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AHG Professional Herbalist Training Webinars Presents:

Herbal Pharmacology: Case Based Studies with Guido Masé, RH (AHG)

Hosted by Anna Claire LottiAHG Education Coordinator

AHG Professional Herbalist Training Webinar Sponsors

To become a webinar sponsor contact  www.americanherbalistsgsuild.com

Guido Masé RH(AHG)

*A case-based approach

Part III

*Tissue-level activity

Central nervous system

Gastrointestinal tract

Lymphatic channels / Immune cells

“Acupharmacology”

Reflex action mediated by autonomics

Hepatic effects

Hormone metabolism

Toxicity

Central nervous system effects: limbic system, frontal cortex, hypothalamus / autonomics

Central effects (limbic, olfactory, frontal)Peripheral effects (vanilloid receptors, chemosensing receptors)

GI tract – emulsification / entrapment of glucose, cholesterol, bile salts

GI tract – enhanced absorption

Shoba G, Joy D, Joseph T, Majeed M, Rajendran R, Srinivas PS. Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers. Planta Med. 1998 May;64(4):353-6.

Lymphatic channels and immune system: innate immune activation / conversation, helper T cell modulation

Simon Mills – Out of the Earth and Principles and Practices of Phytotherapy

Steroid hormone metabolism (cortisol/cortisone)Also occurs in the kidney

Toxicity – with repercussions on vasculature (VOD, e.g.)Representative scheme of PA mechanisms of toxicity: PA, pyrrolizidine alkaloid; EPy, pyrrole ester; APy, pyrrolic alcohol; GSH, glutathione; Py-SG, pyrrole-glutathione conjugate; Py-SPr, pyrrole bound to protein thiol; RBC, red blood cell. The dashed lines for APy indicate that it is a minor metabolite responsible for chronic effects because of its lower reactivity and long half-life. Prakash et al 1999

Male, 8 years old

Recurrent anxiety, agitation

Belly spasm, especially secondary to stress

Bloating, esp. post-carbohydrate

Beginning glycemic / lipidemic issues

Overweight, somewhat sedentary

Cool, moist skin

Potentially applicable chemical classes:

Volatile oils

Pungent compounds

Saponins (with caution re:nausea)

Constitutional notes:

Dietary assessment crucial

Activity?

Potentially applicable chemical classes:

Volatile oils

Peppermint (Mentha x piperita)

[though perhaps a bit cool?]

M H Pittler MD and E Ernst MD, PhD, FRCP. Peppermint oil for irritable bowel syndrome: a critical review and metaanalysis. American Journal of Gastroenterology (1998) 93, 1131–1135

Potentially applicable chemical classes:

Volatile oils

Chamomile (Matricaria)

U. Achterrath-Tuckermann, R. Kunde, E. Flaskamp, O. Isaac, K. Thiemer. Investigations on the Spasmolytic Effect of Compounds of Chamomile and Kamillosan® on the Isolated Guinea Pig lleum. Planta Med 1980; 39(5): 38-50

Potentially applicable chemical classes:

Pungent compounds

Zingiberene - Ginger

Riyazi A, Hensel A, Bauer K, Geissler N, Schaaf S, Verspohl EJ. The effect of the volatile oil from ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale), its fractions and isolated compounds on the 5-HT3 receptor complex and the serotoninergic system of the rat ileum. Planta Med. 2007 Apr;73(4):355-62.

Potentially applicable chemical classes:

Saponins

Fenugreek (Trigonella)

Kassaian N, Azadbakht L, Forghani B, Amini M. Effect of fenugreek seeds on blood glucose and lipid profiles in type 2 diabetic patients. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2009 Jan;79(1):34-9.

Male, 8 years old

Recommendations:

Chamomile infusion, slightly sweetened, ad. lib.

Fenugreek powder, 2tsp. BID (2,000mg)

(hard to tolerate, moved to caps)

Crystallized ginger pieces, after meals

as needed, no more than 3x/day

… 2 weeks …

Fewer GI symptoms, less painful

No nausea or bloating.

Discussed: exercise, carb choices,

bitters

Female, 65 years old

Generally active, at least 3-4 days / week

Frequent daytime urination (12+ times / day) with small amount of urine voided. No nighttime urination.

Diet lacks diversity, but is generally whole-grain and vegetable based. Adequate protein from legumes and fish.

No history of urinary infection.

Normal cardiovascular parameters. Good sleep quality.

Fairly balanced, tends to dryness

Slightly cool, weak pulse

Potentially applicable chemical classes:

Tropane alkaloids

Volatile oils

Constitutional notes:

Social anxiety? Daytime anxiety? Unclear. To watch!

Potentially applicable chemical classes:

Tropane alkaloids

Scopolamine – Datura spp.

Begum, Sabira et al. Gastrointestinal, selective airways and urinary bladder relaxant effects of Hyoscyamus niger re mediated through dual blockade of muscarinic receptors and Ca2+ channels. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 22 (1) (2008)

Potentially applicable chemical classes:

Volatile oils

Linalool, eudesmol - Viburnum

Miyazawa, M.; Hashidume, S.; Takahashi, T. & Kikuchi, T. Aroma Evaluation of Gamazumi(Viburnum dilatatum) by Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis and Odour Activity Value Phytochemical Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012, 23, 208-213

Female, 65 years oldRecommendations:Tincture formula: Viburnum 20ml, Datura 10ml. 30gtt QD am… 48 hours …Marked improvement in urinary frequency and urgency… 4 weeks …Discontinue formula and assess:- No insomnia- No hypertension- No vision disturbances- No anxiety… 6 weeks …Symptoms begin to return. Restartherbal formula. More nervines

Male, 20 years old

Asthma (mild) induced by exercise: track+field athlete 800m

Excellent diet, “imports” fruits and vegetables into college cafeteria to feed himself

Uses rescue inhaler before race and still unable to breathe

Seasonal allergy pattern aggravates; otherwise healthy

Constitutional notes:

Healthy, mostly balanced, ruddy

Calm demeanor

Potentially applicable chemical classes:

Triterpenoids – from medicinal mushrooms

Polysaccharides – from medicinal mushrooms

Xanthine alkaloids

Piperidine alkaloid derivative - lobeline

Volatile oils

Constitutional notes:

Generally balanced, keep it up!

Potentially applicable chemical classes:

Triterpenoids (steroidal) – from medicinal mushrooms

Ganoderma lucidum

Wen M.-C., et al. Efficacy and tolerability of antiasthma herbal medicine intervention in adult patients with moderate-severe allergic asthma. (2005) Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 116 (3), pp. 517-524.

Potentially applicable chemical classes:

Polysaccharides – from medicinal mushrooms

Ganoderma lucidum

Wen M.-C., et al. Efficacy and tolerability of antiasthma herbal medicine intervention in adult patients with moderate-severe allergic asthma. (2005) Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 116 (3), pp. 517-524.

Potentially applicable chemical classes:

Xanthine alkaloids

Theophylline - cacao

Cushley MJ, Tattersfield AE, Holgate ST. Adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma. Antagonism by inhaled theophylline. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1984 Mar;129(3):380-4.

Potentially applicable chemical classes:

Piperidine alkaloids

Lobeline – Lobelia inflata

Jain SK, Subramanian S, Julka DB, Guz A. Search for evidence of lung chemoreflexes in man: study of respiratory and circulatory effects of phenyldiguanide and lobeline. Clin Sci. 1972 Feb;42(2):163-77.

Potentially applicable chemical classes:

Volatile oils

Eucalyptol – Eucalyptus globulus

Juergens UR, Dethlefsen U, Steinkamp G, Gillissen A, Repges R, Vetter H. Anti-inflammatory activity of 1.8-cineol (eucalyptol) in bronchial asthma: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Respir Med. 2003 Mar;97(3):250-6.

Male, 20 years old

Recommendations:

Morning: tincture of Lobelia, 15gtt in water, before workout

Ganoderma lucidum, 2-phase extract, 2ml BID

Cacao – hot beverage from organic powder + raw honey

Eucalyptus inhaler PRN

… 2 weeks …

Able to breathe better after race

… 6 weeks …

Reaches final in All-America East

Generally very pleased

* During the Great Plague, physicians routinely used relatively airtight masks with long beaks stuffed with aromatic plants – notably rosemary and mugwort – to prevent noxious vapors, thought to carry disease, from infecting them.

Antiseptic mechanisms: Nazzaro 2013

Antispasmodic action: Ca2+ channel inhibitionLis-Balchin 1998, 2001, 2002 and Aromatherapy Science (2006)

Female, 25 years old, Preparing for first delivery, 39 weeks since conceptionAll seems fine – fetal health excellent, maternal health goodLatent labor passing into active labor, pain increases

Has an herbal tea for labor pain ready:Black CohoshRed RaspberryRagwortEvening Primrose

Wants to take it starting now,For 3+ weeks postpartumISSUES?

Ragwort – Senecio jacobaea et al spp.

Traditional uses include:Pain controlTopical antidyscraticBitter, astringent post-partum remedy

…but recognized as potentially toxic to livestockas early as Maude Grieve (1930) and earlier

Potentially applicable chemical classes:

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Ragwort – Senecio jacobaea et al spp.

KE Panter et al. Natural plant toxicants in milk: a review. Journal of animal science, 1990 Re: toxicity see Prakash 1999

Female, 25 years old

Recommendations:

Discontinue tea blend, and reformulate without the ragwort!

Avoid Symphytum, Borago, Petasities, Tussilago, etc… as well, including during lactation (breast milk transfer does occur)

Hepatotoxic!

Carcinogenic!

May not be an issue for mother

BIG issue for newborn infant

Cumulative toxicity

Guido Masé RH(AHG)

2017

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