health and environment

Health and Environment

Objectives At the end of this session the

participants should be able to conceptualize:

1. health in its physical, mental, social and spiritual context;

2. environment to be an important factor in the interaction of agent and host in the epidemiological or ecological triad;

3. the physical, biological and psychosocial environment and understand their

impact on health.

“Healthy people are those who live in healthy homes on a

healthy diet; in an environment equally fit for

birth, growth, work, healing, and dying... Healthy people

need no bureaucratic interference to mate, give

birth, share the human condition, and die.”

-Ivan Illich 

It is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not

merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Health

It is a condition under which the individual is able to mobilize all his resources, intellect, emotional and physical- for optimum living.

Health

This concept recognizes the strength of social,

economic, political and environmental influences

on health.

HOLISTIC CONCEPT OF HEALTH

Heredity Welfare services

     Environment Socio-economic conditions Health and family Life-style

DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH:

Disease is a result from complex interaction between man, an agent and the environment.

From ecological point of view, disease is defined as

“maladjustment of the human organism to the environment”.

Concept of Disease

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD

Environment

Vector

Agent Host

Environment(Physical, biological and psychosocial)

Human activities health of individual

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

All of the external factors affecting an organism. These factors may be other living organisms (biotic factors) or nonliving variables (abiotic factors), such as temperature, rainfall, day length, wind, and ocean currents.

The interactions of organisms with biotic and abiotic factors form an ecosystem.

Environment

Macro-environment or the external environment

-is said to be responsible for millions of preventable diseases

originating in it.

Micro-environment -is the Domestic environment in which

man lives.

Internal environment -is some time used for the environment

inside the body

Types of Environment

PHYSICAL: air, water, soil, housing, climate, geography, heat,

light, noise, debris, radiation, etc.

BIOLOGICAL: man, viruses, microbial agents, insects, rodents,

animals and plants, etc.

PSYCHOSOCIAL: cultural values, customs, beliefs, habits, attitudes,

morals, religion, education, lifestyles, community life, health services, social and political organization.

COMPONENTS OF ENVIRONMENT

The environment is all external conditions, circumstances, and

influences surrounding and affecting the growth and

development of an organism or community of organisms.

Environmental health is the study and management of environmental conditions that affect the health and

well-being of humans.

HAZARDS

Environmental Hazards

Environmental hazards may be biological, chemical, physical, psychological, sociological, or site and location hazards.

Biological hazards

These are living organisms or their products that are

harmful to humans.

-Our municipal water treatment facilities are

usually able to purify water by removing these agents or killing them by

disinfecting the water.

A. Water-borne diseases-are diseases that are transmitted in drinking water

-these disease organisms are shed into the water in feces, and can produce illness in those who consume untreated, contaminated water.

Examples:

Polio VirusHepatitis A

VirusSalmonella

Bacteria

ShigellaBacteria

CholeraBacteria Amoebic

Dysentery

Examples:

Giardia(3D model)

Cryptosporidium

Examples:

Polio

Hepatitis ASalmonella

Shigella Cholera AmoebicDysenterae

Examples:

GiardiaCryptosporidium

-are diseases transmitted in or on food

-to protect against food-borne diseases, sanitarians from local health departments routinely inspect food service establishments (restaurants) and retail food outlets (supermarkets) to verify that food is being stored and handled properly.

B. Food-borne diseases

bacteria Salmonellaserotype enteritidis

Escherichia coli 0157:H7

Examples of food-borne agents

-are those transmitted by insects or other arthropods

-improper environmental management can cause vector-borne disease outbreaks.

C. Vector-borne diseases

St. Louis encephalitisLa Crosse encephalitis

They are transmitted by mosquitoes and plague and urine typhus transmitted by fleas.

Examples

Chemical Hazards

It is a result from mismanagement or

misuse of chemicals resulting in an unacceptable

risk to human health.

-that have been manufactured for the purpose of reducing populations of undesirable organisms (pests)

-most pesticides kill non-target organisms as well as the target, or pest species.

-the wise use of pesticides can protect human health and agricultural crops.

A. Pesticides are chemicals

HerbicidesInsecticides

Examples of categories of pesticides

-is an environmental hazard produced by millions that smoke

-diseases associated with ETS include lung cancer and perhaps heart disease

-the EPA has classified ETS as a Class A carcinogen

B. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)

-Smoking has been increasingly restricted from public buildings and from many private work sites

-Regulation of smoking seems to be the best approach to controlling this pollutant

-is a naturally occurring element that is used in the manufacturing of many industrial and domestic products

-Health problems associated with the over exposure to lead are anemia, birth defects, bone damage, neurological damage, kidney damage, and others.

-Exposure is by ingestion and inhalation.

C. Lead

-Children are particularly at risk from eating peeling lead paint.

-The prevalence of very high blood lead levels among young children declined significantly between 1984 and 1994 primarily because the removal of lead from gasoline.

-Occupational exposure is a major source of lead intake for adults.

Physical Hazards

It includes airborne particles, humidity, equipment design

and radiation.

Psychological Hazards

are environmental factors that produce

psychological changes expressed

as stress, depression, hysteria.

Sociological Hazards

are those that result from living in a society where one experiences noise, lack of privacy and overcrowding.

Site and Location Hazards

-Natural disasters are geographical and meteorological events of such magnitude and proximity to communities that they produce significant damage and injuries.

-Examples are cyclones, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, typhoons, and volcanic eruptions.

-The magnitude of devastation of these events can sometimes be great.

-Biological, psychological and sociological hazards may increase following a natural disaster.

The End

Valeroso, Daisy MaeSalino, Sarah Gane MarieAbarca, MarielVelez, NadeneAbes, LiaddyDeguma, CarlDagohoy, SaharaAzote, AllynCeniza, Ching BeeMonding, Anjean

Group 1