i36005 soohyung ahn week 12 designing social inquiry democratic peace scholarship proponents vs....
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I36005
Soohyung Ahn
Week 12 Designing Social Inquiry
Democratic Peace Schol-arshipProponents vs.
Critics
• Read Layne, Spiro, and Corres-pondence.
What are the major points of contentions (in terms of methodo-logy) between these scholars? Who do you think has won the debate?
Question
• Democratic peace theory + pro-ponents
• The element of democratic peace theory
• Critics on this theory• Who won the debates?
Contents
Democratic Peace Theory
•Democratic peace is the proposition that democra-cies do not fight each other.•Immanuel Kant’ essay “Perpetual Peace.”
• A republican constitution is the most desirable cir-cumstance for perpetual peace.•The checks and balances and international law.
Immanuel Kant
The elements of democratic peace theory
- Structural element : democratic struc-tures give citizens leverage over govern-ment decisions. Therefore, a democratic leader is less likely to initiate a war with another liberal democracy.
- Normative element : shared democratic and liberal values explain the peace that exists between democratic states.
Michael Doyle
• Statistic - A computerized database on interstate wars. - In statistical analysis, he found no liberal na-
tions fought wars with each other since 1816.
(“the complete absence of wars” or “zero wars”)
Bruce Russett
• The causes of peace : the two elements. - democratic peace theory relies on two
causal explanations. 1) institutional constraints 2) democratic norms and culture
Critics on the theory David Spiro
Immanuel Kant
1) DefinitionA statistical artifact in terms of its
definition. - They selectively choose definitions
of key variables so that data ana-lysis yields the results they seek.
- Democracy and War
2) The data• Zero is a insignificant result and is pre-
dicted by random chance.
- Why? Although he used a computerized database, he did not perform any probability analyses to disclose why zero is statistically significant.
- Example? Lotteries
- Actually, the absence of war between liberal democra-cies is not a significant pattern for the past two centur-ies.
- The number of wars between democracies is not statist-ically different from what random chance would predict.
- Furthermore, both wars and democracies are rare over
the past two centuries.
Critics on the theory Christopher Layne
• criticizes two elements of democratic people theory
(institutional constraints / democratic norms and culture)
• it is just a matter of de-gree
• It is difficult to prove the cases why a non-event did not happen
- The dog that did not bark agreement.
The main points of critics
• This theory use only the data which support their position and exclude evidence they cannot explain for their good.
• The theory is based on normative theory, which cannot be substanti-ated.
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