.2.6 Socio-economic Environment ................................................................................. 78
7.2.7 Health and Safety .................................................................................................... 79
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP iv
7.3 EMP during Operation ................................................................................................... 79
7.3.1 Air Environment ..................................................................................................... 79
7.3.2 Noise Environment ................................................................................................. 79
7.3.3 Water Environment ................................................................................................. 80
7.3.4 Land Environment .................................................................................................. 80
7.3.5 Biological Environment .......................................................................................... 81
7.3.6 Socio-economic Environment ................................................................................. 81
7.4 Capital / Recurring Expenditure on Environmental Management ................................. 82
7.5 Environmental Monitoring Programme ......................................................................... 82
7.5.1 Ambient Air Quality ............................................................................................... 84
7.5.2 Surface Water Quality............................................................................................. 84
7.5.3 Ground Water Quality ................................................................................................ 84
7.5.4 Soil Quality ................................................................................................................ 85
7.5.5 Noise Level ................................................................................................................. 85
7.6 Environmental Management Cell................................................................................... 85
CHAPTER 8. ADDITIONAL STUDIES .................................................................................. 86
8.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 86
8.2 Storage System ............................................................................................................... 88
8.2.1 General Classification of Petroleum Products ........................................................ 88
8.2.2 Hazardous Area ....................................................................................................... 88
8.2.3 Storage Tank Details ............................................................................................... 88
8.2.4 Fire Fighting Facilities provided at Una Greenfield Storage at Una ...................... 92
8.2.5 Other Civil Facilities: .............................................................................................. 93
8.3 Hazard Identification ...................................................................................................... 93
8.3.1 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 93
8.3.2 Mechanical Hazards ................................................................................................ 93
8.3.3 Fire & Explosion Index ........................................................................................... 94
8.3.4 Process Hazard ........................................................................................................ 95
8.4 Consequence Modeling .................................................................................................. 98
8.4.1 Damage Criteria ...................................................................................................... 99
8.4.2 Risk Analysis of Storage tank area ......................................................................... 99
8.4.3 Consequential effects ............................................................................................ 100
8.4.4 Damage Criteria .................................................................................................... 101
8.5 Risk Mitigation ............................................................................................................. 106
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP v
8.6 Conclusion & Recommendations for Risk Reduction ................................................ 107
CHAPTER 9. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED ....................................... 109
9.1 Consultants Engaged .................................................................................................... 109
9.2 Laboratory for Analysis ............................................................................................... 110
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1: Tankage Details at Una Terminal .................................................................................. 2
Table 1.2: Schedule of Pumps ........................................................................................................ 3
Table 1.3: Details of Fire Tanks ..................................................................................................... 3
Table 1.4: Schedule of Fire Pumps ................................................................................................. 4
Table 1.5: Dyke Wall Details.......................................................................................................... 4
Table 2.1: Project & Project Proponent Description ...................................................................... 9
Table 2.2: Compliance with the Terms of Reference ................................................................... 14
Table 3.1: Throughput Projections ............................................................................................... 16
Table 3.2: Terminal Location Overview ....................................................................................... 17
Table 3.3: Area Details ................................................................................................................. 20
Table 3.4: Details of Proposed Storage Capacity ......................................................................... 22
Table 3.5: Schedule of Pumps ...................................................................................................... 23
Table 3.6: Details of Fire Tanks ................................................................................................... 24
Table 3.7: Schedule of Fire Pumps ............................................................................................... 24
Table 3.8: Dyke Wall Details........................................................................................................ 24
Table 3.9: Non Hazardous waste .................................................................................................. 29
Table 3.10: Hazardous waste ........................................................................................................ 30
Table 4.1: Landuse / Landcover Statistics of Area within 10 km Radius..................................... 32
Table 4.2: Landuse / Landcover Statistics of Area within 500m Bugger Area ............................ 33
Table 4.2: Meteorological Monitoring At Site ............................................................................. 35
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP vi
Table 4.3: Meteorological Data Recorded at Site ......................................................................... 35
Table 4.4: Ambient Air Quality Sampling Locations of the Study Area...................................... 40
Table 4.5: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results .................................................................... 41
Table 4.6: Techniques Used For Ambient Air Quality Monitoring.............................................. 42
Table 4.7: Noise Level Monitoring Stations in the Study Area .................................................... 44
Table 4.8: Ambient Noise Level in the Study Area ...................................................................... 45
Table 4.9: Ambient Air Quality Standards ................................................................................... 45
Table 4.10: Water Quality Sampling Locations .......................................................................... 46
Table 4.11: Ground Water Characteristics.................................................................................... 47
Table 4.12: Surface Water Characteristics.................................................................................... 47
Table 4.13: Soil Sampling Stations in the Study Area.................................................................. 48
Table 4.14: Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area .................................................. 49
Table 4.15: List of naturally occurring trees within Study Area .................................................. 49
Table 4.16: List of under growth plants ........................................................................................ 50
Table 4.17: List of fruit trees ........................................................................................................ 50
Table 4.18: List of Faunal members of the project area ............................................................... 50
Table 4.19: Demographic Attributes for Una District .................................................................. 52
Table 4.20: Demographic Characteristics of Study Area ............................................................. 52
Table 4.21: SC & ST population in the study area ....................................................................... 53
Table 4.22: Literacy in the Study Area ......................................................................................... 53
Table 4.23: Status of Working Population in the Study Area....................................................... 54
Table 4.24: Distribution of Main Workers by Category ............................................................... 55
Table 5.1: Impact Matrix .............................................................................................................. 63
Table 5.2: Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures ........................................................... 65
Table 5.3: Overall Matrix ............................................................................................................. 72
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP vii
Table 7.1: Expenditure on Environmental Matters ....................................................................... 82
Table 7.2: Post Study Environmental Monitoring Program ......................................................... 83
Table 8.1: Storage of Class A & class B & Fire water Tanks ...................................................... 89
Table 8.2: Schedule of Facilities ................................................................................................... 90
Table 8.3: Schedule of Pumps ...................................................................................................... 91
Table 8.4: Schedule of Fire Fighting Pumps ................................................................................ 92
Table 8.5: Overall Dimensions of Dykes ...................................................................................... 92
Table 8.6: TLF Point Details ........................................................................................................ 92
Table 8.7: TLD Point Details ........................................................................................................ 92
Table 8.8: Failure Causes of Hydrocarbon Storage Tank ............................................................. 94
Table 8.9: F&E Index ................................................................................................................... 95
Table 8.10: Hazard Categories as per Dow’s F&EI ..................................................................... 96
Table 8.11: Hazard Identification ................................................................................................. 97
Table 8.11 VCE Blast Pressure Calculation: .............................................................................. 101
Table 9.1: EIA Team................................................................................................................... 109
Table 9.2: Functional Area Experts Involved in the EIA ........................................................... 110
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1: Toposheet Map of 10 Km Study Area ........................................................................ 10
Figure 3.1: Project Location ......................................................................................................... 18
Figure 3.2: Google Image of the Study Area ................................................................................ 19
Figure 3.3: Site Layout Plan ......................................................................................................... 20
Figure 3.4: Process Flow Chart ..................................................................................................... 21
Figure 4.1: Landuse/Landcover of 10 Km Study Area ................................................................. 32
Figure 4.2: Landuse/Landcover of 500 m Buffer Area ................................................................. 33
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP viii
Figure 4.3: 10 Km Study Area and Monitoring Locations ........................................................... 34
Figure 4.4: Windrose for period of March 2015 to June 2015 ..................................................... 36
Figure 4.4(a): Windrose for period of March 2015 to April 2015 ................................................ 37
Figure 4.4(b): Windrose for period of April 2015 to May 2015 ................................................... 38
Figure 4.4(c): Windrose for period of May 2015 to June 2015 .................................................... 39
Figure 4.6: Percentage Distribution of Main Workers in the Study Area .................................... 55
Figure 8.1: Map showing project site along with occupancies in 500 Meters buffer zone .......... 86
Figure 8.2: 500m buffer Contour Map .......................................................................................... 87
Figure 8.3: 500m buffer Drainage Map ........................................................................................ 87
Figure 8.4: Thermal Radiations for Pool Fire of HSD ............................................................... 102
Figure 8.5: Thermal Radiations for Pool Fire of Motor Spirit .................................................... 103
Figure 8.6: Thermal Radiations for Pool Fire of SKO and Ethanol ........................................... 104
Figure 8.7: Thermal Radiations for Pool Fire of Transmix ........................................................ 105
LIST OF ANNEXURES
ANNEXURE I: Project Site Layout Plan
ANNEXURE II: Disaster Management Plan
ANNEXURE III: Air Monitoring Results
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 1
CHAPTER 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 Introduction
M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is a premier Public Sector undertaking under the
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, Govt of India. The Corporation is India's largest company
by sales. Indian Oil is the highest ranked Indian company in the latest Fortune ‘Global 500’
listings, ranked at the 96th
position. Indian Oil's vision is driven by creating new infrastructure &
state of the art Marketing network which are world class & also strengthening the existing
marketing network with application of technology in each & every business process. Indian Oil
owns and controls 10 of India’s 20 refineries. It accounts for 31% share of national refining
capacity.
In order to meet the petroleum product demand of Defense forces protecting our borders in the
north & to cater to the local need in the State of Himachal Pradesh, bulk storage Petroleum Oil
Terminal at Pekhubella Village, Una is proposed to be set up on a 61.6 acres land acquired from
Himachal Pradesh Agricultural Dept. The terminal shall supply Petrol (MS), Kerosene (SKO),
High Speed Diesel (HSD) to carry out winter stocking for the armed forces & for the local
demand of State of Himachal Pradesh. Presently, land acquisition has been completed & NOC
has been obtained from various departments for change of land use for setting up a petroleum
storage terminal. The terminal operation shall be continued keeping in mind the Sustainable
development of the region. Further, Indian Oil Management is committed to contribute towards
improving socio-economic status of the surrounding local community.
The total numbers of tanks to be installed are 19, and the maximum total capacity will be 87,700
m3. The proposed storage terminal will receive the finished petroleum products by taping a
10.75” diameter branch pipeline of approximately 70 Km from existing Panipat–Ambala-
Jallandhar Pipeline (PAJPL) and will transfer these chemicals to end users by Road Tankers.
1.2 Project Description
Indian Oil Corporation Private Limited owns total plot area of 61.6 acres, out of which 60702.8
m2 is built-up area and 2.5 acres for parking. The total numbers of tanks to be installed are 19,
and the maximum total capacity will be 87700 m3. Petroleum products like Motor Spirit (MS),
Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO), High Speed Diesel (HSD), Ethanol, Transmix and Slop are
received, stored and dispatched from this installation. M/s IOCL have installed 19 Nos. of tanks
for the purpose. Details of product wise tankage at Una Terminal are given in Table 1.1.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 2
Table 1.1: Tankage Details at Una Terminal
SN Product Type of
Tank
Proposed Tanks
& Capacities
(m3)
Total Tankages
(m3)
Dimater
(m)
Height
(m)/
Length
m
Class of
Products
1 Motor Spirit
(Petrol)
IFRVT
UG
3 x 8000
1 x 20
24,020 30
2.25
14
5.5
Class ‘A’
2 High Speed
Diesel
CRVT
UG
3 x 16000
2 x 20
48,040 40
2.25
14
5.5
Class ‘B’
3 Superior
Kerosene Oil
(Kerosene)
CRVT
UG
2 x 6000
1 x 20
12,020 28
2.25
11
5.5
Class ‘B’
4 Ethanol IFRVT
UG
3 x 600
1 x 20
1,820 12
2.25
8
5.5
Class ‘A’
5 Transmix IFRVT
CRVT
1 x 600
1 x 600
1,200 12
12
8
8
Class ‘A’
Class ‘B’
6 Slop CRVT 1 x 600 600
Total 87,700
1.3 Technology and Process Description
There is no manufacturing process involved in the terminal. The process involved can be divided
into:
• Receipt of finished petroleum products through cross country pipelines.
• Storage of petroleum products in storage tanks fabricated as per international standards.
• Dispatch of petroleum products through Tank Lorries.
The entire operation of RECEIPT, STORAGE AND DISPATCH of petroleum products is
carried out in a closed system thereby eliminating risk of spillage of products and to achieve
enhanced safety
1.3.1 TLF Sheds
There will be two (2) nos. of TLF sheds having eight (8) nos. each of Tank trucks loading bays
respectively. The loading facilities will be bottom loading for MS and HSD whereas it will be
both top & bottom loading for SKO.
1.3.2 Water Supply
Requirement for the Project will be 10 m3
for construction phase and 31 m3
for Operational phase
from two (2) proposed bore wells.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 3
1.3.3 Product Pump House
Proposed project will have 1 Pump House: 115 m X 10 m with new product pumps along with
Pump House Manifold: 115 m X 35 m. The details of the proposed pumps are as shown in Table
1.2.
Table 1.2: Schedule of Pumps
Product
Capacity Head MLC
No of Pumps
Operation Standby
MS 360 m3/h 50 2 1
HSD 360 m3/h 50 4 1
SKO 360 m3/h 50 2 1
Ethanol 108 m3/h 60 2 1
MFA for MS 100 LpH 60 1 1
MFA for HSD 100 LpH 60 1 1
Blue Dye 0.10 m3/h 60 1 1
HSD, MS, SKO, Ethanol,
Bio-Diesel own use HSD 72 m
3/h 40 6 0
Borewell pump 100 m3/h 50 1 1
Sludge Pump for MS 72 m3/h 40 1 0
Sludge Pump for SKO 72 m3/h 40 1 0
Slop Oil Pump for HSD 72 m3/h 40 1 0
Mix Product 216 m3/h 50 1 1
Slop Oil 72 m3/h 40 1 0
1.3.4 Fire Fighting Facilities
Following Fire Fighting Facilities will be provided.
• Water Sprinkler system on proposed MS and HSD as per prevailing safety guidelines
issued by OISD
• Foam fighting system on proposed Diesel (HSD) and Petrol (MS) tanks as per prevailing
safety guidelines issued by OISD
• Provision of Fire hydrant piping network for the new product tank farms.
The Fire Water tanks have been provided as shown in Table 1.3 and Schedule of Fire Pumps
have been provided in Table 1.4. Additionally, Fire Water Shed has been provided of 35x14m.
Table 1.3: Details of Fire Tanks
SN Product Type of
Tank
Proposed Tanks
and Capacities
Total Tankages
m3
Dimater
(m)
Height
(m)
1 Fire Tank Water CRVT 3 x 4620 13,860 24 11
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 4
Table 1.4: Schedule of Fire Pumps
SN Description Capacity Head
mWC
Nos of Pumps
Operating Standby
1 Jockey Pumps Electrical Driven 60 m3/hr 110 1 1
2 Main Pumps Deisel Engine Driven 616 m3/hr 105 3 2
1.3.5 Dyke Wall Facility
Dyke wall shall be provided surrounding the POL tanks (above ground type). The Capacity of
each tank & Total maximum Capacity is highlighted below in Table 1.5.
Table 1.5: Dyke Wall Details
Sr. No. Dyke Wall Containing Tanks (No.) Max. Capacity Tank
m3
Overall
Dimension
Dyke - I MS (3x8000) 15,986 110 m x 110 m
Dyke – II HSD (3x16000) 27,090 130 m x 130 m
Dyke – III SKO (2x6000) 7,259 128 m x 49 m
Dyke - IV Ethanol
Transmix (2x600) 1,920
68 m x 22.5 m
46 m x 22.5 m
Dyke wall surrounding the above ground product tanks can accommodate spilled oil which is
more than the maximum capacity of the largest product tank in case of leakge. Dykes are
provided with adequate wall height as per OISD norms. Tank foundations are also provided with
impervious membrane to avoid seepage of product if any in to ground in case of leakage from
bottom plates. The tank farm flooring and dyke wall also are made impervious to prevent oil
from seeping into ground.
1.3.6 Instrumentation and Automation
Instrumentation and Automation will be provided through the following:
• Tank Farm Management system: These shall comprise of automation of receipt of products
from PAJPL.
• Valve Automation system: All the Tank Body Valves and exchange pit valves shall be
automated including remote operation with necessary safety interlocks. Further, the tank
body Valves shall be fitted with Remote Operated Shut Off Valves (ROSOV) to be closed by
a safety PLC in case of emergency. The same shall be in line with international SIL 2
requirements.
• Radar gages on all tanks: The gauges shall function in remote for the tank inventory and tank
shut down procedures
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 5
• Tank Lorry Filling System: The entire process of filling of the Tank Lorries shall be
automated along with necessary safety interlocks
• Access Control System: The system shall permit only authorized personnel to carry out the
operations within the terminal. The access shall be both role and application based system.
• Control Room with equipment: The control room shall monitor and log all events pertaining
to the operation of the terminal on real time basis.
• OTHERS:
� Position sensors for the tank farm dyke valves for real time indication on status of valves
� Push Button Stations outside Tank body valves for remote switching off of the product
tank body valves.
� Emergency Shut Down Procedures for various terminal operation activities.
1.3.7 Manpower
Total Manpower Requirement of the project will be 130 (30 direct and 100 indirect to include
contract labour and security personnel).
1.4 Description of Environment
The area around the proposed Terminal has been surveyed for physical features and existing
environmental scenario. The field survey has been done during Summer Season of year 2015.
The meteorological condition of the project site during the study period is presented in report.
During study period the pre-dominant wind direction in the region is from North-West to South-
East. The temperature varied from 10.20C to 40.5
0C, whereas, the relative humidity varied from
21% to 97%. The monthly mean wind speed was recorded 1.75 m/s.
The ambient air quality is determined at 10 locations. The PM10 varied from 61 to 85 µg/m3,
PM2.5 varied from 17 to 37 µg/m3, SO2 varied from 1 to 4 µg/m
3, NOx varied from 1 to 8 µg/m
3.
All values are within prescribed NAAQS 2009.
The noise data compiled on noise levels of the study area varied from 52 to 63 dB (A) in day time
and from 44 to 55 dB (A) in the night time.
The ecological study of the area has been conducted within 10 km radius of the project site in
order to understand the existing status of flora and fauna to generate baseline information and
evaluate the possible impacts on biological environment. It has been assessed that the impact on
local flora and fauna will be negligible due to the proposed project.
The socio-economic conditions are presented in the report. The impact on socio-economic
environment as some direct or indirect employment will be generated during the construction
and operation phases.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 6
1.5 Anticipated Environment Impacts and Environment Management Plan
The potential impacts of the Isolated Storage Terminal have been limited to the project site.
There will be insignificant impact on either air or water quality as no manufacturing process is
planned. Impact on soil quality is induced / short term in nature, and can be avoided by applying
good construction practices to reduce the impact, if any, on soils to a great extent. Adequate
measures need to be worked out for minimizing the loss of soils, by way of storage of topsoil and
then again laying it back after the completion of the construction of terminal.
Impacts on ambient air would mainly be due to dust emissions and movement of vehicles.
However these impacts would be short-term in nature. Impacts on ambient air during operational
phase would be due to emissions from DG set stacks and vehicles which will be very negligible
The detailed environmental management plan has been presented in the main report. IOCL will
ensure that all the statutory norms, emissions norms for air, water, and noise shall be maintained
during the construction and operation phases and in line with the proposed EMP.
1.6 Environmental Monitoring Programme
It is imperative that the IOCL should set up regular monitoring locations to assess the
environmental health in the post period. A post study monitoring programme is important as it
provides useful information on the following aspects.
• It helps to verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study.
• It helps to indicate warnings of the development of any alarming environmental situations,
and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures in advance.
1.7 Additional Studies
1.7.1 Demographic and Socio- Economic Profile
Analysis of the demographical statistics, based on Primary Census Abstract, 2001& field survey
reveals that the study area has a total population of 142,471 in the study area. Average scheduled
castes constitute about 19.62 % of the total population of villages in the study area. Scheduled
tribes constitute about 1.73% of the total population of villages in the study area. Villages in the
study area have fairly good infrastructure facilities.
1.7.2 Hazard Identification and Consequence Assessment
Hazards are identified for release of Motor Spirit, High Speed Diesel, Superior Kerosene Oil and
Ethanol for scenarios of catastrophic rupture of storage tank at proposed site. Consequence
analysis of all possible containment scenarios was carried out using DNV Technical Software
(PHAST). No domino effect envisaged as all tanks are adequately spaced and heat or
pressure wave is limited to dyke area.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 7
1.8 Project Benefits
• The project will improve supply of the High Speed Diesel (HSD), Petrol (MS) and Superior
Kerosene Oil (SKO), Ethanol in Himachal Pradesh which is vital for economic growth as
well as improving the quality of life.
• The project will cater to the winter socking for the defence forces.
• The project shall provide employment potential under unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled
categories. The employment potential shall increase with the start of construction activities,
reach a peak during construction phase and then reduce with completion of construction
activities. During operation phase also there will be employment opportunities, mainly in
service sector, although its magnitude will be much less.
• The direct employment opportunities with IOCL are extremely limited and the opportunities
exist mainly with the contractors and sub-contractors. These agencies will be persuaded to
provide the jobs to local persons on a preferential basis wherever feasible.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 8
CHAPTER 2. INTRODUCTION
2.1 Introduction of Project & Project Proponent
M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is a premier Public Sector undertaking under the
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, Govt of India. The Corporation is India's largest company
by sales. Indian Oil is the highest ranked Indian company in the latest Fortune ‘Global 500’
listings, ranked at the 96th
position. Indian Oil's vision is driven by creating new infrastructure &
state of the art Marketing network which are world class & also strengthening the existing
marketing network with application of technology in each & every business process. Indian Oil’s
vision is driven by a group of dynamic leaders who have made it a name to reckon with. IOCL is
a Globally Admired Company and has a Vision of being the Energy of India. Indian Oil owns
and controls 10 of India’s 20 refineries. It accounts for 31% share of national refining capacity.
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. operates a network of 11,214 km long crude oil, petroleum product
and gas pipelines with a capacity of 77.258 MMTPA of oil and 10 MMCMPD of gas. Cross-
country pipelines are globally recognized as the safest, cost-effective, energy-efficient and
environment-friendly mode for transportation of crude oil and petroleum products.
Indian Oil has one of the largest petroleum marketing and distribution networks in Asia, with
over 35,000 marketing touch points. Its ubiquitous petrol/diesel stations are located across
different terrains and regions of the Indian sub-continent. From the icy heights of the Himalayas
to the sun-soaked shores of Kerala, from Kutch on India's western tip to Kohima in the verdant
North East, Indian Oil is truly 'in every heart, in every part'. Indian Oil's vast marketing
infrastructure of petrol/diesel stations, Indane (LPG) distributorships, SERVO lubricants &
greases outlets and large volume consumer pumps are backed by bulk storage terminals and
installations, inland depots, aviation fuel stations, LPG bottling plants and lube blending plants
amongst others. The countrywide marketing operations are coordinated by 16 State Offices and
over 100 decentralized administrative offices.
In order to meet the petroleum product demand of Defense forces protecting our borders in the
north & to cater to the local need in the State of Himachal Pradesh, bulk storage Petroleum Oil
Terminal at Pekhubella Village, Una is proposed to be set up on a ~25 ha (61.6 acres) land
acquired from Himachal Pradesh Agricultural Dept. The terminal shall supply Petrol (MS),
Kerosene (SKO), High Speed Diesel (HSD) to carry out winter stocking for the armed forces &
for the local demand of State of Himachal Pradesh. Presently, land acquisition has been
completed & NOC has been obtained from various departments for change of land use for setting
up a petroleum storage terminal. The terminal operation shall be continued keeping in mind the
Sustainable development of the region. Further, Indian Oil Management is committed to
contribute towards improving socio-economic status of the surrounding local community.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 9
The total numbers of tanks to be installed are 19, and the maximum total capacity will be 87,700
M3. The proposed storage terminal will receive the finished petroleum products by taping a
10.75” diameter branch pipeline of approximately 70 Km from existing Panipat–Ambala-
Jallandhar Pipeline (PAJPL) and will transfer these chemicals to end users by Road Tankers.
The details of the Project and Proponents are as mentioned in Table 2.1 below.
Table 2.: Project & Project Proponent Description
Name of Project Proposed Greenfeild Petroleum Storage Terminal At Una, HP
Project Proponent M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited Name, contact number & address of
Project Proponent Mr. D. N. Badarinarayan, DGM (Engg)
G-9 Ali Yavar Jung Marg,
Bandra (East), Mumbai – 400051
Maharashtra, India
Mobile : +91-7506654301, Ph: +91-22-26447582,
Email: dnbadari@indianoil.in
Location of the Project Village : Pekhubella
Taluka : Una
District: Una
Himachal Pradesh
Geographical Coordinates: 31°24'31.70” N 76°16'48.70” E
Name, contact number & address of
Consultant
Environmental Consultants:
M/s. Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory (An
ISO 9001-2008 Company, Accredited by NABET, Lab:
recognised by MOEF, GoI), Unit No. 206, 224, 225, Jai
Commercial Complex, Eastern Express Highway, Opp. Cadbury
Factory, Khopat, Thane (W) – 400601, Tel.: 91-22-25342776,
25380198, 25331438.
Fax : 91-22-25429650
Email: deepa@ultratech.in, shekhartamhane@ultratech.in
Website : www.ultratech.in
Size of proposed project activity ~ 25 Ha (61.6 Acres)
Terminal Overview 1. Finished petroleum products storage terminal
2. To receive bulk products by PANIPAT – AMBALA –
JALLANDHAR PIPELINE ((PAJPL)
3. Distributes bulk products by road (by tank trucks)
Category of Project i.e. ‘A’ or ‘B’ Category ‘B’
Proposed capacity/area/length/tonnage
to be handled/command area/lease
area/number of wells to be drilled
87,700 m3 storage of finished petroleum products
2 proposed borewells to be drilled
2.2 Brief description of Nature, Size and Location of the project
The project activity is Proposed Greenfeild Petroleum Storage Terminal with a storage capacity of
87,700 m3 at Una, HP. As per the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 14th
September 2006 as amended, the proposed project falls under 'Type 6b - Isolated Storage &
Handling of Hazardous Chemicals’ (As per threshold planning quantity indicated in column 3 of
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 10
schedule 2 & 3 of MSIHC Rules 1989 amended 2000), which requires preparation of an
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report.
This EIA Report addresses the environmental impacts of the proposed project and proposes the
mitigation measures for the same. The report is prepared, based on the Standard Terms of
Reference (ToR) for EIA/EMP Report for Projects requiring Environmental Clearance (EC) for
Isolated Storage & Handling of Hazardous Chemicals project by Ministry of Environment &
Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC).
Theproposed Greenfeild Petroleum Storage Terminal is located at Pekhubella village, about 7.5
Kms south from Una. The land area of the proposed terminal facility is approximately 61.6
Acres and currently is an open vacant land. The site is easily accessible by road. The nearest
railway station is Una at approximately 9.1 Kms and airport of Chandigarh Airport located at a
distance of around 122 Kms.
Figure 2.1: Toposheet Map of 10 Km Study Area
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 11
2.3 Scope of the Study
EIA integrates the environmental concerns in the developmental activities so that it can enable
the integration of environmental concerns and mitigation measures in project development. The
study includes detailed characterization of existing status of environment in an area of 10 km
radius around project site. In order to get an idea about the existing state of the environment,
various environmental attributes such as meteorology, air quality, water quality, soil quality,
noise level, ecology and socio-economic environment are studied /monitored. Environmental
baseline monitoring has been carried out during March, 2015 to June, 2015 and used to identify
potential significant impacts. The report is prepared as per the Standard ToR and additional ToR
granted vide letter No. HPSEAC/2008, 16-Vol-IV/185-186 dated 30th
May, 2015.
The scope of the study broadly includes:-
• To describe the project and associated works together with the requirements for carrying out
the proposed development
• To establish the baseline environmental and social scenario of the project site and its
surroundings
• To identify and describe the elements of the community and environment likely to be
affected by the project
• To identify, predict and evaluate environmental and social impacts during the construction
and operation phase of the project
• To study the existing traffic load, predict the increment in traffic due the project and to
suggest the management plan for the same
• Details about conservation of resources
• To design and specify the monitoring and audit requirements necessary to ensure the
implementation and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures adopted
• To access risk during construction and operation phase and formulate the disaster
management plan onsite and offsite
• To evaluate proposed pollution control measures and delineate Environmental Management
Plan (EMP)
• To delineate post-project environmental quality monitoring program to be pursued by M/s.
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.
2.4 Applicable Environmental Regulations
With respect to prevention and control of environmental pollution, the following Acts and Rules
of Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India govern the proposed project:
• Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 as amended in 1988
• Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 as amended in 1987
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 12
• Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 amended in 1991 and Environment (Protection) rules,
1986 and amendments thereafter
• The Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000
• The Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Trans boundary Movement) Rules,2009
as amended
• The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989
• E-waste Management (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011
• The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and as amended
• EIA Notification dated 14.09.2006 as amended
2.5 Objective & Scope of EIA Study
EIA integrates the environmental concerns in the developmental activities so that it can enable
the integration of environmental concerns and mitigation measures in project development. EIA
can often prevent future liabilities or expensive alterations in project design.
The study included detailed characterization of existing status of environment in an area of 10
km radius around project site. In order to get an idea about the existing state of the environment,
various environmental attributes such as meteorology, air quality, water quality, soil quality,
noise level, ecology and socio-economic environment are studied /monitored by an accredited
Functional Area Expert.
Environmental baseline monitoring has been carried out during March, 2015 to June, 2015 and
used to identify potential significant impacts.
The scope of the study broadly includes:-
• To describe the project and associated works together with the requirements for carrying out
the proposed development
• To establish the baseline environmental and social scenario of the project site and its
surroundings
• To identify and describe the elements of the community and environment likely to be
affected by the project
• To identify, predict and evaluate environmental and social impacts during the construction
and operation phase of the project
• To study the existing traffic load, predict the increment in traffic due the project and to
suggest the management plan for the same
• Conservation of resources
• To design and specify the monitoring and audit requirements necessary to ensure the
implementation and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures adopted.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 13
• To evaluate proposed pollution control measures and delineate environmental management
plan (EMP) outlining additional control measures to be adopted for mitigation of adverse
impacts.
• To delineate post-project environmental quality monitoring program
2.6 Structure of EIA Report
EIA report contains baseline data, project description and assessment of impacts and preparation
of Environmental Management Plan & Disaster Management Plan. The report is organized in
following ten chapters:
Chapter 1: Executive Summary
This chapter gives the Executive Summary of the EIA report.
Chapter 2: Introduction
This chapter describes objectives and methodology for EIA.
Chapter 3: Project Description
This chapter gives a brief description of the location, approachability, amenities, layout and
utilities of the proposed project. This chapter also gives outline of status of completion of
construction activities as this is an expansion project
Chapter 4: Description of the Environment
This chapter presents details of the baseline environmental status for microclimate, air quality,
noise, traffic, water quality, soil quality, flora, fauna and socio-economic status etc.
Chapter 5: Anticipated Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures
This chapter discusses the possible sources of pollution and environmental impacts due to the
project during construction and operation phases and suggests the mitigation measures.
Chapter 6: Project Benefits
This chapter presents the benefits from this project.
Chapter 7: Environmental Management & Monitoring Plan
This chapter deals with the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the proposed Project
and indicates measures proposed to minimize the likely impacts on the environment during
construction and operation phases and budgetary allocation for the same.
This chapter also discusses the details about the environmental monitoring program during
construction and operation phases.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 14
Chapter 8: Additional Studies
This chapter covers Risk Assessment Studies for the construction and operation phase, the safety
precautions that are taken during construction phase and the Disaster Management Plan and
Emergency Preparedness Plan onsite and offsite.
Chapter 9: Disclosure of Consultants
This chapter deals with the details of consultants engaged and the NABET accreditation details
of environmental consultants.
2.7 Terms of References recommended by SEAC
The additional Terms of References were issued for the proposed project vide Letter No.
HPSEAC/2008, 16-Vol-IV/185-186 dated 30th
May, 2015. The Table 2.2 mentions the
Compliance for the additional ToR.
Table 2.2: Compliance with the Terms of Reference
Sr.No ToR Points Compliance
1 The project proponent shall prepare
comprehensive Environment Impact
Assessment report taking in to account four
season primary data base viz; Spring, pre
monsoon, post monsoon and winter season.
The ToR was revised vide Letter No.
HPSEAC/2008, 16-Vol-IV dated 14th
September, 2015. The revised ToR stated
“The committee after deliberating on the
information submitted by the project
proponent and considering the facts placed
before the committee, the SEAC considered 1
season (12 weeks) for data collection instead
of 4 seasons and meanwhile the PP is
advised to go for Public Consultation
Process.”
This EIA report has been prepared per the
revised ToR to include 1 season (12 weeks)
of Baseline Monitoring from March to June,
2015.
2 The project proponent shall submit NOCs from
the relevant authority.
All the required NOCs will be presented
prior to EC Approval.
3 The project proponent shall also prepare and
submit Map of 1:10,000 (buffer map). Map of
1:5,000 (core map).
Please refer Chapter 3.
4 The project proponent shall also prepare and
submit report showing area in sq. meters/
hectares.
Acknowledged and prepared accordingly.
5 The project proponent shall also include and
submit the baseline data w.r.t. Biodiversity
Biodiversity study is included in the Chapter
3, Section 3.9 of this EIA report.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 15
6 The project proponent shall submit the study of
community capacity building w.r.t. DMP.
DMP report is attached as Annexure II.
7 The project proponent shall also prepare/ study,
submit onsite offsite emergency plan including
the impact on other industries and their impact
on the proposed unit.
Onsite and Offsite emergency plan are
mentioned in the EIA report and also referred
in Annexure II - DMP.
8 The project proponent shall also submit the
study report on Transport (Traffic Management)
and impact on the local environment with
mitigation plan.
The proposed project will have negligible
impact on the local environment in terms of
Traffic.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 16
CHAPTER 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3.1 Need & Justification of the Project
During the periodic meeting of MoP&NG with Chief Ministers of J&K, Himachal Pradesh (HP)
& Uttarakhand, a need was felt for an independent POL storage for the state of Himachal
Pradesh. Accordingly the Honourable Chief Minister of HP assured allotment of a suitable plot
for setting up of a petroleum terminal. Govt. of HP has allotted approximately 61.6 acres
Government Land on lease for a period of 99 years in Pekhubella Village, Una District during
November 2014.
The Army Winter Stocking (AWS) supplies to Leh presently being carried out from Ambala
(Haryana) & Sangrur (Punjab). Kullu & Parwanoo Depots which are based in HP are non OISD
compliant locations & are road fed with limitations in storage capacities. These depots have to be
closed at the earliest possible time & sustained operation of these locations is not feasible in
terms of feeding to the market requirements, safety in operations.
Further Honourable Chief Minister of HP has requested the Honourable MoS (I/C), MoP&NG,
Govt of India to expedite setting up of the petroleum storage terminal at Una vide his letter dated
16.01.15 on the above backgrounds.
Also since at present, the petroleum products are moved from locations outside HP to the local
market requirements, considerable loss is experienced to the exchequer of the State of HP due to
the tax regime on inter-state movements of petroleum products.
In view of the above requirements, setting up of a Petroleum storage terminal at Una,
Himachal Pradesh is very much required.
The expected increase in demand of the proposed products moving ahead is as mentioned below
in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1: Throughput Projections
PRODUCT THROUGHOUT PROJECTION (TMTPA)
2014-15 2016-17 2021-22*
MS 82.1 96.1 140.6
HSD 367.3 390.7 512.2
SKO 48.7 47.8 45.9
TOTAL 498.1 534.6 698.7
(*) With consideration of product wise growth rate given by Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 17
3.2 Site Details and Location
The total plot area is ~25 ha with 45,350 m2 is built-up area. The proposed grass root POL
(Petroleum, Oil, andLubricants) terminal will receive the products by taping a 10.75” dia branch
pipeline of ~ 70 Km long existing Panipat –Ambala-Jallandhar Pipeline (PAJPL) and will
transfer POL to end users by road via Tank Trucks.
The terminal Location overview is given in the Table 3.2:
Table 3.2: Terminal Location Overview
Location of the Project Village : Pekhubella
Taluka : Una
District: Una
Himachal Pradesh
Geographical Coordinates: 31°24'31.70” N 76°16'48.70” E
Size of current project activity 61.6 Acres
Area to be used for proposed new
facility
Total Plot Area : 2,50,000 m2
Builtup Area : 45,350 m2
Green Belt Area :
TT Parking Area : 14,000 m2
Accessibility to site By road mainly through State Highways & Rail
Nearest Railway Station
Nearest Airport
Una : ~9 Km
Chandigarh : ~135 Km
Plot Survey Nos. Khewat No. 141 (min) Khatauni No. 533 (mln) Khasara No.
1/2, 161/2, 162, 191/2, 192/2, 193/2, 1023, 1024, 1025,
1026/2, 1026/5, 1027 kitta 12 measuring 29-93-29 hect.
Seismic Zone Seismic Zone - IV as per IS: 1893 and all designs will be as
per IS Codes
General Topography Relatively flat and general elevation of the site is around 335
to 347 msl
The proposed project is surrounded by following properties:.
East : District Road to Santokhgarh
West : Swan River with Impervious Embankment
North : Agricultural Land
South : Agricultural Land
The project location is shown in Figure 3.1 and satellite imagery of the study area showing
project site is shown in Figure 3.2.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 18
Figure 3.: Project Location
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 19
Figure 3.2: Google Image of the Study Area
3.3 Size or Magnitude of Operations
The proposed grass root POL Terminal project of IOCL is Schedule under 6(b). The total cost of
the project is approximately 331 Crores and its breakup is provided in Table 3.2.
Table 3.2: Cost Breakup
S.N Components Cost, Rs
1 Civil facilities 166 crores
2 Electrical: 22 crores
3 Fire Protection facilities (Storage tank, hydrant, etc.) 25 crores
4 Mechanical 81 crores
5 Instrumentation 25 crores
6 Environmental Protection 12 crores
Total 331 crores
The proposed POL Storage Terminal project of IOCL spreads out in an area of 61.6 Acres. The
below Table 3.3 provides the break-up of the area that will be occupied by the proposed projects.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 20
Table 3.3: Area Details
SN Land Used Area, m2
1 Total Plot area ~2,50,000
2 Builtup Area 45,350
3 Green Belt ~83,000
4 TT Parking 14,000
The proposed project layout is as shown in Figure 3.3 and also provided as Annexure I.
Figure 3.3: Site Layout Plan
3.4 Salient Features of the PRoject
3.4.1 Process and Storage Details
There is no manufacturing process involved in the terminal. The process involved can be divided
into:
1. Receipt of finished petroleum products through cross country pipelines.
2. Storage of petroleum products in storage tanks fabricated as per international standards.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 21
3. Dispatch of petroleum products through Tank Lorries.
The entire operation of RECEIPT, STORAGE AND DISPATCH of petroleum products is
carried out in a closed system thereby eliminating risk of spillage of products and to achieve
enhanced safety. Typical process flow chart is attached as Figure 3.4.
Figure 3.4: Process Flow Chart
3.4.1.1 Receipt of Petroleum Products
The petroleum products viz. Motor Spirit (MS), High Speed Deisel (HSD), Superior Kerosene
Oil (SKO) and are being received from Panipat Ambala Jallandhar Pipeline (PAJPL). The
products MS, SK
O, HSD are proposed to receive through the cross country pipeline which is currently operational
between Panipat & Jallandhar by taking a tap off point. It is proposed to provide a 10.75" dia
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 22
branch pipeline of approx. 70 kms. length from Urapar RCP (chainage 118.216 kms. from
Ambala.) to the proposed marketing terminal.
3.4.1.2 Storage Facilities
The proposed POL terminal will install 19 Nos. of tanks as part of the proposed project. Details
of product wise purposed tankage at are given respectively in Table 3.4.
Table 3.4: Details of Proposed Storage Capacity
SN Product Type of
Tank
Proposed
Tanks &
Capacities (m3)
Total
Tankages (m3)
Dimater
(m)
Height/length
(m)
Class of
Products
1 Motor Spirit
(Petrol)
IFRVT
UG
3 x 8000
1 x 20
24,020 30
2.25
14
5.5
Class
‘A’
2 High Speed
Diesel
CRVT
UG
3 x 16000
2 x 20
48,040 40
2.25
14
5.5
Class ‘B’
3 Superior
Kerosene Oil
(Kerosene)
CRVT
UG
2 x 6000
1 x 20
12,020 28
2.25
11
5.5
Class ‘B’
4 Ethanol IFRVT
UG
3 x 600
1 x 20
1,820 12
2.25
8
5.5
Class
‘A’
5 Transmix IFRVT
CRVT
1 x 600
1 x 600
1,200 12
12
8
8
Class
‘A’
Class ‘B’
6 Slop CRVT 1 x 600 600
Total 87,700 IFRVT – Internal Floating Roof Vertical Tank
CRVT – Cone Roof Vertical Tank
UG – Horizontal Under Ground
Note: - The above tankage shall be developed in line with latest API 650 design standards &
OISD regulations. Above dimensions are tentative & shall be finalized during detailed
engineering after receipt of environment clearance.
3.4.1.3 Dispatch of Petroleum Products
The petroleum products shall be distributed to various Industries / Petrol Pumps through tank
trucks of capacity 9000 litres to 24,000 litres. On and average, are anticipated to be filled on
daily basis. A 16 bay TLF shed with bottom loading facilities for MS and HSD is proposed. Top
loading facilities in addition to bottom loading facilities for SKO would be provided. The
loading facilities shall consist of PD metering system, batch controllers, blending facilities for
Ethanol, branded fuels etc. Vapour recovery system to be designed & developed for handling
MS. Tank Truck (TT) decantation facility with suitable capacity of Under Ground (U/G) tanks to
be provided.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 23
3.4.2 Truck Loading Facility (TLF) Sheds
There will be two (2) nos. of TLF sheds having eight (8) nos. each of Tank trucks loading bays
respectively. The loading facilities will be bottom loading for MS and HSD whereas it will be
both top & bottom loading for SKO.
3.4.3 Product Pump House
Proposed project will have 1 Pump House: 115 m X 10 m with new product pumps along with
Pump House Manifold: 115 m X 35 m. The details of the proposed pumps are as shown in Table
3.5.
Table 3.5: Schedule of Pumps
Product
Capacity Head MLC
No of Pumps
Operation Standby
MS 360 m3/h 50 2 1
HSD 360 m3/h 50 4 1
SKO 360 m3/h 50 2 1
Ethanol 108 m3/h 60 2 1
MFA for MS 100 LpH 60 1 1
MFA for HSD 100 LpH 60 1 1
Blue Dye 0.10 m3/h 60 1 1
HSD, MS, SKO, Ethanol,
Bio-Diesel own use HSD 72 m
3/h 40 6 0
Borewell pump 100 m3/h 50 1 1
Sludge Pump for MS 72 m3/h 40 1 0
Sludge Pump for SKO 72 m3/h 40 1 0
Slop Oil Pump for HSD 72 m3/h 40 1 0
Mix Product 216 m3/h 50 1 1
Slope Oil 72 m3/h 40 1 0
3.4.4 Fire Fighting Facilities
Following Fire Fighting Facilities will be provided.
• Water Sprinkler system on proposed MS and HSD as per prevailing safety guidelines
issued by OISD
• Foam fighting system on proposed Diesel (HSD) and Petrol (MS) tanks as per prevailing
safety guidelines issued by OISD
• Provision of Fire hydrant piping network for the new product tank farms.
The Fire Water tanks have been provided as shown in Table 3.6 and Schedule of Fire Pumps
have been provided in Table 3.7. Additionally, Fire Water Shed has been provided of 35x14m.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 24
Table 3.6: Details of Fire Tanks
SN Product Type of
Tank
Proposed Tanks
and Capacities
Total Tankages
m3
Dimater
(m)
Height
(m)
1 Fire Tank Water CRVT 3 x 4620 13,860 24 11
Table 3.7: Schedule of Fire Pumps
SN Description Capacity Head
mWC
Nos of Pumps
Operating Standby
1 Jockey Pumps Electrical
Driven 60 m
3/hr 110 1 1
2 Main Pumps Deisel Engine
Driven 616 m
3/hr 105 3 2
3.4.5 Dyke Wall Facility
Dyke wall shall be provided surrounding the POL tanks (above ground type). The Capacity of
each tank & Total maximum Capacity is highlighted below in Table 3.8.
Table 3.8: Dyke Wall Details
Sr. No. Dyke Wall Containing Tanks (No.) Max. Capacity Tank
m3
Overall
Dimension
Dyke - I MS (3x8000) 15,986 110 m x 110 m
Dyke – II HSD (3x16000) 27,090 130 m x 130 m
Dyke – III SKO (2x6000) 7,259 128 m x 49 m
Dyke - IV Ethanol
Transmix (2x600) 1,920
68 m x 22.5 m
46 m x 22.5 m
In proposed POL Terminal, 10 (above Ground) tanks have been provided in four sets of dyke
walls. Dyke wall surrounding the above ground product tanks can accommodate spilled oil
which is more than the maximum capacity of the product tank in case of leakge. Dykes are
provided with adequate wall height as per OISD norms.
3.4.6 Instrumentation and Automation
Instrumentation and Automation will be provided through the following:
� Tank Farm Management system: These shall comprise of automation of receipt of
products from PAJPL.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 25
� Valve Automation system: All the Tank Body Valves and exchange pit valves shall be
automated including remote operation with necessary safety interlocks. Further, the tank
body Valves shall be fitted with Remote Operated Shut Off Valves (ROSOV) to be
closed by a safety PLC in case of emergency. The same shall be in line with international
SIL 2 requirements.
� Radar gages on all tanks: The gauges shall function in remote for the tank inventory and
tank shut down procedures
� Tank Lorry Filling System: The entire process of filling of the Tank Lorries shall be
automated along with necessary safety interlocks
� Access Control System: The system shall permit only authorized personnel to carry out
the operations within the terminal. The access shall be both role and application based
system.
� Control Room with equipment: The control room shall monitor and log all events
pertaining to the operation of the terminal on real time basis.
� OTHERS:
� Position sensors for the tank farm dyke valves for real time indication on status of
valves
� Push Button Stations outside Tank body valves for remote switching off of the
product tank body valves.
� Emergency Shut Down Procedures for various terminal operation activities.
3.5 Safety Measures
Following safety and mitigation measures are proposed.
A. All product tank dyke wall/enclosure designed with 110% of the largest tank capacity.
� As per OISD standards, all tanks are provided with an enclosure wall to contain any
leak from the tanks or in case of failure/rupture of the tank shell.
� The dyke provided is designed to contain the 110% of volume of the tank & a free
board of 200 mm to take cae of containment of oil in case of any leakage of tanks.
�
� The dyke enclosure designed as mentioned above facilitates to fight fire caused by a
pool of oil.
B. All product tanks to be provided with 2 nos exclusive SIL 2 certified Radar gauges and 1 no
additional over spill protection device to avoid any overflow of tanks.
� All the proposed and existing product storage tanks shall be provided with 2 nos
separate radar gauges with SIL 2 certification, which is an internationally accepted
standard.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 26
� Provision of 2 separate radar gages and monitoring of the same from control room/
PLC system helps to avoid any overflow of product. The radar gauges are linked to
the control room and shall give audio visual alarms at the control room in case of the
product level reaches higher than the specified level.
� In addition to the above, 1 no exclusive and independent Automatic Overspill
Protection device is hard wired to the Remote Operated Shut Off Valve and Safety
PLC of the automation system. When the product level in the storage tanks rise
beyond a pre-defined and safe filling capacity, the Automated Overspill Protection
System (AOPS) is triggered and it overrides all operations and logics built in the
system to implement total shut down of the operations and closure of all valves of all
tanks.
� The above safety features prevent any overflow of petroleum product from the
storage tanks.
C. All product tanks to be provided with pneumatic fire and fail safe Remote Operated Shut Off
Valves.
� All body valves of tanks shall be provided with Fire Safe and Fail Safe Pneumatic
actuated Remote Operated Shut Off Valves (ROSOV).
� The ROSOVs shall be interlinked with the SIL 2 certified radar gauges, AOPS and
Safety PLC. Upon the product level reaching the set trip point of a tank, the
ROSOVs shall automatically close overriding all operational logics.
D. All body valves of tanks to be provided with Remote Open and Close facility outside the
dyke enclosure to operate during emergencies.
� All valves of tanks shall be provided with an open and close push button just outside
the tank enclosure.
� The same shall be used to close a particular valve of a tank in case of exigencies,
thereby eliminating man entry in to hazardous zone (dyke area) during spillage etc.
� This system shall save human lives during emergencies and hazards due to proximity
to petroleum vapour.
E. Fire water storage to fight fire for a period of 4 hours as per OISD guidelines has been
planned for 2 simultaneous contingencies with full coverage of fire hydrant facilities to the
entire plant area and positioning of fire fighting equipments as per OISD standards.
� Permanent fire water storage and fire hydrant system to cover the entire terminal
operating area shall be provided.
� The water storage and pumping facilities shall be designed to cater 2 simultaneous
emergencies inside the terminal as mentioned below.
• Fire water storage: 13860 m3
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 27
• Fire pumps – 616 m3/hr x 105 m head – 3 nos.
• Jockey pumps – 60m3/ hr x 110 m head – 2 nos.
• Fire hydrant line network – 4000 m approx.
• Fire fighting equipments – as per OISD 117 & OISD 244
F. High Volume Long Range remote operated monitors to be provided for all Class A
STORAGE tanks.
� In case of a fire, fire fighting can be done from the proposed High Volume Long
Range Monitors (HVLR).
� The HVLRs shall have motorized valves with provision to operate remote from
control room.
� As per OISD 117, 5 nos of fixed type HVLR and 1no Mobile type HVLR with 1000
US GPM capacity are being proposed for the terminal to cover tank farm fires.
G. Hydro carbon detection system to be provided for all tanks, drain valve and manifold in Class
A service.
� To detect any leak and potential fire hazard, Hydro-Carbon Detection (HCD) system
is proposed for all tanks with Class A service, tank enclosure drain valves and
product piping manifolds.
� The proposed HCD system shall be linked to the control room and shall alert the
Control room officer with audio visual alarm when the concentration of the
petroleum vapour exceed beyond pre-defined limits.
� The following equipment are being planned for the terminal as part of the HCD
system.
• Point type Infra Red (IR) sensor – at each drain valve in tank farm.
• Open path IR sensor (range: 0 to 40 m and 0 to 120 m) – at valves and manifold
of Class A product.
• Portable Gas detector – 1 no.
• Test filter – 1no.
H. Fixed water spray and fixed foam pourer system has been provided for all Class A Tanks and
for Class B tanks above 18 m diameter.
� The fixed foam pourer system shall apply foam solution to the surface of fire to
create smothering effect and extinguishing of fire.
I. Flow switches shall be provided for all water draw off lines.
� In order to have effective monitoring of water draining from product tanks, a flow
switch shall be installed on all drain valves of all tanks to alert the Control room.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 28
J. Proposed Class A tank shall be constructed as internal floating roof tank.
� In order to prevent exposure of petroleum vapour to open environment, the proposed
tank on Class A service shall be constructed as an internal floating roof tank with an
Aluminum floating deck and a fixed roof. This shall act as an additional safety
feature and shall minimize fires due to lightning etc.
K. Manual call points shall be provided at strategic places within the terminal.
� Manual call points are proposed at strategic places inside the terminal to raise alarm
in case of any exigency.
L. Receipt and delivery operation shall be done based on in built logic developed in SCADA
with site specific interlocks.
� Tank operations like receipt and delivery shall be based on pre-defined logic and
controlled by PLC and SCADA systems.
� This shall prevent wrong operations and risks like overflow of tanks.
M. Tank truck loading shall have interlocks to monitor grounding of the truck, position of the
loading arm and over flow protection system.
Tank truck operation shall be designed with the following interlocks to avoid fire hazards.
� Grounding interlock – To stop loading in the absence of proper grounding and to
prevent fire due to static electricity.
� Position sensor/ level switch on loading arm – The batch controller commences tank
truck loading based on the feedback from loading arm’s position sensor is inserted in
to the tank truck compartment. Similarly, the batch controller shall stop loading
based on a feedback from a level switch of loading arm to prevent any overflow of
tank truck.
N. Separate Safety PLC planned for interlinking of all safety features and for ensuring total shut
down of the plant.
O. CCTV system shall be provided as per security guidelines applicable and shall be linked with
Safety PLC.
3.6 Basic Requirements
3.6.1 Water Requirement
Requirement for the Project will be 10 m3
for construction phase and 31 m3
for Operational phase
from two (2) proposed bore wells.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 29
3.6.2 Power Requirement
Power Requirement of the project will be fulfilled by HPSEB, which is 1500 kW, 2 DG Sets of
750 kVA and 1 DG set of 320 kVA will be used in Emergency purpose only.
3.6.3 Utility Area
The utility area will includes following;
• D. G. Set
• Transformer Room
• Work Shop
• Watch Tower, etc
3.6.2 Manpower Requirement
Total Manpower Requirement of the project will be 130 (30 direct and 100 indirect to include
contract labour and security personnel).
3.7 Water and Wastewater Management
3.7.1 Water Consumption and Wastewater Generation Details
There will be no industrial effluent being generated from this project. Sewage generated from
domestic sources will be treated in Septic tanks followed by soak pits. In case any open spillage
of oil from tank shall lead to Oil Water Separator (OWS) where separated oil send back to
storage tank after ensuring quality of product. The water from OWS will be reused for gardening
and dust suppression in the gantry areas during truck movement.
3.8 Solid and Hazardous Waste Disposal System
Details of the solid and hazardous generation with their category and its quantity, disposal
system are mentioned in Table 3.9 and Table 3.10.
Table 3.9: Non Hazardous waste
S.N Solid Waste
Generation
Type of
waste
Total
(approx)
Management
1
From
Domestic
Activities
Dry garbage 32 Kg/day Handed over to the authorised recyclers
Wet garbage 13 Kg/day Vermi Composting and manure usage to
gardening
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 30
Table 3.10: Hazardous waste
Sr.
No.
Schedule I
Category No. Type Qty Method of Disposal
1
Category No. 34.3 Oil Water
Sludge – generated from cleaning
of storage tanks once in 5 years
5 MT per year
(approx) CHWTSDF
3.8.1 Waste Generated from Spillage and Leakages
• The installation will have the dyke wall surrounding the liquid cargo storage area with proper
PCC/RCC floor and chemical resistance flooring (if required) and the size of dyke wall will
be depend on the storage tank capacity.
• Unit will provide proper PCC/RCC flooring in the tanker loading and unloading area with
proper dyke or barricaded wall so in case of any leakage during loading / unloading it will
not spread on ground.
• The collection pit(s) will be provided to collect all the spilled and leaked material during
loading / unloading or any heavy leakage in storage area.
• If there will be any leakage during the tanker movement, shifting, the leaked material will be
diluted and collected in drums and it will be sent to hazardous waste storage area.
• All the roads and approach roads to the plant will be of PCC/RCC and there will be no any
chemical handling or shifting on ground.
• All the tanker movement will be carried out on proper PCC/RCC area.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 31
CHAPTER 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
4.1 General
This chapter provides the description of the existing environmental status of the study area with
reference to the environmental attributes like air, water, noise, soil, land use, ecology, socio
economics, etc. The study area covers 10 km radius around the project site.
The existing environmental setting is considered to adjudge the baseline conditions which are
described with respect to climate, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, ecology,
socioeconomic profile, land use and places of archaeological importance.
4.2 Methodology
The methodology for conducting the baseline environmental survey obtained from the guidelines
given in the EIA Manual of the MoEF&CC. Baseline information with respect to air, noise,
water and land quality in the study area were collected by primary sampling/field studies during
the period of March 2015 to June 2015.
The meteorological parameters play a vital role in transport and dispersion of pollutants in the
atmosphere. The collection and analyses of meteorological data, therefore, is an essential
component of environmental impact assessment studies. The long term and short term impact
assessment could be made through utilization and interpretation of meteorological data collected
over long and short periods. Since the meteorological parameters exhibit significant variation in
time and space, meaningful interpretation can only be done through a careful analysis of reliable
data collected very close to the site.
4.3 Study Area included in Environmental Setting
The study area is considered to be area within a radius of 10 km of the IOCL terminal boundary.
The EIA guidelines of the MoEF mandate the study area in this manner for EIA’s.
4.3.1 Land Use/Land Cover of the Study Area
Land Use Land Cover studies are conducted using satellite imagery. The details of satellite
image are as follows:
Satellite Data: Landsat 8 cloud free data
Satellite Sensor – OLI TIRS sensor
Path and Row – Path 147, Row 38
Resolutions – Panchromatic 15 m Reflective 30 m
Date of Pass: 25th
June, 2015
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 32
Ancillary Data: GIS and image-processing software are used to classify the image and for
delineating drainage and other features in the study area.
Seven different landuse/ landcover (LULC) classes are identified for the area covering 10 km
radial distance around proposed project site. The LULC classes are identified and presented in
Table 4.1 and Figure 4.1.
Figure 4.1: Landuse/Landcover of 10 Km Study Area
Table 4.1: Landuse / Landcover Statistics of Area within 10 km Radius
SN Landuse/
Landcover Class
Area,
Km2
Area
%
1 Vegetation 46.15 15.62
2 Scrub Land 68.97 23.35
3 Open Land 73.73 24.96
4 Agriculture 4.51 1.53
5 Fallow land 90.75 30.72
6 Built Up Land 7.77 2.63
7 Waterbody 3.49 1.18
Total Area 295.38 100.00
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 33
Five different landuse/ landcover (LULC) classes are identified for the area covering 500m radial
distance around proposed project site. The LULC classes are identified and presented in Table
4.2 and Figure 4.2.
Figure 4.2: Landuse/Landcover of 500 m Buffer Area
Table 4.2: Landuse / Landcover Statistics of Area within 500m Bugger Area
SN Landuse/
Landcover Class
Area,
Km2
Area
%
1 Scrub Land 0.61 24.92
2 Open Land 0.82 33.42
3 Fallow Land 0.95 38.81
4 Habitation 0.03 1.30
5 Waterbody 0.04 1.55
Total Area 2.44 100.00
Fallow land (30.72%) dominates the landuse pattern within 10 km buffer around the project site.
Since the satellite image is acquired in the summer season a very small patch along the Swan
River shows agriculture contributing 1.53% of land use. Open land (24.96%) and scrub land
(23.35%) indicating dry conditions are the major LULC classes within the area under study.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 34
Vegetation constituting nearly 16% of the land use pattern is distinctly visible along the north
east and south west side of the project site. Habitation covers 2.63% of the land use within study
area. Swan River flowing across the 10 km radius around project site from north to south along
with Sutlej River entering the area at the east side of the project site contribute to the 1.18% of
the land cover.
Land use covering 500 m angular distance around project site is predominantly covered by
Fallow land (38.81%) and open land (33.42%). Nearly 25% of the land is covered by the Scrub.
Apart from these three major land use classes Waterbody (1.55%) and Habitation (1.30%)
contribute to the land use covering 500 m angular distance around project site.
The 10 km study area inclusive of all the monitoring locations has been as shown in Figure 4.3.
Figure 4.3: 10 Km Study Area and Monitoring Locations
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 35
4.4 Meteorological Data
During study, a continuous automatic weather monitoring station was established at site to record
wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity and temperature. Atmospheric pressure was recorded
twice a day at 08.30 and 17.30 hrs. Cumulative rainfall was monitored by rain gauge on daily basis.
This station was in operation in study period.
The methodology adopted for monitoring meteorological observations is as per the standard norms
laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards and the India Meteorological Department (IMD). Hourly
maximum, minimum and average values of wind speed, direction and temperature are recorded
continuously at site.
A fully instrumented continuous recording meteorological observatory is established and operated
at project site during study period The parameters are being monitored at site is given in Table 4.2.
Table 4.2: Meteorological Monitoring At Site
S.N. Parameter Instrument Frequency
1 Wind Speed Automatic Weather
station (Envirotech WM 251)
Continuous Automatic
1 hourly Average 2 Wind Direction
3 Ambient Temperature
4 Max. & Min Temperature Wet & Dry Bulb Thermometer Daily at 08:30 & 17:30 IST
5 Relative Humidity Hygrometer Daily at 08:30 & 17:30 IST
6 Rainfall Rain Gauge Daily
The aforesaid meteorological parameters were being observed in the field during monitoring period.
The analysis of the field observations is given in Table 4.3. The wind rose during the study period is
presented in Figure 4.4, 4.4(a), 4.4(b), 4.4(c).
Table 4.3: Meteorological Data Recorded at Site
Month Temperature, °C
Relative Humidity,
%
Wind
Speed, m/s
Predominant
wind direction
Min Max Min Max Mean
March to
April 2015 10.2 34.2 20.6 97.6 1.8 S
April to
May 2015 18.1 40.5 30.4 69.6 1.8 SE
May to
June 2015 21.2 37.8 23.5 74.5 1.7 SE
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 36
Figure 4.4: Windrose for period of March 2015 to June 2015
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 37
Figure 4.4(a): Windrose for period of March 2015 to April 2015
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 38
Figure 4.4(b): Windrose for period of April 2015 to May 2015
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 39
Figure 4.4(c): Windrose for period of May 2015 to June 2015
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 40
4.5 Ambient Air Quality
The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at ten locations, Figure 4.3, within the 10 km
radius around the site of project to know the existing background ambient air quality. The
purpose of the estimation of background pollutant concentration was to assess the impact of the
project on the ambient air quality within the region based on the activities of the project. The
parameters chosen for assessment of air quality were PM10, PM2.5, Sulphur Dioxide (SO2),
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Hydrocarbon (Methane and Non-methane HC) and VOCs.
4.5.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study
PM10, PM2.5, Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Hydrocarbon (Methane and Non-
methane HC) and VOCs were the major pollutants associated with project. The baseline status of
the ambient air quality has been established through field monitoring data on PM10, PM2.5,
Sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), Hydrocarbon (HC) Methane and Non-methane
HC) and VOCs at 10 locations within the study area. The locations for air quality monitoring
were scientifically selected based on the following considerations using climatological data of
UNA Observatory.
• Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale;
• Topography of the study area;
• Representative ness of the region for establishing baseline status; and
• Representative ness with respect to likely impact areas.
Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out on 24 hour basis with a frequency of twice a
week at a station during the study period for 10 locations.
The location of the monitoring stations with reference to the project site is given in Table 4.4.
Table 4.4: Ambient Air Quality Sampling Locations of the Study Area
Sl. No Location Location Code Distance, Km Direction
1 Project Site A1 0 Center
2 Ajauli A2 9.10 SE
3 Rampur A3 4.24 NE
4 Una A4 6.49 NE
5 Sanokhghar A5 9.23 SE
6 Hiroli A6 2.18 NE
7 Dharampur A7 7.35 NW
8 Fatehpur A8 5.14 SE
9 Mehatapur A9 6.1 E
10 Pallakwah A10 2.30 SW
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 41
The ambient air quality results are as summarised in Table 4.5.
Table 4.5: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results
PM10 (µg/m3)
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10
Min 68.0 70.0 65.0 69.0 69.0 70.0 69.0 67.0 71.0 61.0
Max 80.0 80.0 79.0 82.0 78.0 80.0 83.0 85.0 83.0 80.0
98
Percentile 79.5 79.1 78.5 81.1 77.5 80.0 81.6 84.1 82.5 80.0
Standard 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
PM2.5 (µg/m3)
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10
Min 18.0 19.0 17.0 20.0 18.0 19.0 19.0 20.0 20.0 19.0
Max 26.0 30.0 25.0 30.0 27.0 30.0 31.0 34.0 37.0 30.0
98
Percentile 26.0 29.1 24.5 29.5 25.6 30.0 31.0 33.1 36.1 30.0
Standard 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
SO2 (µg/m3)
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10
Min 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Max 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
98
Percentile 3.5 3.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.0
Standard 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80
NOx (µg/m3)
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10
Min 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Max 8.0 6.0 5.0 7.0 8.0 5.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.0
98
Percentile 8.0 6.0 5.0 7.0 7.5 5.0 7.0 7.5 7.5 7.5
Standard 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80
The other parameters such as CO, Benzene, Benzo (a) Pyrene, Ammonia, Hydro Carbons,
VOCs, etc. are all below detection limits.
4.5.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques
Respirable Dust Samplers APM-451 of Envirotech instruments were used for monitoring
Respirable fraction (<10 microns) and gaseous pollutants like SO2, NOx, Methane and Non-
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 42
methane (HC) & VOCs. Table 4.6 shows the techniques for sampling and analysis for these
parameters.
Table 4.6: Techniques Used For Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Parameters Technique Technical
Protocol
Detectable Limit,
ug/m3
PM10 Respirable Dust Sampler
(Gravimetric method) CPCB Guidelines 10.0
Sulphur Dioxide West and Gaeke IS-5182 (Part-II) 5.0
Nitrogen Oxide Jacob & Hochheiser IS-5182 (Part-VI) 5.0
Hydrocarbon
(Methane
and Non-Methane)
Gas Chromatograph
(FID Detector) Is-5182 (Part-XXI) 0.1 ppb
VOCs Activated Charcoal
method (GC FID Detector) EPA TO-17 1 mg/m
3
Ambient air at the monitoring location is sucked through a cyclone. Coarse and non-respirable
dust is separated from the air stream by centrifugal forces acting on the solid particles and these
particles fall through the cyclone's conical hopper and get collected in the sampling cap placed at
the bottom. The fine dust (<10 microns) forming the PM10 passes the cyclone and is retained on
the filter paper. A tapping is provided on the suction side of the blower to provide suction for
sampling air through a set of impingers for containing absorbing solutions for SO2 and NOx.
Samples of gases are drawn at a flow rate of 0.2 liters per minute.
PM10 has been estimated by gravimetric method. Modified West and Gaeke method (IS-5182
part-II, 1969) has been adopted for estimation of SO2 and Jacobs-Hochheiser method (IS-5182
part-VI, 1975) has been adopted for the estimation of NOx. Calibration charts have been
prepared for all gaseous pollutants.
4.6 Noise
Noise in general is sound, which is composed of many frequency components of various
loudness distributed over the audible frequency range. The most common and universally
accepted scale is the A weighted scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for
audible range of 20 to 20,000 Hz and has been designed to weigh various components of noise
according to the response of a human ear.The environmental assessment of noise from the
industrial activity, construction activity and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into
consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, and
annoyance and general community responses.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 43
4.6.1 Objective
The main objective of monitoring of ambient noise levels was to establish the baseline noise
levels in different zones. i.e. Residential, Industrial, Commercial and Silence zones, in the
surrounding areas and to assess the total noise level in the environment of the study area.
4.6.2 Methodology
• Identification of Sampling Locations
A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise sources in the
area. The sampling location in the area was identified considering location of industry,
commercial shopping complex activities, residential areas with various traffic activity and
sensitive areas like hospital, court, temple and schools also near the railway track for railway
noise.
The noise monitoring was conducted at eight locations in the study area during monitoring
period. 10 sampling locations were selected for the sampling of noise. The noise monitoring
locations are given in Table 4.7 and shown in Figure 4.3.
• Equivalent sound pressure level (Leq)
The sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time. Leq is the
equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual
fluctuating sound measured in the same time period.
• Instrument used for Monitoring
Noise levels were measured using an Integrating sound level meter manufactured by Cygnet
(Model No. 2031). It had an indicating mode of Lp and Leq. Keeping the mode in Lp for few
minutes and setting the corresponding range and the weighting network in “A” weighing set the
sound level meter was run for one hour time and Leq was measured at all locations.
There are different types of fields for measuring the ambient noise level, e categorized as free
field, near field and far field.
• Free Field
The free field is defined as a region where sound wave propagates without obstruction from
source to the receiver. In such case, the inverse square law can be applied so that the sound
pressure level decreases by 6dB (A) as the distance is doubled.
• Near Field
The near field is defined as that region close to the source where the inverse square law does not
apply. Usually this region is located within a few wavelengths from the source.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 44
• Far Field
The far field is defined as that region which is at a distance of more than 1-meter from the
source.
Table 4.7: Noise Level Monitoring Stations in the Study Area
Sl. No Location Location Code Distance (Km) Direction
1 Project Site N1 0 Center
2 Ajauli N2 9.10 SE
3 Rampur N3 4.24 NE
4 Una N4 6.49 NE
5 Sanokhghar N5 9.23 SE
6 Hiroli N6 2.18 NE
7 Dharampur N7 7.35 NW
8 Fatehpur N8 5.14 SE
9 Mehatapur N9 6.1 E
10 Pallakwah N10 2.30 SW
4.6.3 Method of Monitoring and Parameters Measured
Noise monitoring was carried out continuously for 24-hours with one hour interval. During each
hour parameters like L10, L50, L90 and Leq were directly computed by the instrument based on the
sound pressure levels. Monitoring was carried out at ‘A’ weighting and in fast response mode.
The important parameters to be measured are Leq, Lday, and Lnight .
Leq: Latest noise monitoring equipments have the facility for measurement of Leq directly.
However, Leq can also be calculated using the following equation:
Leq (hrly) = L50 + (L10 - L90)2 / 60
Where,
L10 (Ten Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 10% of the total time of
measurement.
L50 (Fifty Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 50% of the total time of
measurement.
L90 (Ninety Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 90% of the total time of
measurement.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 45
Lday : This represents Leq of daytime. Lday is calculated as Logarithmic average using the hourly
Leq’s for day time hours from 6.00a.m to 10.00p.m
Lnight: This represents Leq of night time. Lnight is calculated as Logarithmic average using the hourly
Leq’s for nighttime hours from 10.00p.m to 6.00a.m.
4.6.4 Noise Results
The values of noise level parameters like Leq (day), and Leq (night), were monitored during
study period and are presented in Table 4.8.
Table 4.8: Ambient Noise Level in the Study Area
S. No. Location Code Category Leq (day) Leq (night) Remarks
1 Main site N1 Industrial 52.2 44.2 Within Limits
2 Ajauli N2 Residential 60 52 Within Limits
3 Rampur N3 Residential 56.8 47.2 Within Limits
4 Una N4 Residential 60.5 50.2 Within Limits
5 Santokgarh N5 Industrial 62.7 55 Within Limits
6 Haroli N6 Residential 57 48 Within Limits
7 Dharampur N7 Residential 58 47 Within Limits
8 Fatehpur N8 Residential 56 48 Within Limits
9 Mehatapur N9 Residential 54 46 Within Limits
10 Pallakwah N10 Residential 62.1 54 Within Limits
• Noise Standards
Ambient air quality standard in respect of noise have been stipulated by Govt. of India vide
Gazette notification dated. 14.2.2000. Table 4.9 describes ambient noise standards.
In Respect of Noise*
Table 4.9: Ambient Air Quality Standards
Area Code Category of Area Limits in dB(A), Leq
** Day time #Night time
A Industrial Area 75 70
B Commercial Area 65 55
C Residential Area 55 45
D Silence Zone @ 50 40
* As per Environment protection act.
** Day Time: 6.00a.m to 10.00p.m.
# Night Time: 10.00p.m to 6.00a.m.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 46
@ Silence zone is defined as an area upto 100 meters around such premises ashospitals,
educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the competent
authority; Use of horns, loudspeakers and bursting of crackers shall be banned in these zones.
The noise data compiled on noise levels is given in Table 4.8. Noise level of the study area varied
from 52 to 63 dB (A) in day time and from 44 to 55 dB (A) in the night time.
4.7 Water Environment
4.7.1 Ground Water Hydrology
Hydro-geologically the weathered and fractured zones of crystalline constitute the predominant
hydro-geological units. Groundwater occurs under phreetic condition in the weathered horizons.
Highly weathered and jointed granitic gneisses occurring the undulating plains form the potential
aquifers in the hard rock terrain. Micaschists and shales having very thick weathered residuum
also sometimes form good shallow aquifers to be tapped through dug wells.
In the study area, ground water occurs under semi-confined and confined aquifer conditions. The
quality of ground water at project site is saline.
The depth of water table in the study area range varies from 1.3-2 m below ground level during
pre-monsoon period and less than 1 m during post-monsoon period. (Source: CGWB).
4.7.2 Selection of Sampling Locations
The assessment of present status of water quality within the study area was conducted by
collecting water from ground water sources and surface water sources during Monitoring Period.
The sampling locations were identified on the basis of their importance. Two ground water
samples and four surface water samples were collected during monitoring period. The locations
of sampling stations for ground water and surface water are shown in Figure 4.3. Details of
sampling locations, their distance and direction from the plant site are presented in Table 4.10.
Table 4.10: Water Quality Sampling Locations
Station Code Location Locations with respect to site Description
Distance (Km) Direction
SW 1 Haroli 2.18 NE SW 1
SW 2 Ajauli 9.10 SE SW 2
SW 3 Project site 0 Center SW 3
SW 4 Una 6.49 NE SW 4
GW1 Santhosgarh 9.23 SE GW1
GW2 Fathepur 5.14 SE GW2
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4.7.3 Methodology
Water samples were collected from all the sampling locations and analyzed for relevant physical,
chemical and bacteriological parameters. Collection and analysis of the samples was carried out
as per established standard methods and procedures, prescribed by CPCB, relevant IS Codes and
Standard Methods of Examination of Water. This report presents data for the Monitoring Period.
Analyses of the parameters like temperature; pH, dissolved oxygen and alkalinity were carried
out at the sampling stations immediately after collection of samples with the help of Field
Analysis Kits. For analysis of other parameters, the samples were preserved and brought to
laboratory. The metallic constituents like arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, copper,
zinc, selenium, iron and manganese were analyzed with Atomic Absorption Spectroscope.
4.7.4 Ground and Surface Water Quality
The analysis data for the monitoring period is presented in Table 4.11 and Table 4.12. The
physico-chemical characteristics of Ground water are confirming to permissible limits of
drinking water standards, prescribed in IS: 10500 (Test Characteristics for Drinking Water) and
suitable for consumption
Table 4.11: Ground Water Characteristics
Site Santhosgarh Fathepur
pH 7.24 7.21
TDS 155 274
Alkalinity 77 290
Chloride 8 19
Ca 32 18
Mg 6.2 50
Total Hardness 105 220
Iron 0.05 0.08
E.coli Absent Absent
Coliform Absent Absent
Table 4.12: Surface Water Characteristics
Site Haroli Ajauli Project site Una
.
pH 7.32 7.5 7.08 7.52
TDS 382 148 278 300
Alkalinity 289 75 219 244
Chloride 31 10 17 14
Ca 30 28 14 24
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Mg 50 7.3 44 35
Total Hardness 280 100 215 205
Iron 0.12 0.09 0.06 0.14
E.coli Absent Absent Absent Absent
Coliform Absent Absent Absent Absent
4.8 Soil
Soil is generally differentiated into two horizons of minerals and organic constituents of variable
depth, which differ from the parent material below in morphology, physical properties,
constituents, chemical properties, and composition and biological characteristics.
The physico- chemical characteristics of soil have been determined at 4 locations during the
monitoring period with respect to colour, texture, cation exchange capacity, pH, N, P, and K etc.
The sampling locations have been selected to represent the study area.
4.8.1 Selection of sampling Locations
The soil sampling locations were identified primarily based on the local distribution of
vegetation and the agricultural practices. The sampling locations were mainly selected from
agricultural field and project site. The sampling locations are given in Table 4.13 and presented
in Figure 4.3.
Table 4.13: Soil Sampling Stations in the Study Area
Code Locations Direction Distance in (km)
S1 Project Site Core Zone 0
S2 Santoshghar SE 9.23
S3 Haroli NE 2.18
S4 Ajouli SE 9.10
4.8.2 Methodology
The soil samples were collected during monitoring period. The samples collected from the all
locations are homogeneous representative of each location. At random 10 sub locations were
identified at each location and soil was dug from 30 cm below the surface. It was uniformly
mixed before homogenizing the soil samples. The samples were filled in polythene bags, labeled
in the field with number and site name and sent to laboratory for analysis.
4.8.3 Soil Results
The detailed soil results of all the monitoring locations are as shown in Table 4.14.
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Table 4.14: Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area
4.9 Ecology Environment
The floristic and faunal survey was carried out in the project area.
4.9.1 Existing status of Flora in the Study Area:
Overall 29 plant species have been recorded. Fabaceae was the most dominant family followed
by Myrtaceae and Moraceae. The list of naturally occurring trees, under growth plants, fruit trees
within the Study area are as shown in Table 4.15, Table 4.16 and Table 4.17 respectively.
Table 4.15: List of naturally occurring trees within Study Area
S. No. Plant species Common name Family
1 Acacia auriculiformis kikar Fabaceae
2 Acacia catechu Khair Fabaceae
3 Acacia nilotica Kikar Fabaceae
4 Albizzia procera White siris Mimosaceae
5 Alstonia scholaris Blackboard tree Apocynaceae
6 Bauhinia variegate Kachnar Fabaceae
7 Bombax malabaricum Semal Bombacaceae
Sr.
No. Parameters Units
Project
Site
Santosh-
ghar Haroli Ajouli
1. Colour ----- Grayish Brownish Brownish Grayish
2. pH ----- 8.70 6.72 6.91 7.15
3. Conductivity (EC)
µ mhos/cm at 250C
(Soil Water Ratio-
1:2)
420 463 452 470
4. Moisture Content % 9.17 1.63 2.41 3.25
5. Water Holding
Capacity(WHC) % 40 60 58 51
6. Texture ----- Sandy
soil Sandy clay
Sandy
clay
Sandy
Soil
7. Sand % 36.7 30 35 34
8. Silt % 21.7 30 35 36
9. Clay % 41.6 40 30 30
10. Organic Carbon % 0.901 0.655 0.745 0.542
11. Ca % 0.011 0.015 0.011 0.013
12. Mg % 0.003 0.005 0.002 0.003
13. Chloride Mg/l 32 20 24 26
14. Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen Kh/ha 112 102 98 124
15. Nickel Mg/kg 0.02 ND ND ND
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8 Dalberjia sissoo Shisham Fabaceae
9 Dendrocalamus strictus Bans Poaceae
10 Eucalyptus citriodora Safeda Myrtaceae
11 Ficus religiosa Peepal Moraceae
12 Ficus bengalensis Banyan tree Moraceae
13 Ficus retusa Fig Moraceae
14 Gravillea robusta Silver oak Proteaceae
15 Morus macroura Shahtoot Moraceae
16 Populus alba Poplar Salicaceae
17 Terminalia arjuna Arjun Combretaceae
Table 4.16: List of under growth plants
S. No. Plant species Common name Family
1 Bougainvillea glabra Paper Flower Nyctaginaceae
2 Cannabis sativa Bhang grass Cannabaceae
3 Duranta erecta Pigeon Berry/Skyflower Verbenaceae
4 Lantana indica Kuri Verbenaceae
5 Parthenium hysterophorus Gajar ghass Compositae
6 Ricinus communis Arand/Arandi Euphorbiaceae
7 Saccharum bengalense Sarkanda/Munj Sweetcane Poaceae
8 Tylophora asthmatica Khad/Khas grass Poaceae
Table 4.17: List of fruit trees
S. No. Plant species Vernacular/Common name Family
1 Embelica officinalis Amla Phyllanthaceae
2 Mangifera indica Mango Anacardiaceae
3 Psidium guajava Guava/Amrood Myrtaceae
4 Syzgium nervosum Wild Jamun Myrtaceae
4.9.2 Existing status of Fauna in the area:
The faunal survey was also carried out in the project area. Overall, 12 naturally occurring and
introduced animal and avian species belonging to 9 families have been recorded. The fauna was
dominated by seasonal butterflies and variety of honey bees. Phasianidae and Columbidae were
the most dominant families. The list of Faunal members in the Study Area are as provided in
Table 4.18.
Table 4.18: List of Faunal members of the project area
S. No. Plant species Common name Family
1 Melanerpes formicivorus Acorn woodpecker Picidae
2 Ectopistes migratorius Pigeon Columbidae
3 Zenaida Zenaida Dove Columbidae
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4 Meleagris gallopavo Wild turkey Phasianidae
5 Rattus norvegicus Brown rat Muridae
6 Hystrix indicus Indian Porcupine/Sehi Hystricidae
7 Helogale parvula Mongoose Herpestidae
8 Sus scrofa Wild boar Suidae
9 Seasonal butterflies
10 Variety of honey bees
There are no ecologically sensitive areas like National Parks or Wildlife Sanctuaries, Tiger
Reserves, Elephant Reserves, Turtle Nesting Ground and Core Zone Biosphere Reserve within
the 10 km radius of the proposed project site. Though the area executes good floral diversity,
there were no reports of any species falling in endangered category.
4.10 Socio-Economic Environment
4.10.1 Introduction
Socio-economic assessment is an important part of the Environment Impact Assessment of any
industrial project. It is conducted to develop the sustainability strategy for the area, where the
industrial project would be executed. This section studies the socio-economic profile of the 10
km radius area for the IOCL Una project and analyses the baseline status as well as assess the
social impacts of the projects in the study area and suggest mitigation measures to the anticipated
adverse impacts of the project. The socio-economic aspects in general, divided into economy,
demography, education, health, employment & infrastructure in the study area.
4.10.2 Project Location
The proposed project i.e. M/s Indian Oil Terminal is located in the Village: Pekhu Bela, Tehsil:
Una, District: Una in Himachal Pradesh at latitude 31024‘49.21”N and longitude 76
015’08.80” E.
4.10.3 Una: Basic Information
Una district is the one of the largest district of Maharashtra and geographically spread over an
area of 1549 sq. km. and is administratively divided into four Tehsil (Bharwain, Bangana, Amb,
Haroli and Una) and five Development Blocks (Una, Bangana, Gagret, Amb and Haroli).
According to the 2011 census Una district has a population of 5.2 lakhs representing 7.60 percent
of the state population. The district has a population density of 338 persons per sq. km. Its
population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 16.24%. Una district has a sex ratio of
977 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 87.23%. There are around 866 villages
in the district with 5 towns. The demographic attributes for Una District are as shown in Table
4.19.
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Table 4.19: Demographic Attributes for Una District
1. Area 1549 sq. km.
2. Population 5.2 lakhs
3. Decadal Growth rate 16.24 %
4. Male population 2.63 lakhs
5. Female population 2.57 lakhs
6. Density of population (persons per km2.) 338
7. Sex Ratio (females per 1000 males) 977
8. Literacy 87.23 %
9. Male literacy 92.75 %
10. Female literacy 81.67 %
11. Urban Population 8.62 %
Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011
4.10.4 Socio-Economic Details of Study Area
The data is collected and analysed using secondary sources viz. Census records, District
Statistical Abstract, Official Document etc. The study area i.e. the 10 km radius area from the
project site consists of 73 villages and three towns and is spread over the tehsils of Una and
Haroli is located in Una district in Himachal Pradesh. The demographic profile, infrastructure
facilities and socio-economic condition is being described under different classifications in the
following section.
4.10.5 Methodology
The data is collected and analysed using secondary sources. The secondary data was collected
and collated from sources such as viz. District Census Handbook 2011, Census of India website,
District Statistical Abstract etc
4.10.6 Demography
Summary of demographic structure with reference to population, household, literacy, community
structure and employment are presented in this section. Total population of the study area is
142,471 belong to 29,626 households (Census, 2011). Population size ranges from 50 persons in
Mahanta village to 5000 in Badehra village and 18,722 in Una city. Population within the age
class 0-6 year accounts for 11.28 percent of the total population. The demographics of the Study
area is as shown in Table 4.20.
Table 4.20: Demographic Characteristics of Study Area
No. of
HH
Total
Population
Male Female Sex Ratio Population
(0-6)
Size of
HH
Rural 21487 105168 53351 51817 971 12076 4.89
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Urban 8139 37303 19582 17721 905 3996 4.58
Total 29626 142471 72933 69538 953 16072 4.84
The demographic characteristics of the study area are depicted in Table 2. Average sex ratio for
the study area is 953 females per 1000 males. The sex ratio for rural area is 971 females per 1000
males whereas sex ratio for urban areas is 905 females per 1000 males. The sex ratio for the
urban area as well as the average sex ratio for the study area is very low as compared to the sex
ratio of the Una district (977) and the state (972). The low sex ratio in the urban towns of the
study can be linked to the presence of male migrant labourers from other parts of state and
Punjab. There are 29,626 households in the study area and the average size of household is 4.84
members per household.
4.10.7 SC/ST Population
According to the 2011 census, the ratio of scheduled caste population to the total population is
19.62 percent and scheduled tribe population is 1.73 percent in the study area. The proportion of
scheduled caste and scheduled tribe population is high in rural areas as compared to the urban
areas of study area. This can be observed in Table 4.21.
Table 4.21: SC & ST population in the study area
Population
Total SC ST % SC % ST
Rural 105168 21640 2324 20.58 2.21
Urban 37303 6309 147 16.91 0.39
Total 142471 27949 2471 19.62 1.73
The SC population in the study area is very low as compared to the ratio of the Una district
where SC population is 22.16 percent to the district population whereas ST population in the
district is slightly lower than the study area average. i.e. 1.65 percent.
4.10.8 Literacy
The average literacy in the study area is 85.57 percent, which is slightly lower than the literacy
rate of the Una district i.e. 86.53 percent. The literacy rate is considerably higher in male
population (90.99 percent) as compared to female population (79.94 percent). Surprisingly, in the
study area, the average literacy rate for the urban and the rural area is same and does not vary
much as depicted in the Table 4.22.
Table 4.22: Literacy in the Study Area
Literate
Total Male Female % % Male % Female
Rural 79702 43050 36652 85.62 91.78 79.36
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Urban 28459 15553 12906 85.44 88.88 81.64
Total 108161 58603 49558 85.57 90.99 79.94
4.10.9 Economic Activity
As per the Census 2011, the workforce in the study area is more than 52 thousand which
constitutes 36.92 percent of the total population of the study area. The workers comprise more
than 38 thousand main workers and 13 thousand marginal workers. Of the 52 thousand workers,
26 thousand are rural and 12 thousand are urban workers. This would mean that 74.66 percent of
the total workers are rural and only 25.34 percent of the total are urban workers. The number of
urban workers is about less than half the number of rural workers.
Main workers1 constitute 84.57 percent of the total workers. The remaining (15.43 percent) are
marginal workers2. Among the main workers, female workers, are only 19.77 percent and 80.23
percent are male workers. Majority of female workers (67.39 percent) are from rural areas. This
is also more than that of male workers, which may be due to their being employed predominantly
in activities like cultivation and agricultural labour. In the urban areas, majority of female
workers are engaged in Households industry and other work. The status of the working
population in the Study Area is shown in Table 4.23.
Table 4.23: Status of Working Population in the Study Area
Total
workers
Main
workers
Marginal
workers
Non
workers
Work participation
rate
Rural 39275 26527 12748 65893 37.35
Urban 13332 12186 1146 23971 35.74
Total 52607 38713 13894 89864 36.92
4.10.10 Occupational structure
The occupational structure of the population in the study area has been studied. The Main
workers are classified on the basis of Industrial category of workers into the following four
categories:
1. Cultivators
2. Agricultural Labourers
3. Household Industry Workers
4. Other Workers
1 Main workers were those who had worked for the major part of the year preceding the date of enumeration i.e., those who were engaged in
any economically productive activity for 183 days (or six months) or more during the year.
2 Marginal workers were those who worked any time at all in the year preceding the enumeration but did not work for a major part of the year,
i.e., those who worked for less than 183 days (or six months).
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Of the total main workers in the study area, about 71 percent is engaged in the other workers
category. The type of workers that come under this category of 'Other Worker' include all
government servants, municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those
engaged in trade, commerce, business, transport banking, mining, construction, political or social
work, priests, entertainment artists, etc. In effect, all those workers other than cultivators or
agricultural labourers or household industry workers are 'Other Workers'. Distribution of the
Main Workers by Category is as shown in Table 4.24 and Figure 4.6.
Table 4.24: Distribution of Main Workers by Category
Main
Workers
Main Workers
Cultivators Agricultural
Labourers
Household
Industry
Others
Rural 26527 7285 1836 415 16991
Urban 12186 795 480 212 10699
Total 38713 8080 2316 627 27690
Figure 4.6: Percentage Distribution of Main Workers in the Study Area
After other workers category, cultivators (21 percent) and agricultural labour (6 percent) together
constitute 27 percent of the total main workers. It reflects that agricultural sector has only
absorbed 27 percent of the main workers. Only 2 percent of workers in the study area are
engaged in the household industry. Surprisingly, in the other workers category, 61.36 percent of
the total main workers in other category are rural in nature whereas only 38.64 percent are urban
in nature. Thus it reflects that the opportunities for other category workers are more in rural areas
of study area as compared to the urban areas.
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4.10.11 Infrastructure
The study area consists of 73 villages, 3 towns within the 10 km radius area. The area is more
rural in nature with 73.82 percent as rural population and 26.18 as urban population. This section
analyses the infrastructure facilities like water supply, roads, markets, banks, post offices,
schools and electrification in the study area. Una town, the district headquarter is the biggest
urban pocket in the study area with excellent physical and social infrastructure and basic
amenities.
Educational facility at the minimum level of primary education is available in all the villages
and, towns of the study area. There are many villages having more than one primary school and
some large villages have three primary schools. For college education the students go to the city.
There are some 16-20 adult literacy centres in the rural area of the study area. Medical facilities
of one or the other type are available in all the villages in the study area. The Una town also has a
big general hospital. Post and Telegraph facility is available in all the villages and towns of
study area. Although phone connections are available in most of the villages but people tend to
use mobile phones for communication. Drinking water is not a problem here as all the villages
and towns have the facility of tap water and well water. Some villages also have hand pump and
tube well as drinking water source. Road and Rail connectivity is better in the study area as all
the villages and towns have paved roads and connected by bus services. Some villages are
connected to Railway Line also. The proportion of electrified villages for the study area is
impressive. All villages and town are enjoying power supply facility for all the purposes.
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CHAPTER 5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND
MITIGATION MEASURES
5.1 Introduction
Identification of impacts and mitigation measures of the same in Environmental Impact
Assessment study helps in quantification and evaluation of impacts. During baseline study
several impacts can be identified but it is necessary to identify the critical impacts both positive
and negative on various components of the environment that are likely due to installation of
proposed storage tanks.
The environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts
are the ones that are caused directly due to the project activity on environmental attaributes,
whereas secondary impacts are indirectly induced.
The construction and operational phase of the project activity comprises various activities, each
of which may have either positive or negative impact on some or other environmental attributes.
The proposed project activities would impart impact on the environment in two distinct phases:
During construction phase - Temporary or short term impact
During operation phase - May have long term impact
5.2 Impact Assessment
5.2.1 During Construction Phase
Identified Impacts on Land/Soil Environment
During site preparation the topsoil will be removed from the project site and the approach
road, which contains most of the nutrients and organisms that give soil productivity. This
will in turn result in minor changes of topsoil structure.
Impropoer disposal of the excavated earth during installation of storage tanks may caure
irreversible negative impacts on land environment
Storage of construction material/chemicals if not done at designated place can cuase
nuisance and hazards
Accidental spillage of Hazardous chemicals/oil may lead to soil contamination
Improper segregation and disposal of solid waste generated during construction phase by
workers dwelling on site
Identified Impacts on Air Environment
The emission anticipated during construction period will include fugitive dust due to
excavation of soil, leveling of soil, use of DG sets, movement of heavy construction
equipments/vehicles, site clearing and other activities
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This type of fugitive dust is expected to result in change in the baseline air quality
specifically during the construction phase
Open burning of solid wastes can cuase air pollution
Identified Impacts on Noise Environment
The proposed project will lead to emission of noise that may have significant impact on the
surrounding communities in terms of increase in noise levels and associated disturbances.
Following activities would result in increase in noise level;
Noise generated from operation of pumps and blower
Noise generated from vehicular movement
Noise generated from DG Set
Nuisance to nearby areas due to noise polluting work at night
Identified Impacts on Water Environment
Increased water demand during construction phase for site preparation, dust spraying,
construction activities, curing, domestic and other water requirements for labour and staff
onsite
Increase in site runoff and sedimentation
Water logging may create unsanitary conditions and mosquito breeding at site
Identified Impacts on Socio-Economic Environment
The proposed project does not involve any displacement of inhabitants for the construction of
terminal.
Construction phase could lead to creation of employment and procurement opportunities.
A multiplier effect will be felt on the creation of indirect employment through the local
community establishing small shops like tea stalls, supply of intermediate raw materials,
repair outlets, hardware stores etc.
Self- employment options for individuals possessing vocational or technical training skills
like electricians, welders, fitters etc, which are likely to be sourced locally;
There would be influx of workers during construction phase which could lead to pressure on
key local infrastructure such as water, healthcare, electricity.
The construction activity could lead to increased nuisance level from air emissions and noise
due to transportation of material and equipment as well as labourers.
The construction activity could also lead to water logging in mud pockets leading to breeding
of mosquito and related health impacts.
5.2.2 During Operation Phase
Identified Impacts on Land/Soil Environment
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Soil quality may be affected by accidental leakage and spillage of hazardous chemicals/oils
Improper segregation and disposal of solid waste generated during operation of the
proposed project
Identified Impacts on Air Environment
No emission is envisaged during the storage and handling of fuel in storage tank.
No fugitive emission during loading and unloading of oil in and from storage tanks is
envisaged.
Impacts on ambient air during operation phase would be due to emissions from operation of
DG sets only during power outages.
Further, the air environment may have a little negative impact due to increase in storage
capacity which will increase the truck movement for receipt and dispatch of oil.
Identified Impacts on Noise Environment
Impact of noise due to vehicular traffic
Noise generated due to DG sets
Identified Impacts on Water Environment
Stress on existing water supply
Generation of waste water
Increased run off from site.
Identified Impacts on Socio-Economic Environment
Project and associated construction of terminal will eventually lead to permanent job
opportunities in the organized and unorganized sector. There is likely to be increased demand
for security, kitchen help, need for drivers etc.
Development of physical infrastructure due to construction of the plant which could benefit
the local population.
5.3 Impact Mitigation Measures
5.3.1 During Construction Phase
Impact Mitigation Measures for Land/Soil Environment
Top soil will be stored carefully and will be used again after construction/installation phase
is over so as to restore the fertility of project site
Bituminous materials /any other chemicals shall not be allowed to leach into the soil
Methods to reuse earth material generated during excavation will be followed
Waste oil generated from D. G. sets will be handed over to authorized recyclers approved by
CPCB
Usage of appropriate monitoring and control facilities for construction equipments deployed
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All hazardous wastes shall be securely stored, under a shed for eventual transportation and
disposal to the authorized TSDF
The solid waste generation due to workers dwelling on the site will be segregated and will
be transported and disposed off to waste disposal facility
All the chemicals used during construction phase will be stored safely and shall have proper
bund wall for the maximum volume of chemicals stored
Impact Mitigation Measures for Air Environment
Checking of vehicles and construction machinery to ensure compliance to Indian Emission
Standards3
Transportation vehicles, DG sets and machineries to be properly and timely maintained and
serviced regularly to control the emission of air pollutants in order to maintain the emissions
of NOX and SOX within the limits established by CPCB
Minimize idling time for vehicles and adequate parking provision and proper traffic
arrangement for smooth traffic flow
Use of good quality fuel and lubricants will be promoted. Moreover, low sulphur content
diesel shall be used as fuel for DG sets to control emission of SO2
Water sprinkling shall be carried out to suppress fugitive dust during earthworks and along
unpaved sections of access roads
Appropriate spill control measures and labeling / handling procedures shall be maintained
Attenuation of pollution/ protection of receptor through strengthening of existing greenbelt/
green cover
However, the construction activities will be for temporary period and hence, its impact on the
existing ambient air quality as well as vegetation will be reversible. Dust emissions are likely to
be confined within the limited area.
Impact Mitigation Measures for Noise Environment
No noise polluting work in night shifts
Accoustic enclosures for DG Sets per CPCB guidelines
Provision of ear plugs for labour in high noise area
Provision of barricades along the periphery of the site
All contractors and subcontractors involved in the construction phase should comply with
the CPCB noise standards4
4 http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/Noise-vehicle.pdf http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/noise_rules_2000.pdf
4 Main workers were those who had worked for the major part of the year preceding the date of enumeration i.e., those who were engaged in
any economically productive activity for 183 days (or six months) or more during the year.
4 Marginal workers were those who worked any time at all in the year preceding the enumeration but did not work for a major part of the year,
i.e., those who worked for less than 183 days (or six months).
4 http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/Noise-vehicle.pdf
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Activities that take place near sensitive receptors to be carefully planned (restricted to
daytime, taking into account weather conditions etc.)
Vehicles and generator sets to be serviced regularly and maintained properly to avoid any
unwanted generation of noise or vibration from them
Use of suitable muffler systems/ enclosures/ sound proof glass paneling on heavy
equipment/ pumps/ blowers
Pumps and blowers may be mounted on rubber pads or any other noise absorbing materials
In case of steady noise levels above 85 dB (A), initiation of hearing conservation measures
Strengthening of greenbelt for noise attenuation may be taken up, etc.
Impact Mitigation Measures for Water Environment
Water Avoidance of wastage of curing water
Use of tanker water for construction activity.
Provision of temporary toilets for labour
Wastewater generated will be discharged into existing sewer line
Impact Mitigation Measures for Socio-Economic Environment
Employing local people for construction work to the maximum extent possible.
Providing proper facilities for domestic supply, sanitation, domestic fuel, education,
transportation etc. for the construction workers.
Barricades, fences and necessary personnel protective equipment such as safety helmet, hoes,
goggles, harness etc. will be provided to the workers and employees.
Constructional and occupational safety measures to be adopted during construction phase of
the industry.
The health of workers will be checked for general illness; first time upon employment and
thereafter at periodic intervals, as per the local laws and regulations.
The workers will be diagnosed for respiratory functions at periodic intervals and during
specific complaints etc. Health centre and ambulance facility will be provided to the worker.
Job rotation schemes will be practiced for over-exposed persons. Insignificant impact is
expected on the workers health and safety during the operation phase stage
5.3.2 During Operation Phase
Impact Mitigation Measures for Land/Soil Environment
Installation of drainage ditches at project site to prevent erosion
http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/noise_rules_2000.pdf
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 62
All hazardous wastes shall be securely stored, under a shed for eventual transportation and
disposal to the authorized CHWTSDF
The solid domestic waste shall be segregated and stored within the premises temporarily and
then sent to waste management facility.
Impact Mitigation Measures for Air Environment
Installing an internal floating roof tank to minimize evaporation losses of the product being
stored
Checking of vehicles and construction machinery to ensure compliance to Indian Emission
Standards5
Transportation vehicles, generators and machineries to be properly and timely maintained
and serviced regularly to control the emission of air pollutants in order to maintain the
emissions of NOX and SOX within the limits established by CPCB
Stack height of DG sets shall be as per norms of CPCB to allow effective dispersion of
pollutants
Minimize idling time for vehicles and adequate parking provision and proper traffic
arrangement for smooth traffic flow
Attenuation of pollution/ protection of receptor through strengthening of existing greenbelt/
green cover
Impact Mitigation Measures for Noise Environment
Provision of proper parking arrangement, traffic management plan for smooth flow of
vehicles help to abate noise pollution due to vehicular traffic.
Green belts and landscaping shall act as noise buffer
Impact Mitigation Measures for Water Environment
Waste water will be treated in Septic tanks followed by soak pits
Rain water harvesting shall be promoted. Rainwater from the landscape area and hardscape
area will be used to recharge the ground water sources through recharge pit
Provision of Storm water drainage system with adequate capacity, Proper maintenance of
storm water drainage
In case any open spillage of oil from tank shall lead to Oil Water Separator (OWS) where
separated oil send back to storage tank after ensuring quality of product. The water from
OWS will be reused for gardening and dust suppression in the gantry areas during truck
movement.hence there is no adverse impact on receiving water body
5 http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/Noise-vehicle.pdf http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/noise_rules_2000.pdf
5 http://cpcb.nic.in/Vehicular_Exhaust.php
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 63
Impact Mitigation Measures for Socio-Economic Environment
Both skilled and unskilled local person should be given preference for the jobs in the
operation and maintenance of the plant.
5.4 Impact Matrix
The matrix was designed for the assessment of impacts associated with almost any type of
project. Its method of a checklist that incorporates qualitative information on cause-and-effect
relationships but it is also useful for communicating results.
Matrix method incorporates a list of impacting activities and their likely environmental impacts,
presented in a matrix format. Combining these lists as horizontal and vertical axes in the matrix
allows the identification of cause effect relationships, if any, between specific activities and
impacts. The impact matrix for the actions identified in Table 5.1 along with various
environmental parameters. A rating scale has been devised to give severity of impacts in the
following manner.
A. Beneficial (positive) impact – Long term
B. Low beneficial impact – Short term
C. Strong adverse (negative) impact – Long term
D. Low adverse impact (localized in nature) – Short term
E. No impacts on environment
Table 5.1: Impact Matrix
S.N. Activity
Positive Impact Negative Impact No
Impact Short
Term
Long
Term
Short
Term
Long
Term
Pre-Project Activity
1 Displacement and resettlement of
local people √
2 Change in land use √
3 Loss of trees/vegetation √
4 Shifting of equipment,
machinery and material √
5 Employment for local people √
Construction Phase
1 Pressure on infrastructure and
transportation system √
2 Impact on air quality including √
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 64
dust generation
3 Noise Pollution √
4 Traffic √
5 Impact on the land/soil
environment √
6 Impact on groundwater √
7 Stacking and disposal of
construction material √
8 Impact on water quality √
9 Health and safety conditions of
people √
10 Social impact √
11 Economic impact √
Operation Phase
1 Increase in air pollution and
noise levels √
2 Water harvesting and recharge √
3 Disposal of solid waste √
4 Infrastructure development √
5 Quality of life √
6 Handling operations for transfer,
charging of raw materials, final
product
√
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 65
5.5 Summary of Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures
The summary of the Impacts and Mitigation measures for the above mentioned environmental attributes is as summarized in Table 52.
Table 5.2: Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Impacting Activity Potential Impact
Mitigation Measures
Compliance/
Standards/ Best
Practice Guidelines
Environment/
Social Attribute Source Contaminants Environment Health and Safety
Construction Phase
Camps -
Workforce
Arrangement
(~130 workers)
Generation of sewage,
organic wastes,
construction debris etc.
Possible
contamination of
project site and
nearby water
bodies
Potential risk of
respiratory irritation,
discomfort, or
illness to workers
• Local workers will be employed, as far as
possible.
• Proper sanitation facilities will be
provided for the workers
• There are no temporary shelters provided
because local workers will be engaged
--
Air Emissions Dust and air emission
particularly due to the
excavation,
construction and
movement of vehicles
resulting in air
pollution
Rise in RSPM
level at project site
Potential risk of
respiratory irritation,
discomfort, or
illness to workers
• Barricading sheets shall be provided
• Provision of spraying water to reduce
dust emission
• Excavated topsoil to be preserved and
reused for landscaping
• Ensuring all vehicles, generators and
compressors are shall be maintained and
regularly serviced
CPCB - National
Ambient Air Quality
Standards
Noise Generation Construction noise
mainly due to
excavation, Moving of
vehicles, operations of
cranes etc.
Rise in decibel
level of ambient
noise
Unwanted sound can
cause problems
within the body.
Excessive noise
pollution in working
areas at construction
sites can influence
psychological health
viz. occurrence of
aggressive behavior,
• The vehicles used will be with the proper
acoustic measures
• Wherever this cannot be achieved the area
will be earmarked as high noise level area
requiring use of ear protection gadgets
• Avoid night time work
CPCB - Noise
Pollution
(Regulation and
Control) Rules
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 66
Impacting Activity Potential Impact
Mitigation Measures
Compliance/
Standards/ Best
Practice Guidelines
Environment/
Social Attribute Source Contaminants Environment Health and Safety
disturbance of sleep,
constant stress,
fatigue and
hypertension.
Hampered sleeping
pattern and may lead
to irritation and
uncomfortable
situations.
Soil and
Groundwater
Contamination
• Spillage of concrete
mixture containing
additives and
plasticizers.
• Spillage of
construction material
containing heavy
metals, paints,
coatings, liners, etc.
• All fuel, Liquid Cargo storage will be
sited on an impervious base within a bund
and secured place. The base and bund
walls will be impermeable to the material
stored and of an adequate capacity.
Storage at or above roof level will be
avoided
• Leaking or empty drums will be handled
as per environment management plan
• Special care will be taken during
deliveries of construction materials,
especially when fuels and hazardous
materials are being handled
• Ensure that workers know what to do in
the event of a spillage
Operation Phase
Air Emissions • Release of VOC’s
during operational
activities (filling,
withdrawal,
loading/unloading,
tank cleaning and
• Contamination of
surface, and sub-
surface water
bodies during
operational
activities (soil
• Potential risk of
respiratory
irritation,
discomfort, or
illness to workers
• Potential risk of
• Above Storage Tanks (ASTs) shall have a
secondary containment area that will
contain spills and allow leaks to be easily
detected
• Secondary containment for ASTs must be
impermeable to the materials being
US Environment
Protection Agency
Industry Standard
Emission Factors
OISD-STD-112 -
Safe Handling of Air
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 67
Impacting Activity Potential Impact
Mitigation Measures
Compliance/
Standards/ Best
Practice Guidelines
Environment/
Social Attribute Source Contaminants Environment Health and Safety
degassing.)
• For storage tanks,
the total emission of
VOC is the result of
two types of losses:
Breathing/ Standing
Losses and
Withdrawal Losses.
and
groundwater)
• The greater the
variations in
temperature of
the fuel, the
greater the
potential loss and
the larger the risk
of contamination
due to
condensation.
dermal contact
and inhalation
stored. Methods include berms, dikes,
liners, vaults, and double-walled tanks
• A manually controlled sump pump should
be used to collect rain water that may
accumulate in the containment area of
storage tanks. Any discharge should be
inspected for petroleum or chemicals
prior to being dispensed
• Installation of vapour recovery systems to
collect the VOC’s emitted during transfer
process operations. Equipment for
transferring the product into and out of
storage will consist of aboveground
piping, hoses/loading arms, valves,
pumps, instrumentation and alarms
• Installing an internal floating roof tank to
minimize evaporation losses of the
product being stored.
• Efficiencies of primary seals may be
improved through the use of weather
shields. Additional controls may be added
through a secondary seal.
• Evaporative losses from the floating roof
design are limited to losses from the seal
system and roof fittings (standing storage
loss) and any exposed liquid on the tank
walls (withdrawal loss).
Hydrocarbon
Mixtures and
Pyrophoric
Substances
American Petroleum
Institute Standards6
OISD-STD-112 -
Safe Handling of Air
Hydrocarbon
Mixtures and
Pyrophoric
Substances7
6 http://www.api.org/publications-standards-and-statistics/standards
7 http://www.oisd.nic.in/#
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 68
Impacting Activity Potential Impact
Mitigation Measures
Compliance/
Standards/ Best
Practice Guidelines
Environment/
Social Attribute Source Contaminants Environment Health and Safety
• Using a pressure-ventilated cap can
reduce evaporation losses a further 50%
Direct venting of the tank fumes is
restricted until a slight pressure has built
up in the tank.
• Having a painted and pressure vented tank
has a 75% vaporation loss reduction
compared to a dark tank.
• Placing a painted and pressure vented
tank in the shade will further reduce the
evaporation losses by over 40%. The roof
also helps reduce weathering of hoses and
valves.
• Accumulated water in tanks should be
regularly drained off and separated from
the oil which is recoverable, while the
water is sent for treatment.
Wastewater Process waste water
arising from:
Tank Bottom Draining,
Tanker vehicle
washing,
Vapour Recovery
Process,
Contaminated storm
water runoff,
Leaks and spills, etc.
• Potential damage
of tanks due to
increased
corrosions from
wastewater in
tanks.
• Potential risk of
contamination to
water bodies
from wastewater
runoff.
Potential risk of
dermal contact and
inhalation from spill
sand leaks.
• Oil water should be passed through
appropriately selected and designed oil
and grease trap. Traps are designed to
remove some oils and fuels from water.
They do not remove other pollutants, such
as heavy fuel oils, chemicals or dust.
• An API oil-water separator shall also be
used to separate gross amounts of oil and
suspended solids from the wastewater
effluents/storm water runoff.
• Other treatment method such as
reprocessing and emulsion breaking for
American Petroleum
Institute Standards
CPCB standards for
waste water
discharge -
Petrochemicals
(Basic and
Intermediates)8
8 http://cpcb.nic.in/Industry-Specific-Standards/Effluent/402.pdf
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 69
Impacting Activity Potential Impact
Mitigation Measures
Compliance/
Standards/ Best
Practice Guidelines
Environment/
Social Attribute Source Contaminants Environment Health and Safety
treating oil and water waste types;
stabilization, bio-remediation and
sediment washing for oil and sediments
waste types shall be considered.
• Biological treatment or aerobic biological
treatment (activated sludge or aerated
basins) to reduce wastewater organic
carbon (BOD and COD) load. Biological
treatment can also remove phenolic
compounds.
Hazardous
Materials, Fire
and Explosion
• Risk of fire and
explosions due to
the flammable
and combustible
nature of
petroleum
products.
• Risk of leaks and
accidental
releases from
equipment,
tanks, pipes etc
during loading
and unloading
(handling)
Potential risk of loss
of life or injury due
to fire
Storage equipment should meet standards
for structural design and integrity.
American Petroleum Institute (API)
Standards are the primary industry
standards by which most aboveground
welded storage tanks are designed,
constructed and maintained. These
standards address both newly constructed
and existing aboveground storage tanks
used in the petroleum, petrochemical and
chemical industries. The standards prescribe
leak detection, leak prevention, and leak
containment with emphasis on leak or spill
detection and containment.
Specific changes and
additions with
regards to leak or
spill prevention,
detection or
containment have
been made to API
standards most often
used for the
construction and
maintenance of
aboveground
petroleum storage
tanks.
OISD-STD-117 -
Fire Protection
Facilities for
Petroleum Depots,
Terminals, and
Pipeline Installations
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 70
Impacting Activity Potential Impact
Mitigation Measures
Compliance/
Standards/ Best
Practice Guidelines
Environment/
Social Attribute Source Contaminants Environment Health and Safety
and Lube oil
installations.
Hazardous Waste • Hazardous waste
produced include:
Tank bottom sludge
composed of residual
product, scale rust,
Sludge from
oil/water separations
systems, Spill
cleanup material
• Contaminated
equipment and
protective clothing
• Pigging waste
Risk of site
contamination
from hazardous
waste and
Risk of
contamination to
water bodies.
• Dewatering technologies can be used to
significantly reduce the volume of
sludge..
• After a solidification process it can be
transported to and disposed of at an
appropriately designated landfill and
incineration site9.
• A Spill Response Plan shall be prepared,
and the capability to implement the plan
should be in place. The Spill Response
Plan should address potential oil,
chemical, and fuel spills from facilities,
transport vehicles, loading and unloading
operations, pipeline ruptures, and
proximity of water bodies and other
festive receptors.
• Conduct a spill risk assessment for the
facilities and design, drilling, process, and
utility systems to reduce the risk of major
uncontained spills.
• Conduct a Hazard Risk Assessment using
Internationally-accepted methodologies
such as Hazardous Operations Analysis
OISD-GDN-200 -
Guidelines For
Preparation Of Oil
Spill Response
Contingency Plan
OISD-STD-114 -
Safe Handling of
Hazardous
Chemicals
9 TSDF with Secured Landfill Facility and Common Incinerator Facility at M/s Madhya Pradesh Waste Management Project (Division of Ramky Enviro
Engineers Ltd.) Plot No. 104 - Industrial Area No.-II, Pithampur, Dist- Dhar 454 775 (M.P.)
http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/hwmd/Information_TSDF.pdf
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 71
Impacting Activity Potential Impact
Mitigation Measures
Compliance/
Standards/ Best
Practice Guidelines
Environment/
Social Attribute Source Contaminants Environment Health and Safety
(HAZOP), Failure Mode and Effects
Analysis (FMEA), and Hazard
Identification (HAZID). The management
actions should be included in a Hazardous
Material Management Plan.
• Shutdown valves shall be installed to
allow early shutdown or isolation in the
event of a spill; Develop automatic
shutdown actions through an emergency
shutdown system for significant spill
scenarios so that the facility may be
rapidly brought into a safe condition.
• Ensure adequate personnel training in oil
spill, prevention, containment and
response.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 72
The above table can be summarized as shown in below matrix as Table 5.3.
Table 5.3: Overall Matrix
5.5 CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it can be concluded that proposed project activity at Pekhubella,
Himachal Pradesh shall not create any significant negative impact on physical features, water,
noise and air environment. The proposed project shall generate additional indirect employment
and indirect service sector enhancement in the region and would help in the socio-economic up-
liftmen of the local area as well as the state.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 73
CHAPTER 6. PROJECT BENEFITS
6.1 Project Benefits
The Proposed project will have indirect positive impact on surrounding area which is as
mentioned below:
• Plant will be set up on barren land; hence no displacement of people is required.
• Substantial Socio-economic benefits.
• Good Techno-commercial viability.
• Around the project site semi-skilled and unskilled workmen are expected to be available
from local population in these areas to meet the manpower requirement during construction
and Operational phase.
• There will be employment opportunity for local people during construction and operation
phase.
• Infrastructural facilities will be improved due to the project.
• Critical analyses of the existing socio-economic profile of the area indicate that the impact of
the Project is expected to be of varying nature. The following are the impacts predicted.
• Secondary employment will be generated thereby benefiting locals.
• Thus a significant benefit to the socio-economic environment is likely to be created due to
the project.
6.2 Improvements in the Physical Infrastructure
The project will improve supply position of the High Speed Diesel (HSD), Motor Spirit (MS),
Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO) and Ethanol in Himachal Pradesh state along with winter stocking
for Defence purpose, which is vital for economic growth as well as improving the quality of life.
Delivery distance by tankers which in turn will reduce trucks on the road reducing the vehicular
load on the already strained public roads, thereby reducing the noise pollution as well as air
pollution at local levels and also reduced probability of accidents on the roads due to less
movement of tank trucks.
Establishment of large developmental projects improve the availability of the physical
infrastructures like approach roads, drainage, communication and transportation facilities etc.
6.3 Improvements in the Social Infrastructure
IOCL POL terminal shall take up some community welfare activities under Corporate Social
Responsibility and also improve the social infrastructures like education and health care system
etc.
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6.4 Employment Potential
The project shall provide employment potential under unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled
categories. The employment potential shall increase with the start of construction activities,
reach a peak during construction phase and then reduce with completion of construction
activities. During operation phase also there will be employment opportunities, mainly in service
sector, although its magnitude will be much less.
The direct employment opportunities with IOCL are extremely limited and the opportunities
exist mainly with the contractors and sub-contractors. These agencies will be persuaded to
provide the jobs to local persons on a preferential basis wherever feasible.
The total employment potential of plant is 130 people which will include 30 direct and 100
indirect that includes contract labours and even security personnels.
6.5 CSR and Socio-Economic Development
IOCL not only carries out business but also understands the obligations towards the society. The
unit is aware of the obligations towards the society and to fulfill the social obligations unit will
employ semi-skilled and unskilled labor from the nearby villages for the proposed project as far
as possible. Unit will also try to generate maximum indirect employment in the nearby villages
by appointing local contractors during construction phase as well as during operation phase. The
Project Proponents will contribute reasonably as part of their Corporate Social Responsibility
(CSR) in and will carry out various activities in nearby villages.
Moreover, unit has planned to carry out various activities for the up-liftment of poor people,
welfare of women and labors, education of poor students as part of CSR in the nearby villages
and therefore , during and after proposed project, unit will spent more than that required by
statutory norms every year towards CSR activities. The various CSR activates planned at
present by the unit is described below;
• Plantation along the road side and development of garden/greenbelt on government barren
land/common plots
• Education aids and scholarship to poor students
• Organize medical camp and providing support for the development and maintenance of the
health facilities
• Financial support and assistance for the development and maintenance of the infrastructure
facilities
• Participate and contribute in local religious and social programs
• Organize various types of training program for the community like training on scientific
agricultural practices, educational training, training for tailoring, embroidery, etc. which
ultimately helpful for income generation
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 75
• Organize various types of awareness program for the community like awareness on the child
labor, educational promotion etc.
The activities listed above are not limited to and IOCL will plan and perform other activities
according to the need of local community in future. The utilization of this fund in various areas
with time bound action plan will be decided based on the requirement of the local community.
6.6 Direct Revenue Earning to the National and State Exchequer
This project will contribute additional revenue to the Central and State exchequer in the form of
excise duty, income tax, state sales tax or VAT, tax for interstate movement, corporate taxes etc.
Indirect contribution to the Central and State exchequer will be there due to Income by way of
registration of trucks, payment of road tax, income tax from individual as well as taxes from
associated units. Thus, the proposed project will help the Government by paying different taxes
from time to time, which is a part of revenue and thus, will help in developing the area.
6.7 Other Tangible Benefits
Both tangible and non-tangible benefits will result from this activity and many of those are
described above. Apart from direct employment, many other benefits will accrue like
• Erosion control by nalla training, terracing and bunding
• Flood control by rain-water arresting, and harvesting
• Aesthetics improvement by general greening with emphasis on biodiversity
• Developed economy strengthens democratic set-up.
• Developed economy brings with it literacy and healthful living
• Improved safety-security in surrounding with better Law and Order
• Symbiosis and sustainable development will be the ultimate objective
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 76
CHAPTER 7. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND
MONITORING PLAN
7.1 Introduction
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) provides an essential link between predicted
impacts and mitigation measures during implementation and operational activities. EMP outlines
the mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during project implementation
and operation to avoid or mitigate adverse environmental impacts, and the actions needed to
implement these measures.
The likely impacts on various components of environment due to the project during
developmental activities have been identified and measures for their mitigation are suggested.
The EMP lists all the requirements to ensure effective mitigation of every potential biophysical
and socio-economic impact identified in the EIA. For each attribute, or operation, which could
otherwise give rise to impact, the following information is presented:
• A comprehensive listing of the mitigation measures
• Parameters that will be monitored to ensure effective implementation of the action
• Timing for implementation of the action to ensure that the objectives of mitigation are
fully met
The EMP comprises a series of components covering direct mitigation and environmental
monitoring, an outline waste management plan and a project site restoration plan. Therefore,
environmental management plan has been prepared for each of the above developmental
activities.
7.2 EMP during Construction Phase
Environmental pollution during construction stage will be limited and for a temporary period
during the construction activity. Construction should be planned in such a way that excavated
material should be disposed safely. The manpower required for these activities should preferably
be employed from nearby villages so that avenues of employment will be open to local people.
Directly or indirectly all the environmental components get affected due to the construction
activity. The following environmental protection and enhancement measures are suggested for
implementation by the contractor or the authority during the construction as applicable.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 77
7.2.1 Air Environment
During the construction phase, gaseous emissions are expected from the heavy machineries
deployed for construction. All other emission sources are intermittent. Though the gaseous
emissions are not expected to contribute significantly to the ambient air quality, some generic
measures to reduce fugitive and gaseous pollutants emissions during construction phase from
point area and line sources shall include the following:
• All equipment used during construction should have valid PUC certitifcate.
• The storage and handling of soil, sub-soils, top-soils and materials will be carefully managed
to minimize the risk of wind blown material and dust
• To avoid generation of air borne dust, water sprinkling should done.
• There will be no on-site burning of any waste arising from any construction activities
• All vehicles delivering construction materials or removing soil will be covered to prevent
escape of dust
• Engines and exhaust systems of all vehicle and equipment will be maintained so that exhaust
emissions do not exceed statutory limits and that all vehicles and equipment are maintained
in accordance with manufactures’ manuals. Periodic monitoring of this shall be undertaken to
ensure compliance
• Exhausts of other equipment used for construction (e.g. generators) will be positioned at a
sufficient height to ensure dispersal of exhaust emissions and meet the standards set by
CPCB.
7.2.2 Noise Environment
The following environmental management measures are recommended to mitigate adverse
impacts on noise environment during construction phase:
• Earth movers and construction machinery with low noise levels should be used
• Periodic maintenance of construction machinery and transportation vehicles should be
undertaken
• Onsite workers should be provided with noise protection devices such as ear plugs/ muffs
wherever necessary
• Periodic monitoring for the noise levels within the project site and along the outside project
boundary shall be undertaken to ensure compliance per CPCB set standards
7.2.3 Water Environment
Drinking water requirements during the construction phase by the contractors should be met
from proposed borewells on site. Construction labourers should be provided with adequate
quantity of drinking water of potable quality.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 78
Sufficient and appropriate sanitary facilities should be provided in order to maintain hygienic
conditions in the camps of construction labourers. The wastes, such as, sanitary wastes should be
treated in septic tanks followed by soak pits of appropriate size and technology.
The solid waste generated should be collected and disposed in an appropriate manner either at a
landfill site or used as compost for agricultural uses. Area for maintenance of vehicles should be
so located that contamination of groundwater by accidental spillage of oil can be prevented.
7.2.4 Land Environment
• On completion of construction works all temporary structures, surplus materials and wastes
should be completely removed. Dumping of construction waste on agricultural land should
be prohibited and stockpiles should be provided with gentle slopes.
• The solid wastes such as paints, lubricants, oil, diesel containers or any other non-
biodegradable wastes that have leachable constituents should be disposed to authorized
recyclers.
• A waste management plan should be prepared or integrated with existing plan before the
commissioning, implemented and monitored. In areas, where soil quality for natural
vegetation is of critical concern, loosening of soil in such areas will be done to mitigate soil
compaction caused due to operation of heavy machinery.
7.2.5 Biological Environment
The region does not have dense vegetation and landuse is dominated by agriculture activities.
Following environemtnal managemenr measures are recommended to mitigate adverse impacts
on biological environment during construction phase:
• Plantation should commence at the time site clearing is being undertaken
• Number of trees replanted should be at least two times of trees removed
• Native species must be planted
7.2.6 Socio-economic Environment
Given that the project and related developments like construction camps will not be dependent
on local resources (power, water), during both construction and operations, the only likely
impact on infrastructure would be on the roads, especially NH 503 and NH 21A during the
construction phase. Considering the high traffic emanating during construction phase an effective
traffic management scheme should be developed to avoid congestion on the nearby and local
roads.
Local persons will get employment during Construction phase.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 79
7.2.7 Health and Safety
• The movement of heavy equipment should be done with proper precaution to prevent any
accidents on the road. Occupational risk should be minimized at the project site through
implementation of a full proof safety system. Speed limit set for movement of vehicles with
20 km/hr on village roads to reduce risks of accidents or injuries.
• Safety training should be provided to all construction workers on operation of equipment.
Security should also be extended during non-working hours to ensure there is controlled
access to the machinery and equipment.
• The contractors should also be vigilant to detect workers showing symptoms of
communicable diseases. All contract labors should be vaccinated. All illness and incidents
shall be reported and recorded.
7.3 EMP during Operation
In order to mitigate the impacts due to capacity expansion of facility on various environmental
components, the following environmental management measures are recommended:
7.3.1 Air Environment
• Leak detection and repair (LDAR) program to be implemented in the facility
• Ambient air quality with respect to SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx, H2S, CO and HC monitoring
shall be continued at appropriate locations in the impact zone
• To minimize occupational exposure/hazards, the present practice of using personal protective
facilities like helmets, safety (gas) mask/safety dress, shoes etc. be ensured for all workers,
engaged in operation of process units within the facility complex
• Stacks of adequate height (CPCB norms) for DG Sets to ensure adequate dispersal of
pollutants will be provided.
• Waste oil will not be incinerated and will be sold to MoEF/HPPCB authorised waste oil
recyclers
• All access roads (internal as well as external) to be used by the project authorities will be
paved (either with WBM, concrete or bitumen) to suppress the dust generation along the
roads
7.3.2 Noise Environment
Similar measures as proposed in the construction phase for noise making machinery, to ensure
practicably low noise levels within the work environment.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 80
• The major areas of concern for noise generation will be adequately addressed by considering
it during procurement of the machinery from vendors, project implementation stage. Further
feedback from the monitored noise levels at sensitive locations will be taken to ensure that
the impact due to high noise levels is practically minimized
• Monitor job and location specific noise levels for compliance with HSE regulations by
verifying acceptability of noise levels caused by the project activities and comparison with
noise criteria
• Conduct periodic audiometric tests for employees working close to high noise levels, such as
compressors, DG sets, etc
• Provision of PPE’s will be done and their proper usage will be ensured for eardrum
protection of the workers as well as visitors
• Acoustic barriers and silencers should be used in equipment wherever necessary
• Sound proofing/ glass panelling should be provided at critical operating stations/ control
rooms, etc
• Monitoring of ambient noise levels should also be carried out regularly both inside the
facility area as well as outside the peripheral greenbelt
7.3.3 Water Environment
Oil Water Separator (OWS) System
A holding tank of 600 m3 will be provided to receive following streams:
• Storm water streams potentially contaminated by oil
• Tank Cleaning
• Waste Water generated periodically from fire drills and fire fighting in case of accident.
This tank will then be connected to OWS with a capacity of 60 m3/hr. The oil free water should
then be used for green belt development to the extent possible.
Additionally, for domestic sewage, septic tank followed by soak pits shall be provided.
There will be no disposal of untreated water on land.
7.3.4 Land Environment
• Every precaution should be taken to avoid spillage of oils and other petroleum products on
soils to protect groundwater and to avoid any danger to other soil microbial groups which are
sensitive to oil pollution
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 81
• Oil is a potential hazardous substance present in wastes generated from facility. Special care
has to be taken in all oil removal operations. OWS Sludge will be sent to authorized
CHWTSDF.
• Greenbelt in and around the facility may be strengthened/maintained
• A record w.r.t quantity, quality and treatment/management of solid/hazardous waste shall be
maintained at environmental monitoring cell
Plan of green belt development
• Along the periphery of the proposed marketing termina facility ~10 m Green belt will be
developed. Out of the total land of 25 Ha acquired for facility and associated facilities, about
8.25 ha has been earmarked for development of green belt. Plantation density of 2500 trees
per ha should be provided.
• The main entrance road is also adorned with date palm trees in the median and coconut trees
of dwarf varieties along the sides. The initiative will not only beautify the landscape but also
help reducing pollution in the environment.
• Water requirement in the greenbelt and horticulture area will be met from treated effluent of
OWS.
• A list of the variety of trees to be planted as a part of green belt development for the facility
has been enlisted in Table x.
Solid/Hazardous Waste Management
• Oily sludge generated from the OWS system shall be disposed of to CHWTSDF.
• In addition variety of wastes specially used oil containers will be generated from operations.
This will be sent for recycling to the approved parties as per the approval of HPPCB.
7.3.5 Biological Environment
Development of green belt with carefully selected plant species is of prime importance due to
their capacity to reduce noise and air pollution impacts by attenuation/assimilation and for
providing food and habitat for local micro fauna.
7.3.6 Socio-economic Environment
In order to mitigate the impacts likely to arise out of the proposed project and also to maintain
good will of local people, it is necessary to take steps for improving the social environment.
Necessary social welfare measures by the industry shall be useful in gaining public confidence
and meet local area development requirement. The following measures are suggested:
• IOCL shall continue to undertake social welfare programs for the betterment of the Quality
of Life of villages around in collaboration with the local bodies
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 82
• Some basic amenities, viz. education, safe drinking water supply to the nearby villages may
be taken up
• Regular medical check up shall be continued on routine basis in the villages around the
facility and also by providing mobile hospital services
• Formal and informal training to provide direct and indirect employment to the affected
villagers due to the project shall be taken up on priority
• Focus shall be on literacy program in collaboration with local government and emphasis will
be placed on female literacy. Wherever feasible awareness on improved agricultural practices
for increased utilization of land around will be taken up in collaboration with local
government & panchayat
7.4 Capital / Recurring Expenditure on Environmental Management
The expenditure will be incurred by IOCL on environmental Matters is given in Table 7.1.
Table 7.1: Expenditure on Environmental Matters
SN ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT
CAPITAL
EXPENDITURE
(IN CRORES)
RECURRING
EXPENDITURE
(IN CRORES)
1. Emission Control and Engineering (VRS, Al
dome/IFR) 12.00 1.20
2. Water and Wastewater Management
(Mech OWS/ETP) 1.00 0.15
3. Solid Waste Management (Sludge pit/ Bio-
remediation) 0.50 0.10
4. Greening Drive 0.50 0.10
5. Process Safety Facilities and EMP & Funds
for HSE (Fire water storage/ FH system,
AOPS, Safety PLC, HCD, Radar gauge etc)
20.00 1.50
6. Lab Equipments and Monitoring Cell 0.20 0.01
TOTAL 34.20 3.06
It is expected that IOCL shall incur approximate capital expenditure of about INR 34.20 Crores
and an annual recurring expenditure of about INR 3.06 Crores, at current price on environmental
matters.
7.5 Environmental Monitoring Programme
Introduction
Environmental Management is nothing but resource management and environmental planning is
just the same as development planning. They are just the other side of the same coin. The
resource management and development planning look at the issue from narrow micro-
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 83
economical point of view while environmental management views the issue from the broader
prospective of long term sustained development option, which ensures that the environment is
not desecrated.
For the effective and consistent functioning of the project, proper environmental monitoring
programme should be carried at the Pekhubella terminal.
The programme should include the following:
• Environmental Monitoring
• Personnel Training
• Regular Environmental audits and Correction measures
• Documentation–standards operation procedures Environmental Management Plan and other
records
Environmental Monitoring
Work of monitoring shall be carried out at the locations to assess the environmental health in the
post period. A post study monitoring programme is important as it provides useful information
on the following aspects.
• It helps to verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study.
• It helps to indicate warnings of the development of any alarming environmental situations,
and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures in advance.
The monitoring programmes in different areas of environment, outlined in the next few sections,
have been based on the findings of the impact assessment studies described in Chapter 4. Post
study monitoring programme have been summed up in Table 7.2.
Table 7.2: Post Study Environmental Monitoring Program
Area of
Monitoring
Number and
Sampling locations
Frequency of
Sampling
Parameters to be Analysed
Ambient Air
Quality
1 station within
premises.
Once in three
months.
PM10, PM2.5,SO2, NOx, HC, VOCs
and other parameters as specified
by HPPCB consents
Stack monitoring of
DG Set
Once in three months PM10, PM2.5,SO2, NOx, CO and
other parameters as specified by
HPPCB consents
Water 1 Ground water sample
within the terminal
Twice in a year • Physical and Chemical
parameters
• Bacteriological parameters
• Heavy metals and toxic
constituents
Inlet and Outlet at
OWS
Daily when in
operation
Parameters as specified in HPPCB
consents
Noise Within 2 location , 1
within the premises
Twice a year Sound Pressure Levels (Leq)
during day and night times.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 84
and 1 in near by village
Solid Waste Records of generation
of used drums, bags
and
records of their
dispatch to suppliers
for refilling
Daily --
Records of generation
of waste oils and their
treatment
Daily --
Records of generation,
handling, storage,
transportation and
disposal of other solid,
aqueous
and organic hazardous
wastes as required by
hazardous waste
authorization
Daily --
Environmental
Audit
Environmental
statement under the EP
(Act) 1986
Once in a year --
7.5.1 Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring of ambient air quality at the Terminal site should be carried out on a regular basis to
ascertain the levels of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere; ambient air quality shall be monitored as
per Table 7.1.
7.5.2 Surface Water Quality
Water quality constitutes another important area in the post study monitoring programme. There
are no major streams or perennial sources of surface water in the study area. Contamination of
surface water in the vicinity of Terminal area during the operation is possible only in one form.
i. Contamination of rain water passing through the Terminal.
Surface water near the Terminal area should be generally sampled as per the above table.
7.5.3 Ground Water Quality
Ground water quality is also required to be checked periodically to detect any contamination
arising out of terminal. Ground water near the terminal area and nearby villages should be
generally sampled twice in a year and analyzed for physical, chemical and bacteriological
parameters, including heavy metals and trace elements.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 85
7.5.4 Soil Quality
Soil samples close to the Terminal shall be collected as per above table. The samples should be
analyzed for physical and chemical parameters as well as organic and nutrient content and heavy
metals. This would help to detect any contamination or build up of harmful or toxic elements due
to leachate from the pollutants.
7.5.5 Noise Level
Ambient noise levels should be monitored at 2 locations inside and outside the plant in pre-
monsoon and post-monsoon seasons for day time and night time Leq.
7.6 Environmental Management Cell
The persons-in-charge of the terminal with the assistance of operation and maintenance
engineers at respective stations presently look after environmental management.
Technical officers of the terminal station shall regularly carry out the following:
• Sampling and analysis of noise and water samples.
• Systematic and routine housekeeping at the terminal station.
Apart from the regulatory requirements, officials conduct inter station environment auditing to
improve the performance. As part of company’s endeavor, the IOCL has been accredited with
national and international certification of repute such as ISO: 14001 and ISO: 9002. Under this
following aspects are covered.
• Reviewing the whole operation of terminal, once in every two years, to identify the
environmental aspects.
• Following the changes/amendments to central/state legislation pertaining to environment
management.
• Assessing the level of experience, competence and training to ensure the capability of
personnel, especially those carrying out specialized environmental management
functions.
• Conducting environmental awareness programme for the employees at terminal site.
• Measurement of pollution emissions and levels at terminal through an external agency
approved by SPCBs.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 86
CHAPTER 8. ADDITIONAL STUDIES
8.1 Introduction
Indian Oil Corporation is Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Storage Terminal at Pekhubella
Village, Una, Himachal Pradesh for meeting requirements of the petroleum product demand of
Defence forces in the northern Commend sector & to cater to the local need in the State of
Himachal Pradesh. The terminal has shall supply Petrol (MS), Kerosene (SKO), High speed
diesel (HSD) to carry out Winter stocking for the armed forces & for satisfying the Sustainable
development of the region.
Figure 8.1 represents the project site with 500m buffer zone detailing salient features of the
project.
Figure 8.1: Map showing project site along with occupancies in 500 Meters buffer zone
Contour map of 500m buffer zone as in Figure 8.2 shows shows relatively flat topography
between elevations of 360 to 367 MSL. Additionally, Figure 8.3 represents 500m buffer zone
drainage map with the existing nallah passing the project site. It is to be noted that the nallah is
proposed to be realigned as shown in Site Layout.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 87
Figure 8.2: 500m buffer Contour Map
Figure 8.3: 500m buffer Drainage Map
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 88
It is seen from the contour map that land leveling with sufficient height and diversion of nallah
passing near Storage area is required to avoid storm water logging. Sufficient diameter Storm
Water drain line and natural rain water below 500 meter elevated access from main road is most
important for 24x7 operations.
8.2 Storage System
The process involved can be divided into two parts. This report covers only Risk assessment of
Storage area only. Receipt of finished petroleum products through cross country pipeline and its
impact cannot be covered as it is not suggested at this stage. Storage of petroleum products in
storage tanks fabricated as per international standards. Man activity of project is dispatch of
petroleum products through Tank Lorries for Army & for local retail suppliers.
The entire operation of receipt, storage and dispatch of petroleum products is carried out in a
closed system thereby eliminating risk of spillage of products and to achieve enhanced safety.
The petroleum products viz. MS, HSD, SKO will be received from through the cross country
pipeline namely Panipat Ambala Jallandhar Pipeline (PAJPL) which is currently operational
between Panipat & Jallandhar by taking a tap off point. It is proposed to provide a 10.75" dia
branch pipeline of approx. 70 kms. long from Urapar RCP (chainage 118.2 kms. from Ambala.)
to the proposed marketing terminal. The proposed Site Layout is enclosed as Annexure I.
8.2.1 General Classification of Petroleum Products
Petroleum products are classified according to their closed cup FLASH POINTS as given below:
Class-A Petroleum: Liquids which have flash point below 230
C.
Class-B Petroleum: Liquids which have flash point of 230
C and above but below 650
C.
Class-C Petroleum: Liquids which have flash point of 650
C and above but below 930
C.
Excluded Petroleum: Liquids which have flash point of 930
C and above.
8.2.2 Hazardous Area
An area will be deemed to be hazardous where Petroleum having flash point below 65 deg.C or
any flammable gas or vapor in a concentration capable of ignition is likely to be
present.Petroleum or any flammable liquid having flash point above 65 deg.C is likely to be
refined, blended or stored at above its flash point vied “The Petroleum Rules - 2002".
8.2.3 Storage Tank Details
Tank nos T-01 A, B, C & D (Stand by) has normal capacity of 9891 m3 with Dyke-1 & having
30 m Dia and 14 m Height. Class A product storage at one cluster at rare side plot area is to
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 89
avoid accidental ignition source from recipient station, dispatch area & Pre mix with ethanol
activities. Deatails of proposed storage tanks is as shown in Table 8.1.
Table 8.1: Storage of Class A & class B & Fire water Tanks
Schedule Of Tanks Class ‘A’ Product (Flash Point < 23 C )
TAG
NO.
Size Product Nominal
Capacity
Licensed
Capacity
Location Remarks
T-D1A 30.00 m
x14.00 m H
Motor Spirit 9861 m3 8004 m
3 DYKE-IV IFR
T-D1B 30.00 m
x14.00m H
Motor Spirit 9861 m3 8004 m
3 DYKE-IV IFR
T-D1C 30.00 m
x14.00 m H
Motor Spirit 9861 m3 8004 m
3 DYKE-IV IFR
T-DBA 2.1 m x 6 m
L
Motor Spirit 20.77 m3 20 m
3 UG Horizontal
T-D4A 12.00 m x
8.00 m H
Ethanol 899 m3 601 m
3 DYKE-IV IFR
T-D4B 12.00 m x
8.00 m H
Ethanol 899 m3 601 m
3 DYKE-IV IFR
T-D4C 12.00 m x
8.00 m H
Ethanol 899 m3 601 m
3 DYKE-IV IFR
T-DBD 2.1 m x 6 m
L
Ethanol 20.77 m3 20 m
3 UG Horizontal
TR-1 12.00 m x
8.00 m H
Transmix 904.32 m3 600 m
3 DYKE-IV IFR
Sub Total for Licensed Capacity of Class ‘A’
Products
26440 m3
Schedule Of Tanks Class ‘B’ Product (Flash Point > 23 C<65 C)
T-02A 40.00 m x
14.00 m H
HSD 17530 m3 16003 m
3 DYKE-II CRV
T-02B 40.00 m x
14.00 m H
HSD 17530 m3 16003 m
3 DYKE-II CRV
T-02C 40.00 x
14.00 m H
HSD 17530 m3 16003 m
3 DYKE-II CRV
T-08B 2.1 m x 6 m
L
HSD 20.77 m3 20 m
3 UG Horizontal
T-08E
(OWN
USE)
2.1 m x 6 m
L
HSD 20.77 m3 20 m
3 UG Horizontal
T-03A 28.00 m x
11.00 m H
SKO 6742.m3
6006 m3
DYKE-III CRV
T-03B 28.00 m x
11.00 m H
SKO 6742.m3
6006 m3
DYKE-III CRV
T-08C 2.1 m x 6 m SKO 20.77 m3 20 m
3 UG Horizontal
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 90
L
T-08F 2.1 m x 6 m
L
Bio-Diesel 20.77 m3
20 m3
UG Horizontal
TR-2 12.00 m x
8.00 m L
Transmix 899m3
752 m3
UG CRV
Sub Total For Licensed Capacity Of Class ‘B’
Products
60853 m3
Grand Total of Licensed Capacity 87309 m3
Schedule of Fire Water Tanks
WT-
01/02/03
24.00 m x
11.00 m H
Water 4953m3
3790m3
- CRV
Facilities provided at project area are as shown in Table 8.2.
Table 8.2: Schedule of Facilities
SN Description Size Remarks
1 Ttd-1& Ttd-2 10.00 m x 6.50 m STRL
2A Product Pump Shed 115.00 m x 10.00 m STRL
2 Manifold Area 115.00 m x 35.00 m STRL
3 ETP Area 60.00 m x 40.00 m
4 Fire Water Pump Shed 36.00 m x 14.00 m STRL
5 Caliberation Shed Area 18.00 m x 10.00 m STRL
6 Dg Shed 18.00 m x 15.00 m STRL
7 Ht Yard 7.00 m x 5.00 m
8 Pmcc Room & Transformer Room 42.00 m x 16.00 m RCC
9 Control Room 50.00 m x 15 m RCC
10 Underground Tank Area 46.00 m x 8.250 m RCC
11 Admin Building 24.00 m x20 m RCC
12 Canteen/ Aminities Building 20.00 m x 20 m RCC
13 Store/Warehouse 20.00 m x 15 m RCC
14 Qc Lab Room 18.00 m x 12 m RCC
15 Sample Store Room 5.00 m x 5 m RCC
16 Locker Room 14.00 m x 8 m RCC
16A Entry Canopy 10.00 m x 28 m STRL
16B Exist Canopy 15.00 m x 28 m STRL
17 S & D Room 14.00 m x 10 m RCC
18 It Crew Rest Room/Canteen 25.00 m x 10 m RCC
19 Engg Store 15.00 m x 15 m RCC
20 Material Stack Yard 40.00 m x 30 m
21 PPP/First Aid Room 1400 m x 4 m RCC
22 Security Cabin 12.00 m x 6 m RCC
23 Tractor/ Mobile Foam Trailer Shed 20.00 m x 8 m STRL
24 Main Gate Rain 6 m + 1.2 m Wicked
Gate
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 91
25 Water Harvesting Pit Deleted Part of Lawn
26 Vapour Evaporating Room 15.00 m x 8 m STRL
27 Main Emergency Gate
28 Tt Parking Area 14000m2
29 Scooter / Car Parking Area 105 m2 in GF of item
11
30 Boundry Wall
31 Maintainance Room 15.00 m x 10 m RCC
32 Fire-Water Ug Tanks 10.00 m x 7 m x 2 m
deep
RCC
33 Water Reservior 5.00 m x 2 m x 2 m
deep
RCC
34 Slugde Tank 12.00 m x 8 m
To maintain environmental & occupational risk along with to maintain high process safety
standard OWS System, Vapor recovery system, Fire Water Tanks, Fire Pumps, CCTV, Hydrant
Network from all sides control room with BMS system, etc shall be provided to this Greenfield
Petroleum Storage Terminal.
Table 8.3: Schedule of Pumps
Product
Capacity Head MLC
No of Pumps
Operation Standby
MS 360 m3/h 50 2 1
HSD 360 m3/h 50 4 1
SKO 360 m3/h 50 2 1
Ethanol 108 m3/h 60 2 1
MFA for MS 100 LpH 60 1 1
MFA for HSD 100 LpH 60 1 1
Blue Dye 0.10 m3/h 60 1 1
HSD, MS, SKO, Ethanol,
Bio-Diesel own use HSD 72 m
3/h 40 6 0
Borewell pump 100 m3/h 50 1 1
Sludge Pump for MS 72 m3/h 40 1 0
Sludge Pump for SKO 72 m3/h 40 1 0
Slop Oil Pump for HSD 72 m3/h 40 1 0
Mix Product 216 m3/h 50 1 1
Slope Oil 72 m3/h 40 1 0
Considering the high Risk of Fire and explosion, Main Fire Pumps & Jockey pumps electrical
driven are also provided and details provided in Table 8.4.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 92
Table 8.4: Schedule of Fire Fighting Pumps
SN Description Capacity Head
mWC
Nos of Pumps
Operating Standby
1 Jockey Pumps Electrical Driven 60 m3/hr 110 1 1
2 Main Pumps Deisel Engine Driven 616 m3/hr 105 3 2
The overall dimensions of Dykes is as provided in Table 8.5 and TLF and TLD details are as
provided in Table 8.6 and Table 8.7 respectively.
Table 8.5: Overall Dimensions of Dykes
Sr. No. Dyke Wall Containing Tanks (No.) Max. Capacity Tank
m3
Overall
Dimension
Dyke - I MS (3x8000) 15,986 110 m x 110 m
Dyke – II HSD (3x16000) 27,090 130 m x 130 m
Dyke – III SKO (2x6000) 7,259 128 m x 49 m
Dyke - IV Ethanol
Transmix (2x600) 1,920
68 m x 22.5 m
46 m x 22.5m
Table 8.6: TLF Point Details
Product Bay No Loading Details Sub-Total
MS 1 to 8 Bottom 8
HSD 1 to 16 Bottom 16
SKO 9 to 16 Top & Bottom 8
Grand Total Loading Points 32
Table 8.7: TLD Point Details
Products No.of points
MS 4 Nos
SKO 4 Nos
HSD 4 Nos
Ethanol 4 Nos
8.2.4 Fire Fighting Facilities provided at Una Greenfield Storage at Una
• Water Sprinkler system on proposed MS & HSD as per prevailing safety guidelines issued by
OISD
• Foam fighting system on proposed Diesel (HSD) and Petrol (MS) tanks as per prevailing
safety guidelines issued by OISD
• Provision of Fire hydrant piping network for the new product tank farms.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 93
8.2.5 Other Civil Facilities:
• Room for the Transformer and HT Breaker
• Fire Pumps
• MCC room
• Dyke walls for proposed product tanks
• Roads and Storm water drains for the new product tank farms
• Driveway around TLF shed
8.3 Hazard Identification
A liquid hydrocarbon fuel storage tank farm is a particular type of a chemical installation, in
which the hazard stems mainly from the big potential for fire. Hazards analysis is comprise all
the general items such as:
• Description of the local area; Nearby area ia totally agriculture with minimum habitat and no
HT Line or railway track is passing , Main road is about 500 meters away from storage area
Hence No Ignition source from Road accidents to vapors of storage tank .
• General map.;No forest of wild grass growth inside least jungle fire hazards
• Availability of water .Water table is at easy at about 19 ft with ample hydro geological
surface Good source for fire fighting for long hours
• Meteorological data of the area indicate that toxicants from tank fire will not affect major to
Una city being upwind direction
• Ground plan of the plant and/or tank farm are suitable in case of earth quack to withstand
structure
8.3.1 Methodology
• Tank inspection; before going into a full-blown quantitative analysis, this work proposes a
screening methodology that can, quite easily, lead to the identification of the areas where a
fire can start as a result of a hazardous substance release.
• The methodology is based on the philosophy of the checklist, namely a catalogue of causes
that could lead to the failure of the tank, together with a list of preventive and /or protection
measures that can avert the occurrence of an accident in a storage tank.
• These lists derive from past experience of tank operation and maintenance, and are to be
considered as prerequisite conditions to avoid problems in safety.
• If an installation satisfies these criteria, then the accident potential is very low without
banning risk totally.
8.3.2 Mechanical Hazards
Failure causes of tank accidents stated as under
The most common initiating events or failure causes for fixed/cone and floating roof tanks are
grouped in the general headings presented in Table 8.8.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 94
Table 8.8: Failure Causes of Hydrocarbon Storage Tank
This proposed project is situated in Shivalika Mountain Range at Una, HP. In extreme winter
water may likely cause hurdle in fire fighting.
8.3.3 Fire & Explosion Index
The major plant element of Greenfield storage at Una HP containing hazardous material are the
storage tanks, associated pumping/transfer processes and tank truck loading. The Fire and
Explosion Index has been calculated based on the method developed by Dow Chemical
Company (USA).
The Fire and Explosion Index F is calculated from
F = MF x (1 +GPHtot) x (1 + SPHtot)
In which
MF = Material Factor, a measure for the potential energy of the
Dangerous substances present (According to NFPA data)
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 95
GPHtot = General Process Hazards, a measure for the hazards inherent
in the process (from the nature and characteristics of the process)
SPHtot = Special Process Hazards, a measure for the hazards originating from the specific
installation (process conditions, nature and size of Installation, etc.)
The Fire and Explosion Index (F&EI) calculation is a tool to help determine the areas of greatest
loss potential in a particular processing (loading and unloading of petroleum products in
greenfield storage at Una H. It also enables one to predict the physical damage that would occur
in the event of an incident in the Terminal.
The first step in making the F&EI calculation requires using an efficient and logical procedure to
determine which process units should be studied. A process unit is defined as any major item of
process equipment. The following process units could be identified in a typical plant or
Terminal.
• Unloading facility/Recipient Station
• Storage tank
• Loading facility
The Material Factor (MF) is the basic starting value in the computation of the F&EI and other
risk analysis values for the terminal. The MF is obtained from the flammability and instability
rankings according to NFPA 704. The MF is a measure of the intrinsic rate of potential energy
release from fire or explosion produced by combustion or chemical reaction.
8.3.4 Process Hazard
After the appropriate Material Factor has been determined, the next step is to calculate the
Process Unit Hazards Factor, which is the term that is multiplied by the Material Factor to obtain
the F&EI.
When calculating the penalties comprising the Process Unit Hazards Factor, F3, pick a single
specific instant in time during which the material under consideration is in the most hazardous
normal operation state associated with the Process Unit. Startup, continuous operation and
shutdown are among the operational states of the terminal may be considered.
Calculations have been made for the F&E Index for storage of petroleum Product as given in
Table 8.9 and Hazard Categories as per Dow’s F&EI is shown in Table 8.10.
Table 8.9: F&E Index
GENERAL PROCESS HAZARDS Penalty Factor
Range
Penalty Factor
Used
Base Factor 1 1
A. Exothermic Chemical Reactions- NA 0.30 to 1.25 0
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 96
B. Endothermic Chemical Reactions- NA 0.20 to 0.40 0
C. Material Handling and Transfer 0.25 to 1.05 0.5
D. Enclosed or Indoor Process Units- NA 0.25 to 0.90 0
E. Access- NA 0.20 to 0.35 0
F. Drainage and Spill Control 0.25 to 0.50 0.5
GENERAL PROCESS HAZARDS (F1) 2.0
2. SPECIAL PROCESS HAZARDS Penalty Factor
Range
Penalty Factor
Used
Base Factor 1 1
A. Toxic Material (s) 0.20 to 0.80 0
B. Sub - Atmospheric Pressure (< 500 mm Hg) 0.5 0
C. Operation in or near flammable range (non inerted)
1. Tank Farms Storage Flammable Liquids 0.5 0.5
2. Process Upset or Purge Failure- No process 0.3 0
3. Always in flammable range - NA 0.8 0
D. Dust Explosion 0.25 to 2.00 0
E. Pressure - Operating Pressure : Ambient 0
F. Low Temperature - NA 0.20 to 0.30 0
G Quantity of Flammable/ Unstable Material
Quantity :approx. 3E9 lbs, Heat of Combustion : 18-
20 E-3 BTU/lb
1. Liquids or Gases in Process : No Process 0
2. Liquids or Gases in Storage 0.1
3. Combustible Solids in Storage, Dust in Process
(<0.1 E9BTU) 0
H. Corrosion and Erosion (<0.5 mm/yr) 0.10 to 0.75 0.1
I. Leakage : Joints and Packing (minor expected) 0.10 to 1.50 0.1
J. Use of Fired Equipment - NA -
K. Hot Oil Heat Exchange System - NA 0.15 to 1.15 -
L. Rotating Equipment- pumps 0.5 0.5
SPECIAL PROCESS HAZARDS FACTOR (F2) 2.3
Table 8.10: Hazard Categories as per Dow’s F&EI
F & E Index Value Hazard Category
0 to 60 light
61 to 96 Moderate
97 to 127 intermediate
128 to 158 Heavy
>159 Severe
Comparison of the highest calculated F& E Index with the above table shows that proposed
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 97
Greenfield Hydrocarbon Storage at IOCL Una HP falls in the Moderate hazard category.
The fire and health hazards are also categorized based on NFPA (National Fire Protection
Association) classifications, described below in Table 8.11.
Table 8.11: Hazard Identification
S. No Products Nh Nf Nr
1. MS 1 3 0
2. HSD 0 2 0
3. SKO 0 2 0
4. ETHANOL 0 3 0
Nh NFPA health hazard factor
Nf NFPA flammability hazard factor
Nr NFPA reactivity hazard factor
Evaluation of the hazard based on the F&E Index is done based on the following guidelines:
8.3.5 Flammable
All the products handled at the Greenfield HydrocarbonS storage at Una, HP possess flammable
characteristics. Motor spirit with a flammability factor (Nf) of 3 may be considered as flammable
as it may be ignited even at ambient conditions. HSD, &SKO, with a flammability factor of 2
need to be heated moderately above ambient temperature before they could ignite. The “Flash
Point” is a good measure of the flammability potential. It may be inferred that MS is
“flammable” with flash point lower than the ambient temperature (280C). These flammable
materials on release are expected to form a large pool within the dykes of the terminal on release
from storage tanks. On an encounter with a source of ignition, there exists the potential for a pool
fire.
From the boiling point, it is seen that all the products have boiling points in excess of ambient
temperature; hence vapour formation subsequently resulting in a Vapour Cloud Explosion (VCE)
or a Flash Fire outcome is generally unlikely. However, tank and tanker explosions are simulated
for the rare possibility of a flammable mixture forming within the closed tank. In the open
(where there is zero extent of confinement), these materials do not have sufficient vapour
pressure to explode)
Electrical Fittings & Equipments &Hazard areas classified as under:-
“0” AREA: Area where inflammable gases or vapours are expected to be continuously
present; e.g. Tank Farm, Class a Product tank area & Roofs of Floating roof tanks
“1” AREA: Area where inflammable gases or vapours are likely to be present under normal
operation condition; e.g. Tank Lorry Filling Shed, Pump House/Manifold & Oil water
separator
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 98
“2” Area; Area where inflammable gases or vapours are likely to be present only under
abnormal condition of failure or rupture of an equipment; e.g. Yard, Gate Area & Drainage
Blast over Pressures: The term over pressure (∆p) is applied to a pressure difference, relative to
a "normal" or "ambient" pressure. "Blast over pressure (BOP), also known as high energy
impulse noise, is a damaging outcome of explosive detonations.
Over pressures depend upon the reactivity class of material like HSD, MS & Ethenol present in
the Green field storage at Una HP, and the amount of gas between two explosive limits.
Motor Sprite could give rise to a VCE due to their vapour pressures -however, as the results will
indicate, the cloud flammable masses are quite small due to the high boiling point and low
vapour pressures. In addition, unless there is sufficient extent of confinement, it is unlikely to
result in any major explosion. Examples where flammable mixtures could be found are within
storage tanks and road tankers. Open-air explosions are unlikely. As a result damage would be
limited.
8.4 Consequence Modeling
Scenarios investigated In the Analysis In a consequence assessment dealing with refinery
process and storage facilities, which primarily handle hydrocarbons, the possible scenarios that
merit investigation are:
• Fires
� Flash Fires
� Pool Fires
� Jet Fires
2. Explosions
� Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosions (UVCE)
� Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosions (BLEVE)
• Flash Fire – A Flash Fire, in effect, is a sheet of flame that moves through a cloud of gaseous
or vaporised hydrocarbons, without any accompanying shock-wave. It rarely lasts for more
than a few seconds, and causes little damage to equipment and installations, but is fatal to
individuals in its path.
• Pool Fire – A Pool Fire is a fire on a stationary liquid surface, such as that of a pool of liquid
hydrocarbon. The nature of the flame depends upon the fuel burning, with more smoke being
generated by heavier hydrocarbons on fire. Its thermal radiation can affect all individuals and
facilities in its vicinity, but its intensity depends upon the volume available, and the duration
of the fire.
• Jet Fire – A Jet Fire occurs when a hydrocarbon release from a pressurised source is ignited
close to the source of the release. It is, for all practical purposes, a jet of flame that will last
as long as the supply of fuel lasts under pressure and whose radiation and effect zone, depend
as much upon the fuel as on the pressure at which it is released. In addition to damage
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 99
inflicted by thermal radiation, the flame can also cut through metal, if it were to impinge
upon the metallic surface, setting off a domino effect.
• Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosion – A UVCE is similar to a flash fire, except that in
addition to the flame front, a pressure front, generated by the fire, moves through the cloud,
at speeds of 100 m /s or greater.
• Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion – A BLEVE occurs when a liquefied, or
occasionally a liquid, hydrocarbon is contained in a vessel exposed to an external fire. The
fire weakens the shell of the vessel, while also causing the hydrocarbon to boil, thereby
pressurising the vessel. Once the vessel’s pressure exceeds the threshold limit of the metal,
the shell would fail spilling out the rest of the hydrocarbon, which would then undergo an
explosion or a fireball.
Metrological Data of Una city Himachal Predesh is also consider for consequence modeling,
Meteorological Data:
Maximum Temperature - 40° C
Minimum Temperature - 2° C
Maximum Rainfall - 4.8 mm in 24 hours &
Minimum 0.1 mm in 24 hours
Maximum Relative Humidity - 94%
Minimum Relative Humidity - 36%
Predominant wind Direction - From North-West and South-East
8.4.1 Damage Criteria
In consequence analysis, use is made of a number of calculation models to estimate the physical
effects of an accident (spill of hazardous material) and to predict the damage (lethality, injury,
material destruction) of the effects. The calculations can roughly be divided in three major
groups:
• Source strength parameters assessment
• Consequential effects determination
• Damage or damage distances calculation
8.4.2 Risk Analysis of Storage tank area
• In an analysis of this nature, the failure scenario is examined in detail All possible outcomes
of every failure identified are assessed, taking into account the size and nature of the failure,
the process parameters prevalent at the point of the release and the weather conditions.
• Normally, the factors analysed are dispersion distances (Lower Flammability Limit or LFL)
of the substance released, the probable radiation from any fire that results, and the possible
shock wave and domino effect upon equipments and structures that could arise from an
explosion, should one occur.
• 6A very important factor to be borne in mind is that volatile petroleum products such as MS
will form substantial amount of vapour if it is allowed to leak for considerable amount of
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 100
time, and the flammable material will spread further if the leak is allowed to spread beyond
dyke to a larger area.
• The vaporisation in the present case was higher as the MS pool resulting from loss of
containment was not confined to the dyke but spread over a much larger area of the
Terminal Plot through storm water drains. Further, high velocity vertical jet of MS
emanating from Hammer Blind could lead to enhanced MS carry over into rhe vapourized
mass through wind losses through entrainment.
• Explosion mechanism of inflammable vapours envisages the formation of an “Explosive
Mass” which is the quantity of vapour formed within “Lower Flammability Limit” (LFL)
and “Upper Flammability Limit” (UFL). The quantity of explosives mass determines the
effect of the explosion blast. The time required for forming the explosives mass will be
dependent on rate of vaporisation which, in turn will depend on “vapour Pressure of the
liquid which “vaporises” and the “liquid pool area” resulting from “loss of containment”
and also to an extent on “ nature of loss of containment (rate/velocity of release, direction
i.e. horizontal/vertical). Based upon these calculations, effect zones for each of the outcomes
are determined, to reveal what facilities or installations were likely to have been affected.
8.4.3 Consequential effects
• Dispersion of gaseous material in the atmosphere as a function of source strength, relative
density of the gas, weather conditions and topographical situation of the surrounding area
• Intensity of heat radiation [in kW/ m2] due to a fire, as a function of the distance to the
source.
• Energy of vapour cloud explosions [in N/m2], as a function of the distance to the distance of
the exploding cloud.
• Concentration of gaseous material in the atmosphere, due to the dispersion of evaporated
chemical. The latter can be either explosive or toxic.
It may be obvious, that the types of models that must be used in a specific risk study strongly
depend upon the type of material involved:
• Gas, vapour, liquid, solid
• Inflammable, explosive, toxic, toxic combustion products
• Stored at high/low temperatures or pressure
• Controlled outflow (pump capacity) or catastrophic failure
VCE Blast Pressure Calculation:
In the event that prevalent weather conditions and the turbulrnce of a cloud permit sufficient
sufficient mixing with air, an Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosion ( UCVE) can occur when the
cloud encounters a source of ignition. The flame front moves through the cloud fast enough to
compress the surrounding air into a shock wave and facilities within the overpressure distances
of the blast will be damaged. The Table 8.11 below indicates the effects of different levels of
overpressure:
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 101
Table 8.11 VCE Blast Pressure Calculation:
SN Blast Overpressure (psi) Damage level
1 5.0 Major Structural Damage; fatal to people indoor
2 3.0 Oil storage tank failure
3 2.5 Ear drum rupture
4 2.0 Repairable damage: light structure collapse
5 1.0 Window panes shatter: light injuries
8.4.4 Damage Criteria
The damage criteria give the relation between extent of the physical effects (exposure) and the
percentage of the people that will be killed or injured due to those effects. The knowledge about
these relations depends strongly on the nature of the exposure. For instance, much more is
known about the damage caused by heat radiation, than about the damage due to toxic exposure,
and for these toxic effects, the knowledge differs strongly between different materials. In
Consequence Analysis studies, in principle three types of exposure to hazardous effects are
distinguished in IOCL Una Greenfield Storage.
• Heat radiation, from a pool fire or flash fire.
• Explosion.
Heat Radiation: The consequences caused by exposure to heat radiation are a function of:
• The radiation energy onto the human body [kW/m2],
• The exposure duration [sec],
• The protection of the skin tissue (clothed or naked body)
The limits for 1% of the exposed people to be killed due to heat radiation and for second-degree
burns are given in the below.
The Consequence Analysis has been done for selected scenarios. In Consequence Analysis,
geographical location of the source of potential release plays an important role. A summary of
the results of the analysis are presented Table below:
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 102
Thermal Radiations from Pool Fire of HSD Threat Modeled indicate that within 17 m, 10 kW/m
2 potentially lethal may cause fatal
accidents. Sufficient inter storage distance allocated vide OISD- 244 for storage tank layout
design as shown in Figure 8.4.
Category Distance
(m)
Thermal
radiation, kW/m2
Severity
Red 17 10 potentially lethal
within 60 sec
Orange 24 5 2nd degree burns
within 60 sec
Yellow 37 2 pain within 60 sec
Figure 8.4: Thermal Radiations for Pool Fire of HSD
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 103
Thermal Radiations from Pool Fire of Motor Spirit is as shown in Figure 8.5.
Threat Modeled: Threat Zone:
Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire
Category Distance
(m)
Thermal
radiation, kW/m2
Severity
Red 14 10 potentially lethal
within 60 sec
Orange 19 5 2nd degree burns
within 60 sec
Yellow 28 2 pain within 60 sec
Figure 8.5: Thermal Radiations for Pool Fire of Motor Spirit
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 104
Thermal Radiations from Pool Fire of SKO and Ethanol is as shown in Figure 8.6.
Threat Modeled: Threat Zone:
Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire of SKO
Category Distance
(m)
Thermal
radiation, kW/m2
Severity
Red 22 10 potentially lethal
within 60 sec
Orange 28 5 2nd degree burns
within 60 sec
Yellow 40 2 pain within 60 sec
Threat Modeled: Threat Zone:
Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire of Ethanol
Category Distance
(m)
Thermal
radiation, kW/m2
Severity
Red 14 10 potentially lethal
within 60 sec
Orange 20 5 2nd degree burns
within 60 sec
Yellow 38 2 pain within 60 sec
Figure 8.6: Thermal Radiations for Pool Fire of SKO and Ethanol
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 105
Thermal Radiations from Pool Fire of Transmix is as shown in Figure 8.7.
Threat Modeled: Threat Zone:
Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire
Category Distance
(m)
Thermal
radiation, kW/m2
Severity
Red 7 10 potentially lethal
within 60 sec
Orange 14 5 2nd degree burns
within 60 sec
Yellow 18 2 pain within 60 sec
Figure 8.7: Thermal Radiations for Pool Fire of Transmix
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 106
8.5 Risk Mitigation
Accidental leakages and storage tank failures can be prevented undertaking following Protective
Measures:
The most common initiating events leading to an accident in a liquid hydrocarbon fuel storage
tank together with the preventive and protection measures to be taken have been listed.
The innovative part of the RA Report for Una Greenfield storage study is the presentation of the
check list aimed at helping both safety engineers and safety reviewers to easily identify the major
contributors to risk and detail the analysis in those aspects.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 107
• Institutions with underground storage tank system and/or piping must have automatic
gauging or continuous leak detection or must conduct annual precision leak detection tests.
All methods require recording of the results.
• Institutions with horizontal aboveground storage tank system without secondary containment
must visually inspect the exterior walls of the tanks once per month, perform inventory
reconciliation and annual leak detection tests. All methods require recording of the results.
• Institutions with vertical aboveground storage tank system without secondary containment
must initially inspect the walls and afterwards set up an ongoing leak detection or monitoring
program.
• Institutions with a storage tank system that has aboveground piping without secondary
containment must:
� Use continuous external aboveground pipe leak monitoring, or
� Have a corrosion analysis program
� Visually inspect the piping monthly, or
� Annually perform a piping precision leak detection test. Institutions with a storage tank
system that has a sump must: use continuous leak monitoring, or
� Visually inspect annually.
8.6 Conclusion & Recommendations for Risk Reduction
From the RA calculations following conclusion are expressed for Risk Reduction. The
administration block of IOCL Una, Greenfield Storages is relatively safe from damage, except in
the event of uncontrolled pool fires from leaking filled tankers and incoming manifold line
ruptures (liquid pool is unconfined and would develop to its full size). In addition, the area of
damage will be that where many are working (drivers, helpers, Officers, security staff, etc.)
meaning possibility of more fatalities. Training in fire fighting, escape, operation of emergency
switches etc. is vital. The Fire orders & Periodic Mock drills are the best ways of ensuring
emergency preparedness.
Only one access from Main Road in worst case of tanker fire could affect nearby parallel road by
dense smoke and hot gases the traffic is high during evacuation of Tanker from dispatch area and
is a cause of major concern. Tank fires could affect adjacent tanks. Heat radiation from the tank
fires is UNLIKELY to overheat the foam tanks. However, in case of a pool fire involving the
dyke, the foam tank could get overheated. Such situations demand simultaneous tank cooling in
adjacent tanks.
Ensure that combustible flammable material is not placed near the storage tanks and in the other
decanting and filling areas. These could include oil filled cloth, wooden supports, oil buckets etc.
These must be put away and the areas kept permanently clean and free from any combustibles.
Secondary probability would be greatly reduced as a result of these simple but effective
measures.
Pump loading line failures. Hose failures etc. again have possibility of causing major damage.
Great care is necessary, as the vicinity could have a lot of persons as possible victims.
Supervision by staff, hoses maintenance and following strict procedures is essential for
preventing escalation of such incidents of high frequency and low outcome. Emergency
procedures should be well rehearsed and state of readiness to be achieved.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 108
There are very few residential locations in the vicinity of IOCL Una Storage. In case of
accidental release of flammable or toxic vapours can result in severe consequences. Delayed
ignition of flammable vapors can result in blast overpressures covering large area of agriculture
One Nallah passing through the project site has been proposed to be diverted and provided with
slab for Truck Tanker movement area. During cloud burst & flood situation water may log at
entry point of Green field storage area which can be mitigated by providing Storm water
drainage line with sufficient dimension.
No Fire station for Fire Tender Provision is provided within Layout. It is recommended that as
Una city is about 5 km away from Storage area. It is recommended to have full fledged Fire
Station with Fire Tender 24x7. Alternative site access vied OISD 244 should be provided
directely from Main road till Dispatch area.
If Swan River is connected with Bhakra Nangal back water, effective communication system is
essential for early warning in case of any disaster.
Fire Audit and Safety audit to be conducted by Third party to identify non conformity.
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 109
CHAPTER 9. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
9.1 Consultants Engaged
This EIA report is prepared on behalf of the proponents, taking inputs from proponent’s office
staff, their R & D wing, Architects, Project Management Professionals etc. by Environmental
Consultants M/s. Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory, Thane.
M/s Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory:
Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory [Lab Gazetted by MoEF – Govt. of India]
not only give environmental solutions for sustainable development, but make sure that they are
economically feasible. With innovative ideas and impact mitigation measures offered, make
them distinguished in environmental consulting business. The completion of tasks in record time
is the key feature of Ultra-Tech. A team of more than hundred environmental brigadiers consists
of engineers, experts, ecologists, hydrologists, geologists, socio-economic experts, solid waste
and hazard waste experts apart from environmental media sampling and monitoring experts and
management experts , strive hard to serve the clients with up to mark and best services.
Ultra-Tech offers environmental consultancy services to assist its clients to obtain environmental
clearance for their large buildings, construction, CRZ, SEZ, high rise buildings, township
projects and industries covering sugar and distilleries from respective authorities.
Ultra-Tech also provide STP/ETP /WTP project consultancy on turn-key basis apart from
Operation and Maintenance of these projects on annual contract basis. Also, having MoEF
approved environmental laboratory, Ultra-Tech provide laboratory services for monitoring and
analysis of various environmental media like air, water, waste water, stack, noise and
meteorological data to its clients all over India and abroad.
The EIA team involved for the proposed EIA Report is as mentioned in Table 8.1.
Table 9.1: EIA Team
SN Name of the expert Area of functional Expert(NABET Accredited)
1 Mr. Santosh Gupta
Mr. Timir Shah
EIA Coordinator
Associate Team Member
2 Mr. Timir Shah Air Pollution
2 Mr. Timir Shah Water Pollution
3 Mr. Santosh Gupta Solid Hazardous Waste
5 Dr. T. K. Ghosh Ecology and Biodiversity
6 Dr. Kishore Wankhede Socio Economic
7 Mrs.Sampada Shidid Municipal Solid Waste
8 Mr.Ajay Patil Team Member
EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 110
Functional area experts and assistance to FAE involved in the EIA study for “M/s.Indian Oil
Corporation Ltd.” is as shown in Table 8.2:
Table 9.2: Functional Area Experts Involved in the EIA
S.N. NAME OF
SECTOR
NAME OF
PROJECT
NAME OF
CLIENT
FUNCTIONAL AREA EXPERTS
INVOLVED
FA NAME/S
1. Schedule 6 (b)
Category ‘B’
Isolated storage
& handling of
hazardous
chemicals
M/s.Indian
Oil
Corporation
Limited.
AP Mr. Timir Shah
WP
Mr. Timir Shah
Associate:
Mr.Ajay Patil
EB
Dr. T. K. Ghosh
Associate:
Ms.Bharti Khairnar
SE Dr. Kishore Wankhede
SHW
Mr. Santosh Gupta
Associate:
Mrs.DeepaTamhane – Karnik
LU
Mr.Yomesh Rao
Associate: Mr. Prasad
Khedkar
RH
Dr.Ravindra Kode
Associate:
Mr.Ajay Patil
9.2 Laboratory for Analysis
NAME OF LABORATORY SCOPE OF SERVICES ACCREDITATION
STATUS
ENVIRON TECH
LABORATORIES
Monitoring and Analysis of:
• Ambient Air Monitoring
• Stack Emission Monitoring
• Bore Water(Analysis)
• Domestic & Potable
Water(Analysis)
• Waste Water(Analysis)
Accreditated by NABL
Valid upto 23.04.2017
ANNEXURE -I
PLOT LAYOUT
ANNEXURE-II
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Salient Features of Una Marketing Terminal ................................................................... 1
1.2.1 Location .................................................................................................................... 1
1.2.2 Storage Tanks............................................................................................................ 1
1.2.3 Truck Loading Facility (TLF) Sheds ........................................................................ 2
1.2.4 Water Supply ............................................................................................................ 2
1.2.5 Product Pump House................................................................................................. 2
1.2.6 Fire Fighting Facilities .............................................................................................. 3
1.2.7 Dyke Wall Facility .................................................................................................... 4
1.2.8 Manpower Requirement............................................................................................ 4
CHAPTER 2: SELECTION OF SCENARIOS FOR EMERGENCY PLANNING .............. 5
2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Hazard Identification & Selection of Scenarios ............................................................... 6
2.3 Suggested Accident Scenarios for Emergency Planning ................................................. 6
2.4 Suggested Accident Scenarios for Emergency Planning ................................................. 7
2.5 Mock Drill Exercises ...................................................................................................... 10
CHAPTER 3: ORGANIZATION-DUTIES & RESPONSIBILITIES .................................. 11
3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Duties and Responsibilities for functionaries................................................................. 11
3.2.1 Crisis Coordinator (HO) ......................................................................................... 11
3.2.2 Crisis Coordinator (RO) .......................................................................................... 12
3.2.3 Chief Emergency Coordinator (CEC) ..................................................................... 12
3.2.4 Site Incident Controller ........................................................................................... 12
3.2.5 Fire and Safety Functionary .................................................................................... 13
3.2.6 Engineering Functionary (Maintenance) ................................................................ 13
3.2.7 Communication Functionary .................................................................................. 14
3.2.8 Medical Functionary ............................................................................................... 14
3.2.9 Transport Functionary ............................................................................................. 14
3.2.10 Security Functionary ............................................................................................... 14
3.2.11 Materials Functionary ............................................................................................. 15
3.2.12 Finance Functionary................................................................................................ 15
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP i
3.2.13 Welfare Functionary ............................................................................................... 15
3.2.14 Mainline Search Party Leader ................................................................................. 15
3.3 List of Names of Functionaries ...................................................................................... 16
3.3.1 Head Office/ Regional Office ................................................................................. 16
3.3.2 Contact Details of Una Terminal Officials ............................................................. 16
3.3.3 Quick Reaction Team ............................................................................................. 16
CHAPTER 4: EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES ................................................ 17
4.1 Background .................................................................................................................... 17
4.2 Initial Notification of Releases ....................................................................................... 18
4.3 Establishment and Staffing of Field Command Post ..................................................... 19
4.4 Formulation of Response Objectives and Strategy at the Incident Site ......................... 19
4.5 Ensuring Health and Safety at Incident Scenes .............................................................. 19
4.6 Evacuation Of Area ........................................................................................................ 20
4.7 Fire Response ................................................................................................................. 21
4.8 Health Care ..................................................................................................................... 21
4.9 Personal Protection ......................................................................................................... 21
4.10 Public Relations.............................................................................................................. 21
4.11 Spill Containment And Cleanup ................................................................................... 22
4.12 Documentation and Investigative Follow Up................................................................. 23
4.13 Training .......................................................................................................................... 24
Responsibility, Frequency and Procedure for Evaluation ......................................................... 24
CHAPTER 5: OFF-SITE EMERGENCY RESPONSE .......................................................... 25
5.1 Introduction and Definition of Off-Site Emergency ...................................................... 25
5.2 Legal Authority and Responsibility For Off-Site Emergency Response Legislation In India ...................................................................................................................................... 25
5.3 Off-Site Emergency Plan Objectives ............................................................................. 26
5.4 Important Government Agencies Involved In Off-Site Emergency Actions ................. 27
5.5 Responsibility of DEA ................................................................................................... 27
5.6 Responsibility of Crisis Group ....................................................................................... 27
5.7 List of Telephone Numbers of Outside Agencies around the Terminal ........................ 28
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP ii
LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1: Details of Proposed Storage Capacity ........................................................................... 1
Table 1-2: Schedule of Pumps ........................................................................................................ 2
Table 1-3: Details of Fire Tanks ..................................................................................................... 3
Table 1.4: Schedule of Fire Pumps ................................................................................................. 3
Table 1-5: Dyke Wall Details ......................................................................................................... 4
Table 3-1: List of Offices/Regional Offices ................................................................................. 16
Table 3-2: Contact Details of Una Terminal Officials .................................................................. 16
Table 5-1: Important Contacts ...................................................................................................... 28
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP iii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background Disaster Management Planning is an integral and essential part of loss prevention strategy. Although a great deal of efforts and money is spent to reduce the scale and probability of accidents, there always remains a finite but small possibility that disaster may occur. Effective action has been possible due to existence of pre-planned and practiced procedures for dealing with emergencies.
This disaster management plan sets out the procedures and measures to be taken into account in the event of loss of containment and consequence thereof in the Terminal of IOCL in Una (Himachal Pradesh).
1.2 Salient Features of Una Marketing Terminal 1.2.1 Location
The project site Una Terminal is well connected by rail and road, having latitude and longitude of 31°24'30.90"Nand 76°16'48.88"E E, respectively. The total land of Terminal is ~ 25 ha (61.6 Acres). The nearest Railway station is Una Station at a distance of 9.0 Km and nearest airport is Chandigarh Airport which is at a distance of approximately 135 Km from the project site.
1.2.2 Storage Tanks
Petroleum products like Motor Spirit (MS), Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO), High Speed Diesel (HSD), and Ethanol will be received, stored and dispatched from this installation. M/s IOCL will install 18 Nos. of tanks for the purpose. Details of product wise proposed tankage at Una Terminal are given in Table 1-1. Table 1-1: Details of Proposed Storage Capacity
SN Product Type of Tank
Proposed Tanks &
Capacities (m3)
Total Tankages (m3)
Dimater (m)
Height/Length (m)
Class of Products
1 Motor Spirit (Petrol)
IFRVT UG
3 x 8000 1 x 20
24,020 30 2.25
14 5.5
Class ‘A’
2 High Speed Diesel
CRVT UG
3 x 16000 2 x 20
48,040 40 2.25
14 5.5
Class ‘B’
3 Superior Kerosene Oil (Kerosene)
CRVT UG
2 x 6000 1 x 20
12,020 28 2.25
11 5.5
Class ‘B’
4 Ethanol IFRVT UG
3 x 600 1 x 20
1,820 12 2.25
8 5.5
Class ‘A’
5 Transmix IFRVT 1 x 600 1,200 12 8 Class
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 1
CRVT 1 x 600 12 8 ‘A’ Class
‘B’ 6 Slop CRVT 1 x 600 600
Total 87,700
The products like MS, SKO, HSD are proposed to receive through the cross country pipeline i.e. Panipat Ambala Jallandhar Pipeline (PAJPL) which is currently operational between Panipat & Jallandhar by taking a tap off point. It is proposed to provide a 10.75" dia branch pipeline of approx. 70 kms. long from Urapar RCP (chainage 118.216 kms. from Ambala.) to the proposed Una marketing terminal. Products will be primarily transported through tank trucks.
Note: In addition to these three product tanks, other allied facilities of the terminal would be developed as per OISD rules and regulation.
1.2.3 Truck Loading Facility (TLF) Sheds
There will be two (2) nos. of TLF sheds having eight (8) nos. each of Tank trucks loading bays respectively. The loading facilities will be bottom loading for MS and HSD whereas it will be both top & bottom loading for SKO.
1.2.4 Water Supply
Requirement for the Project will be 10 m3 for construction phase and 31 m3 for Operational phase from two (2) proposed bore wells.
1.2.5 Product Pump House
Proposed project will have 1 Pump House: 115 m X 10 m with new product pumps along with Pump House Manifold: 115 m X 35 m. The details of the proposed pumps are as shown in Table 1.2.
Table 1-2: Schedule of Pumps
Product Capacity Head MLC
No of Pumps Operation Standby
MS 360 m3/h 50 2 1 HSD 360 m3/h 50 4 1 SKO 360 m3/h 50 2 1 Ethanol 108 m3/h 60 2 1 MFA for MS 100 LpH 60 1 1 MFA for HSD 100 LpH 60 1 1 Blue Dye 0.10 m3/h 60 1 1
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 2
HSD, MS, SKO, Ethanol, Bio-Diesel own use HSD
72 m3/h 40 6 0
Borewell pump 100 m3/h 50 1 1 Sludge Pump for MS 72 m3/h 40 1 0 Sludge Pump for SKO 72 m3/h 40 1 0 Slop Oil Pump for HSD 72 m3/h 40 1 0 Mix Product 216 m3/h 50 1 1 Slope Oil 72 m3/h 40 1 0
1.2.6 Fire Fighting Facilities
Following Fire Fighting Facilities will be provided.
• Water Sprinkler system on proposed MS and HSD as per prevailing safety guidelines issued by OISD
• Foam fighting system on proposed Diesel (HSD) and Petrol (MS) tanks as per prevailing safety guidelines issued by OISD
• Provision of Fire hydrant piping network for the new product tank farms.
The Fire Water tanks have been provided as shown in Table 1-3 and Schedule of Fire Pumps have been provided in Table 1-4. Additionally, Fire Water Shed has been provided of 35x14m.
Table 1-3: Details of Fire Tanks
SN Product Type of Tank
Proposed Tanks and Capacities
Total Tankages m3
Dimater (m)
Height (m)
1 Fire Tank Water CRVT 3 x 4620 13,860 24 11
Table 1.4: Schedule of Fire Pumps
SN Description Capacity Head WC
Nos of Pumps Operating Standby
1 Jockey Pumps Electrical Driven 60 m3/hr 110 1 1
2 Main Pumps Diesel Engine Driven 616 m3/hr 105 3 2
• Water Sprinkler system on proposed MS & HSD as per prevailing safety guidelines issued by OISD
• Foam fighting system on proposed Diesel (HSD) and Petrol (MS) tanks as per prevailing safety guidelines issued by OISD
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 3
• Provision of Fire hydrant piping network for the new product tank farms. Fire water storage planned for 2 simultaneous contingencies with full coverage of fire hydrant facilities to the entire plan area & positioning of fire fighting equipments as per OISD standards & MB Lal recommendations. • Permanent fire water storage & fire hydrant system to cover the entire terminal operating
area shall be provided.
• The water storage & pumping facilities shall be designed to cater 2 simultaneous emergencies inside the terminal as mentioned below. Fire hydrant line network – 5000 m. Fire fighting equipments – as per OISD 117
1.2.7 Dyke Wall Facility
Dyke wall shall be provided surrounding the POL tanks (above ground type). The Capacity of each tank & Total maximum capacity is highlighted below in Table 1-5.
Table 1-5: Dyke Wall Details
Sr. No. Dyke Wall Containing Tanks (No.) Max. Capacity Tank m3
Overall Dimension
Dyke - I MS (3x8000) 15,986 m3 110 m x 110 m Dyke – II HSD (3x16000) 27,090 m3 130 m x 130 m Dyke – III SKO (2x6000) 7,259 m3 128 m x 49 m
Dyke - IV Ethanol Transmix (2x600) 1,920 m3 68 m x 22.5 m
46 m x 22.5m
In proposed POL Terminal, 18 (above Ground) tanks have been provided in four sets of dyke walls. Dyke wall surrounding the above ground product tanks can accommodate spilled oil which is more than the maximum capacity of the product tank in case of leakage. Dykes are provided with adequate wall heights and width as per OISD norms.
1.2.8 Manpower Requirement
Total Manpower Requirement of the project will be 130 (30 direct and 100 indirect to include contract labour and security personnel).
The layour plan of Una Marketing Terminal is attached as Annexure – I.
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 4
CHAPTER 2: SELECTION OF SCENARIOS FOR EMERGENCY PLANNING
2.1 Introduction
The primary step in any disaster management planning is identification and assessment of the principal hazards like for instance the hazards due to fire & explosion. It is the most important step without which the whole exercise of emergency planning turns out to be meaningless. Operation experience and criteria review will help in identifying the vulnerable points and possible hazards. These are then assessed applying the appropriate risk analysis methods. The entire Licenced Area of this Terminal may be considered as the area of Hazard. In line with Petrolum Rules and regulation, the hazard area may be classified as under:
(a) “0” AREA
Area where inflammable gases or vapours are expected to be continuously present.
(i) Inside of all tanks (b) “1” AREA
Area where inflammable gases or vapours are likely to be present under normal operation condition.
• Tank Lorry Filling Shed • Pump House/ Manifold • Class A Product U/G MS tank Area • Wagon Gantries • Roofs of Floating roof tanks
(c) “2” Area
Area where inflammable gases or vapours are likely to be present only under abnormal condition of failure or rupture of an equipment.
• TLF driveway/Yard • Drainage • Tank Farm
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2.2 Hazard Identification & Selection of Scenarios
The hazards from HSD, MS, SKO and Ethanol spill include: • Pool fire • Flash fire • Vapour cloud explosion The causes of the spillages can be divided into following categories: • Mechanical failure • Operational failure • Natural hazards • Third party activity
At the Terminal, failure of any of the equipment such as tanks, pumps, valves, flanges, filter etc. can result in loss of containment. The new terminal is divided into appropriate isolatable sections i.e. sections that can be promptly isolated from each other in case of emergency. The outcome cases considered for each release case are as follows: Immediate ignition resulting in pool fire Delayed ignition resulting in flash fire/ vapour cloud explosion The following damage criteria for 1% fatality distances have been used: Fires: heat radiation 12.7 kW/m2 during 20 sec Explosions: overpressure 0.1 bar
2.3 Suggested Accident Scenarios for Emergency Planning Based on the risk analysis study and discussion on basis for scenario selection for emergency planning, the accident scenarios of Una Terminal for planning response procedures and carrying out mock drill are suggested as follows.
For Terminal In most cases the spill will be contained within the boundary wall, therefore, for pool fire scenarios the consequences are not likely to go beyond the boundary limits.
A vapour cloud for HSD, MS, SKO and Ethanol spill can be formed except for unstable weather conditions such as typical day-time conditions.
Line rupture downstream of pump, release of Oil, formation of flammable vapour cloud and possibility of delayed ignition resulting in vapour cloud explosion/flash fire/pool fire For Line Tanks For Line tanks, the 1% fatality distance (12.7kW/m2) for clothed human body and exposure duration of 10 seconds extends. Calculations indicate that no possibilities of explosive mass from fixed pool area.
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 6
Electrical (major/minor) fire in substation/ office In case of fire in substation /office, shut down the main power line input source forward towards the Terminal. Use the Protective devices like ACB (air circuit breaker), VCB (vacuum circuit breaker).
2.4 Suggested Accident Scenarios for Emergency Planning Based on the risk analysis study and discussion on basis for scenario selection for emergency planning, the accident scenarios of Una Terminal for planning response procedures and carrying out mock drill are suggested as follows. For Terminal • In most cases the spill will be contained within the boundary wall, therefore, for pool fire
scenarios the consequences are not likely to go beyond the boundary limits. • A vapour cloud for HSD, MS, SKO and Ethanol spill can be formed except for unstable
weather conditions such as typical day-time conditions. • Line rupture downstream of pump, release of Oil, formation of flammable vapour cloud and
possibility of delayed ignition resulting in vapour cloud explosion/flash fire/pool fire.
For Line Tanks • For Line tanks, the 1% fatality distance (12.7kW/m2) for clothed human body and exposure
duration of 10 seconds extends. Calculations indicate that no possibilities of explosive mass from fixed pool area.
Electrical (major/minor) fire in substation/ office • In case of fire in substation /office, shut down the main power line input source forward
towards the Terminal. Use the Protective devices like ACB (air circuit breaker), VCB (vacuum circuit breaker) • Use the discharge proof wires in substation/ office. • Safety officer should act as liaison with the concerned electrical authorities. • Covers the hazards associated with electricity.
Fire in tank manifold of cone roof / floating roof tank • Stop the valve • Stop the pumping operation • Cool the manifold
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• Cover oil pool with foam • Shut down the power by cutting of power supply • Stop flow of oil through drains. • Use the fire extinguisher and water jet on manifold • Drain out the product from pipes otherwise temperature may cause burst of pipeline
Product spillage in dyke and as a result of pool fire • Wet down with water of structure close to fire • When spilled product run out from the tank in the dyke area, check the flow not to exceed
from the dyke are, or direct it to the points where it will not endanger structures and the surrounding properties
• Remove the persons working in this area or near to it • Discharge the fire extinguisher and DCP for preventing fire from spreading • Use the water jet for blanketing the area under fire • Discharge the tank product under from other tank
Pipeline/ Flange rapture and heavy leakage • Use the fire extinguisher to prevent the spreading of fire • Stop pumping operation • Cover oil pool with foam • Stop flow of oil through drains • Cover with sands the pipe line exposed to fire. • Drain out the product • Build the earth dyke around the pool to prevent spreading the burning oil, and direct the
spilled product to the points where it will not endanger structures and the surrounding properties
Leakage /Fire in pump house • Switch off the pump house • Drain out the product from pipe line; otherwise it may cause the burst of pipeline. • Report combating team, or emergency response team in charge. WIC-GREEN HELMET. • Cool the area near to the pump house • Use the foam and water to blanketing the area, and preventing the fire occurrence • Dig pits to collect oil • Action to repair/ replace
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 8
Heavy leakage/ Fire on TLF bays • Close valves at TLF manifolds, remove hoses, stop loading and unloading operation • Inform the emergency response team- no panic should be prevailed in Terminal • Attack fire immediately with DCP to stop spreading • Remove all TTs immediately from bays point • Whenever TT is under the fire, which cannot shut off, remove the truck to isolate location
and cover with foam
Heavy leakage / fire during tank wagon unloading • Raise the alarm • Stop all loading and unloading operation. Stop hoses, close all valves promptly. • Discharge the DCP and use sand to extinguish the fire • Immediately close the master valve, fill pipe and dome covers of the TW (if possible) and of
the entire tank wagons immediately. • Inform the railways to send locos for isolation of the school tank wagons. • Cool the TW by using water jet to prevent it bursting due to fire. • Cover the oil spilled from TW by foam to prevent it from fire.
Bomb Threat
Function of various authorities in case of bomb threat.
(A) IOCL Authorities • The person noticing an undefined/ unfamiliar object something like bomb should bring it
notice of the available IOCL officials. • The officer should observe the same from a distance and raise alarm to declare emergency in
the terminal. • The officer should cordon off the area and no body should be authorised to go near the
object. • Inform to police and bomb disposal unit. If necessary inform to medical officer, fire brigade,
railways authorities and District collector.
(B) Police Authority • Cordon off the area. • Collect intelligence & surveillance through local contacts. • Assist search team in searching the area and later on help of explosive experts. The response procedures have been detailed in Chapter 4 for various planning topic. These response procedures should be reviewed for the scenarios selected for planning. Mock Drills should be conducted regularly, and based on the results of mock drills the response procedures should be updated and/or other accident scenarios included for planning.
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 9
2.5 Mock Drill Exercises Exercises or Drills have two basic functions, namely training and testing. While exercises do provide an effective means of training in response procedures, their primary purpose is to test the adequacy of the emergency management system and to ensure that all response elements are fully capable of managing an emergency situation.
Because drills and exercises simulate actual emergency situations, they are the best means of accomplishing the following goals and objectives:
• To reveal weaknesses in the plans and procedures before emergencies occur. • To identify deficiencies in resources (both in manpower and equipment). • To improve the level of co-ordination among various response personnel, departments and
agencies. • To clarify each individual’s role and areas of responsibility.
The four types of drills and exercises to test the adequacy of the plan are: (1) orientation exercises, (2) tabletop exercises, (3) functional drills, and (4) full-scale exercises. Each of these should be designed to evaluate individuals’ responses to various degrees of simulated emergency conditions in order to test the adequacy of procedures.
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 10
CHAPTER 3: ORGANIZATION-DUTIES & RESPONSIBILITIES
3.1 Introduction In case of an emergency at Una Terminal, the On-site Emergency Plan of the Terminal will come into action. Effective emergency plan requires that, in the event of an accident, nominated functionaries be given specific responsibilities, often separate from their day-to-day activities. The emergency organization follows the usual pattern of the hierarchy. The senior-most functionary available during an emergency at the Terminal takes charge as Chief Emergency Coordinator (CEC) and will locate himself at the designated Primary Command Post. The senior most functionaries for each emergency service will act as coordinator and shall report at the Primary Command Post unless otherwise instructed by the Chief Coordinator. The senior most person (operations) in the shift is designated as the Site Incident Controller (SIC). The SIC takes charge of the incident site and takes the overall command. He is supported by other Key persons representing various emergency services. Key persons are personnel available at the site on round the clock basis. It is to be appreciated that the Key Persons remain the front line fighters. The role of various coordinators is to assess the situation from time to time, take appropriate decisions in consultation with the CEC and to provide timely resources to the Key Persons to fight the emergency. Emergency planning also requires coordination with Head Office, Regional Office and other Terminal. The main functionary at head office has been designated as Crisis Coordinator (HO).The main functionary at Regional office has been designated as Crisis Coordinator (RO). Duties and responsibilities of various emergency functionaries have been described in following sub sections. The organizational aspects, duties and responsibilities of various civic authorities for an Off-site emergency response have been given in Chapter 5. In sub section 3.3 below, names of the designated coordinators for each Terminal and head office/ regional office have been listed.
3.2 Duties and Responsibilities for functionaries
The duties and responsibilities of the functionaries are given below: 3.2.1 Crisis Coordinator (HO)
• To establish emergency control center at Head Office. • To supply manpower from Head office as required by CEC. • To arrange mobilization of material and equipment from other units and outside agencies as
required by CEC. • To contact crisis cell of the ministry and inform about the incident, magnitude of disaster,
combating operations and number of casualties if any. • To approve release of information to press, TV and Government agencies.
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 11
3.2.2 Crisis Coordinator (RO)
• To establish emergency control center at Regional Office. • To supply manpower from Regional office as required by CEC. • To coordinate with other stations and outside agencies, to arrange mobilization of material
and equipment as required by CEC.
3.2.3 Chief Emergency Coordinator (CEC)
• He will report at the command post and will assume overall responsibility of the works and its personnel. His duties are:
• To assess the magnitude of the situation and decide whether a major emergency exists or is likely to develop, requiring external assistance. To inform District Emergency Authority (DEA). (i.e. District Collector) in case on-site emergency escalates into off-site emergency.
• To exercise direct operational control over areas in the Terminal other than those affected. • To assess the magnitude of the situation and decide if personnel need to be evacuated to
identify safe places. • To continuously review in consultation with the other coordinators. • To liaise with senior officials of Police, Fire Brigade, and Factories Inspectorate and pass on
information on possible effects to the surrounding areas outside the factory premises. • To liaise with various coordinators to ensure casualties are receiving adequate attention and
traffic movement within the Terminal is well regulated. • To arrange for a log of the emergency to be maintained in control room. • To release authorized information to press through the media officer designated. • To control rehabilitation of the affected persons and the affected areas after the emergency. • To obtain assistance from Mutual Aid partners.
3.2.4 Site Incident Controller
He will take overall control of handling the emergency at site. His first task will be the isolation of the source of containment loss to the extent feasible. Simultaneously, in case of fire, he will organize appropriate fire response to get the situation under control and to prevent escalation.
On arrival at the site he will assess the scale of emergency and judge if a major emergency exists or is likely to develop and will inform the control room accordingly asking for assistance and indicating the kind of support needed. His duties and responsibilities include: • To coordinate the activities of other key persons reporting at the incident site, under his
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 12
overall command. • To direct all operations within the affected areas giving due priorities for safety of personnel
and to minimize damage to environment, plant and property. • To provide advice and information to Fire & Safety personnel and other fire services as and
when they arrive. • To ensure that all non-essential workers and staff within the affected area are evacuated to
appropriate assembly points and those areas are searched for casualties. • To organize rescue teams for any casualties and to send them to safe areas/medical centre for
first aid and medical relief. • To setup communication points and establish contact with control room. • To seek additional support and resources as may be needed through the control room. • To seek decision support from the control room for decisions such as activation of mutual aid
plan etc. • To preserve all evidence so as to facilitate any inquiry into the cause and circumstance,
which caused or escalated the emergency. (to arrange photographs, video etc.) • To arrange for a head count after the emergency is over with respect to the personnel on duty
in the affected areas.
3.2.5 Fire and Safety Functionary
The main responsibilities of fire and safety functionary are:
• To immediately take charge of all fire fighting operations upon sounding of the alarm. • To instruct the telephone operator to immediately inform all essential personnel not residing
within the audible range of the emergency siren. • To guide the fire fighting crew and provide logistics support for effectively combating the
fire. • To barricade the area at appropriate locations in order to prevent the movement of vehicular
traffic. • To assist in rescue and first aid operations. • To operate the Mutual Aid Scheme and call for additional external help in fire fighting via
the control room. • To organize relieving groups for fire fighting. • To inform the CEC and give "All Clear" signal when the fire emergency is over.
3.2.6 Engineering Functionary (Maintenance)
The engineering functionary will perform the following duties:
• To report at the control room. • To mobilize the team from Maintenance Department to assist the Site Incident Controller.
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 13
• To arrange isolation of electric lines from distribution points/substations as required by the Site Incident Controller by calling the electrical engineers/ electricians.
• To provide all other engineering support as may be required.
3.2.7 Communication Functionary
Communication functionary should perform the following duties:
• To ensure all available communication links remain functional. • To quickly establish communication links between incident site and the control room • To ensure that previously agreed inventory of various types of communication equipment is
maintained in working condition and frequent checks carried out and records maintained. • To maintain voice record of significant communications with timings received/passed from
the primary control room. 3.2.8 Medical Functionary
The medical functionary will perform the following:
• To arrange for the First Aid team to treat the affected personnel. • To arrange for treatment in the hospital. • To liaise with the local medical authorities and hospitals, if the casualties are more and the
situation demands treatment at more/other medical centers. • To liaise with the Transport coordinator for transporting the victims to various hospitals. To
arrange for ambulances. • The Medical Coordinator should ensure the upkeep of agreed medical supplies, antidotes and
equipment that should always be kept in stock for treating victims of burns. • To liaise with the Media coordinator for release of news to the press.
3.2.9 Transport Functionary
The Transport functionary shall perform the following duties
• Arrange for Transport of victims to Hospital/Dispensaries • Mobilize all available vehicles available at the Terminal for emergency use, along-with the
drivers. • Arrange for the duty rotation of the drivers to meet with the emergency situation. • To direct refuelling of vehicles, if not topped up. • To arrange for vehicles from Other Sources. • To liaise with the CEC for evacuation of personnel and transportation of victims. 3.2.10 Security Functionary
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 14
The Security functionary shall perform the following duties:
• To control traffic movement in/out of the Terminal. To instruct plant security personnel to maintain law and order and prevent unnecessary gathering of personnel not required to be present at the scene of emergency.
• To instruct security personnel, who could be spared, to assist Fire & Safety Coordinator in fire fighting or evacuation of personnel.
• To request for external help/local authorities, if needed, through control room. 3.2.11 Materials Functionary
The Materials functionary will ensure:
• Availability of materials required by the Site Incident Controller. • Issue of materials from warehouse round-the-clock during the emergency period. • Emergency procurements from local dealers or from neighbouring industries. • Transportation of Materials from warehouse to the incident site in Co-ordination with
Transport Coordinator. 3.2.12 Finance Functionary
The Finance functionary shall arrange for:
• Release of finance as directed by the CEC. • Assist Material Coordinator for emergency procurement. • Liaise with Insurance Company personnel. 3.2.13 Welfare Functionary
• Ensure that Casualties receive adequate attention and to arrange additional help (compensation, etc.) if required and inform the relatives.
3.2.14 Mainline Search Party Leader
The mainline search party leader shall perform the following functions: • Lead the search of the location of leak • Assess the magnitude of the leak and give feed back to CEC for further assistance /
mobilization. • Act as Site Incident Controller (until the SIC designated by CEC reaches the incident site). • Arrange to isolate the section of the mainline where leak is detected.
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 15
3.3 List of Names of Functionaries List of name of various functionaries with designation and telephone numbers are given below for head office, regional office and Terminals. 3.3.1 Head Office/ Regional Office
Table 3-1: List of Offices/Regional Offices
Sr. No. Designation Office No.
1
2 3 4
3.3.2 Contact Details of Una Terminal Officials
Table 3-2: Contact Details of Una Terminal Officials
Sr. No.
Designation Telephone Nos.
1. 2. 3. 4.
3.3.3 Quick Reaction Team
CHIEF CO-ORDINATOR
ASSISTANCE
FIRE & SAFETY
RESCUE TEAM
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CHAPTER 4: EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES
4.1 Background The Terminal is storing and distributing HSD, MS, SKO and Ethanol which are all inflammable in nature, due care will be taken in its operation to avoid any mishap which may result in loss of material or loss of life. As such, emergency situation related to pumping operation or storing is a remote possibility.
The main emergencies associated with the storage of HSD, MS, SKO, and Ethanol in tanks are as follows:
• Leakage of tanks due to steam or circumferential weld failure or attempted sabotage.
• Rupture/burst of tanks
• Leakage from valves
The above situations need immediate attention to avoid the following unwanted situations:
• Leakage of HSD, MS, SKO, and Ethanol resulting in huge losses from tanks
• Spreading of the inflammable petroleum products in the vicinity
• Induction of fire hazards in the vicinity
• Pollution of river/canal water, cultivated fields and habitats
• Prolonged disruption in pumping operation.
The designated Primary Command Post where the Chief Coordinator assisted by other designated co-coordinators shall assemble on notification of emergency are as follows: Terminal * Una Marketing Terminal (Himachal Pradesh) Head Office * Mumbai +91-22-26447582/26447886/26447886 Regional Office * Una--080-27970444 The Field Command Post is to be promptly established near the scene of accident. It shall be the nearest office/place having communication facilities to be manned continuously.
The response planning topics covered in this chapter are as follows:
• Initial Notification of Release • Establishment and Staffing of Command Post • Formulation of Response Objectives and Strategy at the incident site
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 17
• Ensuring Health and Safety at Incident Scenes • Evacuation • Fire Response • Health Care • Personal Protection • Public Relations • Spill Containment and Clean-up • Documentation and Investigative Follow-up • Training In Chapter 2, the accident scenarios for planning response procedures and carrying out mock drill are suggested based on the risk analysis study.
However, it has to be appreciated that no two emergency scenarios are going to be alike since the escalation process depends upon a large number of variables including the response actions. It is therefore, not only impossible but also dangerous to lay down clear-cut responses applicable to all situations. For each emergency situation spot decisions will need to be taken often under high stress conditions.
4.2 Initial Notification of Releases In case of emergency in Terminal Any person noticing a fire, explosion or the release of hazardous materials should shout “LEAK” or "FIRE” and will break the glass of the nearest fire point. He will also inform the control room on the nearest telephone and the panel officer will inform SIC. Action by Individual Employee at the time of emergency
When you notice FIRE
or LEAKAGE
Please DO (√)
• Break the nearest fire alarm point glass. • Immediately inform the control room. • Act to control the incident as per the instructions. • Reach the assembly point.
Please DO NOT (x)
• Get panicky or spread rumors. • Approach control room without work.
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 18
• Engage telephone or loud phone continuously.
4.3 Establishment and Staffing of Field Command Post • Quickly establish a field command post near the scene of incident. The minimum that is
necessary is a continuously manned communication system close to the incident site.
• It is the responsibility of the response personnel at the Field Command Post to restrict the entry or movement of people into the Hazard zone. The first step of a response action must be restriction of access to the spill site and other hazardous areas.
• Security and access control at Field Command Post and Primary Command Post need to be provided
4.4 Formulation of Response Objectives and Strategy at the Incident Site • It is the responsibility of the CEC to decide on the appropriate response strategy specific to
the situation prevailing. It is important to assess each particular incident before taking action. • CEC in consultation with the Site Incident Controller will formulate realistic response
objectives. The assessment should be based on resource requirement i.e., trained personnel and protective gear.
General Upon completion of the incident assessment, command personnel will be in a better position to determine whether their response strategy should be defensive or offensive in nature. A defensive posture is best taken when intervention may not favorably affect the outcome of the incident, or is likely to place emergency response personnel in significant danger, and/or may possibly cause more harm than good. An offensive posture (i.e., one requiring response personnel to work well within the boundaries of hazard zones) is best taken when intervention is likely to result in a favorable outcome without exposing personnel to undue danger and without causing new and potentially more severe problems. In all cases, of course, actions to protect the public and environment outside the immediate spill or discharge area and/or to contain the hazard from a safe distance can be initiated regardless of whether a defensive or offensive response strategy is chosen at the actual incident site
4.5 Ensuring Health and Safety at Incident Scenes The results of hazard analysis will be used to identify the vulnerable zone. Based on incident-specific factors, the exact size and configuration of hazard control zones will be determined. The Hazard Control Zones have been defined below.
The CEC will formulate safe operating procedures for a site safety and health program that addresses the following.
• The use of appropriate protective gear and equipment • Limiting the number of personnel in the “Hot” and “Warm” hazard control zones.
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 19
• Utilizing the most experienced personnel for the most hazardous tasks. • Positioning a backup team in the “Warm Zone” in case it is needed to assist or rescue
personnel in the “Hot Zone”. • Providing medical surveillance for personnel before and after “Hot” and “Warm” Zone
operations. • Monitoring (visually and through communications contact) the welfare of personnel
operating within the “Hot” and “Warm’ Zones. • Ensuring that all personnel understand their assignments. • Ensuring that responders do not ingest contaminants through eating, drinking, or inhaling. • Replacing fatigued personnel with “fresh” personnel. • Adjusting hazard control zones to reflect changing conditions.
Hazard Control Zones
• “Hot Zone” - Area of maximum hazard surrounding the damaged container(s) or fire area, which may only be, entered by specially equipped and trained response personnel.
• “Warm Zone” - Area of moderate hazard outside the Hot Zone in which properly equipped and trained backup crews’ standby and decontamination takes place.
• “Cold Zone” - Area outside the Warm Zone that poses minimal or negligible hazards to emergency personnel. The primary Command post, most of the deployed apparatus, and the resource staging area should be located in the Cold Zone.
4.6 Evacuation Of Area • In case of an On-site emergency, the order to evacuate to a safe place will be given by the
Chief Coordinator in consultation with other coordinators.
• In case of an Off-site emergency, the order to evacuate to a safe place will be given by the District Emergency Authority in consultation with Chief Coordinator in consultation with other coordinators.
• Accident scenarios covered in ‘Risk Assessment study’ can be a key source of information for evacuation planning where specific facilities are known to pose a threat. The size and shape of the vulnerable zone for selected scenarios are presented in Risk Assessment Report and have been summarized in Risk Assessment summary, Appendix B of this document.
Evacuation and shelter-in-place decisions are incident specific and must
• Be made at the time of an actual release. Guidance obtained from consequence analysis may be considered a starting point for the decision process.
Some general guidelines in case of fire are:
Only Personnel in close vicinity and affected by heat radiation need be evacuated to safe distances. Non-essential personnel will usually be evacuated from the incident area and also from
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 20
adjacent areas. Evacuation should be to a predetermined assembly point in a safe part of the complex. Assembly points marked on the plot plan should be appropriately displayed.
• For serious injury cases, evacuation to hospital will be carried out by the response personnel. • Chief Coordinator should designate one individual to record all personnel arriving at the
assembly point so that the information can be passed to the Primary Command Post. • At the Primary Command Post, a nominated person should collect the lists of personnel
arriving at the assembly points with those involved in the incident. These should then be checked against the roll of those believed to be on-site, updated with known changes for that day. Where it is possible that missing people might have been in the area of emergency, the site incident controller should be informed and arrangements made to organize a further search.
4.7 Fire Response • All available fire fighting resources will be mobilized in minimum time by head of fire
fighting services at the time of emergency. The fire fighting arrangements including manpower and resources have been organized to deal with worst scenarios like the largest tank in Terminal on fire.
• Fire department need to be well prepared and experienced in rescuing people from fire and explosion situations.
General Water is not suitable for extinguishing petroleum fires, though it may be used to keep surroundings cool and prevent the spread of fire to them. Adequate number of portable dry chemical or carbon dioxide extinguishers and foam concentrate need to be stocked. The quantity of foam requirement should be such as per OISD(117/118) guidelines.
4.8 Health Care • Requisite medical resources will be mobilized under the overall charge of the Health and
Medical functionary.
• The operational response will be coordinated from the control room.
4.9 Personal Protection • Specific skills need to be developed for the safe use of protective clothing through training
and experience. • The CEC will arrange for rapid availability of appropriate protective clothing in the event of
an emergency.
4.10 Public Relations • CEC will designate one specific individual as the Media Officer. • The designated Media Officer only will speak to media personnel. The Media officer should
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 21
ensure orderly and accurate dissemination of information. The “do’s” and “don’ts” on how to deal with the media are discussed below.
• The CEC should understand the need to relay up-to-date “status reports” to the Media Officer on a regular basis.
THINGS TO DO:
• Accommodate the media as much as possible; make the news available to them. • Schedule news conferences and preferably avoid written releases. • Be direct and specific. • Have news conferences immediately after any meeting from which the media or public have
been barred. • Send a press representative to the Primary control room. • If safety permits, allow the media to take pictures of the accident site.
THINGS NOT TO DO
• Do not permit arguments among public officials or press officials from different organizations in front of the press. Do, however, permit statements of dissenting opinions.
• Avoid giving gut opinions or conjecturing. • Do not be evasive. If the answer to a question is not known, refer the question to someone
who has the appropriate answer. • Do not be critical in a personal manner; i.e., avoid personal remarks about other people at the
accident scene. • Do not be philosophical. These kinds of discussions are extremely susceptible to being
quoted out of context. • Do not make off-the-record comments. They may end up in print with later retractions
buried in the back pages. • Avoid friendly chats with media people. Casual comments may appear in print. • Avoid bad or foul language. • Do not hide from the media. They can sense this and form an unfavorable opinion of the
Media Officer as a credible source of news. • Do not answer questions beyond personal knowledge or expertise. • Do not permit media persons to attend emergency response team meetings.
4.11 Spill Containment And Cleanup • Trained personnel who are at ease in handling flammable liquids need to be mobilized.
Plugging and stopping of leakage and containment of the spill should be attended to with great speed while taking all measures to prevent ignition.
• CEC will assign responsibility to one or more individuals for identifying methods of plugging or stopping leaks, assembling the materials and supplies necessary for this task and training for their use under emergency conditions. A minimum inventory of these items should be maintained at the Terminal.
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 22
• Upon detection of hydrocarbon leakage/fire, the immediate actions to take are: • Isolate the system • Depressurize all affected equipments • It is the responsibility of the CEC to identify the rapid availability of bulldozers or the
earthmoving equipment capable of building dikes or digging trenches, properly equipped work crews with shovels or other equipment to build dikes or dig trenches, plastic sheeting or other compatible materials that can be used to line dikes, basins, or trenches used to collect liquids.
• Plan for rapid sealing of drains and sewer openings to prevent entry of oil. • Where necessary, plan for the rapid plugging of sections of storm drains to limit the
spreading of Oil that have entered a drainage system. • Where necessary, arrange for rapid availability of waterborne spill containment equipment
and supplies such as spill containment booms, sorbent material, sand bags and other potentially necessary items.
• It is the responsibility of the CEC to identify the rapid availability of pumps, hoses, gulley suckers, temporary storage containers (or alternatively, vacuum trucks) to recover pools or other accumulations of hazardous liquids, properly equipped work crews with appropriate equipment, drums or other containers to hold contaminated solids, soil, or leaking packages, absorbent materials, sorbents, sand bags, earthmoving equipment, including dump trucks.
• As and if necessary, arrange for rapid availability of spill treatment and cleanup services.
4.12 Documentation and Investigative Follow Up • CEC will assign responsibility to a functionary for real-time and post-incident documentation
of the accident and resulting response actions.
• The responsible person will adopt appropriate reporting forms and procedures giving detailed records of what happened and what actions were taken in response.
General:
Detailed records of what happened and what actions were taken in response can help in: • Attempting to recover response costs and damages from the party responsible for the
incident. • Setting the record straight where there are charges of negligence or mismanagement resulting
from the incident. • Reviewing the efficiency and effectiveness of response actions. • Preparing for future incident responses. • Verifying facts, actions, injuries, equipment used, etc. for the purpose of legal proceedings,
insurance claims, budget requests, and public inquiries.
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 23
4.13 Training • Training sessions need to be provided in which personnel are briefed on their specific duties
in an emergency. • To provide training to all emergency responders. The concerned personnel are shown how to
wear and properly use personal protective clothing and devices. • Periodic drills to be conducted to test the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the
emergency response plan and emergency response capabilities. General:
The types of training required for emergency response personnel with responsibilities in any or all phases of the response is based upon the types of incidents most likely to occur and the related response and planning activities. The selection of accident scenarios for emergency planning has been discussed in Appendix B.
Responsibility, Frequency and Procedure for Evaluation
The CEC is responsible for evaluating the effectiveness of the on-site emergency plan. Emergency mock drill should be conducted at an interval of six months. Experts should be invited to observe the mock drill in order to know their response and opinion. The recommendations following the discussions will help to identify the loopholes in the plan and response capability of the organization. Such periodic recommendations of the mock drill should be kept in order to update the plan.
The CEC should be responsible to update their on-site emergency plan regularly. A regular review of the plan at least once in a year should be carried out to replace outdated information or to incorporate the results of mock drill.
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 24
CHAPTER 5: OFF-SITE EMERGENCY RESPONSE
5.1 Introduction and Definition of Off-Site Emergency
An emergency, which is likely to develop or has developed such as to pose a threat to members of the public outside the facility boundary, is termed as an Off-site emergency. This distinction needs to be clearly appreciated. Whereas the responsibility for handling an On-site emergency is clearly that of the operating company, the responsibility for an Off-site emergency response lies with the civic authorities. Off-site emergency response needs actions by various Government agencies over which the operating company has no control. This Chapter briefly describes the organizational aspects, duties and responsibilities of various civic authorities for an Off-site emergency response. The objective is to familiarize personnel with off-site emergency organization, and their legal responsibility to enable IOCL personnel to dovetail their efforts in an effective and orderly fashion while assisting the civic authorities.
5.2 Legal Authority and Responsibility For Off-Site Emergency Response Legislation In India
Under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 the ‘Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules‘were promulgated in November, 1989 and ‘Rules on Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response for Chemical Accidents’ in 1996. Under the ‘Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules‘ preparation of ‘Off-site Emergency Plan’ is covered in Rule No.14. The duty of preparing and keeping up to date the ‘Off-site Emergency Plan’ as per this rule is placed on the District Emergency Authority (DEA). Also, occupiers are charged with the responsibility of providing the above authority with such information, relating to the industrial activity under their control, as they may require for preparing the off-site emergency plan. Under the ‘Rules on Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response for Chemical Accidents’ as gazetted in notification dated 1st August 1996 Central Crisis Group (CCG), State Crisis Group (SCG), District Crisis Group (DCG) and Local Crisis Group (LCG) need to be constituted for management of chemical accidents. The Ministry of Environment and Forests is the nodal Ministry for management of chemical disasters in the country. In order to respond adequately during a major chemical emergency, a coordinated effort at local, District, State and Central levels is needed and all available resources need be mobilized to deal with the crisis in the shortest possible time with least adverse effects. The Joint Secretary in the MoEF responsible for Hazardous Substance Management is the Member Secretary of the CCG. The Group functions under the chairmanship of Union Secretary (Environment & Forests). Similarly, a SCG and the DCG has to be constituted in every Stateand at district levels. The LCG will be the body in the
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 25
industrial pocket to deal with chemical accidents and co-ordinate efforts in planning, preparedness and mitigation of a chemical accident. The Major Accident Hazard (MAH) installations in the industrial pockets will aid, assist and facilitate functioning of the LCG. As per the rules, the functions of the LCG are detailed below:
• Prepare local emergency plan for the industrial pocket. • Ensure dovetailing of the local emergency plan with the district off-site emergency plan. • Train personnel involved, in chemical accident management. • Educate the population, likely to be affected in a chemical accident, about the remedies and
existing preparedness in the area. • Conduct at least one full-scale mock drill every six months and forward a report to the DCG. • Respond to all public inquiries on the subject.
Similarly, the DCG, SCG and the CCG will provide expert guidance for handling major chemical accidents. The DCG and the SCG will assist the district administration and the State Government administration in the management of chemical accidents. The CCG, the apex body in the Centre will render all financial and infrastructure help as may be necessary in a state in case of an accident.
5.3 Off-Site Emergency Plan Objectives The overall goal is to prevent loss of life or damage to health, promote social well being, avoid property damage, and ensure environmental safety around MAH units in the Industrial area during emergency. Its specific objectives are:
• To establish emergency response plan in the local area • To provide information to the concerned members of the local area e.g. LCG members on the
hazards involved in industrial operations in its neighbourhood and the measures taken to reduce these risks.
• Increase industry involvement in emergency response planning. • Involve LCG members in the development, testing and implementation of the overall
emergency response plan.
Emergencies could arise due to different types of chemical accidents and it is not practicable to develop complete detailed response procedures for every conceivable type of emergency situation. However, advance planning can create a high order of preparedness to limit and minimize the adverse effects of an emergency caused by a chemical accident. Emergency plans are not static documents and need to be updated from lessons learnt during drills, experiences and other sources. A good communication system, training and understanding of emergency procedures, regular interaction between Government agencies and industries, education of the
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 26
public and high degree of availability of emergency equipment are the key areas for effective off-site emergency preparedness.
5.4 Important Government Agencies Involved In Off-Site Emergency Actions In the implementation of the Off-site Emergency Plan, the district collector is designated as the DEA. The following members of the crisis group will also invariably assist DEA: • Police Warning and Advice to the Public-Security measures;
Rescue & Evacuation • Head of Fire Services Help the industry concerned in fire fighting operations
and rescue • Medical Officer Treatment of affected persons • Head of Civil Defense Rescue and Evacuation operations • Head of Electricity Board Ensuring uninterrupted power supply or de-energize
power supply as required
5.5 Responsibility of DEA In case of an offsite emergency, the On-Site Chief Emergency Coordinator located at respective pump station will report the matter to the DEA or as specified in the Off-site emergency plan. The DEA will initiate the action plan to combat the emergency. The various responsibilities are: • Take overall responsibility for combating the offsite emergency. • Direct the police and fire personnel to combat the emergency. • Arrange, if necessary, for warning and evacuating of the public, by the Department of Police. • Direct the team of Doctors headed by the Medical Officer • Direct the Chief of Transport Corporation to arrange for transportation of victims and
evacuation of people trapped within the hazard zone. • Direct the Electricity Board official to give uninterrupted power supply. • Direct the official in-charge to provide uninterrupted water supply as required. • Direct the Revenue Officer and the Supply officer to provide safe shelters, food and other life
sustaining requirements for the evacuees if required. • Nominate a press office
5.6 Responsibility of Crisis Group The responsibilities of the members of the crisis group are:
• To develop an integrated response strategy based on the available information. • To plan deployment of field units to ensure the availability of appropriate force to deal with
the situation. • To co-ordinate the functioning of the various agencies. • To deal with crisis. • To monitor the progress till the crisis ends.
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 27
5.7 List of Telephone Numbers of Outside Agencies around the Terminal Table 5-1: Important Contacts
Sr. No. Department Contact Numbers 1 Head Office/ Regional Office 2 District Collector 01975-225800 3 Police Station 9418119459 4 Fire Station 01975-228101 5 Hospitals (Government Primary Health Centre) 9418457290 6 Ambulance 9816173330 7 Drug Stores 9318510617 8 Power Houses 01975-238509 9 Civil Authorities 01975-225800
DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 28
ANNEXURE-III
AIR MONITORING
RESULTS
1
ANNEXURE – III: AIR MONITORING RESULTS
The methodology for conducting the baseline environmental survey obtained from the guidelines
given in the EIA Manual of the MoEF&CC. Baseline information with respect to air, noise,
water and land quality in the study area were collected by primary sampling/field studies during
the period of March 2015 to June 2015.
The meteorological parameters play a vital role in transport and dispersion of pollutants in the
atmosphere. The collection and analyses of meteorological data, therefore, is an essential
component of environmental impact assessment studies. The long term and short term impact
assessment could be made through utilization and interpretation of meteorological data collected
over long and short periods. Since the meteorological parameters exhibit significant variation in
time and space, meaningful interpretation can only be done through a careful analysis of reliable
data collected very close to the site.
Ambient Air and Noise Sampling Locations of the Study Area
SN Location Location Code Distance, Km Direction
1 Project Site A1 0 Center
2 Ajauli A2 9.10 SE
3 Rampur A3 4.24 NE
4 Una A4 6.49 NE
5 Sanokhghar A5 9.23 SE
6 Hiroli A6 2.18 NE
7 Dharampur A7 7.35 NW
8 Fatehpur A8 5.14 SE
9 Mehatapur A9 6.1 E
10 Pallakwah A10 2.30 SW
2
• Air Monitoring Results
1. Project Site
Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 NH3 O3 CO Arsenic Lead Banzene Benzo(a)
pyrene Nickel
16
march 75 22 3 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
17 73 23 2 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
23 76 21 3 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
24 72 20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
30 74 19 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
31
march 70 23 1 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
6
April 71 24 3 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
7 74 20 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
13 76 26 4 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
14 78 26 3 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
20 80 26 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
21 79 22 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
27 78 20 1 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
28
April 73 22 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
4
May 72 21 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
5 73 20 2 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
11 71 22 1 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
12 74 20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
18 72 19 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
19 70 18 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
25 68 19 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
26
May 69 20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1
June 70 20 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2 69 18 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
8 67 20 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
9
June 71 21 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
3
2. Ajauli
Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 NH3 O3 CO Arsenic Lead Banzene Benzo(a)
pyrene Nickel
16
march 70 20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
17 72 21 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
23 74 20 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
24 76 21 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
30 78 20 3 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
31
march 77 21 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
6
April 75 26 1 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
7 76 25 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
13 77 26 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
14 75 24 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
20 77 24 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
21 80 30 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
27 78 28 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
28
April 77 26 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
4
May 74 26 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
5 70 22 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
11 72 24 1 1 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
12 75 21 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
18 70 19 3 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
19 73 20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
25 76 22 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
26
May 78 21 4 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1
June 73 20 3 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2 70 19 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
8 69 17 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
9
June 72 18 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
4
3. Rampur
Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 NH3 O3 CO Arsenic Lead Banzene Benzo(a)
pyrene Nickel
16
march 73 24 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
17 74 22 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
23 72 20 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
24 76 24 1 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
30 78 22 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
31
march 75 20 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
6
April 78 25 3 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
7 76 21 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
13 75 20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
14 72 19 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
20 70 20 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
21 73 24 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
27 75 23 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
28
April 72 20 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
4
May 75 22 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
5 73 21 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
11 79 19 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
12 72 21 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
18 74 24 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
19 76 22 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
25 75 20 2 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
26
May 73 19 1 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1
June 69 19 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2 65 17 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
8 67 20 1 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
9
June 70 22 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
5
4. Una
Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 NH3 O3 CO Arsenic Lead Banzene Benzo(a)
pyrene Nickel
16
march 72 20 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
17 73 23 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
23 71 22 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
24 74 24 3 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
30 70 20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
31
march 77 25 1 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
6
April 73 21 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
7 76 23 3 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
13 78 25 2 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
14 75 22 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
20 77 20 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
21 79 27 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
27 82 30 3 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
28
April 80 29 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
4
May 76 24 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
5 75 22 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
11 71 20 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
12 70 23 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
18 69 20 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
19 76 24 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
25 74 23 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
26
May 72 22 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1
June 74 28 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2 76 29 3 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
8 72 25 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
9
June 74 24 1 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
6
5. Sanokhgarh
Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 NH3 O3 CO Arsenic Lead Banzene Benzo(a)
pyrene Nickel
16
march 76 21 1 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
17 77 22 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
23 75 20 3 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
24 74 23 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
30 76 23 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
31
march 73 21 1 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
6
April 75 23 4 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
7 74 22 3 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
13 76 24 2 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
14 73 21 1 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
20 72 20 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
21 70 19 3 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
27 73 24 1 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
28
April 78 27 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
4
May 75 24 2 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
5 74 21 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
11 76 20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
12 74 22 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
18 72 20 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
19 74 23 1 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
25 70 21 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
26
May 69 19 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1
June 72 20 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2 70 18 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
8 68 19 1 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
9
June 67 18 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
7
6. Haroli
Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 NH3 O3 CO Arsenic Lead Banzene Benzo(a)
pyrene Nickel
16
march 70 21 3 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
17 72 20 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
23 73 24 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
24 72 20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
30 70 19 ND 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
31
march 74 25 3 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
6
April 75 26 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
7 77 25 3 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
13 78 27 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
14 80 30 ND 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
20 79 29 1 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
21 80 25 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
27 78 27 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
28
April 76 26 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
4
May 72 25 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
5 74 26 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
11 75 27 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
12 78 26 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
18 80 30 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
19 76 29 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
25 78 28 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
26
May 79 30 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1
June 76 27 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2 78 25 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
8 75 21 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
9
June 74 20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
8
7. Dharampur
Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 NH3 O3 CO Arsenic Lead Banzene Benzo(a)
pyrene Nickel
16
march 72 23 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
17 76 26 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
23 71 20 3 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
24 76 27 2 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
30 74 22 1 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
31
march 70 19 2 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
6
April 77 28 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
7 79 24 1 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
13 74 25 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
14 79 24 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
20 75 21 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
21 77 26 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
27 72 21 ND 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
28
April 80 24 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
4
May 83 30 3 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
5 76 27 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
11 78 31 4 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
12 80 29 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
18 75 24 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
19 79 31 1 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
25 73 25 3 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
26
May 70 20 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1
June 69 27 ND 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2 71 29 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
8 67 19 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
9
June 69 25 ND 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
9
8. Fatehpur
Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 NH3 O3 CO Arsenic Lead Banzene Benzo(a)
pyrene Nickel
16
march 70 27 2 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
17 75 31 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
23 78 30. 1 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
24 79 32 3 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
30 73 24 2 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
31
march 79 25 1 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
6
April 81 28 3 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
7 75 26 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
13 79 30 3 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
14 72 27 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
20 78 27 3 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
21 80 28 1 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
27 78 26 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
28
April 83 27 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
4
May 85 34 4 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
5 78 29 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
11 74 26 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
12 79 27 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
18 72 20 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
19 80 25 3 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
25 83 28 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
26
May 76 24 1 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1
June 70 25 3 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2 67 28 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
8 62 17 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
9
June 72 21 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
10
9. Mehatapur
Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 NH3 O3 CO Arsenic Lead Banzene Benzo(a)
pyrene Nickel
16
march 79 31 3 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
17 71 27 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
23 74 25. 4 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
24 76 30 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
30 71 22 3 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
31
march 75 28 2 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
6
April 78 30 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
7 75 27 3 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
13 80 25 1 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
14 79 24 3 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
20 83 32 1 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
21 78 25 3 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
27 75 24 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
28
April 71 24 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
4
May 78 35 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
5 82 37 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
11 73 22 3 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
12 74 20 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
18 78 24 1 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
19 81 32 2 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
25 75 24 3 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
26
May 72 21 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1
June 74 24 2 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2 71 29 3 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
8 74 26 5 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
9
June 80 20 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
11
10. Pallakwah
Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 NH3 O3 CO Arsenic Lead Banzene Benzo(a)
pyrene Nickel
16
march 73 25 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
17 75 30 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
23 79 24 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
24 76 26 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
30 79 22 4 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
31
march 71 20 1 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
6
April 80 25 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
7 72 20 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
13 80 23 2 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
14 74 23 3 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
20 72 26 2 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
21 79 20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
27 73 25 2 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
28
April 76 30 1 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
4
May 71 27 3 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
5 73 24 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
11 75 27 1 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
12 78 19 3 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
18 80 24 4 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
19 76 27 3 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
25 73 21 1 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
26
May 74 27 3 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1
June 68 21 1 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2 61 30 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
8 72 24 3 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
9
June 76 23 1 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
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