harvey thorleifson, ph.d. director minnesota geological survey university of minnesota
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Harvey Thorleifson, Ph.D.Harvey Thorleifson, Ph.D.DirectorDirectorMinnesota Geological SurveyMinnesota Geological SurveyUniversity of MinnesotaUniversity of Minnesota
Harvey Thorleifson, Ph.D.Harvey Thorleifson, Ph.D.DirectorDirectorMinnesota Geological SurveyMinnesota Geological SurveyUniversity of MinnesotaUniversity of Minnesota
Information Systems Information Systems Required to Ensure Sustainable Required to Ensure Sustainable Groundwater SupplyGroundwater Supply
Harvey Thorleifson, Ph.D.Harvey Thorleifson, Ph.D.DirectorDirectorMinnesota Geological SurveyMinnesota Geological SurveyUniversity of MinnesotaUniversity of Minnesota
Information Systems Information Systems Required to Ensure Sustainable Required to Ensure Sustainable Groundwater SupplyGroundwater Supply
USGS
GroundwaterGroundwater
EC
IMPORTANCE OF GROUNDWATER IMPORTANCE OF GROUNDWATER FOR CANADAFOR CANADA
Domestic, 43%Industry, 14%
Agriculture, 43%
Groundwater Use in Canada
USGS- not recharged locally -
GroundwaterGroundwater
Surface water and groundwater systems are linked; much to most river flow is groundwater
Groundwater pumpingGroundwater pumping
USGS
USGS
Threats to Threats to groundwater qualitygroundwater quality
Vulnerability and fateof contaminants are governedby geology
GroundwaterGroundwatercontaminant plumecontaminant plume
USGS
Role of groundwaterRole of groundwater
• Principal drinking water source
• Principal source of irrigation water
• Critical water supply for industry
• Principal usable freshwater reserve
• Source of water for wetlands & streamflow
Sustainable groundwater useSustainable groundwater use
“development and use of groundwater in a manner that can be maintained for an indefinite time without causing unacceptable environmental, economic, or social consequences”
– United States Geological Survey
Sustainable pumping ratesSustainable pumping rates
Observation Wells
Unsustainable pumping ratesUnsustainable pumping rates
CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CHANGE
NGDC
Saltwater intrusion
USGS
USGS
Landsubsidence
Groundwater sustainability Groundwater sustainability prioritiespriorities
• sustainable long-term yields
• maintenance of river flow
• effective use of stored water
• preservation of water quality
• preservation of aquatic environments
Sustainable groundwater Sustainable groundwater managementmanagement
We need to balance
groundwater pumping and land use activity
with
maintaining groundwater quality and quantity
What do we need to do to achieve this?
Requirements for sustainable Requirements for sustainable groundwater developmentgroundwater development
• protect rechargeprotect recharge
• minimize contaminationminimize contamination
• manage pumpingmanage pumping
Indicators for sustainable Indicators for sustainable groundwater developmentgroundwater development
• quantityquantity
• qualityquality
• mapping of groundwater systemsmapping of groundwater systems
County Atlas - Regional Assessment Program
• Assessing the sustainability of a Assessing the sustainability of a regional groundwater systemregional groundwater system
• WinnipegWinnipeg
MWRB
Drillhole dataDrillhole data
Water ChemistryWater Chemistry
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80000 0 80000 160000 Meters
N
EW
S
Carbonate Aquifer 771Sandstone Aquifer 206
Density; kg/m3; from chlorideDensity; kg/m3; from chloride
60 0 60 120 Miles
N
EW
S
TransmissivityTransmissivity
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40 0 40 80 Miles
N
EW
S
Lake WinnipegLake
Manitoba
Non-industrial Pumping WellsNon-industrial Pumping Wells
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40 0 40 80 Miles
N
EW
S
Lake Winnipeg
Flow Calibration: 1920Flow Calibration: 1920
220 230 240 250 260 270Observed equivalent freshwater head (m)
220
240
260
280
300
Co
mp
ute
d e
qu
ival
ent
fre
sh
wa
ter
he
ad
(m
)
RMS = 7.22 mSlope = 0.92
Intercept = 23.6R2 = 0.75
Flow History Match: 1999 dataFlow History Match: 1999 data
180 200 220 240 260 280 300Observed equivalent freshwater head (m)
160
200
240
280
320
360
Co
mp
ute
d e
qu
ival
ent
fre
sh
wa
ter
he
ad
(m
)
RMS = 10.4 mSlope = 1.13
Intercept = -28.1R2 = 0.82
Changes in head at 2019, assumed increased pumping Changes in head at 2019, assumed increased pumping from 1999 ratesfrom 1999 rates
New 3D methodsNew 3D methods
3. BC Interior
1. Vancouver Island
2. BC Lower Mainland
8. Southern Ontario
10. Annapolis
9. St. Lawrence/Ottawa 4. Southeastern BC
5 6 7: Prairie
11. New Brunswick/PEI
Examples of major regional groundwater systemsExamples of major regional groundwater systems
Winnipeg Sandstone Aquifer
Saline water
Potable water
Maathuis, H. and Thorleifson, L. H.Maathuis, H. and Thorleifson, L. H. 2000. Potential impact of climate change on Prairie groundwater supplies: review of current knowledge. 2000. Potential impact of climate change on Prairie groundwater supplies: review of current knowledge.Saskatchewan Research Council Publication No. 11304-2E00, 43 p., 28 figures, three appendices.Saskatchewan Research Council Publication No. 11304-2E00, 43 p., 28 figures, three appendices.
Prairie Aquifer Mapping
Outcrop
Subcrop
Judith River Aquifer
Buried Valley Aquifers
Winnipeg 3Daquifer map
Red River Valley
Red River Valley 3D aquifer mapping
Fargo 3Daquifer map
Winnipeg 3Daquifer map
Fargo 3Daquifer map
USGS
GroundwaterGroundwater
We need to:We need to:
• protect recharge
• minimize contamination
• manage pumping
Basic indicatorsBasic indicators
• Quantity
• Quality
Status of mapping Status of mapping indicatorsindicators
proportion of public domain drillhole records that are digital, georeferenced, and categorized
extent of geological mapping that is detailed, consistent, comprehensive, and categorized
extent of 3D groundwater system mapping of that takes advantage of available drillhole data, geophysical surveys, and expert knowledge.
USGS- not recharged locally -
GroundwaterGroundwater
mapping of our groundwater systemsmapping of our groundwater systems
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