grote rol weggelegd voor ict op school
Post on 07-Mar-2016
216 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
%$6,621'(5:,-6
ICT-MONITOR 1998/1999
$�&�$��WHQ�%UXPPHOKXLV0��'UHQW
8QLYHUVLWHLW�7ZHQWH
2QGHU]RHN &HQWUXP7RHJHSDVWH 2QGHUZLMVNXQGH
0
,&7�PRQLWRU� ����������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV�$�&�$�� WHQ� %UXPPHOKXLV� � 0�� 'UHQW�
(QVFKHGH�� 8QLYHUVLWHLW� 7ZHQWH�� 2QGHU]RHN� &HQWUXP� 7RHJHSDVWH� 2QGHUZLMVNXQGH
�2&72����������,6%1�������������
7UHIZRRUGHQ� LQIRUPDWLH��HQ�FRPPXQLFDWLHWHFKQRORJLH
PRQLWRULQJ
FRPSXWHUV
RQGHUZLMVYHUQLHXZLQJ
EDVLVRQGHUZLMV
Colofon
/D\�RXW 6DQGUD�6FKHOH
%HVWHODGUHV 8QLYHUVLWHLW�7ZHQWH
2&72�,&7�PRQLWRU
3RVWEXV����
�����$(�(QVFKHGH
7HO�����������������
)D[�����������������(�PDLO��LFWPRQLWRU#HGWH�XWZHQWH�QO
'UXNZHUN� 3ULQW3DUWQHUV�,SVNDPS��(QVFKHGH
� �����8QLYHUVLWHLW�7ZHQWH
2QGHU]RHN�&HQWUXP�7RHJHSDVWH�2QGHUZLMVNXQGH��2&72�
2YHUQDPH�YDQ�JHJHYHQV�XLW�GH]H�SXEOLFDWLH�LV�WRHJHVWDDQ��PLWV�GH�EURQ�ZRUGW�YHUPHOG�
,QKRXGVRSJDYH L
INHOUDSOPGAVE
2YHU]LFKW�YDQ�ILJXUHQ�HQ�WDEHOOHQ LLL
�� &217(;7 (1 23=(7 9$1 '( ,&7�021,725 �
��� &RQWH[W ���� &RQFHSWXHHO�PRGHO ���� 2S]HW ���� /HHVZLM]HU �
�� +(7 +8,',*( &20387(5*(%58,. �
��� &RPSXWHUJHEUXLN�RS�VFKRRO�YRRU�RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ ���� &RPSXWHUJHEUXLN�GRRU�OHHUOLQJHQ ����� &RPSXWHUJHEUXLN�RS�VFKRRO�YRRU�DGPLQLVWUDWLHY H�GRHOHLQGHQ ����� 6DPHQYDWWLQJ ��
�� ,&7�,1)5$6758&7885 ��
��� 9HUVSUHLGLQJVJUDDG�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV ����� .HQPHUNHQ�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV ����� 2YHULJH�DSSDUDWXXUNHQPHUNHQ ����� 5DQGDSSDUDWXXU ����� 1HWZHUNHQ�HQ�H[WHUQH�FRPPXQLFDWLH ����� 6DPHQYDWWLQJ ��
�� 21'(5:,-6&21&(37 (1 ,&7�%(/(,' ��
��� 2QGHUZLMVFRQFHSW ����� %LMGUDJH�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV�DDQ�UHDOLVDWLH�RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW ����� %HOHLG ����� ,QYHVWHULQJHQ ����� 6DPHQYDWWHQG ��
�� +28',1*��.(11,6 (1 9$$5',*+('(1 ��
��� +RXGLQJ�YDQ�OHHUNUDFKWHQ ����� +RXGLQJ�YDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ ����� .HQQLV�HQ�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�YDQ�OHHUNUDFKWHQ ����� .HQQLV�HQ�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�YDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ ����� 6DPHQYDWWLQJ ��
LL ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
�� 21'(567(81,1*��6$0(1:(5.,1*��.1(/3817(1 (1 %(+2()7(1 ��
��� 2QGHUVWHXQLQJ�YDQ�GH�VFKRRO ����� 2QGHUVWHXQLQJ�YRRU�GH�OHHUNUDFKW ����� 6DPHQZHUNLQJ�PHW�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ ����� .QHOSXQWHQ ����� %HKRHIWHQ ����� 6DPHQYDWWLQJ ��
�� 3(563(&7,() 23 '( 72(.2067 ��
��� 7RHNRPVWEHHOG�YDQ�GLUHFWLH ����� 7RHNRPVWEHHOG�YDQ�OHHUNUDFKWHQ ����� 1LHXZH�RQWZLNNHOLQJHQ ����� 6DPHQYDWWLQJ ��
�� 9225+2('(6&+2/(1 ��
��� &RPSXWHUJHEUXLN ����� ,&7�LQIUDVWUXFWXXU ����� 2QGHUZLMVFRQFHSW ����� %HOHLG ����� ,QYHVWHULQJHQ ����� +RXGLQJ ����� .HQQLV�HQ�YDDUGLJKHGHQ ����� 2QGHUVWHXQLQJ ����� .QHOSXQWHQ�HQ�EHKRHIWHQ ������7RHNRPVWEHHOG ������ 6DPHQYDWWLQJ ��
�� 6$0(19$77,1*��',6&866,( (1 $$1%(9(/,1*(1 ���
��� 6DPHQYDWWLQJ�YDQ�UHVXOWDWHQ ������ 'LVFXVVLH�HQ�DDQEHYHO LQJHQ ���
5()(5(17,(6 ���
2YHU]LFKW YDQ ILJXUHQ HQ WDEHOOHQ LLL
OVERZICHT VAN FIGUREN EN TABELLEN
Figuren
)LJXXU���� ,&7�PRQLWRU�JHSRVLWLRQHHUG�LQ�HHQ�EHOHLGVF\FOXV �
)LJXXU���� &RQFHSWXHHO�PRGHO�YDQ�GH�,&7�PRQLWRU �
)LJXXU���� 3HUFHQWDJH�OHUDUHQ�PHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�LQ�GH�JURHSHQ���W�P�� �
)LJXXU���� 2QWZLNNHOLQJ�YDQ�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�GRRU�OHUDUHQ �
)LJXXU���� ,QWHQVLWHLW�YDQ�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�ELM� OHHU��HQ�YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ�LQJURHS�� �
)LJXXU���� *HEUXLNVYRUPHQ�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV�GRRU�OHUDUHQ� LQ�JURHS�� ��
)LJXXU���� /RFDWLHV�HQ�FRPSXWHUV�EHVFKLNEDDU�YRRU�OHHUOLQJHQ�XLW�JURHS�� ��
)LJXXU���� 7\SHULQJ� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� YRRU� RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ� YDQ� GH� JHKHOHVFKRRO�GRRU�,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU ��
)LJXXU���� 2YHU]LFKW�YDQ�YDNJHELHGHQ�ZDDUELM�OHHUOLQJHQ�XLW� JURHS���LQ�DDQUDNLQJNRPHQ�PHW�FRPSXWHUV ��
)LJXXU���� )UHTXHQWLH� YDQ� FRPSXWHUWRHSDVVLQJHQ� GLH� OHHUOLQJHQ� XLW� JURHS� �WLMGHQV�HHQ�VFKRROMDDU�JHEUXLNHQ ��
)LJXXU���� 2QWZLNNHOLQJ� YDQ� KHW� JHPLGGHOG� DDQWDO� FRPSXWHUV� SHU� EDVLVVFKRROYDQDI����� ��
)LJXXU���� 9HUJHOLMNLQJ�YDQ�GH�OHHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR�LQ������HQ����� ��
)LJXXU���� $DQZH]LJH�YHUELQGLQJVPRJHOLMNKHGHQ�ELQQHQ�KHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV ��
)LJXXU���� 9HUGHOLQJ�YDQ�EDVLVVFKROHQ�RS�GH�VFKDDO� RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW� LQ�UHODWLHWRW�HHQ�VWDWLVWLVFKH�QRUPDDOYHUGHOLQJ ��
)LJXXU���� 9HUJHOLMNLQJ�WXVVHQ�KHW�SHUFHQWDJH�VFKROHQ�ZDDUELM�HHQ�DVSHFW�YDQ�KHWRQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW�YDQ�JURRW�EHODQJ�LV ��
)LJXXU���� 3ORW� YDQ� GH� VDPHQKDQJ� WXVVHQ� RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW� HQ� GH� ELMGUDJH� GLHFRPSXWHUV�OHYHUHQ�DDQ�GH�UHDOLVDWLH ��
)LJXXU���� 9HUJHOLMNLQJ�WXVVHQ�RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW�HQ�GH�ELMGUDJH�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV�LQ�����HQ����� ��
)LJXXU���� 3HUFHQWDJH� QDJHVWUHHIGH� HQ� JHUHDOLVHHUGH� ,&7�EHOHLGVGRHOHQ� RS� KHWJHELHG�YDQ�DGPLQLVWUDWLH�HQ�EHKHHU ��
)LJXXU���� 3HUFHQWDJH� QDJHVWUHHIGH� HQ� JHUHDOLVHHUGH� ,&7�EHOHLGVGRHOHQ� RS� KHWJHELHG�YDQ�LQULFKWLQJ�RQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV ��
)LJXXU���� 3HUFHQWDJH� QDJHVWUHHIGH� HQ� JHUHDOLVHHUGH� ,&7�EHOHLGVGRHOHQ� RS� KHWJHELHG�YDQ�FRPPXQLFDWLH�HQ�LQIRUPDWLHYRRU]LHQLQJ ��
)LJXXU���� 3HUFHQWDJH� QDJHVWUHHIGH� HQ� JHUHDOLVHHUGH� ,&7�EHOHLGVGRHOHQ� RS� KHWJHELHG�YDQ�VFKROLQJ�HQ�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ ��
)LJXXU���� 8LWJDYHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7�LQ�KHW�DIJHORSHQ�VFKRROMDDU ��
LY ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
)LJXXU���� 3HUFHQWDJH�OHHUNUDFKWHQ�YDQ�JURHS���GDW�HHQ �SRVLWLHYH�YHUDQGHULQJ�RSKHW� JHELHG� YDQ� KHW� OHHUSURFHV� ZDDUQHHPW� DOV� JHYROJ� YDQ� FRPSXWHU�JHEUXLN ��
)LJXXU���� 3HUFHQWDJH� OHUDUHQ� GDW� DOV� JHYROJ� YDQ� ,&7�JHEUXLN� SRVLWLHYHYHUDQGHULQJHQ�HUYDDUW�ELM�OHHUSURFHVVHQ ��
)LJXXU���� 3HUFHQWDJH� OHUDUHQ�YDQ�JURHS�� �GDW�HHQ�SRVLWLHYH�YHUDQGHULQJ�RS�KHWJHELHG�YDQ� OHHUOLQJYRUGHULQJHQ�ZDDUQHHPW� DOV� JHYROJ� YDQ� FRPSXWHU�JHEUXLN ��
)LJXXU���� 3HUFHQWDJH� OHUDUHQ� GDW� DOV� JHYROJ� YDQ� ,&7�JHEUXLN� SRVLWLHYHYHUDQGHULQJHQ�HUYDDUW�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�OHHUOLQJYRUGHULQJHQ ��
)LJXXU���� 3HUFHQWDJH� OHUDUHQ�YDQ�JURHS���GDW�HHQ�SRVLWLHYH�YHUDQGHULQJ�RS�KHWJHELHG�YDQ�FRPPXQLFDWLH�ZDDUQHHPW�DOV�JHYROJ�YDQ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN ��
)LJXXU���� 3HUFHQWDJH� OHUDUHQ� DOV� JHYROJ� YDQ� ,&7�JHEUXLN� SRVLWLHYHYHUDQGHULQJHQ� HUYDDUW� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� FRPPXQLFDWLH� HQ� VDPHQ�ZHUNLQJ ��
)LJXXU���� *HPLGGHOGH�VFRUH�RS�HHQ�PDDW�YRRU�ZDDUJHQRPHQ�YHUDQGHULQJ ��
)LJXXU���� 2QWZLNNHOLQJ�LQ�GH�KRXGLQJ�YDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�WHQ�RS]LFKWH�YDQ�,&7�LQ�GHSHULRGH���������� ��
)LJXXU���� 9HUJHOLMNLQJ� WXVVHQ� MRQJHQV� HQ� PHLVMHV� LQ� FRPSXWH UDWWLWXGH� WHQDDQ]LHQ�YDQ�SOH]LHU��UHOHYDQWLH�HQ�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�YDQ�RXGHUV ��
)LJXXU����� 9HUJHOLMNLQJ�WXVVHQ�MRQJHQV�HQ�PHLVMHV�LQ�FRPSXWHUDWWLWXGH ��
)LJXXU����� 3HUFHQWDJH�VFKROHQ�ZDDUELM�HHQ�GHHO�YDQ�GH� OHUDUHQ�YROJHQV�GH� ,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU�EHVFKLNW�RYHU�HOHPHQWDLUH�NHQQLV�HQ�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�RS�KHWJHELHG�YDQ�RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN ��
)LJXXU����� 3HUFHQWDJH�VFKROHQ�ZDDUELM�HHQ�GHHO�YDQ�GH� OHUDUHQ�YROJHQV�GH� ,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU� EHVFKLNW� RYHU� NHQQLV� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� PRGHUQHWHFKQRORJLH ��
)LJXXU����� 3HUFHQWDJH�VFKROHQ�ZDDUELM�HHQ�GHHO�YDQ�GH� OHUDUHQ�YROJHQV�GH� ,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU� GH� FRPSXWHU� NXQQHQ� JHEUXLNHQ� YRRU� YRUGHULQJHQ�UHJLVWUDWLH ��
)LJXXU����� 3HUFHQWDJH�VFKROHQ�ZDDUELM�HHQ�GHHO�YDQ�GH� OHUDUHQ�YROJHQV�GH� ,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU�EHVFKLNW�RYHU�VSHFLDOLVWHQNHQQLV�RS�KHW�JHELHG�RQGHUZLMV�NXQGLJ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN ��
)LJXXU����� 3HUFHQWDJH�VFKROHQ�ZDDUELM�HHQ�GHHO�YDQ�GH� OHUDUHQ�YROJHQV�GH� ,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU�EHVFKLNW�RYHU�DOJHPHQH�FRPSXWHUYDDUGLJKHGHQ ��
)LJXXU����� *HPLGGHOG� DDQWDO� NHUHQ� GDW� $&�HU� DDQJHHIW� RI� NHQQLV� HQYDDUGLJKHGHQ�ELQQHQ�GH�VFKRRO�DDQZH]LJ�]LMQ ��
)LJXXU����� 0DQLHUHQ�YDQ�NHQQLVRYHUGUDFKW�ELQQHQ�VFKROHQ ��
)LJXXU����� &RPSXWHUNHQQLV�HQ��YDDUGLJKHGHQ�YDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�LQ������HQ����� ��
)LJXXU���� ,QVWDQWLHV�JURHSHQ� ZDDUYDQ� VFKROHQ� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� HUYDUHQ� ELM� GHLQYRHULQJ�YDQ�,&7 ��
)LJXXU���� 0DWH� ZDDULQ� VFKROHQ� �GH� SODDWVHOLMNH� RI� UHJLRQDOH�� 2%'� HQ� 3$%2WRHJHUXVW� DFKWHQ�RP� LQ� GH� WRHNRPVW� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� WH� ELHGHQ�ELM� GHYHUGHUH�LQYRHULQJ�YDQ�,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ ��
)LJXXU���� *URHSHQ� HQ� LQVWDQWLHV� GLH� YROJHQV� GH� OHHUNUDFKW� RQGHUVWHXQLQJYHUOHQHQ�ELM�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�,&7�LQ�GH�NODV ��
)LJXXU���� *HPLGGHOGH�RPYDQJ�YDQ�NQHOSXQWHQ�SHU�DDQGDFKWVJHELHG ��
2YHU]LFKW YDQ ILJXUHQ HQ WDEHOOHQ Y
)LJXXU���� $VSHFWHQ�YDQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMVOHHUSURFHV�GLH� YROJHQV� OHHUNUDFKWHQ�GRRUQLHXZH�SURJUDPPDWXXU�RQGHUVWHXQG�PRHWHQ�ZRUGHQ ��
)LJXXU���� 6FKROLQJVEHKRHIWHQ�YDQ�OHUDUHQ�LQ������HQ����� ��
)LJXXU���� +HW�EHODQJ�YDQ� LQULFKWLQJVDVSHFWHQ�YRRU�KHW�KXLGLJH�HQ� WRHNRPVWLJHRQGHUZLMV�YROJHQV�GH�GLUHFWLH ��
)LJXXU���� +HW�EHODQJ�YDQ�FRPSXWHUWRHSDVVLQJHQ�LQ�KHW�KXLGLJH�HQ�WRHNRPVWLJHRQGHUZLMV�YROJHQV�GH�GLUHFWLH ��
)LJXXU���� 9HUJHOLMNLQJ� YDQ� JHJHYHQV� XLW� ����� HQ� �����RYHU� GH� RQWZLNNHOLQJHQGLH�GH� VFKRROGLUHFWLH� � YHUZDFKWHQ� WHQ� DDQ]LHQ� YDQ�GH� LQULFKWLQJ� YDQKHW�RQGHUZLMV�HQ�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�RS�GH�HLJHQ�VFKRRO ��
)LJXXU���� ,QULFKWLQJVDVSHFWHQ� GLH� YROJHQV� OHHUNUDFKWHQ� LQ� KHW� WRHNRPVWLJRQGHUZLMV�YDQ�PLQGHU �EHODQJ�]XOOHQ�]LMQ ��
)LJXXU���� ,QULFKWLQJVDVSHFWHQ� GLH� YROJHQV� OHHUNUDFKWHQ� LQ� KHW� WRHNRPVWLJRQGHUZLMV�YDQ�JURWHU�EHODQJ�]XOOHQ�]LMQ ��
)LJXXU���� &RPSXWHUDVSHFWHQ� GLH� YROJHQV� GH� OHHUNUDFKWHQ� LQ� KHW� WRHNRPVWLJRQGHUZLMV�YDQ�JURWHU�EHODQJ�]XOOHQ�]LMQ ��
)LJXXU���� 9HUJHOLMNLQJ� YDQ� JHJHYHQV� XLW� ����� HQ� �����RYHU� GH� RQWZLNNHOLQJHQGLH� OHUDUHQ� YHUZDFKWHQ� WHQ� DDQ]LHQ� YDQ� GH� LQULFKWLQJ� YDQ� KHW� HLJHQRQGHUZLMV�HQ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN ��
)LJXXU���� ,&7�WUHQGV� ZDDUYDQ� VFKROHQ� YHHO� YDQ� YHUZDFKWHQ� YRRU� KHW� HLJHQRQGHUZLMV ��
)LJXXU���� 0DWH�ZDDULQ�EDVLVVFKROHQ� LQ� VWDDW�]LMQ�RQWZLNNHOLQJHQ�RS�KHW� JHELHGYDQ�,&7�ELM�WH�KRXGHQ ��
)LJXXU����� 3HUFHQWDJH�VFKROHQ�GDW�VOHFKW�RS�GH�KRRJWH� LV�YDQ�GH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQGLH�,&7�WH�ELHGHQ�KHHIW�YRRU�RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ ��
)LJXXU���� 9HUJHOLMNLQJ� YDQ� KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� RS� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� HQDQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ ��
)LJXXU���� 9HUJHOLMNLQJ�WXVVHQ�RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW�HQ�GH�ELMGUDJH�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV ��
)LJXXU���� 3HUFHQWDJH� QDJHVWUHHIGH� HQ� JHUHDOLVHHUGH� ,&7�EHOHLGVGRHOHQ� RS� YLHUEHOHLGVJHELHGHQ ��
)LJXXU���� 3HUFHQWDJH� OHUDUHQ�GDW� WHQ�JHYROJH�YDQ� ,&7�JHEUXLN�SRVLWLHYH�YHUDQ�GHULQJHQ�HUYDDUW�RS�YHUVFKLOOHQGH�DVSHFWHQ�YDQ�RQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV ��
)LJXXU���� +RXGLQJ�YDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�WHQ�RS]LFKWH�YDQ�,&7 ��
)LJXXU���� 3HUFHQWDJH�VFKROHQ�ZDDUELM�PHHU�GDQ�GH�KHOIW�YDQ�GH�OHUDUHQ�EHVFKLNWRYHU�NHQQLV��HQ�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7 ��
)LJXXU���� &RPSXWHUNHQQLV�HQ��YDDUGLJKHGHQ�YDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ ��
)LJXXU���� 0DWH�ZDDULQ� VFKROHQ�GH�2%'�HQ�3$%2� WRHJHUXVW� DFKWHQ�RP� LQ�GHWRHNRPVW�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�WH�ELHGHQ�ELM�GH�YHUGHUH� LQYRHULQJ�YDQ�,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ ��
)LJXXU���� *HPLGGHOGH�RPYDQJ�YDQ�NQHOSXQWHQ�SHU�DDQGDFKWV JHELHG ��
)LJXXU����� 2QWZLNNHOLQJHQ�GLH�OHUDUHQ�YHUZDFKWHQ�WHQ�DDQ]LHQ�YDQ�GH�LQULFKWLQJYDQ�KHW�HLJHQ�RQGHUZLMV ��
)LJXXU���� %HwQYORHGHQGH� IDFWRUHQ� RS� VFKRROQLYHDX� ELM� GH� LQYRHULQJ� YDQ� ,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�YRRU�RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ ���
YL ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
Tabellen
7DEHO���� 2YHU]LFKW�YDQ�KHW�DDQWDO�YHUVWXXUGH�HQ�JHUHWRXUQHHUGH�YUDJHQOLMVWHQ �
7DEHO���� 3HUFHQWDJH�VFKROHQ�PHW�ZHNHOLMNV�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�ELM�OHHU��HQ�YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ�LQJURHS���YDQ�KHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV �
7DEHO���� *HPLGGHOG�DDQWDO� OHHU��HQ�YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ�PHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�LQ�JURHS���YDQKHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV ��
7DEHO���� 'LGDFWLVFKH�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�YDQ�,&7�GRRU�OHUDUHQ�YDQ�JURHS�� ��
7DEHO���� 3HUFHQWDJH� OHHUNUDFKWHQ� LQ� KHW� EDVLVRQGHUZLMV� GDW� ]HOI� JHEUXLNW� PDDNW� YDQEHSDDOGH�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�YRRU�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�RI�OHHUOLQJHQ�HU�PHH�LQ�DDQUDNLQJ�EUHQJW ��
7DEHO���� ,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�GRRU�OHUDUHQ�HQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�YDQ�JURHS�� ��
7DEHO���� 2PYDQJ�YDQ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�GRRU�OHUDUHQ�HQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�YDQ�JURHS�� ��
7DEHO���� /RFDWLHV�GLH�ELM�WHQPLQVWH�GH�KHOIW�YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�]LMQ�XLWJHUXVW�PHW�FRPSXWHUV�GLHOHHUOLQJHQ�XLW�JURHS���JHEUXLNHQ ��
7DEHO���� ,QYRHULQJVVWDGLXP�YDQ�,&7�RS�VFKRRO�YROJHQV�GH�,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU ��
7DEHO���� $DQWDO�YDNNHQ�PHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�YROJHQV�OHHUOLQJHQ�XLW�JURHS�� ��
7DEHO����� 3HUFHQWDJH�OHHUOLQJHQ�GDW�YDNHU�GDQ�WZHH�NHHU�SHU�MDDU�GH�FRPSXWHU�YRRU�EHSDDOGH,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�JHEUXLNW ��
7DEHO����� 3HUFHQWDJH�VFKROHQ�PHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�YRRU�DGPLQLVWUDWLHYH�GRHOHLQGHQ ��
7DEHO���� %HVFKLNEDDUKHLG�YDQ�FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU�XLWJHGUXNW�LQ�DDQWDO�FRPSXWHUV ��
7DEHO���� %HVFKLNEDDUKHLG� YDQ� FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU� XLWJHGUXNW� LQ� YHUKRXGLQJ� WRW� DDQWDOOHHUOLQJHQ ��
7DEHO���� %HVFKLNEDDUKHLG�YDQ�FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU�XLWJHVSOLWVW�QDDU�VFKRROJURRWWH ��
7DEHO���� /HHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR�LQ�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�DQGHUH�ODQGHQ ��
7DEHO���� 7\SHQ�FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU ��
7DEHO���� 2YHU]LFKW�YDQ�VSHFLILHNH�FRPSXWHUNHQPHUNHQ ��
7DEHO���� %HVFKLNEDDUKHLG�YDQ�UDQGDSSDUDWXXU ��
7DEHO���� 1HWZHUNDDQVOXLWLQJHQ�HQ�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ�YRRU�H[WHUQH�FRPPXQLFDWLH ��
7DEHO���� 2YHU]LFKW� YDQ� XLWVSUDNHQ� EHWUHIIHQGH� KHW� EHODQJ� YDQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW� YDQEDVLVVFKROHQ ��
7DEHO���� ,&7�EHOHLGVGRHOVWHOOLQJHQ�HQ�GH�PDWH�YDQ�UHDOLVDWLH�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�DGPLQLVWUDWLHHQ�EHKHHU ��
7DEHO���� ,&7�EHOHLGVGRHOVWHOOLQJHQ� HQ� GH� PDWH� YDQ� UHDOLVDWLH� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� LQULFKWLQJRQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV ��
7DEHO���� ,&7�EHOHLGVGRHOVWHOOLQJHQ�HQ�GH�PDWH�YDQ�UHDOLVDWLH�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�FRPPXQLFDWLHHQ�LQIRUPDWLHYRRU]LHQLQJ ��
7DEHO���� ,&7�EHOHLGVGRHOVWHOOLQJHQ� HQ�GH�PDWH� YDQ� UHDOLVDWLH� RS�KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� VFKROLQJ� HQRQGHUVWHXQLQJ ��
7DEHO���� 8LWJDYHQ�SHU�MDDU�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7 ��
7DEHO���� 0HQLQJ�YDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�XLW�JURHS���RYHU�XLWVSUDNHQ�GLH�EHKRUHQ�WRW�GH�DWWLWXGHVFKDDOSOH]LHU ��
2YHU]LFKW YDQ ILJXUHQ HQ WDEHOOHQ YLL
7DEHO���� 0HQLQJ�YDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�XLW�JURHS���RYHU�XLWVSUDNHQ�GLH�EHKRUHQ�WRW�GH�DWWLWXGHVFKDDOUHOHYDQWLH ��
7DEHO���� 0HQLQJ�YDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�XLW�JURHS���RYHU�XLWVSUDNHQ�GLH�EHKRUHQ�WRW�GH�DWWLWXGHVFKDDORQGHUVWHXQLQJ�GRRU�RXGHUV ��
7DEHO���� 9HUVFKLOOHQ�WXVVHQ�MRQJHQV�HQ�PHLVMHV ��
7DEHO���� :DW�OHHUOLQJHQ�XLW�JURHS���]RQGHU�KXOS�RS�GH�FRPSXWHU�NXQQHQ ��
7DEHO���� 2QGHUVWHXQLQJ� YDQ� JURHSHULQJHQ� YRRU� YHUVFKLOOHQGH� JHELHGHQ� YDQ� KHW� ,&7�LQYRHULQJVSURFHV ��
7DEHO���� ,&7�JHELHGHQ�ZDDURS�VFKROHQ�PHW�HONDDU�VDPHQZHUNHQ ��
7DEHO���� .QHOSXQWHQ�ELM�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV ��
7DEHO���� .QHOSXQWHQ�ELM�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV ��
7DEHO���� 3HUFHQWDJH� OHHUNUDFKWHQ�PHW� VFKROLQJVEHKRHIWH� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJFRPSXWHUJHEUXLN ��
7DEHO���� 3HUFHQWDJH�OHHUNUDFKWHQ�PHW�VFKROLQJVEHKRHIWH�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�PRGHUQH�WHFKQRORJLH ��
7DEHO���� 3HUFHQWDJH� OHHUNUDFKWHQ� PHW� VFKROLQJVEHKRHIWH� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� QLHW�RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJH�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN ��
7DEHO���� 3HUFHQWDJH�VFKROHQ�PHW�ZHNHOLMNV�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�ELM�OHHU��HQ�YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ�LQJURHS���YDQ�KHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV ��
7DEHO���� *HPLGGHOG�DDQWDO� OHHU��HQ�YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ�PHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�LQ�JURHS���YDQKHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV ��
7DEHO���� 'LGDFWLVFKH�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�YDQ�,&7�GRRU�OHUDUHQ�YDQ�JURHS�� ��
7DEHO���� ,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�GRRU�OHUDUHQ�HQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�YDQ�JURHS�� ��
7DEHO���� 2PYDQJ�YDQ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�GRRU�OHUDUHQ�HQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�YDQ�JURHS�� ��
7DEHO���� /RFDWLHV�GLH�ELM�WHQPLQVWH�GH�KHOIW�YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�]LMQ�XLWJHUXVW�PHW�FRPSXWHUV�GLHOHHUOLQJHQ�XLW�JURHS���JHEUXLNHQ ��
7DEHO���� 3HUFHQWDJH�OHHUOLQJHQ�GDW�YDNHU�GDQ�WZHH�NHHU�SHU�MDDU�GH�FRPSXWHU�YRRU�EHSDDOGH,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�JHEUXLNW ��
7DEHO���� ,QYRHULQJVVWDGLXP�YDQ�,&7�YROJHQV�GH�,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU ��
7DEHO���� 3HUFHQWDJH�VFKROHQ�PHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�YRRU�DGPLQLVWUDWLHYH�GRHOHLQGHQ ��
7DEHO����� %HVFKLNEDDUKHLG�YDQ�FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU ��
7DEHO����� 7\SHQ�FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU ��
7DEHO����� %HVFKLNEDDUKHLG�YDQ�UDQGDSSDUDWXXU ��
7DEHO����� 1HWZHUNDDQVOXLWLQJHQ�HQ�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ�YRRU�H[WHUQH�FRPPXQLFDWLH ��
7DEHO����� 8LWJDYHQ�SHU�MDDU�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7 ��
7DEHO����� 2QGHUVWHXQLQJ� GRRU� JURHSHULQJHQ� RS� YHUVFKLOOHQGH� JHELHGHQ� YDQ� KHW� ,&7�LQYRHULQJVSURFHV ��
7DEHO����� $VSHFWHQ� YDQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMVOHHUSURFHV� GLH� YROJHQV� OHHUNUDFKWHQ� GRRU� QLHXZHSURJUDPPDWXXU�RQGHUVWHXQG�PRHWHQ�ZRUGHQ ��
7DEHO����� 6FKROLQJVEHKRHIWHQ�YDQ�OHUDUHQ ��
7DEHO����� ,&7�WUHQGV�ZDDUYDQ�VFKROHQ�YHHO�YHUZDFKWHQ�YRRU�KHW�HLJHQ�RQGHUZLMV ��
YLLL ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
&RQWH[W HQ RS]HW YDQ GH ,&7�PRQLWRU �
�� CONTEXT EN OPZET VAN DE ICT-MONITOR
'H]H�UDSSRUWDJH�JHHIW�HHQ�RYHU]LFKW�YDQ�GH�DDUG�HQ�GH�RPYDQJ�YDQ�,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�LQKHW� EDVLVRQGHUZLMV�� +HW� EHWUHIW� HHQ� VWDQG�YDQ�]DNHQ� RYHU]LFKW� GDW� JHEDVHHUG� LV� RSJHJHYHQV� GLH� WHQ� EHKRHYH� YDQ� GH� ,&7�PRQLWRU� ELM� HHQ� VWHHNSURHI� YDQ� EDVLVVFKROHQ� ]LMQYHU]DPHOG��'H�UHVXOWDWHQ�KHEEHQ�YRRUQDPHOLMN�EHWUHNNLQJ�RS�GH� WZHHGH�PRQLWRUPHWLQJGLH�LQ�KHW�VFKRROMDDU�����������LV�XLWJHYRHUG��2P�RQWZLNNHOLQJHQ�LQ�GH�WLMG�]LFKWEDDUWH�PDNHQ��ZRUGHQ�GDDUQDDVW�JHJHYHQV�JHSUHVHQWHHUG�GLH�LQ�HHUGHUH�RQGHU]RHNHQ�QDDU�KHWJHEUXLN�YDQ�,&7�]LMQ�YHU]DPHOG�
+HW�HHUVWH�KRRIGVWXN�EHYDW�QDGHUH�LQIRUPDWLH�RYHU�GH�EHWHNHQLV�HQ�GH�RS]HW�YDQ�GH�,&7�PRQLWRU��$OOHUHHUVW� ZRUGW� LQ� SDUDJUDDI� ���� GH� FRQWH[W� YDQ� GH� ,&7�PRQLWRU� YRRU� KHWLQYRHULQJVSURFHV�YDQ�,&7�LQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�QDGHU� WRHJHOLFKW��'DDUQD�YROJW� LQ�SDUDJUDDI���� HHQ� VFKHWV� YDQ� KHW� FRQFHSWXHHO� UDDPZHUN� GDW� WHQ� JURQGVODJ� OLJW� DDQ� GH� JHJHYHQV�YHU]DPHOLQJ�YDQ�GH�,&7�PRQLWRU��3DUDJUDDI�����EHYDW�JHJHYHQV�RYHU�GLYHUVH�PHWKRGROR�JLVFKH�DVSHFWHQ�YDQ�GH�JHJHYHQVYHU]DPHOLQJ�]RDOV�GH�RPYDQJ�YDQ�GH�VWHHNSURHI��GH�JHUHDOL�VHHUGH�UHVSRQV�HQ�GH�UHSUHVHQWDWLYLWHLW�YDQ�GH�UHVXOWDWHQ��'LW�KRRIGVWXN�VOXLW�DI�PHW�HHQOHHVZLM]HU�������YRRU�GH�RYHULJH�KRRIGVWXNNHQ�
1.1 Context
+HW� PLQLVWHULH� YDQ� 2QGHUZLMV�� &XOWXXU� HQ� :HWHQVFKDSSHQ� KHHIW� LQ� ����� KHW� DFWLHSODQ,QYHVWHUHQ� LQ� YRRUVSURQJ� �02&:�� ������ JHSUHVHQWHHUG�� 'LW� SODQ� KHHIW� HHQ� YHUYROJJHNUHJHQ�PHW�GH�QRWD�2QGHUZLMV�RQ�OLQH��02&:���������%HLGH�QRWDV�EHRJHQ�KHW�JHEUXLNYDQ� ,QIRUPDWLH�� HQ�&RPPXQLFDWLH7HFKQRORJLH� �,&7�� WH� VWLPXOHUHQ� LQ�GH� VHFWRUHQ�EDVLV�RQGHUZLMV�� YRRUWJH]HW� RQGHUZLMV�� EHURHSVRQGHUZLMV� � YROZDVVHQHQHGXFDWLH� HQ� OHUDUHQ�RSOHLGLQJHQ��2QGDQNV� GH� YHUVFKLOOHQGH� ,&7�VWLPXOHULQJVSURMHFWHQ� GLH� YDQDI� EHJLQ� MDUHQ���LQ�GH]H�RQGHUZLMVVHFWRUHQ�]LMQ�XLWJHYRHUG��ZRUGW�LQ�EHLGH�QRWDV�JHSOHLW�YRRU�DDQKRX�GHQGH�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�ELM�GH�LQYRHULQJ�YDQ�,&7�LQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV��'HUJHOLMNH�RQGHUVWHXQLQJLV�QRRG]DNHOLMN�YDQZHJH�GH�VQHOOH�RSHHQYROJLQJ�YDQ�YHUDQGHULQJHQ�GLH�]LFK�YRRUGRHQ� LQGH� VDPHQOHYLQJ��9HHO�YDQ�GH]H�YHUDQGHULQJHQ�KDQJHQ�QDXZ� VDPHQ�PHW�GH�RQWZLNNHOLQJYDQ�HHQ�LQGXVWULsOH�PDDWVFKDSSLM�QDDU�HHQ�LQIRUPDWLHPDDWVFKDSSLM��,Q�GH�LQIRUPDWLHPDDW�VFKDSSLM� VWDDW� GH� SURGXFWLH� YDQ�JRHGHUHQ�QLHW� ODQJHU� YRRURS��PDDU� EHKRRUW� KHW� NXQQHQRPJDDQ� PHW� LQIRUPDWLH�� HQ� FRPPXQLFDWLHWHFKQRORJLH� WRW� ppQ� YDQ� GH� EHODQJULMNVWHYDDUGLJKHGHQ��'H]H�RQWZLNNHOLQJ�PDDNW� KHW� QRRG]DNHOLMN� GDW� ELQQHQ�KHW� RQGHUZLMV� YHHODDQGDFKW�ZRUGW�EHVWHHG�DDQ�KHW�RPJDDQ�PHW�,&7��'DDUELM� LV� ,&7�QLHW� DOOHHQ�REMHFW�YDQRQGHUZLMV�PDDU�RRN�HHQ�EHODQJULMN�KXOSPLGGHO�YRRU�KHW�YHUEHWHUHQ�YDQ�GH�HIIHFWLYLWHLW�HQGH�NZDOLWHLW�YDQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�'H� QRWD� 2QGHUZLMV� RQ� /LQH� EHVFKULMIW� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� ,&7� GH� EHOHLGVGRHOHQ� HQ� GHEHVWXXUOLMNH�DDQSDN�YDQ�GH�RYHUKHLG�YRRU�GH�SHULRGH������������2P�YDVW�WH�VWHOOHQ�RI�GHODQJHUH�WHUPLMQGRHOVWHOOLQJHQ�JHKDDOG�ZRUGHQ��LV�WXVVHQWLMGVH�LQIRUPDWLH�RYHU�GH�YRRUWJDQJYDQ� KHW� LQYRHULQJVSURFHV� YDQ� JURRW� EHODQJ�� +HW� 2QGHU]RHN� &HQWUXP� YDQ� 7RHJHSDVWH2QGHUZLMVNXQGH��2&72��YDQ�GH�8QLYHUVLWHLW�7ZHQWH� LV�JHYUDDJG�RP�GH�RQWZLNNHOLQJHQRS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7�ELQQHQ�KHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV��KHW�YRRUWJH]HW�RQGHUZLMV��KHW�EHURHSV�RQGHUZLMV�HQ�YROZDVVHQHQHGXFDWLH�HQ�GH�OHUDUHQRSOHLGLQJHQ�MDDUOLMNV�LQ�NDDUW�WH�EUHQJHQ��,QKHW�VFKRROMDDU�����������KHHIW�KLHUYRRU�GH�HHUVWH�PHWLQJ�SODDWVJHYRQGHQ��'H� UHVXOWDWHQ
� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
YDQ�GH�HHUVWH�PHWLQJ�]LMQ�HLQG������JHSXEOLFHHUG��7HQ�%UXPPHOKXLV���������+HW�YRRUOLJ�JHQGH�UDSSRUW�EHWUHIW�GH�UDSSRUWDJH�RYHU�GH�WZHHGH�PHWLQJ�'RRU�PLGGHO�YDQ�V\VWHPDWLVFKH�JHJHYHQVYHU]DPHOLQJHQ�ZRUGHQ�GH�RQWZLNNHOLQJHQ�RS�KHWJHELHG� YDQ� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� LQ� NDDUW� JHEUDFKW�� 'LW� V\VWHHP� YDQ� SHULRGLHNH� JHJHYHQV�YHU]DPHOLQJHQ� ZRUGW� GH� ,&7�PRQLWRU� JHQRHPG�� 'H� UHVXOWDWHQ� YDQ� GH� ,&7�PRQLWRUELHGHQ�HHQ�RYHU]LFKW�YDQ�GH�DFWXHOH�VWDQG�YDQ�]DNHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLNLQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV�� 9HUGHU� LV� GH� ,&7�PRQLWRU� HHQ� KXOSPLGGHO� ELM� KHW� YROJHQ� YDQ� GHYHUDQGHULQJVSURFHVVHQ� GLH� RS� JDQJ� NRPHQ� ]RGUD� FRPSXWHUV� YRRU� RQGHU ZLMVGRHOHLQGHQZRUGHQ� JHEUXLNW�� 'H� UHVXOWDWHQ� YDQ� GH� ,&7�PRQLWRU� ELHGHQ� GH� PRJHOLMN KHLG� RP� KHWKXLGLJH�EHOHLG�WHQ�DDQ]LHQ�YDQ�,&7�WH�HYDOXHUHQ�HQ�YHUVFKDIW�GDDUQDDVW�RRN�LQGLFDWLHV�YRRUKHW�WH�YRHUHQ�EHOHLG��'DDUPHH�LV�GH�,&7�PRQLWRU�HHQ�NUDFKWLJH�EURQ�YDQ�JHJHYHQV��GLH�DOVEDVLV� NDQ�GLHQHQ� YRRU� DFWLHV� RI� LQWHUYHQWLHV�� ,Q� ILJXXU� ���� LV� GH� ,&7�PRQLWRU� JHSRVLWLR�QHHUG�ELQQHQ�GH�FRQWH[W�YDQ�HHQ�EHOHLGVF\FOXV�
)LJXXU ���,&7�PRQLWRU JHSRVLWLRQHHUG LQ HHQ EHOHLGVF\FOXV
1.2 Conceptueel model
1DDVW�KHW�EHVFKULMYHQ�YDQ�GH�DFWXHOH�VWDQG�YDQ�]DNHQ��ELHGW�GH�,&7�PRQLWRU�RRN�LQ]LFKW�LQGH� IDFWRUHQ� GLH� KHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� ,&7� LQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� EHOHPPHUHQ� RI� EHYRUGHUHQ�� (HQJRHG�LQ]LFKW� LQ�GH�VDPHQKDQJ�WXVVHQ�EHwQYORHGHQGH�IDFWRUHQ� LV�YDQ�HVVHQWLHHO�EHODQJ�ELMGH�NHX]H�YDQ�VWLPXOHULQJVPDDWUHJHOHQ�+HW�FRQFHSWXHHO�PRGHO�GDW�WHQ�JURQGVODJ�OLJW�DDQ�GH�DQDO\VH�YDQ�EHwQYORHGHQGH�IDFWRUHQ�LVWRHJHSDVW� LQ� HHUGHUH� VWXGLHV� �7HQ� %UXPPHOKXLV�� ������ -DQVVHQ� 5HLQHQ�� ������� ,Q� GH]HVWXGLHV� ZRUGW� RQGHUVFKHLG� JHPDDNW� WXVVHQ� GH� YROJHQGH� YLHU� FOXVWHUV� YDQ� LQGLFDWRUHQ�ILJXXU������
)LJXXU ���&RQFHSWXHHO PRGHO YDQ GH ,&7�PRQLWRU
EHOHLGVGRHO
,&7�PRQLWRU
HYDOXDWLH HQ UHIOHFWLH
RRU]DNHQ YDQ VXFFHV�IDOHQ
LQWHUYHQWLHV
([RJHQHLQGLFDWRUHQ
(QGRJHQHDGRSWLH
LQGLFDWRUHQ
(QGRJHQHLPSOHPHQWDWLHLQGLFDWRUHQ
,PSOHPHQWDWLHXLWNRPVWHQ
&RQWH[W HQ RS]HW YDQ GH ,&7�PRQLWRU �
([RJHQH� LQGLFDWRUHQ�� LQGLFDWRUHQ� GLH� QLHW� RI� QDXZHOLMNV� GRRU� HHQ� LQGLYLGXHOH� VFKRRO� WHEHwQYORHGHQ�]LMQ�]RDOV�VRFLDDO�HFRQRPLVFKH�VWDWXV�YDQ�GH�OHHUOLQJSRSXODWLH�HQ�GH�ILQDQFLsOHPLGGHOHQ�GLH�GH�RYHUKHLG�DDQ�VFKROHQ�EHVFKLNEDDU�VWHOW�
(QGRJHQH� DGRSWLH�LQGLFDWRUHQ�� LQGLFDWRUHQ� JHUHODWHHUG� DDQ� GH� DGRSWLHIDVH� YDQ� KHWYHUQLHXZLQJVSURFHV�GLH�GRRU�GH�VFKRRO�]HOI�WH�EHwQYORHGHQ�]LMQ��ELMYRRUEHHOG�GH�DDQZH]LJH,&7�LQIUDVWUXFWXXU�HQ�SHUFHSWLHV�YDQ�OHUDUHQ�RYHU�,&7�
(QGRJHQH� LPSOHPHQWDWLH�LQGLFDWRUHQ�� LQGLFDWRUHQ�GLH�YDQ�EHODQJ�]LMQ�YRRU�KHW�GDDGZHUNHOLMN� LQGH�SUDNWLMN�UHDOLVHUHQ�YDQ�GH�EHRRJGH�,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�]RDOV�KHW�VFKRROEHOHLG�HQ�LQWHUQHGHVNXQGLJKHLGVEHYRUGHULQJ�
,PSOHPHQWDWLH�XLWNRPVWHQ��LQGLFDWRUHQ�GLH�EHWUHNNLQJ�KHEEHQ�RS�GH�DDUG�HQ�RPYDQJ�YDQ�KHWFRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�LQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV��+LHUELM�VWDDW�FHQWUDDO�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�DOVKXOSPLGGHO��PHGLXP��ELM�KHW�JHYHQ�YDQ�RQGHUZLMV��'H�RPYDQJ�YDQ�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLNYHUZLMVW� QDDU� NZDQWLWDWLHYH� DVSHFWHQ� ]RDOV� KHW� DDQWDO� NHUHQ� GDW� GH� FRPSXWHUV� ZRUGHQJHEUXLNW�� 'H� DDUG� YDQ� KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� KHHIW� EHWUHNNLQJ� RS� GH� NZDOLWHLW� YDQ� KHWFRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�YRRU�GH�LQULFKWLQJ�YDQ�RQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV�HQ�JHHIW�LQIRUPDWLH�RYHU�GHPDQLHU�ZDDURS�GH�FRPSXWHU�ZRUGW� LQJH]HW�YRRU�RQGHUZLM]HQ� HQ� OHUHQ��'DDUQDDVW�ZRUGWRRN�DDQGDFKW�EHVWHHG�DDQ�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ� ,&7�DOV�REMHFW� YDQ�RQGHUZLMV� �EY�� OHUHQ�RYHU,&7�LQ�DSDUWH�OHVXUHQ�LQIRUPDWLFD��
1.3 Opzet
,Q� GH]H� SDUDJUDDI� NRPW� HHQ� DDQWDO� PHWKRGRORJLVFKH� DVSHFWHQ� YDQ� GH� ,&7�PRQLWRU� DDQERG��$FKWHUHHQYROJHQV�ZRUGW�LQ�JHJDDQ�RS�GH�PDQLHUHQ�YDQ�JHJHYHQVYHU]DPHOLQJ��VXUYH\HQ�JHYDOVVWXGLHV���GH�SURFHGXUH�YDQ�VWHHNSURHIWUHNNLQJ�HQ�GH�JHUHDOLVHHUGH�UHVSRQV�
Surveys en gevalsstudies
'H� WZHHGH� PHWLQJ� LQ� KHW� NDGHU� YDQ� GH� ,&7�PRQLWRU� LV� LQ� KHW� VFKRROMDDU� ���������XLWJHYRHUG��*HJHYHQV�]LMQ�YHU]DPHOG�LQ�GH�VHFWRUHQ�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV��YRRUWJH]HW�RQGHUZLMV�EHURHSVRQGHUZLMV��YROZDVVHQHQHGXFDWLH�� GH� OHUDUHQRSOHLGLQJHQ� HQ�KHW� ODQGERXZRQGHU�ZLMV��'DDUELM�LV�JHEUXLN�JHPDDNW�YDQ�GH�YROJHQGH�YUDJHQOLMVWHQ�� EHOHLGVYUDJHQOLMVW��HHQ�YUDJHQOLMVW�LQ�WH�YXOOHQ�GRRU�LHPDQG��GLH�JRHG�RS�GH�KRRJWH�LV�YDQ
KHW�,&7�EHOHLG�RS�VFKRRO�� WHFKQLVFKH�YUDJHQOLMVW��HHQ�YUDJHQOLMVW� LQ�WH�YXOOHQ�GRRU�LHPDQG��GLH�JRHG�RS�GH�KRRJWH� LV
YDQ�GH�DDQZH]LJH�LQIUDVWUXFWXXU�RS�VFKRRO�� OHHUNUDFKWYUDJHQOLMVW��HHQ�YUDJHQOLMVW�LQ�WH�YXOOHQ�GRRU�GH�OHHUNUDFKW�GRFHQW�GLH�LQIRUPDWLH
NDQ�YHUVFKDIIHQ�RYHU�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�ELQQHQ�GH�JHVHOHFWHHUGH�NODV�� OHHUOLQJYUDJHQOLMVW�� HHQ� YUDJHQOLMVW� LQ� WH� YXOOHQ� GRRU� GH� OHHUOLQJHQ�VWXGHQWHQ� RYHU� KXQ
PHQLQJ�WHQ�DDQ]LHQ�YDQ�,&7�'H� LQVWUXPHQWHQ� ]LMQ� JHEXQGHOG� LQ�HHQ� DI]RQGHUOLMNH�SXEOLFDWLH� �7HQ�%UXPPHOKXLV�� H�D��������HQ�GDDUQDDVW�RRN�EHVFKLNEDDU�DOV�HOHNWURQLVFKH�EHVWDQGHQ�GLH�WH�GRZQORDGHQ�]LMQ�YLDGH�ZHE�VLWH�YDQ�GH�,&7�PRQLWRU��ZZZ�LFWPRQLWRU�QO���'H�VXUYH\�JHJHYHQV�]LMQ�DDQJHYXOGPHW� ]HVWLHQ� YHUGLHSHQGH� JHYDOVVWXGLHV�� ,Q� HON� YDQ� GH� VHFWRUHQ� ]LMQ� YLHU� JHYDOVVWXGLHVXLWJHYRHUG��'H�JHYDOVVWXGLHV�KHEEHQ� JHUHVXOWHHUG� LQ� EHVFKULMYLQJHQ�RYHU� KHW� LQYRHULQJV�SURFHV� HQ� KHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� ,&7� RS� VFKROHQ�� 'H]H� YRRUEHHOGHQ� YDQ� ,&7�JHEUXLN� ]LMQJHEXQGHOG�LQ�HHQ�DI]RQGHUOLMNH�UDSSRUWDJH��0HHOLVVHQ��H�D���������
� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
De steekproef
'H�VWHHNSURHISURFHGXUH�GLH� LQ�GH�,&7�PRQLWRU� LV�JHKDQWHHUG��JHHIW�HONH�EDVLVVFKRRO�HHQWUHNNLQJVNDQV�GLH�RYHUHHQNRPW�PHW�GH�SURSRUWLH�OHHUOLQJHQ�YDQ�GH�EHWUHIIHQGH�VFKRRO�WHQRS]LFKWH� YDQ� GH� JHKHOH� SRSXODWLH� EDVLVVFKRROOHHUOLQJHQ�� ,Q� KHW� WRWDDO� ]LMQ� YROJHQV� GH]HSURFHGXUH�����EDVLVVFKROHQ�JHVHOHFWHHUG��'DDUDDQ�WRHJHYRHJG�]LMQ�GH�]RJHQRHPGH�YRRU�KRHGHVFKROHQ��+HW�EHWUHIW�LQ�WRWDDO����YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�GLH�QLHW�RS�EDVLV�YDQ�WRHYDO�]LMQJHVHOHFWHHUG�
9RRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�KHEEHQ�LQ�KHW�VFKRROMDDU�����������ELM�KHW�0LQLVWHULH�YDQ�2QGHUZLMV�&XOWXXU�HQ�:HWHQVFKDSSHQ�HHQ�SODQ�LQJHGLHQG�ZDDULQ�LV�DDQJHJHYHQ�RS�ZHONH�PDQLHU�]LM,&7� LQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV�ZLOOHQ� LQWHJUHUHQ��'H]H� ]RUJYXOGLJ� JHVHOHFWHHUGH� JURHS� YDQ� YRRU�KRHGHVFKROHQ� KHHIW� YDQ� RYHUKHLGVZHJH� H[WUD� ILQDQFLsOH� PLGGHOHQ� RQWYDQJHQ� YRRU� GHXLWYRHULQJ� YDQ� KXQ� ,&7�SODQQHQ�� 'H� JHJHYHQV� YDQ� GH� WRHJHYRHJGH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQPDNHQ�JHHQ�GHHO�XLW�YDQ�GH�SRSXODWLHVWDWLVWLHNHQ�YRRU�KHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV��5HVXOWDWHQ�YDQGH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�ZRUGHQ�LQ�KRRIGVWXN���JHSUHVHQWHHUG��'DW�KRRIGVWXN�VWDDW�JHKHHO�LQKHW�WHNHQ�YDQ�GH�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�WXVVHQ�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�HQ�GH�RYHULJH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�
Respons
%LQQHQ�KHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV�KHHIW�����YDQ�GH�RRUVSURQNHOLMNH�VWHHNSURHI�YDQ�VFKROHQ�]LFKEHUHLG� YHUNODDUG� RP� KHW� JHKHOH� LQVWUXPHQWDULXP� YDQ� GH� ,&7�PRQLWRU� LQ� WH� YXOOHQ�� 'HGHHOQDPHEHUHLGKHLG�RQGHU�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�LV�����9RRU�KHW�YDVWVWHOOHQ�YDQ�GH�UHSUHVHQWDWLYLWHLW�YDQ�GH�JHJHYHQV�GLH�LQ�GH�,&7�PRQLWRU�]LMQYHU]DPHOG�� GLHQW� GH� YUDDJ� WH� ZRUGHQ� EHDQWZRRUG� RI� KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� ELQQHQ� GHGHHOQHPHQGH�VFKROHQ��YHUVFKLOW�YDQ�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�RS�VFKROHQ�GLH�QLHW�DDQ�GH�,&7�PRQLWRU�PHHGRHQ��2P�GH]H�YUDDJ�WH�NXQQHQ�EHDQWZRRUGHQ�LV�DOOH�JHVHOHFWHHUGH�VFKROHQ�RRN�GHJHQH�GLH�QLHW�EHUHLG�]LMQ�GH�YHUVFKLOOHQGH�YUDJHQOLMVWHQ�YRRU�GH�,&7�PRQLWRU� LQ�WHYXOOHQ��JHYUDDJG�RP�YLD�HHQ�]RJHQRHPGH�VFUHHQLQJ�VXUYH\�JHJHYHQV�EHVFKLNEDDU�WH�VWHOOHQRYHU�GH�PDWH�YDQ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� LQ� HON�YDQ�GH� JURHSHQ�ELQQHQ�GH� EDVLVVFKRRO��'H]HJHJHYHQV�]LMQ�GRRU�����YDQ�GH�JHVHOHFWHHUGH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�EHVFKLNEDDU�JHVWHOG��2S�EDVLVYDQ�GH]H�VFUHHQLQJ�JHJHYHQV�NDQ�ZRUGHQ�JHFRQFOXGHHUG�GDW�HU�JHHQ��VLJQLILFDQW��YHUVFKLOLV� LQ�KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�RS� VFKROHQ�GLH� DDQ�GH� ,&7�PRQLWRU�PHHGRHQ� HQ� VFKROHQ� GLHPHGHZHUNLQJ� DDQ� GH� ,&7�PRQLWRU� KHEEHQ� JHZHLJHUG�� (U� LV� QLHW� DOOHHQ� VSUDNH� YDQHHQ]HOIGH�PDWH� YDQ� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� RS� VFKRROQLYHDX��PDDU� RRN� RS� KHW� QLYHDX� YDQ� GHOHHUMDUHQ�LV�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�YHUJHOLMNEDDU��9HUGHU�EOLMNW�XLW�DQDO\VHV�YDQ�DFKWHUJURQG�YDULDEHOHQ�� ]RDOV� VFKRROJURRWWH�� GHQRPLQDWLH� HQ� XUEDQLVDWLHJUDDG�� GDW� HU� RRN� RS� GH]HDVSHFWHQ� JHHQ� VSUDNH� LV� YDQ� V\VWHPDWLVFKH� YHUWHNHQLQJ� YDQ� GH� UHVXOWDWHQ� GRRU� QRQ�UHVSRQV�� 'H]H� EHYLQGLQJHQ� ]LMQ� DDQOHLGLQJ� RP� WH� FRQFOXGHUHQ� GDW� GH� QDYROJHQGHUHVXOWDWHQ�HHQ�UHSUHVHQWDWLHI�EHHOG�VFKHWVHQ�YDQ�GH�VHFWRU�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV�
8LW�KHW�RYHU]LFKW�YDQ�KHW�DDQWDO�YHUVWXXUGH�HQ�JHUHWRXUQHHUGH�YUDJHQOLMVWHQ��WDEHO�����EOLMNW�GDW�YRRU�HON�W\SH�YUDJHQOLMVW�GH�UHVSRQV�ELMQD�����SURFHQW�RI�KRJHU� LV��9HUGHUKHHIW� ���� YDQ� GH� VFKROHQ� DOOH� YLHU� W\SHQ� YUDJHQOLMVWHQ� YROOHGLJ� LQJHYXOG�� 'H]HUHVSRQV� LV� WRHUHLNHQG� RP� YRRU� KHW� EDVLVRQGHUZLMV� SRSXODWLHVWDWLVWLHNHQ� WH� NXQQHQEHUHNHQHQ� GLH� YROGRHQ� DDQ� GH� VWDWLVWLVFKH� HLVHQ� YDQ� EHWURXZEDDUKHLG� HQQDXZNHXULJKHLG�
&RQWH[W HQ RS]HW YDQ GH ,&7�PRQLWRU �
7DEHO ���2YHU]LFKW YDQ KHW DDQWDO YHUVWXXUGH HQ JHUHWRXUQHHUGH YUDJHQOLMVWHQ
YHUVWXXUG
QDDU DDQWDO VFKROHQ DDQWDO LQJHYXOG JHUHWRXUQHHUG
VWHHNSURHI
WRHJHYRHJGH
YRRUKRHGH�
VFKROHQ
WRWDDO
VWHHNSURHI
WRHJHYRHJGH
YRRUKRHGH�
VFKROHQ
WRWDDO
,&7�PRQLWRU Q Q Q Q � Q � Q �
%HOHLGVYUDJHQOLMVW ��� �� ��� ��� �� �� �� ��� ��
7HFKQLVFKH
YUDJHQOLMVW ��� �� ��� ��� �� �� �� ��� ��
/HHUNUDFKWYUDJHQ�
OLMVW JURHS � ��� �� ��� ��� �� �� �� ��� ��
/HHUOLQJYUDJHQOLMVW
JURHS � ��� �� ��� ��� �� �� �� ��� ��
+HW YHUPHOGH DDQWDO YHUZLMVW QDDU NODVVHQ PHW OHHUOLQJHQ XLW JURHS �� ,Q WRWDDO KHEEHQ ���� OHHUOLQJHQ HHQ YUDJHQOLMVWLQJHYXOG
1.4 Leeswijzer
'H�YRRUOLJJHQGH�UDSSRUWDJH�KHHIW�EHWUHNNLQJ�RS�GH�VXUYH\�UHVXOWDWHQ�YDQ�KHW�EDVLVRQGHU�ZLMV� RYHU� KHW� VFKRROMDDU� ����������� +HW� VFKRROMDDU� ���������� ZRUGW� LQ� KHW� YHUYROJDDQJHGXLG�PHW�KHW�MDDUWDO������,Q� KHW� EDVLVRQGHUZLMV� ]LMQ� VLQGV� GH� LQWURGXFWLH� YDQ� FRPSXWHUV� YHUVFKLOOHQGH� VXUYH\�RQGHU]RHNHQ� XLWJHYRHUG��9RRU� KHW� EDVLVRQGHUZLMV� NRPW� GH� WZHHGH�PHWLQJ� YDQ� GH� ,&7�PRQLWRU�RYHUHHQ�PHW�GH�]HVGH�PHWLQJ�LQ�HHQ�UHHNV�YDQ�RQGHU]RHNHQ�QDDU�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ,&7��2P�GH�KXLGLJH�VLWXDWLH� LQ�KHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV� WH�NXQQHQ�SODDWVHQ� LQ�HHQ�SHUVSHFWLHIYDQ�RQWZLNNHOLQJHQ�LQ�GH�WLMG�]XOOHQ�GDDURP�ELQQHQ�GH]H�UDSSRUWDJH�RRN�JHJHYHQV�XLW�GHHHUGHUH�PHWLQJHQ�ZRUGHQ�JHSUHVHQWHHUG��'LW�ORQJLWXGLQDOH�SHUVSHFWLHI�LV�YDQ�EHODQJ�RP�GHDFWXHOH�VLWXDWLH�WH�NXQQHQ�EHJULMSHQ�DOV�HHQ�VWDGLXP�LQ�HHQ�YHUDQGHULQJVSURFHV�
,Q�KHW�YROJHQGH�KRRIGVWXN�ZRUGW�HHQ�RYHU]LFKW�JHJHYHQ�YDQ�KHW�KXLGLJH�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�'DDUELM� ZRUGW� LQJHJDDQ� RS� YHUVFKLOOHQGH� DVSHFWHQ� YDQ� KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� ]RDOV� KHWDDQWDO�OHHUNUDFKWHQ�GDW�FRPSXWHUV�JHEUXLNW��GH�IUHTXHQWLH�YDQ�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�HQ�KHWVRRUW�FRPSXWHUWRHSDVVLQJHQ�GDW�ELM�GH�YHUVFKLOOHQGH�YDNNHQ�ZRUGW�JHEUXLNW��,Q�GLW�KRRIG�VWXN� ZRUGW� RRN� DDQGDFKW� EHVWHHG� DDQ� GH� PDWH� ZDDULQ� OHHUOLQJHQ� XLW� KHW� EDVLVRQGHUZLMVEXLWHQ�VFKRRO�LQ�DDQUDNLQJ�NRPHQ�PHW�FRPSXWHUV�
+RRIGVWXN���KHHIW�EHWUHNNLQJ�RS�GH�EHVFKLNEDUH�,&7�LQIUDVWUXFWXXU�YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�YRRUEDVLVRQGHUZLMV��'DDUELM�NRPHQ�JHJHYHQV�DDQ�ERG�RYHU�KHW�DDQWDO�FRPSXWHUV��GH�FRPSXWHU�W\SHQ�HQ�GH�SURJUDPPDWXXU�ZDDURYHU�EDVLVVFKROHQ�EHVFKLNNHQ�
+RRIGVWXN��� JDDW�RYHU�KHW�RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW�YDQ� VFKROHQ� HQ� GH� ELMGUDJH� GLH� FRPSXWHUVOHYHUHQ�DDQ�GH�UHDOLVDWLH�GDDUYDQ�LQ�GH�GDJHOLMNVH�SUDNWLMN��9HUGHU�NRPHQ�JHJHYHQV�DDQ�ERGRYHU�KHW�EHOHLG�GDW�VFKROHQ�YRHUHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7�HQ�GH�LQYHVWHULQJHQ�GLH�GDDUPHHJHPRHLG�]LMQ�
� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
+RRIGVWXN� �� JHHIW� HHQ� RYHU]LFKW� YDQ� GH� NHQQLV� HQ� YDDUGLJKHGHQ� YDQ� OHHUNUDFKWHQ� HQOHHUOLQJHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7��7HYHQV�ZRUGW�LQ�GLW�KRRIGVWXN�DDQGDFKW�EHVWHHG�DDQ�GHKRXGLQJ�YDQ�OHHUNUDFKWHQ�HQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�WHQ�DDQ]LHQ�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV�
'H� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� GLH� VFKROHQ� HQ� OHHUNUDFKWHQ�ZRUGW� JHERGHQ� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� ,&7�NRPW�DDQ�ERG�LQ�KRRIGVWXN���
+RRIGVWXN���ZHUSW�HHQ�EOLN�RS�GH�WRHNRPVW��+HW�KRRIGVWXN�RPYDW�HHQ�RYHU]LFKW�YDQ�GHRQWZLNNHOLQJHQ� GLH� GH� VFKRROGLUHFWLH� HQ� GH� OHHUNUDFKWHQ� LQ� GH� QDELMH� WRHNRPVW� LQ� KHWRQGHUZLMV�YHUZDFKWHQ�
+HW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�,&7�RS�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�ZRUGW� LQ�KRRIGVWXN���YHUJHOHNHQ�PHW�GHVLWXDWLH� YDQ� GH� DQGHUH� EDVLVVFKROHQ�� 'DDUELM� ]DO� PHW� QDPH� ZRUGHQ� LQJHJDDQ� RS� GHYHUVFKLOOHQ�WXVVHQ�EHLGH�JURHSHQ�VFKROHQ�
+HW� ODDWVWH�KRRIGVWXN�EHYDW�HHQ�VDPHQYDWWLQJ�YDQ� UHVXOWDWHQ�JHYROJG�GRRU�HHQ�GLVFXVVLHPHW�DDQEHYHOLQJHQ�YRRU�KHW�EHOHLG�
+HW KXLGLJH FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN �
�. HET HUIDIGE COMPUTERGEBRUIK
'LW� KRRIGVWXN� JHHIW� HHQ� RYHU]LFKW� YDQ� GH� JHJHYHQV� GLH� LQ� KHW� FRQFHSWXHHO�PRGHO� YDQ� GH,&7�PRQLWRU�]LMQ�DDQJHGXLG�PHW�LPSOHPHQWDWLH�XLWNRPVWHQ��'H]H�XLWNRPVWHQ�RPYDWWHQ]RZHO�GH�DDUG�DOV�GH�RPYDQJ�YDQ�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN��(HUVW�NRPW�LQ�SDUDJUDDI�����KHWFRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�DDQ�ERG�]RDOV�GDW�RS�EDVLVVFKROHQ�ZRUGW�JHUHDOLVHHUG��'LW�RYHU]LFKW�LVJHEDVHHUG�RS�JHJHYHQV�GLH�DINRPVWLJ�]LMQ�YDQ�UHVSHFWLHYHOLMN�GH�OHHUNUDFKW�YDQ�JURHS����GHFRPSXWHUFR|UGLQDWRU�HQ�GH�GLUHFWLH��,Q�SDUDJUDDI�����ZRUGW�YDQXLW�KHW�SHUVSHFWLHI�YDQ�GHOHHUOLQJHQ� LQJHJDDQ� RS� KHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� FRPSXWHUV� WKXLV� HQ� RS� VFKRRO�� 7HQVORWWH� JHHIWSDUDJUDDI� ���� HHQ� RYHU]LFKW� YDQ� KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� YRRU� DGPLQLVWUDWLHYH� GRHOHLQGHQ�+HW�KRRIGVWXN�VOXLW�DI�PHW�HHQ�VDPHQYDWWLQJ�YDQ�GH�EHODQJULMNVWH�UHVXOWDWHQ�
2.1 Computergebruik op school voor onderwijsdoeleinden
9HUVFKLOOHQ�LQ�GH�LQULFKWLQJ�YDQ�RQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV�ZRUGHQ�LQ�EHODQJULMNH�PDWH�EHSDDOGGRRU�GH�PDWH�ZDDULQ�GH�OHUDDU�GDQ�ZHO�GH�OHHUOLQJ�YHUDQWZRRUGHOLMN�LV�YRRU�GH�NHX]H�YDQOHHUDFWLYLWHLWHQ� ELQQHQ� KHW� OHHUSURFHV�� 'H]H� OHHUDFWLYLWHLWHQ� RPYDWWHQ� ]RZHO� GH� YRRU�EHUHLGLQJ�RS�KHW�OHHUSURFHV��GH�XLWYRHULQJ�YDQ�LQVWUXFWLH�HQ�OHHUWDNHQ�DOVPHGH�GH�HYDOXDWLH�DFWLYLWHLWHQ�� ,Q� GH]H� SDUDJUDDI�ZRUGW� YDQXLW� KHW� SHUVSHFWLHI� YDQ� GH� VFKRRO� F�T�� GH� OHUDDUJHNHNHQ�QDDU�GH�LQ]HW�YDQ�,&7�ELM�GH�LQULFKWLQJ�YDQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV�
Computergebruik door leraren
,Q� KHW� EDVLVRQGHUZLMV� LV� KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� ZLMGYHUEUHLG�� 9ULMZHO� DOOH� OHUDUHQ� �����EHQXWWHQ� RS� HQLJHUOHL� ZLM]H� GH� FRPSXWHU� ELM� GH� XLWYRHULQJ� YDQ� KHW� OHUDDUVFKDS�� ,Q� GHJURHSHQ���WRW�HQ�PHW���JHEUXLNW�WHQPLQVWH�GH�KHOIW�YDQ�GH�OHUDUHQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�GDJHOLMNVELM�KHW�RQGHUZLMV� HQ�GDDUQDDVW�PDDNW�HHQ�NZDUW�YDQ�GH� OHUDUHQ�ZHNHOLMNV�JHEUXLN�YDQ�GHFRPSXWHU�� *HPLGGHOG� JHEUXLNW� ���� YDQ� GH� OHUDUHQ� LQ� KHW� EDVLVRQGHUZLMV� ZHNHOLMNV� GHFRPSXWHU�YRRU�RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ�'LW�EOLMNW�XLW�JHJHYHQV�RYHU�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�YDQ����� OHUDUHQ� GLH� YHUDQWZRRUGHOLMN� ]LMQ� YRRU� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� DDQ� ������� OHHUOLQJHQ�� 'HUHODWLHI� NOHLQH� JURHS� OHUDUHQ� GLH� KHOHPDDO� QLHW� PHW� FRPSXWHUV� ZHUNW�� EHYLQGW� ]LFK� PHWQDPH�LQ�GH��NOHXWHU�JURHSHQ���HQ����UHVSHFWLHYHOLMN�����HQ�����ILJXXU������
)LJXXU ���3HUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ PHW FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN LQ GH JURHSHQ � W�P �
JURHS �
JURHS �
JURHS �
JURHS �
JURHS �
JURHS �
JURHS �
JURHS �
� �� �� �� �� ���
SHUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ
ZHNHOLMNV ELMQD ZHNHOLMNV HQNHOH NHHU
� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
=RDOV�KHW� LQ�KHW�EHJLQ�YDQ�GH� MDUHQ� WDFKWLJ�XLW]RQGHUOLMN�ZDV�GDW� HHQ� OHUDDU� LQ�KHW�EDVLV�RQGHUZLMV�HHQ�FRPSXWHU�LQ�GH�NODV�JHEUXLNWH��]R�ELM]RQGHU�LV�KHW�DDQ�KHW�HLQG�YDQ�GH�MDUHQQHJHQWLJ� ZDQQHHU� HHQ� OHUDDU� GH� FRPSXWHU� QLHW� JHEUXLNW�� +HW� SURFHV� YDQ� DFFHSWDWLH� HQJHEUXLN�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�DOV�HHQ�EUXLNEDDU�KXOSPLGGHO�LQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�KHHIW�ELMQD�WZLQWLJMDDU� LQ�EHVODJ�JHQRPHQ��'LW�SURFHV� LV� LQ�KHW�EHJLQ�YDQ�GH� MDUHQ�WDFKWLJ�JHVWDUW�ELM�HQNHOHHQWKRXVLDVWH� OHUDUHQ��*HOHLGHOLMN� KHHIW� KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� ]LFK� RQGHU� EDVLVVFKROHQ� DOVHHQ�ROLHYOHN�YHUEUHLG��,Q������EHVFKLNWHQ�YRRU�KHW�HHUVW�DOOH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�RYHU�FRPSXWHUV�$QQR������LV�ELMQD�KHW�VWDGLXP�EHUHLNW�GDW�HONH�OHUDDU�GH�FRPSXWHU�UHJHOPDWLJ�JHEUXLNW��,QGH� DIJHORSHQ� MDUHQ� ]LMQ� QLHW� DOOHHQ� VWHHGV�PHHU� OHUDUHQ� FRPSXWHUV� JDDQ� JHEUXLNHQ��PDDURRN�GH�LQWHQVLWHLW�YDQ�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�LV�WRHJHQRPHQ��ILJXXU������
)LJXXU ���2QWZLNNHOLQJ YDQ KHW FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN GRRU OHUDUHQ
+HW� DDQWDO� OHUDUHQ� GDW�PHW� FRPSXWHUV� ZHUNW� HQ� GH� LQWHQVLWHLW� YDQ� KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLNEHYDWWHQ� QRJ� JHHQ� LQGLFDWLH� YRRU� GH� PDQLHU� ZDDURS� FRPSXWHUV� ZRUGHQ� LQJH]HW� HQ� GHELMGUDJH�GLH�]H� OHYHUHQ�DDQ�GH� LQULFKWLQJ�YDQ�RQGHUZLMVOHHUSURFHVVHQ��*HJHYHQV�GDDURYHUNRPHQ�KLHUQD�DDQ�ERG�HQ�ELHGHQ�GDDUPHH�LQ]LFKW�LQ�GH�NZDOLWHLW�YDQ�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�
Computergebruik bij de leer- en vormingsgebieden
2YHU�KHW�DOJHPHHQ�ZRUGW�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� LQ�JURHS���JHNHQPHUNW�GRRU�GH� LQ]HW�ELMWZHH�NHUQRQGHUGHOHQ�YDQ�KHW�FXUULFXOXP��1HGHUODQGVH�WDDO�HQ�UHNHQHQ�ZLVNXQGH���ILJXXU������ 2QJHYHHU� GH� KHOIW� YDQ� GH� OHUDUHQ� JHEUXLNW� GH� FRPSXWHU� WHQPLQVWH� ZHNHOLMNV� YRRUGH]H� EHLGH� OHHU�� HQ� YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ�� 'H� FRPSXWHU� ZRUGW� YHUGHU� UHJHOPDWLJ� JHEUXLNWYRRU� DDUGULMNVNXQGH�� %LM� DQGHUH� OHHU�� HQ� YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ� ]RDOV� QDWXXURQGHUZLMV� HQJHVFKLHGHQLV�JHEUXLNW�VOHFKWV�HHQ�HQNHOH�OHUDDU�GH�FRPSXWHU��'LW�JHEUXLN�KHHIW�PHHVWDO�HHQLQFLGHQWHHO�NDUDNWHU�
���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �����
��
��
��
��
���� OHUDUHQ
ZHNHOLMNV FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN ppQ RI PHHUGHUH NHUHQ FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN WLMGHQV KHW VFKRROMDDU
+HW KXLGLJH FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN �
)LJXXU ���,QWHQVLWHLW YDQ KHW FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN ELM OHHU� HQ YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ LQ JURHS �
,Q�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�GH�JHJHYHQV�YDQ�GH�YRULJH�PHWLQJ�LQ������QHHPW�GH�LQWHQVLWHLW�YDQ�KHWFRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� ELM� QDJHQRHJ� DOOH� YDNNHQ� WRH� �WDEHO� ������ 0HHU� OHUDUHQ� EHQXWWHQ� GHFRPSXWHU�VWHHGV�YDNHU�DOV�KXOSPLGGHO�ELM�GH�YHUVFKLOOHQGH�OHHU��HQ�YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ�
7DEHO ���3HUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ PHW ZHNHOLMNV FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN ELM OHHU� HQ YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ LQ JURHS � YDQ KHW EDVLV�RQGHUZLMV
SHUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ
PHW ZHNHOLMNV FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN LQ JURHS �
/HHU� HQ YRUPLQJVJHELHG ���� YHUVFKLO ���������
1HGHUODQGVH WDDO �� ��
5HNHQHQ�ZLVNXQGH �� ��
$DUGULMNVNXQGH �� ���
9HUNHHU � �
1DWXXU � ��
([SUHVVLH�DFWLYLWHLWHQ � ��
(QJHOVH WDDO � ��
*HVFKLHGHQLV � ��
(HQ� OHUDDU�YDQ�JURHS���JHEUXLNW� LQ�HHQ�VFKRROMDDU�JHPLGGHOG�YRRU�GULH� WRW�YLHU�YHUVFKLO�OHQGH�OHHU��HQ�YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ�GH�FRPSXWHU��,Q�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�YRULJ�MDDU�LV�GH�YDULsWHLWLQ� OHHUJHELHGHQ�ZDDUELM� GH� FRPSXWHU�ZRUGW� JHEUXLNW�� JHOLMN� JHEOHYHQ� �WDEHO� ������2S� GHPHHVWH�VFKROHQ�LV�HU�VSUDNH�YDQ�LQWHQVLHI�JHEUXLN�ELM�ppQ�OHHUJHELHG�HQ�GDDUQDDVW�ZRUGW�GHFRPSXWHU� YRRU� HQNHOH� DQGHUH� OHHUJHELHGHQ� DI� HQ� WRH� JHEUXLNW�� +HW� DDQWDO� OHHUJHELHGHQZDDUYRRU�GH�FRPSXWHU�LQWHQVLHI�ZRUGW�JHEUXLNW��QHHPW�]HHU�JHOHLGHOLMN�WRH��WDEHO������
1HGHUODQGVH WDDO
UHNHQHQ�ZLVNXQGH
DDUGULMNVNXQGH
YHUNHHU
QDWXXU
H[SUHVVLH�DFWLYLWHLWHQ
(QJHOVH WDDO
JHVFKLHGHQLV
� �� �� �� �� ���
SHUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ
HONH GDJ ZHNHOLMNV �ELMQD� PDDQGHOLMNV QRRLW
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
7DEHO ���*HPLGGHOG DDQWDO OHHU� HQ YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ PHW FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN LQ JURHS � YDQ KHW EDVLVRQGHUZLMV
JHPLGGHOG DDQWDO OHHU� HQ YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ
PHW FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN LQ JURHS �
)UHTXHQWLH ���� YHUVFKLO ���������
7LMGHQV KHW VFKRROMDDU ��� �
:HNHOLMNV ��� ����
Didactische inzet van de computer
'H�PHHVWH�OHHUNUDFKWHQ�YDQ�JURHS���������]HWWHQ�GH�FRPSXWHU� LQ�YRRU�KHW�RHIHQHQ�YDQEDVLVVWRI� �ILJXXU� ������ 2RN� ZRUGW� GH� FRPSXWHU� GRRU� YHHO� OHUDUHQ� JHEUXLNW� YRRU� KHWDDQELHGHQ� YDQ� H[WUD� RHIHQVWRI� DDQ� OHHUOLQJHQ� PHW� HHQ� OHHUDFKWHUVWDQG� ������ RI� KHWDDQELHGHQ�YDQ�YHUULMNLQJVVWRI�DDQ�YOXJJH� OHHUOLQJHQ��������9HUGHU� ODDW�PHHU�GDQ�GH�KHOIWYDQ�GH�OHHUNUDFKWHQ�GH�OHHUOLQJHQ�WHNVWHQ�VFKULMYHQ�PHW�EHKXOS�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�������
)LJXXU ���
*HEUXLNVYRUPHQ YDQ FRPSXWHUV GRRU OHUDUHQ LQ JURHS �
'H�YHUVFKLOOHQGH�JHEUXLNVYRUPHQ�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV�GLH�YHUPHOG�VWDDQ�LQ�ILJXXU������RPYDW�WHQ�YLMI�GLGDFWLVFKH�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�YDQ�,&7�D� LQVWUXFWLH��LQOHLGHQ��LQVWUXFWLH��XLWOHJ�HQ�GHPRQVWUDWLH��E� RHIHQHQ��RHIHQHQ��YHUULMNHQ��UHPHGLsUHQ��F� JHJHYHQVYHUZHUYLQJ� HQ� �YHUZHUNLQJ� �LQIRUPDWLH� YHU]DPHOHQ�� PHWHQ�� SUREOHHP�
RSORVVHQ��JHJHYHQVYHUZHUNLQJ��WHNVWHQ�VFKULMYHQ��SUHVHQWDWLH��G� WRHWVHQ�H� EHORQLQJ�,Q�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�YRULJ�MDDU�ZRUGW�GH�FRPSXWHU�YDNHU�JHEUXLNW�DOV�PLGGHO�RP�OHHUOLQJHQWH� EHORQHQ� YRRU� JRHG� JHGUDJ� RI� JRHGH� SUHVWDWLHV� �WDEHO� ������2RN� KHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� ,&7YRRU� LQVWUXFWLH� HQ� JHJHYHQVYHUZHUNLQJ� QHHPW� WRH�� ,Q� KHW� DOJHPHHQ� ZRUGHQ� FRPSXWHUVVWHHGV�YDNHU� YRRU�YHUVFKLOOHQGH�GLGDFWLVFKH� WRHSDVVLQJHQ� LQJH]HW��'DDUPHH� YHUDQGHUW� GHIXQFWLH�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�JHOHLGHOLMN�YDQ�RHIHQPDFKLQH�QDDU�HHQ�GLGDFWLVFK�KXOSPLGGHO�WHURQGHUVWHXQLQJ�YDQ�PHHUGHUH�DVSHFWHQ�YDQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMVOHHUSURFHV�
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�
�
RHIHQHQ
UHPHGLsUHQ
EULHYHQ�WHNVWHQ VFKULMYHQ
YHUULMNHQ
LQVWUXFWLH
LQIRUPDWLH YHU]DPHOHQ
EHORQLQJ
JHJHYHQVYHUZHUNLQJ
LQOHLGHQ
SUREOHHP RSORVVHQ
XLWOHJ�GHPRQVWUDWLH
SUHVHQWDWLH
WRHWVHQ
PHWHQ
� �� �� �� �� ���
SHUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ
+HW KXLGLJH FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN ��
,Q������ZHUG�GH�FRPSXWHU�LQ�JURHS���YRRU�JHPLGGHOG�WZHH�YDQ�GH�LQ�WDEHO�����JHQRHPGHGLGDFWLVFKH� WRHSDVVLQJHQ� JHEUXLNW�� ,Q� ����� LV� GLW� DDQWDO� �VLJQLILFDQW�� WRHJHQRPHQ� HQJHEUXLNW� HHQ� OHUDDU� GH� FRPSXWHU� YRRU� ELMQD� GULH� YHUVFKLOOHQGH� GLGDFWLVFKH� WRHSDVVLQJHQ�2QGDQNV�HHQ�PHHU�JHYDULHHUGH�GLGDFWLVFK� LQ]HW�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�EOLMIW�KHW�JHEUXLN�YRRUWRHWVLQJ�JHULQJ��0LQGHU�GDQ�����YDQ�GH�OHUDUHQ�KDQWHHUW�GH]H�JHEUXLNVYRUP�HQ�GDDUPHH�LVWRHWVLQJ�GH�PLQVW�EHQXWWH�GLGDFWLVFKH�WRHSDVVLQJ�YDQ�,&7�
7DEHO ���'LGDFWLVFKH WRHSDVVLQJHQ YDQ ,&7 GRRU OHUDUHQ YDQ JURHS �
SHUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ JURHS �
'LGDFWLVFKH WRHSDVVLQJ ���� YHUVFKLO ���������
2HIHQHQ �� �
*HJHYHQVYHUZHUYLQJ HQ �YHUZHUNLQJ �� ��
,QVWUXFWLH �� ��
%HORQLQJ �� ���
7RHWVHQ � ��
Computertoepassingen
'H� OHUDUHQ� YDQ� JURHS� �� ODWHQ� OHHUOLQJHQ� GH� FRPSXWHU� YRRUDO� JHEUXLNHQ� YRRU� HGXFDWLHYHSURJUDPPDV��������VSHOOHWMHV�������HQ�WHNVWYHUZHUNLQJ�������'H� OHUDUHQ� JHEUXLNHQ� ]HOI� YRRUDO� HHQ� WHNVWYHUZHUNLQJVSURJUDPPD� ������ HQ� HGXFDWLHYHSURJUDPPDWXXU� ������� 9HUGHU� ZHUNW� LHWV� PHHU� GDQ� GH� KHOIW� YDQ� GH� OHUDUHQ� PHW� HHQSURJUDPPD� YRRU� GH� UHJLVWUDWLH� YDQ� OHHUOLQJYRUGHULQJHQ�� :HLQLJ� OHHUNUDFKWHQ� JHEUXLNHQ,&7� YRRU� FRPPXQLFDWLHWRHSDVVLQJHQ� ]RDOV� ,QWHUQHW�:::� HQ� (�PDLO�� 2RN� OHHUOLQJHQNRPHQ�YLD�VFKRRO�ZHLQLJ�PHW�FRPPXQLFDWLHWRHSDVVLQJHQ�LQ�DDQUDNLQJ��(HQ�RYHU]LFKW�YDQGH�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�GLH�OHHUNUDFKWHQ�]HOI�JHEUXLNHQ�RI�ZDDUPHH�]LM�OHHUOLQJHQ�ODWHQ�ZHUNHQ��LVRSJHQRPHQ�LQ�WDEHO�����
7DEHO ���3HUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ LQ KHW EDVLVRQGHUZLMV GDW ]HOI JHEUXLNW PDDNW YDQ EHSDDOGH WRHSDVVLQJHQ YRRU KHWRQGHUZLMV RI OHHUOLQJHQ HU PHH LQ DDQUDNLQJ EUHQJW
&RPSXWHUWRHSDVVLQJHQ � OHUDUHQ � OHHUOLQJHQ
7HNVWYHUZHUNLQJ �� ��
(GXFDWLHYH SURJUDPPDV YRRU EHSDDOGH OHHU� HQ
YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ �� ��
5HJLVWUDWLH YDQ OHHUOLQJYRUGHULQJHQ �� �
5DDGSOHJHQ YDQ HOHNWURQLVFKH JHJHYHQVEHVWDQGHQ
RS GLVNHWWH RI FG�URP �� ��
*HJHYHQVEHVWDQGHQ �GDWDEDVH� �� �
,QIRUPDWLH ]RHNHQ RS ,QWHUQHW�::: �� ��
7HNHQSURJUDPPD �� ��
6SHOOHWMHV �� ��
(OHNWURQLVFKH SRVW �H�PDLO� �� ��
5HNHQEODGHQ �� ��
7RHWVSURJUDPPDWXXU �� ��
9LGHRFRQIHUHQFLQJ �� �
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
'H�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�XLW�GH�ERYHQVWDDQGH�WDEHO�]LMQ��PHW�XLW]RQGHULQJ�YDQ�FRPSXWHUVSHOOHWMHV�LQ�WH�GHOHQ�LQ�GH�YROJHQGH�GULH�QLYHDXV�YDQ�,&7�JHEUXLN�D� HOHPHQWDLU�,&7�JHEUXLN��WHNVWYHUZHUNLQJ��WHNHQHQ��HGXFDWLHYH�SURJUDPPDV��E� VSHFLDOLVWLVFK� ,&7�JHEUXLN� �VSUHDGVKHHW�� GDWDEDVH�� UHJLVWUDWLH� OHHUOLQJYRUGHULQJHQ�
WRHWVSURJUDPPDWXXU��F� YHUQLHXZHQG� ,&7�JHEUXLN� �,QWHUQHW�:::�� H�PDLO�� UDDGSOHJHQ� JHJHYHQVEHVWDQGHQ�
YLGHRFRQIHUHQFLQJ��7HQ� RS]LFKWH� YDQ� GH� YRULJH� PHWLQJ� LV� HU� QDXZHOLMNV� HHQ� YHUDQGHULQJ� WHQ� DDQ]LHQ� YDQHOHPHQWDLU�RI�VSHFLDOLVWLVFK�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN��WDEHO�������'H�JURRWVWH�WRHQDPH�KHHIW�]LFK�LQKHW�DIJHORSHQ�MDDU�YRRUJHGDDQ�LQ�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�,&7�YRRU�FRPPXQLFDWLH�HQ�LQIRUPDWLH�YHUZHUYLQJ��'LW�JHOGW�]RZHO�YRRU�GH� OHUDUHQ�DOV�GH� OHHUOLQJHQ��'H]H� WRHSDVVLQJHQ�RS�KHWJHELHG� YDQ� FRPPXQLFDWLH� HQ� LQIRUPDWLHYHUZHUYLQJ� ]LMQ� LQ� WDEHO� ���� DDQJHGXLG� PHWYHUQLHXZHQG�JHEUXLN�RPGDW�]H�YHHODO�YHUZLM]HQ�QDDU�RQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV�GLH�]RQGHU�KHWJHEUXLN�YDQ�,&7�QLHW�RS�YHUJHOLMNEDUH�ZLM]H�JHUHDOLVHHUG�NXQQHQ�ZRUGHQ�
7DEHO ���,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ GRRU OHUDUHQ HQ OHHUOLQJHQ YDQ JURHS �
���� YHUVFKLO ���������
7\SH WRHSDVVLQJ � OHUDUHQ � OHHUOLQJHQ � OHUDUHQ � OHHUOLQJHQ
(OHPHQWDLU JHEUXLN �� �� �� �
6SHFLDOLVWLVFK JHEUXLN �� �� �� ��
9HUQLHXZHQG JHEUXLN �� �� ��� ���
Omvang van het computergebruik
/HUDUHQ�YDQ�JURHS���JHYHQ�DDQ�GDW�]LM�GH�FRPSXWHU�JHPLGGHOG�]HV�XXU�SHU�ZHHN�JHEUXLNHQELM�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�DDQ�KXQ� OHHUOLQJHQ��'LW�EHWHNHQW�GDW�RQJHYHHU�HHQ�NZDUW�YDQ�GH� WRWDOHRQGHUZLMVWLMG� RS� HQLJHUOHL� ZLM]H� JHEUXLN� ZRUGW� JHPDDNW� YDQ� GH� FRPSXWHU�� (U� LV� JHHQYHUVFKLO�LQ�GH�RPYDQJ�YDQ�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�WXVVHQ�NODVVHQ�PHW�HHQ�PDQQHOLMNH�RI�HHQYURXZHOLMNH�OHHUNUDFKW��(HQ�ZLOOHNHXULJH�OHHUOLQJ�XLW�JURHS���]LW�YROJHQV�GH�OHUDUHQ�JHPLG�GHOG� YLHUHQWZLQWLJ�PLQXWHQ� SHU� ZHHN� DFKWHU� GH� FRPSXWHU�� 9HUGHU� JHEUXLNHQ� OHUDUHQ� GHFRPSXWHU�]HOI�DQGHUKDOI�XXU�SHU�ZHHN�YRRU�DQGHUH� WDNHQ�GDQ� OHVJHYHQ��]RDOV� OHVYRRUEH�UHLGLQJ�HQ�UHJLVWUDWLH�YDQ�YRUGHULQJHQ��0DQQHOLMNH�OHHUNUDFKWHQ�ZHUNHQ�EXLWHQ�GH�OHV��VLJQL�ILFDQW��YDNHU�PHW�GH�FRPSXWHU�YRRU� OHVYRRUEHUHLGLQJ�HQ�FLMIHUUHJLVWUDWLH�GDQ�YURXZH OLMNHOHHUNUDFKWHQ�� *HPLGGHOG� EHVWHHGW� HHQ� PDQQHOLMNH� OHHUNUDFKW� ELMQD� WZHH� XXU� SHU� ZHHNEXLWHQ�GH�OHVWLMG�DDQ�RQGHUZLMVWDNHQ�GLH�PHW�EHKXOS�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�ZRUGHQ�XLWJHYRHUG�:DQQHHU� UHNHQLQJ�ZRUGW�JHKRXGHQ�PHW�GH�RPYDQJ�YDQ�GH�DDQVWHOOLQJ� LV�GLW����YDQ�GHWRWDOH�ZHUNWLMG��'DDUHQWHJHQ�EHVWHGHQ� YURXZHOLMNH� OHHUNUDFKWHQ�PLQGHU� GDQ� HHQ� XXU� SHUZHHN��JHPLGGHOG����YDQ�GH�ZHUNWLMG��EXLWHQ�GH�OHVWLMG�DDQ�RQGHUZLMVWDNHQ�ZDDUELM�JHEUXLNZRUGW�JHPDDNW�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�+HW�LV�RSPHUNHOLMN�GDW�HHQ�NZDUW�YDQ�GH�OHUDUHQ�GLH�GH�OHHUOLQJHQ�WLMGHQV�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�ZHOPHW�GH�FRPSXWHU�ODDW�ZHUNHQ��]HOI�EXLWHQ�GH�OHVWLMGHQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�QRRLW�JHEUXLNW��8LW�GHUHVXOWDWHQ�YDQ�]RZHO������DOV������NRPW�QDDU�YRUHQ�GDW�HU�JHHQ�EHWHNHQLVYROOH�VDPHQKDQJLV� WXVVHQ�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�GRRU�GH� OHUDDU� DOV�JHUHHGVFKDS� �FRPSXWHUJHEUXLNYRRU�DQGHUH�WDNHQ�GDQ�OHVJHYHQ��HQ�GH�LQ]HW�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�ELM�KHW�RQGHUZLMV��'LW�ZLMVWHU� RS� GDW� KHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� GH� FRPSXWHU� DOV� JHUHHGVFKDS� JHHQ� YRRUZDDUGH� LV� YRRU� KHWJHEUXLN�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU� LQ�GH�NODV� HQ� HYHQPLQ�GDDUPHH� VDPHQKDQJW��2S�GH�EHWHNHQLVYDQ�KHW�RQWEUHNHQ�YDQ�GH]H�VDPHQKDQJ�]DO� LQ�KRRIGVWXN���ELM�GH�GLVFXVVLH�RYHU�GHVNXQ�GLJKHLGVEHYRUGHULQJ�QDGHU�ZRUGHQ�LQJHJDDQ�
+HW KXLGLJH FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN ��
,Q�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�GH� VLWXDWLH� YDQ�YRULJ� MDDU� LV� GH� RPYDQJ� YDQ�KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� LQJURHS� �� YHUGHU� WRHJHQRPHQ�� *HPLGGHOG� ZRUGW� GH� FRPSXWHU� ZHNHOLMNV� HHQ� XXU� ODQJHUJHEUXLNW��WDEHO�������9RRU�HHQ�LQGLYLGXHOH�OHHUOLQJ�EHWHNHQW�GH]H�WRHQDPH�GDW�HU�HONH�ZHHNHHQ�SDDU�PLQXWHQ�H[WUD�FRPSXWHUWLMG�EHVFKLNEDDU�LV�
7DEHO ���2PYDQJ YDQ FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN GRRU OHUDUHQ HQ OHHUOLQJHQ YDQ JURHS �
KRHYHHOKHLG WLMG SHU ZHHN
&RPSXWHUJHEUXLN ���� YHUVFKLO ���������
&RPSXWHUJHEUXLN LQ JURHS � ��� XXU � � XXU
&RPSXWHUJHEUXLN LQGLYLGXHOH OHHUOLQJ
JURHS � �� PLQ� � � PLQ�
&RPSXWHUJHEUXLN GRRU OHHUNUDFKW
JURHS � EHVWHHG DDQ DQGHUH RQGHU�
ZLMVWDNHQ GDQ OHVJHYHQ ��� XXU �
Locaties voor computergebruik
:DQQHHU� OHHUOLQJHQ� ELQQHQ� GH� VFKRRO� JHEUXLN�PDNHQ� YDQ� FRPSXWHUV�� JHEHXUW� GLW� ELM� GHPHHVWH�VFKROHQ�������LQ�KHW�HLJHQ�NODVORNDDO��,Q�KHW�DOJHPHHQ�]LMQ�LQ�KHW�NODVORNDDO�ppQ�jWZHH� FRPSXWHUV� EHVFKLNEDDU��%LM� LHWV�PHHU� GDQ�����YDQ�GH� VFKROHQ� VWDDQ� GULH� RI�PHHUFRPSXWHUV�LQ�KHW�NODVORNDDO��ILJXXU������'H�KHOIW�YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�KHHIW�HHQ�DDQWDO�FRPSXWHUV�ELM�HONDDU�JHSODDWVW�LQ�GH�FHQWUDOH�KDORI�LQ�HHQ�DSDUW�FRPSXWHUORNDDO��=RQ�FRPSXWHUUXLPWH�WHOW�JHPLGGHOG���j���FRPSXWHUV��(HQEHSHUNW� DDQWDO� VFKROHQ� ������ EHVFKLNW� RYHU� HHQ� FRPSXWHUUXLPWH� ZDDULQ� PHHU� GDQ� WLHQFRPSXWHUV� VWDDQ�� +HW� NRPW� ]HOGHQ� YRRU� GDW� HU� LQ� ppQ� UXLPWH� YROGRHQGH� FRPSXWHUVEHVFKLNEDDU�]LMQ�RP�DOOH�OHHUOLQJHQ�XLW�HHQ�NODV�WHJHOLMN�PHW�HHQ�FRPSXWHU�WH�ODWHQ�ZHUNHQ�%LM� GH� KHOIW� YDQ� GH� VFKROHQ�PDNHQ� OHHUOLQJHQ� RRN� JHEUXLN� YDQ� FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU� GLHVWDDW�RSJHVWHOG�LQ�GH�GLUHFWLH��RI�SHUVRQHHOVNDPHU�
)LJXXU ���/RFDWLHV HQ FRPSXWHUV EHVFKLNEDDU YRRU OHHUOLQJHQ XLW JURHS �
SHUPDQHQW LQ NODVORNDDO
GLUHFWLH�SHUVRQHHOVNDPHU
FRPSXWHUORNDDO�FHQWUDOH KDO
RS GH JDQJ
ELEOLRWKHHN�GRFXPHQWDWLHFHQWUXP
HUJHQV DQGHUV
UXLPWH YRRU V\VWHHPEHKHHUGHU
JHHQ YDVWH UXLPWH� YHUSODDWVEDUH FRPSXWHUV
������������ � � � �
SHUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ DDQWDO FRPSXWHUV
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
,Q� YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW� HHQ� MDDU� JHOHGHQ� LV� KHW� SHUFHQWDJH� VFKROHQ�ZDDUELM� OHHUOLQJHQ� LQ� KHWHLJHQ�NODVORNDDO�PHW�GH�FRPSXWHU�NXQQHQ�ZHUNHQ�IRUV�JHVWHJHQ����������2RN�KHW�DDQWDOFRPSXWHUV�LQ�GH�NODV�QHHPW�WRH��6WHHGV�YDNHU�]LMQ�HU�PHHUGHUH�FRPSXWHUV�LQ�HHQ�NODVORNDDOEHVFKLNEDDU� �WDEHO� ������ 1DDVW� GH� WRHQDPH� YDQ� FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU� LQ� GH� NODVORNDOHQULFKWHQ�RRN�VWHHGV�PHHU�EDVLVVFKROHQ���������HHQ�UXLPWH�LQ�ZDDU�HHQ�DDQWDO�FRPSXWHUV�ELMHONDDU�VWDDQ�RSJHVWHOG�
7DEHO ���/RFDWLHV GLH ELM WHQPLQVWH GH KHOIW YDQ GH VFKROHQ ]LMQ XLWJHUXVW PHW FRPSXWHUV GLH OHHUOLQJHQ XLW JURHS �JHEUXLNHQ
���� YHUVFKLO ���������
/RFDWLH � VFKROHQ
DDQWDO
FRPSXWHUV � VFKROHQ
DDQWDO
FRPSXWHUV
3HUPDQHQW LQ NODVORNDDO �� ��� ��� ����
'LUHFWLH�SHUVRQHHOVNDPHU �� ��� �� ����
&RPSXWHUORNDDO�FHQWUDOH KDO �� ��� ��� ����
Typering van computergebruik
$DQ�GH� OHHUNUDFKWHQ�YDQ�JURHS��� LV�JHYUDDJG�RP�KHW� HLJHQ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� WH� W\SHUHQ�+LHUELM�LV�JHEUXLN�JHPDDNW�YDQ�GH�YROJHQGH�YLMI�RPVFKULMYLQJHQ�D� LN� EHQ� QRJ� ZHLQLJ� RS� GH� KRRJWH� YDQ� GH� PRJHOLMNKHGHQ� GLH� GH� FRPSXWHU� LQ� KHW
RQGHUZLMV�WH�ELHGHQ�KHHIW�E� LN�KHE�LQWHUHVVH��LN�ZLO�JUDDJ�PHHU�ZHWHQ�RYHU�GH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ�YDQ�FRPSXWHUWRHSDV�
VLQJHQ�YRRU�RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ�F� LN�KHE�HQLJH�HUYDULQJ�PHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�HQ�]HW�FRPSXWHUV�]R�QX�HQ�GDQ�LQ�ELM�PLMQ
RQGHUZLMV�G� LN� KHE� HQLJH� URXWLQH� LQ� KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�� ,N� YUDDJ� PH� DI� KRH� FRPSXWHUWRHSDV�
VLQJHQ�LQ�GH�GDJHOLMNVH�RQGHUZLMVSUDNWLMN�NXQQHQ�ZRUGHQ�LQJHSDVW�H� LN�EHQ�HHQ�H[SHUW�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�HQ�LN�KHE�YHUVFKLOOHQGH�FRPSX�
WHUWRHSDVVLQJHQ� LQ� PLMQ� RQGHUZLMV� JHwQWHJUHHUG�� ,N� GUDDJ� PLMQ� HUYDULQJHQ� RYHU� DDQDQGHUHQ�
6OHFKWV����YDQ�GH�OHHUNUDFKWHQ�YLQGW�GDW�]LM�]HOI�ZHLQLJ�EHNHQG�]LMQ�PHW�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQFRPSXWHUV� YRRU� RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ�� (U� LV� HFKWHU� RRN� QRJ� PDDU� HHQ� NOHLQH� JURHSOHHUNUDFKWHQ� ������GLH�]LFK]HOI� DOV� HHQ�H[SHUW� LQ�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV�EHVFKRXZW�9HUGHU�JHHIW�����YDQ�GH�OHUDUHQ�DDQ�GDW�]H�]LFK�ZLO�RULsQWHUHQ�RS�GH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ�YDQFRPSXWHUV��5XLP� ppQGHUGH� YDQ�GH� OHUDUHQ� KHHIW� DO�ZHO� HQLJH� HUYDULQJ� RSJHGDDQ�PHW� GHFRPSXWHU�ELQQHQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV� HQ�YLHU�YDQ�HONH� WLHQ� OHUDUHQ�KHHIW� URXWLQH� LQ� FRPSXWHU�JHEUXLN�PDDU�ZHQVW�PHHU�NHQQLV�RP�,&7�YHUGHU�LQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�WH�NXQQHQ�LQWHJUHUHQ��,QYHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�GH�JHJHYHQV�YDQ�HHQ�MDDU�JHOHGHQ�YLQGHQ�OHUDUHQ�YDQ�]LFK]HOI�GDW�]LM� LHWVPHHU�HUYDUHQ�]LMQ�LQ�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV�2RN� DDQ� GH� FRPSXWHUFR|UGLQDWRUHQ� YDQ� EDVLVVFKROHQ� LV� JHYUDDJG� KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLNYRRU�RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ�RS�KXQ�VFKRRO�WH�W\SHUHQ��2YHU�KHW�DOJHPHHQ�EHVFKRXZHQ�GHFRPSXWHUFR|UGLQDWRUHQ�������KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�YRRU�RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ�DOV�EHJLQ�QHQG�JHEUXLN��ILJXXU�������:HLQLJ�VFKROHQ�EHKRUHQ�WRW�GH�DFKWHUEOLMYHUV�GLH�QRJ�YHUNHUHQLQ� HHQ� IDVH� YDQ� HHUVWH� RULsQWDWLH� RS� GH� JHEUXLNVPRJHOLMNKHGHQ� YDQ� GH� FRPSXWHU� �����(YHQHHQV� ]LMQ� HU� ZHLQLJ� VFKROHQ� GLH� DDQJHYHQ� GDW� ]LM� HHQ� YHUJHYRUGHUG� VWDGLXP� YDQFRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�YRRU�RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ�KHEEHQ�JHUHDOLVHHUG�
+HW KXLGLJH FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN ��
)LJXXU ���7\SHULQJ FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN YRRU RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ YDQ GH JHKHOH VFKRRO GRRU ,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU
2QGDQNV�GH�HHUGHU�LQ�GLW�KRRIGVWXN�EHVFKUHYHQ�YHUVFKLOOHQ�WXVVHQ�VFKROHQ�LQ�GH�DDUG�HQRPYDQJ� YDQ� FRPSXWHUWRHSDVVLQJHQ�� LV� HU� ZDW� EHWUHIW� KHW� VWDGLXP� YDQ� LQYRHULQJ� HHQEHODQJULMNH� RYHUHHQNRPVW� WXVVHQ� VFKROHQ�� .HQPHUNHQG� YRRU� KHW� KXLGLJH� LQYRHULQJV�VWDGLXP�YDQ�,&7�LV�QDPHOLMN�GDW�YULMZHO�DOOH�VFKROHQ�DDQJHYHQ�GDW�HHQ�GHHO�YDQ�KHW�LQYRH�ULQJVWUDMHFW�LV�DIJHOHJG�PDDU�PHQ�UHDOLVHHUW�]LFK�RRN�GDW�HU�LQ�GH�WRHNRPVW�QRJ�YHHO�YHUDQ�GHULQJHQ� GRRUJHYRHUG� PRHWHQ� ZRUGHQ� DOYRUHQV� HHQ� YHUJHYRUGHUG� VWDGLXP� YDQ� ,&7�JHEUXLN� LV�EHUHLNW��:DQQHHU�KHW� LQYRHULQJVVWDGLXP�ZRUGW�XLWJHGUXNW� LQ�HHQ�FLMIHU�RS�HHQVFKDDO� PHW� GH� XLWHUVWH� ZDDUGHQ� JHHQ� JHEUXLN� ���� HQ� YHUJHYRUGHUG� JHEUXLN� ������� GDQEHGUDDJW�KHW�JHPLGGHOGH�QLYHDX�YDQ�LQYRHULQJ�RS�GH]H�VFKDDO�����WDEHO�������'H�W\SHULQJYDQ�KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� GRRU� GH� ,&7�FR|UGLQDWRUHQ� LV� YULMZHO� JHOLMN� DDQ� GLH� YDQ� YRULJMDDU��+HW�RQWEUHNHQ�YDQ�YRRUXLWJDQJ�RS�GH]H� VFKDDO� LV�PRJHOLMN� HHQ� LQGLFDWLH� YRRU� VWDJ�QDWLH�YDQ�KHW�LQYRHULQJVSURFHV�GDQ�ZHO�HHQ�DDQZLM]LQJ�YRRU�HHQ�XLWHUVW�WUDJH�RQWZLN NHOLQJ�
7DEHO ���,QYRHULQJVVWDGLXP YDQ ,&7 RS VFKRRO YROJHQV GH ,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU
���� YHUVFKLO ���������
,QYRHULQJVVWDGLXP �� JHHQ JHEUXLN�
��� LQYRHULQJ YHUJHYRUGHUG� �� �
2.2 Computergebruik door leerlingen
,Q� DDQYXOOLQJ� RS� KHW� KLHUERYHQ� JHVFKHWVWH� JHEUXLN� YDQ� ,&7�� ]RDOV� GDW� GRRU� GH� VFKRROZRUGW�LQJHULFKW��ZRUGW�LQ�GH]H�SDUDJUDDI�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�,&7�JHVFKHWVW�]RDOV�OHHUOLQJHQ�GDWHUYDUHQ��$FKWHUHHQYROJHQV�NRPHQ�DDQ�ERG�GH�YDNJHELHGHQ�ZDDUELM�OHHUOLQJHQ�LQ�DDQUDNLQJNRPHQ�PHW�FRPSXWHUV�HQ�GH� WRHSDVVLQJHQ�ZDDUYRRU� OHHUOLQJHQ�RS�VFKRRO� HQ�GDDUEXLWHQFRPSXWHUV�JHEUXLNHQ�
Vakgebieden met computergebruik
0HHU�GDQ�GH�KHOIW�YDQ�GH�OHHUOLQJHQ�XLW�JURHS���JHHIW�DDQ�GDW�]LM�RS�VFKRRO�GH�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLNHQ�ELM� GH�YDNNHQ�1HGHUODQGVH� WDDO�� UHNHQHQ�HQ� DDUGULMNVNXQGH� �ILJXXU������� ,Q� GHYRULJH� SDUDJUDDI� LV� EHVFKUHYHQ� GDW� RRN� YROJHQV� GH� OHUDUHQ� KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� YRRU�QDPHOLMN�JHULFKW� LV�RS�GH]H�GULH�RQGHUGHOHQ�YDQ�KHW� FXUULFXOXP� �ILJXXU�������(FKWHU�� KHW
�
��
��
�
RULsQWDWLH EHJLQQHQG JHYRUGHUG YHUJHYRUGHUG�
��
��
��
��
���� VFKROHQ
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
SHUFHQWDJH� OHUDUHQ� GDW� DDQJHHIW� GH� FRPSXWHU� ELM� GH]H� YDNNHQ� WH� JHEUXLNHQ�� LV� ������KRJHU�GDQ�KHW�SHUFHQWDJH�OHHUOLQJHQ�GDW�HU�PHH�LQ�DDQUDNLQJ�NRPW��'LW�JURWH�YHUVFKLO�NDQZRUGHQ� YHUNODDUG� GRRU� GH� PDQLHU� ZDDURS� FRPSXWHUV� LQ� KHW� EDVLVRQGHUZLMV� ZRUGHQJHEUXLNW��*HJHYHQ�KHW�EHSHUNWH�DDQWDO�FRPSXWHUV�ZDDURYHU� OHUDUHQ� LQ�KHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMVEHVFKLNNHQ��ZRUGW�GH�FRPSXWHU�]HOGHQ�NODVVLNDDO�JHEUXLNW��'LW�EHWHNHQW�GDW�DOOH�OHHUOLQJHQXLW� HHQ�JURHS�]HOGHQ� WHJHOLMNHUWLMG�PHW�GH�FRPSXWHU�ZHUNHQ��'RRUGDW� OHHUOLQJHQ�PHHVWDODOOHHQ�RI�LQ�WZHHWDOOHQ�PHW�GH�FRPSXWHU�ZHUNHQ��RQWVWDDQ�HU�YHUVFKLOOHQ�LQ�WLMGVGXXU�WXVVHQOHHUOLQJHQ�
)LJXXU ���2YHU]LFKW YDQ YDNJHELHGHQ ZDDUELM OHHUOLQJHQ XLW JURHS � LQ DDQUDNLQJ NRPHQ PHW FRPSXWHUV
9HUGHU�RQWVWDDQ�YHUVFKLOOHQ�WXVVHQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�LQ�GH�SURJUDPPDV�ZDDUPHH�]H�LQ�DDQUDNLQJNRPHQ�ZDQQHHU�GH�FRPSXWHU�JHEUXLNW�ZRUGW�YRRU�KHW�DDQELHGHQ�YDQ�H[WUD�RHIHQVWRI�DDQOHHUOLQJHQ�PHW�HHQ�DFKWHUVWDQG�RI�YHUULMNLQJVVWRI�YRRU�YOXJJH�OHHUOLQJHQ��+HW�LV�YDQ�EHODQJRP�ELM�GH�LQWHUSUHWDWLH�YDQ�JHJHYHQV�RYHU�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�HU�UHNHQLQJ�PHH�WH�KRXGHQGDW�KHW�KRJH�SHUFHQWDJH�OHUDUHQ�GDW�GH�FRPSXWHU�LQ]HW�ELM�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�QLHW�JHOLMN�JHVWHOGNDQ� ZRUGHQ� PHW� KHW� SHUFHQWDJH� OHHUOLQJHQ� GDW� RS� VFKRRO� LQ� DDQUDNLQJ� NRPW� PHWFRPSXWHUV��2P�HHQ�JRHG�EHHOG�WH�NULMJHQ�YDQ�GH�RPYDQJ�YDQ�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�LQ�KHWRQGHUZLMV�LV�KHW�QRRG]DNHOLMN�RP�GDDUELM�]RZHO�KHW�SHUVSHFWLHI�YDQ�GH�OHUDDU�DOV�GH�OHHUOLQJWH�EHWUHNNHQ��:DQQHHU�GH�OHUDDU�ZRUGW�JH]LHQ�DOV�GHJHQH�GLH�YHUDQWZRRUGHOLMN�LV�YRRU�KHWDUUDQJHUHQ�YDQ�GH�FRQGLWLHV�YRRU�OHUHQ��]LMQ�GH�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�YDQ�GH�OHUDDU�RP�,&7�YRRURQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ� LQ� WH� ]HWWHQ� HHQ� HVVHQWLsOH� YRRUZDDUGH� YRRU� KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLNGRRU�OHHUOLQJHQ��'H�PDWH�ZDDULQ�LQGLYLGXHOH�OHHUOLQJHQ�LQ�DDQUDNLQJ�NRPHQ�PHW�,&7�LV�QLHWDOOHHQ�DIKDQNHOLMN�YDQ�GH�NHQQLV�HQ�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�YDQ�GH�OHUDDU��PDDU�RRN�YDQ�GH�YLVLH�RSGH� LQULFKWLQJ�YDQ�RQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV�HQ�GH�RUJDQLVDWLH�YDQ�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� LQ�GHNODV�,Q�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�GH� VLWXDWLH�YDQ�YRULJ� MDDU� JHEUXLNHQ�PHHU� OHHUOLQJHQ�GH� FRPSXWHU�ELM1HGHUODQGV� ������ HQ� JHYHQ�PLQGHU� OHHUOLQJHQ� DDQ� GDW� ]LM� GH� FRPSXWHU� JHEUXLNHQ� YRRUYHUNHHU��������%LM�GH�RYHULJH�YDNNHQ�LV�HU�QDXZHOLMNV�HQLJH�YHUDQGHULQJ�WHQ�RS]LFKWH�YDQHHQ� MDDU�JHOHGHQ��*HPLGGHOG�NRPHQ� OHHUOLQJHQ� LQ�JURHS���ELM� WZHH� WRW�GULH�YHUVFKLOOHQGHYDNJHELHGHQ�LQ�DDQUDNLQJ�PHW�GH�FRPSXWHU��WDEHO������
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�
�
UHNHQHQ�ZLVNXQGH
1HGHUODQGVH WDDO
DDUGULMNVNXQGH
YHUNHHU
WHNHQHQ�PX]LHN�KDQGYDDUGLJKHLG
QDWXXU�WHFKQLHN
FRPSXWHUOHV
(QJHOV
JHVFKLHGHQLV
� �� �� �� �� ���
SHUFHQWDJH OHHUOLQJHQ
+HW KXLGLJH FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN ��
7DEHO ���$DQWDO YDNNHQ PHW FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN YROJHQV OHHUOLQJHQ XLW JURHS �
���� YHUVFKLO ���������
*HPLGGHOG DDQWDO YDNNHQ ZDDUELM OHHUOLQJHQ
LQ JURHS � PHW FRPSXWHUV ZHUNHQ ��� �
Computertoepassingen op school en daarbuiten
2S�VFKRRO�JHEUXLNHQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�YRRUDO�YRRU�KHW�RHIHQHQ�YDQ�OHHUVWRI�HQ�KHWVSHOHQ� YDQ� VSHOOHWMHV�� $QGHUH� JHEUXLNVYRUPHQ� NRPHQ� ZHLQLJ� YRRU�� +HW� JHEUXLN� YDQ,QWHUQHW�HQ�H�PDLO�]LMQ�GH�PLQVW�YRRUNRPHQGH�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�RS�VFKRRO��/HHUOLQJHQ�JHYHQDDQ�GDW�]LM�JHPLGGHOG����NHHU�SHU�MDDU�RS�VFKRRO�PHW�GH�FRPSXWHU�ZHUNHQ��ILJXXU������
)LJXXU ���)UHTXHQWLH YDQ FRPSXWHUWRHSDVVLQJHQ GLH OHHUOLQJHQ XLW JURHS � WLMGHQV HHQ VFKRROMDDU JHEUXLNHQ
'H� YHUVFKLOOHQGH� FRPSXWHUWRHSDVVLQJHQ� XLW� ILJXXU� ���� ]LMQ� LQ� WH� GHOHQ� LQ� GH� YROJHQGHJHEUXLNVYRUPHQ�� RHIHQHQ�� WHNVW�ZHUNVWXN�PDNHQ�� LQIRUPDWLH�YHU]DPHOHQ�HQ�FRPPXQLFDWLH�� WRHWVHQ�� VSHOOHWMHV�
:DQQHHU�GH]H�YLMI�JHEUXLNVYRUPHQ�DOV�XLWJDQJVSXQW�ZRUGHQ�JHQRPHQ�YRRU�HHQ�YHUJHOLM�NLQJ�PHW�GH�JHJHYHQV�YDQ�YRULJ�MDDU�GDQ�YDOW�RS�GDW�HQHU]LMGV�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�FRPSXWHUVYRRU�LQIRUPDWLH�YHU]DPHOHQ�HQ�FRPPXQLFDWLH�WRHQHHPW�HQ�DQGHU]LMGV�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�DOOHRYHULJH�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�RS�VFKRRO�LHWV�DIQHHPW��WDEHO��������+LHUXLW�PDJ�QLHW�ZRUGHQ�JHFRQ�FOXGHHUG�GDW�HU�VSUDNH�LV�YDQ�HHQ�DIQDPH�YDQ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN��ZDQW�WHJHQRYHU�GH�GDOLQJYDQ� GH� RPYDQJ� YDQ� KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� YRRU� VSHFLILHNH� WRHSDVVLQJHQ� VWDDW� HHQ�VLJQLILFDQWH�� WRHQDPH� YDQ� GH� YDULsWHLW� LQ� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�� 'LW� EHWHNHQW� GDW� PHHUOHHUOLQJHQ�PHW�YHUVFKLOOHQGH�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�LQ�DDQUDNLQJ�NRPHQ�
RHIHQHQ
VSHOOHWMHV
VFKULMYHQ WHNVW
WHNHQHQ
LQIR YHU]DPHOHQ
ZHUNVWXN PDNHQ
SURHIZHUN PDNHQ
SURHIMHV GRHQ
,QWHUQHW�:::
H�PDLO
� �� �� �� �� ���
SHUFHQWDJH OHHUOLQJHQ
! �� NHHU ��� NHHU ��� NHHU QRRLW
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
,Q�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�VFKRRO�JHEUXLNHQ�GULH�WRW�YLHU�NHHU�]RYHHO�OHHUOLQJHQ�WKXLV�GH�FRPSXWHUYRRU�KHW�YHU]DPHOHQ�YDQ�LQIRUPDWLH�HQ�HHQ�ZHUNVWXN�PDNHQ��7HUZLMO�KHW�DDQWDO�OHHUOLQJHQGDW� RS� VFKRRO� GH� FRPSXWHU� JHEUXLNW� YRRU� KHW� RHIHQHQ� YDQ� OHHUVWRI� GDDOW�� QHHPW� KHWRHIHQHQ� RS� GH� FRPSXWHU� WKXLV� WRH�� 'H]H� JHJHYHQV� ZLM]HQ� HU� RS� GDW� GH� FRPSXWHU� QLHWDOOHHQ� YHHO� OHHUOLQJHQ� LQ� VWDDW� VWHOW� RP� EXLWHQ� VFKRRO� OHHUDFWLYLWHLWHQ� WH� YHUULFKWHQ��PDDUWRQHQ� RRN� GDW� KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� WKXLV� VWHHGV� YDNHU� GH� VFKRROVLWXDWLH� RYHUWUHIW�� 'LWJHOGW� LQ� KHW� ELM]RQGHU� YRRU� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� ELM� KHW� PDNHQ� YDQ� ZHUNVWXNNHQ� HQ� KHWYHU]DPHOHQ�YDQ�LQIRUPDWLH��9RRU�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�GLHQW�]LFK�GH�YUDDJ�DDQ�RI�KHW�JURHLHQGHWKXLVJHEUXLN�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV�YRRU�OHHUDFWLYLWHLWHQ�JH]LHQ�PRHW�ZRUGHQ�DOV�HHQ�RQWZLNNHOLQJGLH�FRPSOHPHQWDLU�GDQ�ZHO�FRQFXUUHUHQG�LV�PHW�GH�IXQFWLH�YDQ�GH�VFKRRO�+HW�WKXLVJHEUXLN�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV�ZRUGW�YDQXLW�VFKRRO�RS�EHSHUNWH�PDWH�RQGHUVWHXQG�GRRUKHW�EHVFKLNEDDU�VWHOOHQ�YDQ�SURJUDPPDWXXU��=RZHO�LQ������DOV�LQ������KHHIW�����YDQ�GHOHHUOLQJHQ�HHQ�FRPSXWHUSURJUDPPD�YDQ�VFKRRO�PHH�QDDU�KXLV�JHNUHJHQ�
7DEHO ����3HUFHQWDJH OHHUOLQJHQ GDW YDNHU GDQ WZHH NHHU SHU MDDU GH FRPSXWHU YRRU EHSDDOGH ,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ JHEUXLNW
���� YHUVFKLO ���������
&RPSXWHUJHEUXLN
� OHHUOLQJHQ
RS VFKRRO
� OHHUOLQJHQ
EXLWHQ
VFKRRO
� OHHUOLQJHQ
RS VFKRRO
� OHHUOLQJHQ
EXLWHQ
VFKRRO
2HIHQHQ �� �� �� ��
7HNVW�ZHUNVWXN PDNHQ �� �� �� �
,QIRUPDWLH YHU]DPHOHQ HQ
FRPPXQLFDWLH � �� �� ��
7RHWVHQ � QYW �� QYW
6SHOOHWMHV �� �� �� ��
:DQQHHU� OHHUOLQJHQ� WKXLV� PHW� GH� FRPSXWHU� ZHUNHQ� EHWUHIW� KHW� YHHODO� HHQ� DSSDUDDW� GDWEHVFKLNEDDU� LV� YRRU�KHW�KHOH� JH]LQ� �������+HW� DDQWDO� OHHUOLQJHQ�GDW� HHQ� HLJHQ� FRPSXWHUKHHIW��QHHPW�VQHO�WRH��,Q������EHVFKLNWH�����YDQ�GH�OHHUOLQJHQ�RYHU�HHQ�HLJHQ�FRPSXWHU�LQ������ LV�GLW�JHVWHJHQ� WRW������'H�DSSDUDWXXU�ZDDUPHH� OHHUOLQJHQ� WKXLV�ZHUNHQ� LV�RYHUKHW�DOJHPHHQ�PRGHUQ��%LMQD�GULHNZDUW�YDQ�GH�OHHUOLQJHQ�ZHUNW�WKXLV�RS�HHQ�FRPSXWHU�GLHXLWJHUXVW� LV�PHW� HHQ�:LQGRZV�RPJHYLQJ�� NOHXUHQEHHOGVFKHUP�� JHOXLGVER[HQ� HQ� FG�URP�9HUGHU�EHVFKLNNHQ�VWHHGV�PHHU�OHHUOLQJHQ�WKXLV�RYHU�HHQ�NOHXUHQSULQWHU������������������������(HQGHUGH�GHHO�YDQ�GH�OHHUOLQJHQ�KHHIW�YDQXLW�KXLV�WRHJDQJ�WRW�,QWHUQHW�:::�
(YHQDOV�LQ������ZHUNW�QHJHQ�YDQ�HONH�WLHQ� OHHUOLQJHQ�XLW�JURHS���WKXLV�PHW�GH�FRPSXWHU+HW�EXLWHQVFKRROV�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�YDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�XLW�JURHS���EHSHUNW�]LFK�HFKWHU�QLHW�WRWGH�WKXLVVLWXDWLH��'H�PHHVWH�OHHUOLQJHQ�NRPHQ�EXLWHQ�VFKRROWLMG�QRJ�RS�WZHH�WRW�GULH�DQGHUHSODDWVHQ�LQ�DDQUDNLQJ�PHW�FRPSXWHUV��0HHVWDO�EHWUHIW�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�ELM�HHQ�YULHQGRI�YULHQGLQ�WKXLV��������LQ�GH�ELEOLRWKHHN�������RI�ELM�IDPLOLH��������'H�KRHYHHOKHLG�WLMGGLH� OHHUOLQJHQ� EXLWHQ� VFKRROWLMG� DFKWHU� GH� FRPSXWHU� ]LWWHQ� LV� LQ� YHUJHOLMNLQJ� PHW� KHWYRRUJDDQGH�MDDU�JHPLGGHOG�HHQ�KDOI�XXU�SHU�ZHHN�WRHJHQRPHQ��(HQ�OHHUOLQJ�XLW�JURHS���]LWJHPLGGHOG� YLHU� j� YLMI� XXU� SHU� ZHHN� DFKWHU� GH� FRPSXWHU�� 'DDUELM� ZRUGW� GH� PHHVWH� WLMGEHVWHHG�DDQ�KHW�VSHOHQ�YDQ�FRPSXWHUVSHOOHWMHV�
+HW KXLGLJH FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN ��
2.3 Computergebruik op school voor administratieve doeleinden
$OOH� VFKROHQ� JHEUXLNHQ� GH� FRPSXWHU� YRRU� DGPLQLVWUDWLHYH� GRHOHLQGHQ� �WDEHO� ������� 'HFRPSXWHU�ZRUGW�PHW�QDPH� LQJH]HW�YRRU�KHW� UHJLVWHUHQ�YDQ� OHHUOLQJJHJHYHQV�]RDOV�QDDP�DGUHV��HQ�JHERRUWHGDWXP��������8LW�GH�PHWLQJ�YDQ������NZDP�QDDU�YRUHQ�GDW�����YDQ�GHEDVLVVFKROHQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�JHEUXLNWH�YRRU�KHW�YDVWOHJJHQ�YDQ�UHVXOWDWHQ�YDQ�JHQRUPHHUGHWRHWVHQ��9HHODO�JHEHXUW�GLW�LQ�HHQ�OHHUOLQJYROJV\VWHHP��=RQ�V\VWHHP�LV�YDQ�ZDDUGH�ZDQQHHUKHW�RYHU�HHQ�UHHNV�YDQ� MDUHQ�ZRUGW�JHEUXLNW��7HJHQ�GH]H�DFKWHUJURQG� LV�KHW�RSPHUNHOLMNGDW� KHW� SHUFHQWDJH� VFKROHQ� GDW� GH� FRPSXWHU� JHEUXLNW� YRRU� KHW� YDVWOHJJHQ� YDQJHQRUPHHUGH� WRHWVHQ� LQ� ����� GDDOW��'LW� ]RX� HU� RS� ZLM]HQ� GDW� KHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� OHHUOLQJ�YROJV\VWHPHQ� LQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� DIQHHPW��2RN� LV� HU� VSUDNH� YDQ� HHQ� �OLFKWH�� GDOLQJ� ELM� GHUHJLVWUDWLH� YDQ� OHHUNUDFKWJHERQGHQ� REVHUYDWLHV� HQ� �EHRRUGHOLQJHQ�� 7RHSDVVLQJHQ� YDQ� GHFRPSXWHU�GLH�KHW�PRJHOLMN�PDNHQ� UHNHQLQJ� WH�KRXGHQ�PHW�YHUVFKLOOHQ� WXVVHQ� OHHUOLQJHQ�]RDOV�KHW�YDVWOHJJHQ�YDQ�DIJHURQGH�OHHUVWRIRQGHUGHOHQ��ZRUGHQ�QRJ�PDDU�ZHLQLJ�JHEUXLNW�=RDOV�HHUGHU�YDVWJHVWHOG�ELM�GH�EHVFKULMYLQJ�YDQ�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�GRRU�OHUDUHQ�LV�HU�LQKHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV�QDXZHOLMNV�VSUDNH�YDQ�WRHWVLQJ�PHW�EHKXOS�YDQ�,&7�
7DEHO ����3HUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ PHW FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN YRRU DGPLQLVWUDWLHYH GRHOHLQGHQ
SHUFHQWDJH EDVLVVFKROHQ&RPSXWHUJHEUXLN YRRU DGPLQLVWUDWLHYH
GRHOHLQGHQ ���� YHUVFKLO ���������
/HHUOLQJJHJHYHQV� RSVODDQ YDQ QDDP HQ DGUHV�
JHJHYHQV YDQ OHHUOLQJHQ �� �
/HHUOLQJYROJV\VWHHP� UHJLVWUDWLH YDQ UHVXOWDWHQ
RS JHQRUPHHUGH WRHWVHQ �� ��
/HHUNUDFKWJHERQGHQ JHJHYHQV� UHJLVWUDWLH YDQ
OHHUNUDFKWREVHUYDWLHV� FLMIHUEHRRUGHOLQJHQ
HQ OHHUOLQJEHVSUHNLQJHQ �� ��
7RHWVLQJ� DIQHPHQ YDQ WRHWVHQ YLD GH
FRPSXWHU HQ�RI QRUPHUHQ YDQ WRHWVHQ �� ��
0RQLWRULQJ� YHUJHOLMNLQJ YDQ UHVXOWDWHQ RS
VFKRROQLYHDX RYHU GH MDUHQ KHHQ �� ��
/HHUZHJUHJLVWUDWLH� LQ GH WLMG YDVWOHJJHQ YDQ
OHHUVWRIRQGHUGHOHQ GLH HHQ OHHUOLQJ KHHIW
DIJHURQG PHW ELMEHKRUHQGH UHVXOWDWHQ �� ��
2.4 Samenvatting
� +HW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� FRPSXWHUV� LV� LQ� KHW� EDVLVRQGHUZLMV� HHQ� DOJHPHHQ� JHDFFHSWHHUGYHUVFKLMQVHO�� %LMQD� HONH� OHUDDU� ������ JHEUXLNW� GH� FRPSXWHU� RS� HQLJHUOHL� ZLM]H� ELM� GHXLWYRHULQJ�YDQ�OHUDDUVWDNHQ�HQ�JHPLGGHOG�����YDQ�GH�OHUDUHQ�PDDNW�ZHNHOLMNV�JHEUXLNYDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�YRRU�RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ�
� /HUDUHQ� JHEUXLNHQ� GH� FRPSXWHU� YRRU� GULH� WRW� YLHU� YHUVFKLOOHQGH� OHHU�� HQ� YRUPLQJV�JHELHGHQ��0HHVWDO� EHWUHIW� KHW� GH� YDNNHQ� UHNHQHQ�� WDDO� HQ� DDUGULMNVNXQGH��+HW� DDQWDOOHHU��HQ�YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ�ZDDUYRRU�GH�FRPSXWHU�ZRUGW�JHEUXLNW�LV�RYHU�GH�MDUHQ�KHHQVWDELHO��PDDU�GH�LQWHQVLWHLW�YDQ�KHW�JHEUXLN�QHHPW�WRH�
� 'H�FRPSXWHU�ZRUGW�YRRUDO�JHEUXLNW�YRRU�RHIHQHQ�YDQ� OHHUVWRI� HQ�PDNHQ�YDQ�ZHUN�VWXNNHQ�
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
� /HHUNUDFKWHQ� HQ� OHHUOLQJHQ� PDNHQ� ELQQHQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� QRJ� ZHLQLJ� JHEUXLN� YDQPRGHUQH�,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�]RDOV�,QWHUQHW�HQ�H�PDLO�
� 9LHU�YDQ�GH�YLMI�OHUDUHQ�KHHIW�LQ�KHW�HLJHQ�NODVORNDDO�GH�EHVFKLNNLQJ�RYHU�ppQ�RI�PHHUFRPSXWHUV�
� ,Q�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�GH�JHJHYHQV�YDQ�HHQ�MDDU�JHOHGHQ�YLQGHQ�OHUDUHQ�YDQ�]LFK]HOI�GDW�]LMLHWV�PHHU� HUYDUHQ� ]LMQ� LQ� KHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� FRPSXWHUV��+HW�PHUHQGHHO� YDQ� GH� OHUDUHQW\SHHUW�KHW�HLJHQ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�RS�KHW�QLYHDX�YDQ�HQLJH�HUYDULQJ�GDQ�ZHO�URXWLQH�LQKHW�RPJDDQ�PHW�FRPSXWHUWRHSDVVLQJHQ�
� %DVLVVFKROHQ�EHYLQGHQ�]LFK�PLGGHQ�LQ�KHW�LQYRHULQJVSURFHV�YDQ�,&7�LQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�(U� ]LMQ� QDXZHOLMNV� VFKROHQ� GLH� HHQ� YHUJHYRUGHUG� VWDGLXP� YDQ� LQYRHULQJ� KHEEHQEHUHLNW�� 2RN� LV� HU� YULMZHO� JHHQ� HQNHOH� VFKRRO� GLH� QRJ� DDQ� KHW� EHJLQ� VWDDW� YDQ� KHWLQYRHULQJVSURFHV��+HW� VWDGLXP� YDQ� LQYRHULQJ� LQ� ����� LV� JHOLMN� DDQ� GDW� YDQ� HHQ� MDDUJHOHGHQ��'LW�ZLMVW� RS� VWDJQDWLH� YDQ� GH� LQYRHULQJ� YDQ� ,&7� GDQ�ZHO� HHQ� XLWHUVW� WUDDJYHUORSHQG�YHUDQGHULQJVSURFHV�
� ,Q� YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW� KHW� ,&7�JHEUXLN� RS� VFKRRO�� JHEUXLNHQ� GULH� WRW� YLHU� NHHU� ]RYHHOOHHUOLQJHQ� WKXLV�GH�FRPSXWHU�YRRU�KHW�YHU]DPHOHQ�YDQ� LQIRUPDWLH� HQ�KHW�PDNHQ�YDQZHUNVWXNNHQ�
� %LMQD�DOOH�VFKROHQ�JHEUXLNHQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�YRRU�KHW�ELMKRXGHQ�YDQ�OHHUOLQJJHJHYHQV�YDQOHHUOLQJHQ�� $GPLQLVWUDWLHYH� FRPSXWHUWRHSDVVLQJHQ� GLH� DGDSWLHI� RQGHUZLMV� RQGHU�VWHXQHQ��ZRUGHQ�QDXZHOLMNV�JHEUXLNW��+HW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�YRRU�WRHWVLQJ�LV�GHPLQVW�JHEUXLNWH�GLGDFWLVFKH�WRHSDVVLQJ�YDQ�,&7�
,&7�LQIUDVWUXFWXXU ��
�� ICT-INFRASTRUCTUUR
'LW� KRRIGVWXN� JHHIW� HHQ� RYHU]LFKW� YDQ� GH� ,&7�LQIUDVWUXFWXXU� RS� EDVLVVFKROHQ��$FKWHU�HHQYROJHQV� NRPHQ� JHJHYHQV� DDQ� ERG� RYHU� KHW� DDQWDO� FRPSXWHUV� �SDUDJUDDI� ������ GHNHQPHUNHQ� YDQ� GH� EHVFKLNEDUH� DSSDUDWXXU� �SDUDJUDIHQ� ����� ���� HQ� ����� HQ� GHFRPPXQLFDWLHPRJHOLMNKHGHQ�PHW�EHKXOS�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV� �SDUDJUDDI�������+HW�KRRIGVWXNVOXLW�DI�PHW�HHQ�VDPHQYDWWLQJ�YDQ�GH�UHVXOWDWHQ��SDUDJUDDI������
3.1 Verspreidingsgraad van computers
(HQ�GRRUVQHH�EDVLVVFKRRO�EHVFKLNW�RYHU����FRPSXWHUV��+LHUYDQ�ZRUGHQ� WZHH� DSSDUDWHQXLWVOXLWHQG� YRRU� DGPLQLVWUDWLHYH� GRHOHLQGHQ�JHEUXLNW��'H� RYHULJH� WZLQWLJ� FRPSXWHUV� ]LMQEHVFKLNEDDU�YRRU�RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ��,Q�HHQ�WLMGVEHVWHN�YDQ�HHQ�MDDU�LV�GH�EHVFKLNEDDU�KHLG� YDQ� FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU� LQ� KHW� EDVLVRQGHUZLMV� PHW� ELMQD� ���� WRHJHQRPHQ� �WDEHO������(HQ�FRPELQDWLH�YDQ�IDFWRUHQ�OLJW�DDQ�GH]H�VWLMJLQJ�WHQ�JURQGVODJ��2S�GH�HHUVWH�SODDWVKHEEHQ� YHHO� EDVLVVFKROHQ� H[WUD� FRPSXWHUV� DDQJHVFKDIW� YLD� GH� WRHQPDOLJH� 6WLFKWLQJ&RPSXWHUEHPLGGHOLQJ� 2QGHUZLMV� �6&%2��� 'H]H� RUJDQLVDWLH� PDDNW� FRPSXWHUV� JHVFKLNWYRRU�KHUJHEUXLN�HQ�ELHGW�RQGHUZLMVLQVWHOOLQJHQ�GH�PRJHOLMNKHLG�RP�YRRU�HHQ�UHODWLHI� ODDJEHGUDJ� GH]H� ]RJHQDDPGH�)XUELH�DSSDUDWXXU� DDQ� WH� VFKDIIHQ��'DDUQDDVW� KHEEHQ� VFKROHQYDQ�GH�RYHUKHLG�H[WUD�ILQDQFLsOH�PLGGHOHQ�RQWYDQJHQ�YRRU�,&7��'DDUELM�NRPW�GDW�,&7�QDKHW�YHUVFKLMQHQ�YDQ�GH�QRWDV�,QYHVWHUHQ�LQ�YRRUVSURQJ�HQ�2QGHUZLMV�RQ�OLQH�ZHHU�KRRJRS�GH�EHOHLGVDJHQGD�YDQ�YHHO�VFKROHQ�VWDDW�
7DEHO ���%HVFKLNEDDUKHLG YDQ FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU XLWJHGUXNW LQ DDQWDO FRPSXWHUV
%HVFKLNEDDUKHLG ���� YHUVFKLO ���������
7RWDDO DDQWDO FRPSXWHUV �� ��
&RPSXWHUV EHVFKLNEDDU YRRU RQGHUZLMV �� ��
&RPSXWHUV XLWVOXLWHQG EHVFKLNEDDU YRRU
DGPLQLVWUDWLH � ��
'H�WUHQG�RP�IRUV�WH�LQYHVWHUHQ�LQ�XLWEUHLGLQJ�YDQ�FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU�GLHQGH�]LFK�UHHGVDDQ� LQ� GH� SHULRGH� ���������� �ILJXXU� ������ 'H� KXLGLJH� FLMIHUV� ODWHQ� ]LHQ� GDW� KHW� DDQWDOFRPSXWHUV�RS�EDVLVVFKROHQ�LQ�HHQ�WLMGVEHVWHN�YDQ�WZHH�MDDU�������������LV�YHUGULHYRXGLJG�
2P�GH�EHVFKLNEDDUKHLG�YDQ�FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU�WXVVHQ�VFKROHQ�WH�NXQQHQ�YHUJHOLMNHQ��LVKHW�QRRG]DNHOLMN�GDW�UHNHQLQJ�ZRUGW�JHKRXGHQ�PHW�GH�VFKRROJURRWWH��'LW�JHEHXUW�GRRU�GHOHHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR�WH�EHUHNHQHQ��'H]H�UDWLR�LV�KHW�YHUKRXGLQJVJHWDO�WXVVHQ�KHW�DDQWDOOHHUOLQJHQ�YDQ�HHQ�VFKRRO�HQ�KHW�DDQWDO�FRPSXWHUV��'H�JHPLGGHOGH�OHHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLRYRRU� RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ� LV� PRPHQWHHO� ���� 'LW� EHWHNHQW� HHQ� EHVFKLNEDDUKHLG� YDQ� ppQFRPSXWHU�YRRU�HONH�]HYHQWLHQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
)LJXXU ���2QWZLNNHOLQJ YDQ KHW JHPLGGHOG DDQWDO FRPSXWHUV SHU EDVLVVFKRRO YDQDI ����
(HQ� MDDU� JHOHGHQ� EHVFKLNWHQ� EDVLVVFKROHQ� YRRU� RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ� RYHU� ppQ� FRPSXWHUYRRU�HONH����OHHUOLQJHQ��'LW�NRPW�QHHU�RS�HHQ�GDOLQJ�YDQ�GH�OHHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR�PHWHHQ�GHUGH�LQ�HHQ�WLMGVEHVWHN�YDQ�ppQ�MDDU��'H]H�RQWZLNNHOLQJ�GUDDJW�HU�WRH�ELM�GDW�OHHUOLQJHQVWHHGV�YDNHU�GH�JHOHJHQKHLG�NDQ�ZRUGHQ�JHERGHQ�RP�PHW�FRPSXWHUV�WH�ZHUNHQ�9RRU� GH� EHUHNHQLQJ� YDQ� GH� OHHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR� NDQ� RRN�ZRUGHQ� XLWJHJDDQ� YDQ� KHWWRWDDO� DDQWDO� RS� VFKRRO� DDQZH]LJH� FRPSXWHUV�� (U�ZRUGW� GDQ� JHHQ� RQGHUVFKHLG� JHPDDNWWXVVHQ�FRPSXWHUV�YRRU�RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ� HQ� DQGHUH� WRHSDVVLQJHQ� ]RDOV� DGPLQLVWUDWLHIJHEUXLN��'H]H� UDWLR� ODDW� HHQ� YHUJHOLMNEDUH� WRHQDPH� YDQ� FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU� ]LHQ� DOV� GHOHHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR� YRRU� RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ�� (HQ� RYHU]LFKW� YDQ� GH� YHUVFKLOOHQGHLQGLFDWRUHQ�YRRU�GH�EHVFKLNEDDUKHLG�YDQ�FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU�LV�RSJHQRPHQ�LQ�WDEHO�����
7DEHO ���%HVFKLNEDDUKHLG YDQ FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU XLWJHGUXNW LQ YHUKRXGLQJ WRW DDQWDO OHHUOLQJHQ
%HVFKLNEDDUKHLG ���� YHUVFKLO ���������
/HHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR WRWDDO DDQWDO FRPSXWHUV �� ��
/HHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR YRRU RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ �� ���
/HHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR YRRU DGPLQLVWUDWLHYH
GRHOHLQGHQ ��� ���
,Q������EHVFKLNWH�����YDQ�GH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�RYHU� WHQPLQVWH� ppQ� FRPSXWHU� YRRU� HONH� ��OHHUOLQJHQ��,QPLGGHOV�GRHW�GH]H�VLWXDWLH�]LFK�YRRU�ELM�UXLP�HHQ�NZDUW�YDQ�GH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�8LW�HHQ�QDGHUH�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�YDQ�GH�KXLGLJH� OHHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR�PHW�GH�JHJHYHQV�YDQHHQ�MDDU�JHOHGHQ�NRPW�QDDU�YRUHQ�GDW�GH�YHUVFKLOOHQ�WXVVHQ�VFKROHQ�LQ�GH�EHVFKLNEDDUKHLGYDQ� FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU� NOHLQHU� ]LMQ� JHZRUGHQ��'LW� LV� DI� WH� OH]HQ� XLW� ILJXXU� ����ZDDUXLWEOLMNW�GDW�GH�VSUHLGLQJ�LQ�GH�OHHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR�DDQPHUNHOLMN�LV�YHUPLQGHUG��'LW�ZLMVWHU�RS�GDW�EDVLVVFKROHQ�]RGDQLJ�LQYHVWHUHQ�LQ�GH�DDQVFKDI�YDQ�FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU�GDW�GHYHUVFKLOOHQ�WXVVHQ�DFKWHUEOLMYHUV�HQ�YRRUORSHUV�VWHHGV�NOHLQHU�ZRUGHQ��9RRU�����YDQ�GHEDVLVVFKROHQ� OLJW�GH� OHHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR�PRPHQWHHO� WXVVHQ���HQ�����2S�EDVLV�YDQ�GHRQWZLNNHOLQJHQ�]RDOV�GLH�]LFK�LQ�GH�DIJHORSHQ�MDUHQ�KHEEHQ�YRRUJHGDDQ�ELM�GH�VFKROHQ�GLHQX� HHQ� OHHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR� RQGHU� GH� ��� KHEEHQ� EHUHLNW�� LV� WH� YHUZDFKWHQ� GDW� GHDQGHUH� VFKROHQ� HHQ� SHULRGH� YDQ� WZHH� WRW� GULH� MDDU� QRGLJ� KHEEHQ� RP� GH]H� VLWXDWLH� WHUHDOLVHUHQ�
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 19990
5
10
15
20
25aantal computers
,&7�LQIUDVWUXFWXXU ��
1RRW� 'H UHFKWKRHN JHHIW GH ZDDUGHQ DDQ ZDDURQGHU ��� HQ ZDDUERYHQ ��� YDQ GH VFKROHQ VFRRUW� GH KRUL]RQWDOH OLMQLQ GH UHFKWKRHN JHHIW GH PHGLDDQ DDQ� GH OLMQHQ DDQ GH XLWHLQGHQ YDQ GH UHFKWKRHN JHYHQ KHW EHUHLN DDQ YDQ GH ZDDUGHQZDDURQGHU ��� HQ ZDDUERYHQ ��� YDQ GH VFKROHQ VFRRUW�
)LJXXU ���9HUJHOLMNLQJ YDQ GH OHHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR LQ ���� HQ ����
.OHLQHUH�VFKROHQ��PLQGHU�GDQ�����OHHUOLQJHQ��EHVFKLNNHQ�RYHU�YHHO�PLQGHU�FRPSXWHUV�GDQJURWHUH�VFKROHQ��PHHU�GDQ����� OHHUOLQJHQ���'DDUHQWHJHQ� LV�GH� OHHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR�ELMGH� NOHLQHUH� VFKROHQ� DDQPHUNHOLMN� JXQVWLJHU� GDQ� ELM� JURWHUH� VFKROHQ� �WDEHO� ������ 2S� GHNOHLQHUH�VFKROHQ�VWDDW�JHPLGGHOG�YRRU�HONH����OHHUOLQJHQ�HHQ�FRPSXWHU��WHUZLMO�RS�JURWHUHVFKROHQ� ��� OHHUOLQJHQ� HHQ� FRPSXWHU� PHW� HONDDU� PRHWHQ� GHOHQ�� 'LW� EHWHNHQW� GDW� GHOHHUOLQJHQ�YDQ�NOHLQHUH�VFKROHQ�PRPHQWHHO�DDQPHUNHOLMN�PHHU�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ�KHEEHQ�RPPHW�FRPSXWHUV�WH�ZHUNHQ�GDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�YDQ�JURWHUH�VFKROHQ�
7DEHO ���%HVFKLNEDDUKHLG YDQ FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU XLWJHVSOLWVW QDDU VFKRROJURRWWH
/HHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR YRRU
RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ ���� YHUVFKLO ���������
.OHLQH VFKROHQ
�PLQGHU GDQ ��� OHHUOLQJHQ� �� ��
0LGGHOJURWH VFKROHQ
�������� OHHUOLQJHQ� �� ���
*URWH VFKROHQ
�PHHU GDQ ��� OHHUOLQJHQ� �� ��
,QWHUQDWLRQDDO�YHUJHOLMNHQG�SHUVSHFWLHI
(HQ�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�YDQ�GH�ERYHQVWDDQGH�JHJHYHQV�PHW�GLH�YDQ�HHQ�DDQWDO�DQGHUH�ODQGHQ�ODDW]LHQ�GDW�1HGHUODQG�EHKRRUW�WRW�GH�ODQGHQ�PHW�GH�JURRWVWH�EHVFKLNEDDUKHLG�YDQ�FRPSXWHU�DSSDUDWXXU� YRRU� OHHUOLQJHQ� LQ� KHW� EDVLVRQGHUZLMV�� 'H� LQWHUQDWLRQDOH� JHJHYHQV� ]LMQYHU]DPHOG�LQ�KHW�NDGHU�YDQ�GH�]RJHQRHPGH�6LWHV�VWXGLH�ZDDURYHU�LQ�KHW�QDMDDU�YDQ������LV
��������
��
��
��
��
��
��
�
OHHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
JHUDSSRUWHHUG� �3HOJUXP� � $QGHUVRQ�� ������� ,Q� GH]H� VWXGLH� ZRUGHQ� YRRU� GH� OHHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR� YHUVFKLOOHQGH� EHUHNHQLQJVZLM]HQ� JHKDQWHHUG�� (pQ� YDQ� GH� EHUHNHQLQJHQNRPW� RYHUHHQ� PHW� KHWJHHQ� KLHUERYHQ� LV� DDQJHGXLG� PHW� GH� OHHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR� RSEDVLV� YDQ�KHW� WRWDDO� DDQWDO� EHVFKLNEDUH� FRPSXWHUV� ELQQHQ� GH� VFKRRO��+HW� RYHU]LFKW� YDQUHVXOWDWHQ��WDEHO������ODDW�]LHQ�GDW�DOOHHQ�LQ�&DQDGD�GH�JHPLGGHOGH�OHHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLRJXQVWLJHU�LV�GDQ�LQ�RQV�ODQG��'H�VLWXDWLH�YDQ�GH�NOHLQHUH�VFKROHQ�LQ�RQV�ODQG�LV�PRPHQWHHOYHUJHOLMNEDDU�PHW�GLH�YDQ�GH�JHPLGGHOGH�&DQDGHVH�VFKRRO�
7DEHO ���/HHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR LQ YHUJHOLMNLQJ PHW DQGHUH ODQGHQ
/DQG
OHHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR
EHUHNHQG RYHU KHW WRWDDO DDQWDO FRPSXWHUV RS VFKRRO
&DQDGD ����
1('(5/$1' ����
)LQODQG ����
6LQJDSRUH ����
1LHXZ�=HHODQG ����
,-VODQG ����
1RRUZHJHQ ����
,VUDsO ����
)UDQNULMN ����
6ORYHQLs ����
&\SUXV ����
&KLQD +RQJ .RQJ ����
-DSDQ ����
&KLQHHV 7DSHL ����
,WDOLs �����
%URQ LQWHUQDWLRQDOH JHJHYHQV� 3HOJUXP $QGHUVRQ� ����� S����
3.2 Kenmerken van computers
Typen computers
0HHU� GDQ� ���� YDQ� GH� FRPSXWHUV� LQ� KHW� EDVLVRQGHUZLMV� LV� XLWJHUXVW�PHW� HHQ�:LQGRZV�RPJHYLQJ��,QWHO�SURFHVVRU���������������RI�3HQWLXP���(pQ�RS�GH�YLMI�FRPSXWHUV�KHHIW�HHQ3HQWLXP�SURFHVVRU��ELMQD�GH�KHOIW�HHQ�����SURFHVVRU�HQ�HHQ�GHUGH�GHHO�LV�XLWJHUXVW�PHW�HHQRXGHU�W\SH�SURFHVVRU�]RDOV�,QWHO�����RI������WDEHO�������&RPSXWHUV�GLH�ZHUNHQ�RQGHU�HHQDQGHU� EHVWXULQJVV\VWHHP� GDQ� '26�:LQGRZV�� ]RDOV� KHW� 0DF2SHUDWLQJ� V\VWHP�� NRPHQZHLQLJ� YRRU� ������ 2RN� GH� SUH�KLVWRULVFKH�W\SHQ� ]RDOV� 06;�� 3����� HQ� &��� ZRUGHQVWHHGV�PLQGHU�JHEUXLNW�������,Q�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�HHQ�MDDU�JHOHGHQ�LV�HU�YRRUDO�HHQ�WRHQDPHYDQ�FRPSXWHUV�GLH�]LMQ�XLWJHUXVW�PHW�HHQ�����SURFHVVRU�RI�3HQWLXP��'H�VWHUNH�JURHL�YDQ����FRPSXWHUV�NDQ�YHUNODDUG�ZRUGHQ�GRRU�GH� OHYHULQJ�YDQ�GH�HHUGHU�JHQRHPGH�6&%2�FRPSXWHUV�GLH�WRW�HQ�PHW������YRRUQDPHOLMN�PHW�GLW�W\SH�SURFHVVRU�XLWJHUXVW�ZDUHQ�
,&7�LQIUDVWUXFWXXU ��
7DEHO ���7\SHQ FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU
7\SH
����
� YDQ KHW WRWDDO
DDQWDO FRPSXWHUV YHUVFKLO ���������
,QWHO�SURFHVVRU ������� �� ���
,QWHO�SURFHVVRU ��� �� ���
3HQWLXP ���� RI KRJHU� �� ��
$SSOH�0DF 2SHUDWLQJ V\VWHHP � ��
2YHULJH� EY� 06;� 3����� &��� HWF� � ��
3.3 Overige apparatuurkenmerken
,Q�KHW�DIJHORSHQ�MDDU�LV�QLHW�DOOHHQ�KHW�SHUFHQWDJH�VFKROHQ�GDW�LQ�KHW�EH]LW�LV�YDQ�FRPSXWHUVPHW� HHQ� FG�URP� GULYH� VWHUN� WRHJHQRPHQ� �������� PDDU� WHJHOLMNHUWLMG� LV� RRN� KHW� DDQWDOFRPSXWHUV�PHW�HHQ�FG�URP�GULYH�JHVWHJHQ�YDQ�JHPLGGHOG�GULH�QDDU�YLMI��WDEHO�������9ULMZHOHONH� EDVLVVFKRRO� ������ KHHIW� YLHU� WRW� YLMI� FRPSXWHUV� GLH� XLWJHUXVW� ]LMQ�PHW� HHQ� FG�URPGULYH��(HQ�YHUJHOLMNEDUH�RQWZLNNHOLQJ�GRHW�]LFK�YRRU�ELM�FRPSXWHUV�GLH�JHVFKLNW�]LMQ�YRRUPXOWLPHGLDSURJUDPPDV�� (HQ� NOHLQH� JURHS� VFKROHQ� EHVFKLNWH� LQ� ����� RYHU� UHODWLHI� YHHOQRWHERRNV��+HW�DDQWDO�VFKROHQ�GDW�LQ�KHW�EH]LW�LV�YDQ�HHQ�QRWHERRN�QHHPW�JHOHLGHOLMN�WRH������� ���� ������ ������ 'RRUGDW� HU� LQ� ����� HQNHOH� VFKROHQ� ZDUHQ� PHW� UHODWLHI� YHHO�JHVSRQVRUGH�� QRWHERRNV� HQ� GH� VFKROHQ� GLH� LQ� KHW� DIJHORSHQ� MDDU� QRWHERRNV� KHEEHQDDQJHVFKDIW�PHHVWDO�ppQ�DSSDUDDW�KHEEHQ�JHNRFKW��LV�KHW�JHPLGGHOG�DDQWDO�QRWHERRNV�WHQRS]LFKWH�YDQ�YRULJ�MDDU�JHGDDOG�YDQ�����QDDU�����
7DEHO ���2YHU]LFKW YDQ VSHFLILHNH FRPSXWHUNHQPHUNHQ
���� YHUVFKLO ���������
.HQPHUN
�
VFKROHQ
DDQWDO
FRPSXWHUV
�
VFKROHQ
DDQWDO
FRPSXWHUV
8LWJHUXVW PHW HHQ FG�URP GULYH �� ��� ��� ����
*HVFKLNW YRRU FRPSXWHUSURJUDPPDV PHW
EHZHJHQGH �YLGHR� EHHOGHQ HQ JHOXLG �� ��� ��� ����
1RWHERRN�ODSWRS �� ��� �� ����
3.4 Randapparatuur
*HOHLGHOLMN� DDQ� QHHPW� GH� EHVFKLNEDDUKHLG� YDQ� PRGHUQH� UDQGDSSDUDWXXU� LQ� KHWEDVLVRQGHUZLMV�WRH��,QPLGGHOV�KHHIW�WZHHGHUGH�YDQ�GH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�HHQ�NOHXUHQSULQWHU�HQHHQGHUGH� YDQ� GH� VFKROHQ� EHVFKLNW� RYHU� HHQ� VFDQQHU�� 2YHULJH� PRGHUQH� UDQGDSSDUDWXXU]RDOV� HHQ� EHDPHU� �VFKHUPSURMHFWLH� DDQJHVWXXUG� GRRU� GH� FRPSXWHU�� FG�ZULWHU� RI� GLJLWDOHFDPHUD�LV�QRJ�PDDU�RS�ZHLQLJ�VFKROHQ�DDQZH]LJ��0HHU�GDQ�HHQ�NZDUW�YDQ�GH�EDVLVVFKROHQEHVFKLNW�RYHU�JHHQ�YDQ�GH�DSSDUDWHQ�GLH�YHUPHOG�VWDDQ�LQ�WDEHO�����
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
7DEHO ���%HVFKLNEDDUKHLG YDQ UDQGDSSDUDWXXU
5DQGDSSDUDWXXU
����
� VFKROHQ
YHUVFKLO ���������
� VFKROHQ
.OHXUHQSULQWHU �� ���
6FDQQHU �� ���
'LJLWDOH FDPHUD � ��
&G�ZULWHU � ��
6FKHUPSURMHFWLH DDQJHVWXXUG GRRU HHQ FRPSXWHU � ��
3.5 Netwerken en externe communicatie
,Q� KHW� DIJHORSHQ� MDDU� LV� KHW� SHUFHQWDJH� VFKROHQ� PHW� HHQ� ,QWHUQHW�DDQVOXLWLQJ� PHW� ���WRHJHQRPHQ��,QPLGGHOV�KHHIW�UXLP�HHQGHUGH�YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�WRHJDQJ�WRW�,QWHUQHW�:::�%LM� GH]H� VFKROHQ� NDQ� JHPLGGHOG� YDQDI� WZHH� RI� GULH� YHUVFKLOOHQGH� FRPSXWHUV� FRQWDFWZRUGHQ�JHOHJG�PHW�,QWHUQHW��WDEHO������2RN�]LMQ�HU�VWHHGV�PHHU�VFKROHQ�GLH�RYHU�HHQ�LQWHUQ�FRPSXWHUQHWZHUN�EHVFKLNNHQ��,Q�KHWDIJHORSHQ�MDDU�KHHIW�����YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�]RQ�QHWZHUN�DDQJHOHJG��,Q�WRWDDO�KHHIW�QX����YDQ�GH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�HHQ�LQWHUQ�QHWZHUN��2S�]RQ�LQWHUQ�VFKRROQHWZHUN�]LMQ�JHPLGGHOG���FRPSXWHUV�DDQJHVORWHQ�
7DEHO ���1HWZHUNDDQVOXLWLQJHQ HQ PRJHOLMNKHGHQ YRRU H[WHUQH FRPPXQLFDWLH
���� YHUVFKLO ���������
.HQPHUN
�
VFKROHQ
DDQWDO
FRPSXWHUV
�
VFKROHQ
DDQWDO
FRPSXWHUV
$DQJHVORWHQ RS HHQ QHWZHUN ELQQHQ GH
VFKRRO �� ���� ��� ����
7RHJDQJ WRW ,QWHUQHW�::: �� ��� ��� ����
,Q� ����� ZDV� KHW� YRRU� ���� YDQ� GH� VFKROHQ� QLHW� PRJHOLMN� RP� YDQXLW� VFKRRO� WHFRPPXQLFHUHQ�PHW� HHQ� DQGHUH�FRPSXWHU�EXLWHQ�GH� VFKRRO�� ,QPLGGHOV� LV� KHW� SHUFHQWDJHVFKROHQ�]RQGHU�H[WHUQH�FRPPXQLFDWLHPRJHOLMNKHGHQ�YLD�FRPSXWHUV�JHGDDOG�WRW�����9RRU� HHQ� H[WHUQH� YHUELQGLQJ� ZRUGW� RS� GH� PHHVWH� VFKROHQ� JHEUXLN� JHPDDNW� YDQ� HHQPRGHP� ���� KHHIW� HHQ� ����� .ELWV�V� PRGHP�� ���� HHQ� ����� .%LWV�V� HQ� ���� HHQ� ��.%LWV�V� PRGHP��� +HW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� HHQ� ,6'1�OLMQ� LV� WHQ� RS]LFKWH� YDQ� YRULJ� MDDUYHUGXEEHOG��,Q������KDG�����YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�HHQ�,6'1�YHUELQGLQJ�HQ� LQ������EHVFKLNW���� KLHURYHU� �ILJXXU� ������ 'H� PHHVWH� VFKROHQ� PDNHQ� YRRU� ,QWHUQHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� HHQ,6'1�YHUELQGLQJ��9HUGHU� LV� HU� HHQ�NOHLQ� DDQWDO� VFKROHQ� �����GDW�RYHU� HHQ� ]RJHQRHPGHKLJK� VSHHG� YHUELQGLQJ�EHVFKLNW��%LM� ]RQ� YHUELQGLQJ� EHGUDDJW� GH� FRPPXQLFDWLHVQHOKHLGPLQLPDDO�����.%LWV�V�
,&7�LQIUDVWUXFWXXU ��
)LJXXU ���$DQZH]LJH YHUELQGLQJVPRJHOLMNKHGHQ ELQQHQ KHW EDVLVRQGHUZLMV
3.6 Samenvatting
� ,Q� KHW� DIJHORSHQ� MDDU� LV� KHW� DDQWDO� FRPSXWHUV� LQ� KHW� EDVLVRQGHUZLMV� PHW� ELMQD� ���JHVWHJHQ�� 'H� WUHQG� RP� IRUV� WH� LQYHVWHUHQ� LQ� XLWEUHLGLQJ� YDQ� FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXUGLHQGH�]LFK�UHHGV�DDQ�LQ�������,Q�HHQ�WLMGVEHVWHN�YDQ�WZHH�MDDU�LV�KHW�DDQWDO�FRPSXWHUVRS�EDVLVVFKROHQ�YHUGULHYRXGLJG�
� 0RPHQWHHO� EHVFKLNW� HHQ� EDVLVVFKRRO� RYHU� JHPLGGHOG� ��� FRPSXWHUV�� KHWJHHQRYHUHHQNRPVW� PHW� HHQ� OHHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR� YDQ� ���� ,Q� YHUJHOLMNLQJ� PHW� DQGHUHODQGHQ� EHKRRUW� 1HGHUODQG� WRW� GH� ODQGHQ� PHW� GH� JURRWVWH� EHVFKLNEDDUKHLG� YDQFRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU�YRRU�OHHUOLQJHQ�LQ�KHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV�
� /HHUOLQJHQ� YDQ� NOHLQHUH� VFKROHQ� KHEEHQ� PHHU� JHOHJHQKHLG� RP� PHW� FRPSXWHUV� WHZHUNHQ�GDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�YDQ�JURWHUH�VFKROHQ�
� 'H� YHUVFKLOOHQ� WXVVHQ� EDVLVVFKROHQ� LQ� GH� EHVFKLNEDDUKHLG� YDQ� FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXUZRUGHQ�VWHHGV�NOHLQHU�
� %LMQD�GH�KHOIW�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU� LQ�KHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV� LV�XLWJHUXVW�PHW�HHQ,QWHO�����SURFHVVRU��(HQ�RS�GH�YLMI�FRPSXWHUV�KHHIW�HHQ�PRGHUQH�3HQWLXP�SURFHVVRU�
� +HW�DDQWDO�EDVLVVFKROHQ�GDW�EHVFKLNW�RYHU�WHQPLQVWH�ppQ�FRPSXWHU�GLH�YRRU]LHQ�LV�YDQHHQ�FG�URP�GULYH�LV�LQ�KHW�DIJHORSHQ�MDDU�PHW�ELMQD�HHQ�NZDUW�WRHJHQRPHQ��0RPHQWHHOKHHIW�WLHQ�SURFHQW�YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�QRJ�JHHQ�FRPSXWHU�ZDDURS�HHQ�FG�URP�JHOH]HQ�NDQZRUGHQ�
� 2S�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�PRGHUQH�UDQGDSSDUDWXXU� LV�RS�GH�PHHVWH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�DOOHHQ�HHQNOHXUHQSULQWHU�DDQZH]LJ��(U�]LMQ�QRJ�PDDU�ZHLQLJ�EDVLVVFKROHQ�GLH�LQ�KHW�EH]LW�]LMQ�YDQDQGHUH� PRGHUQH� UDQGDSSDUDWXXU� ]RDOV� HHQ� VFDQQHU�� GLJLWDOH� FDPHUD�� FG�ZULWHU� RIFRPSXWHUJHVWXXUGH�SURMHFWLH�DSSDUDWXXU�
� 5XLP�HHQGHUGH�YDQ�GH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�KHHIW�WRHJDQJ�WRW�,QWHUQHW��0HHVWDO�EHWUHIW�KHW�HHQ,6'1�YHUELQGLQJ�ZDDURS�WZHH�WRW�GULH�FRPSXWHUV�]LMQ�DDQJHVORWHQ�
��
��
��
� �
����
��
� �
�
��
��
��
��
���� VFKROHQ
���� ����
JHHQ YHUELQGLQJV� PRGHP ,6'1 KLJK VSHHG� KRJHU DQGHUHPRJHOLMNKHLG GDQ ��� NELWV�V YHUELQGLQJ
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
2QGHUZLMVFRQFHSW HQ ,&7�EHOHLG ��
�� ONDERWIJSCONCEPT EN ICT-BELEID
,Q�GLW�KRRIGVWXN�NRPHQ�YHUVFKLOOHQGH�EHOHLGVDVSHFWHQ�WHQ�DDQ]LHQ�YDQ�GH�LQYRHULQJ�HQ�KHWJHEUXLN� YDQ� FRPSXWHUV� LQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� DDQ� ERG�� ,Q� KHW� ELM]RQGHU� ZRUGW� DDQGDFKWEHVWHHG� DDQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW� YDQ� VFKROHQ� �SDUDJUDDI� ����� HQ� GH� ELMGUDJH� YDQ� GHFRPSXWHU�DDQ�GH�UHDOLVDWLH�YDQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW��SDUDJUDDI�������3DUDJUDDI�����JHHIWHHQ� RYHU]LFKW� YDQ� GH� EHOHLGVGRHOHQ� GLH� VFKROHQ� QDVWUHYHQ� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� ,&7� HQ� GHPDWH�ZDDULQ�GH]H�]LMQ�JHUHDOLVHHUG��,QYHVWHULQJHQ�YDQ�VFKROHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7�LQGH�DIJHORSHQ�MDUHQ�ZRUGHQ�EHVFKUHYHQ�LQ�SDUDJUDDI������'H�VORWSDUDJUDDI�������EHYDW�HHQVDPHQYDWWLQJ�YDQ�GH�UHVXOWDWHQ�
4.1 Onderwijsconcept
'H�YHUDQGHULQJHQ�GLH�]LFK�YRRUGRHQ� LQ�GH� VDPHQOHYLQJ� VWHOOHQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�QLHW� DOOHHQYRRU�GH�WDDN�RP�OHHUOLQJHQ�YRRU�WH�EHUHLGHQ�RS�KHW�RPJDDQ�PHW�LQIRUPDWLH��HQ�FRPPXQL�FDWLHWHFKQRORJLH��9DQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�ZRUGW�RRN�YHUZDFKW�GDW�KHW�� HHQ�ELMGUDJH�OHYHUW�DDQ�RSORVVLQJHQ�YRRU�VRFLDOH��FXOWXUHOH�HQ�HFRQRPLVFKH�SUREOHPHQ
LQ�GH�VDPHQOHYLQJ�� LQ�YROGRHQGH�PDWH�IOH[LEHO�LV�HQ�WHJHPRHW�NRPW�DDQ�VSHFLILHNH�EHKRHIWHQ�YDQ�PHQVHQ�� LQVSHHOW�RS�GH�PDDWVFKDSSHOLMNH�RQWZLNNHOLQJ�YDQ�OHYHQVODQJ�OHUHQ�
2P�DDQ�GH]H�PDDWVFKDSSHOLMNH�YHUODQJHQV� WHJHPRHW� WH�NRPHQ��RQWZLNNHOW�KHW�RQGHUZLMV]LFK�YRRUWGXUHQG��'DDUELM�LV�PRPHQWHHO�YHHO�DDQGDFKW�YRRU�GH�LQULFKWLQJ�YDQ�KHW�RQGHU�ZLMV� YROJHQV�GH�XLWJDQJVSXQWHQ�YDQ� DGDSWLHI�RQGHUZLMV�� OHUHQ� OHUHQ� RI� HHQ� FRQVWUXFWLYLV�WLVFKH�EHQDGHULQJ��'H]H�EHQDGHULQJHQ�KHEEHQ�PHW�HONDDU�JHPHHQ�GDW�]H�YHHO�NHQPHUNHQKHEEHQ�YDQ�HHQ�ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG�RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW��%LM�HHQ�ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG�RQGHU�ZLMVFRQFHSW�LV�HU�VSUDNH�YDQ�DIVWHPPLQJ�YDQ�KHW�OHHUSURFHV�RS�GH�EHKRHIWHQ�HQ�YDDUGLJ�KHGHQ�YDQ�GH�LQGLYLGXHOH�OHHUOLQJHQ��HHQ�JHGHHOGH�YHUDQWZRRUGHOLMNKHLG�YDQ�OHHUNUDFKW�HQOHHUOLQJHQ�YRRU�GH�LQULFKWLQJ�YDQ�KHW�OHHUSURFHV�HQ�GH�PRJHOLMNKHLG�YRRU�OHHUOLQJHQ�RP�LQHLJHQ�WHPSR�WH�ZHUNHQ��7HJHQRYHU�ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG�RQGHUZLMV�VWDDW�XQLIRUP�NODVVLNDDORQGHUZLMV�� %LQQHQ� XQLIRUP� NODVVLNDDO� RQGHUZLMV� NULMJHQ� OHHUOLQJHQ� YHHODO� NODVVLNDOHLQVWUXFWLH��RQWYDQJHQ�DOOH�OHHUOLQJHQ�RS�KHW]HOIGH�WLMGVWLS�LQVWUXFWLH�HQ�ZRUGW�GH�LQULFKWLQJYDQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� YROOHGLJ� DDQJHVWXXUG� GRRU� GH� OHHUNUDFKW�� ,Q� GH� ,&7�PRQLWRU� LV� KHWRQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW� YDQ� VFKROHQ� LQ� NDDUW� JHEUDFKW� PHW� EHKXOS� YDQ� HHQ� YHU]DPHOLQJXLWVSUDNHQ��'H]H�XLWVSUDNHQ�]LMQ�]RGDQLJ�JHVHOHFWHHUG�GDW�]H�JHVFKLNW�]LMQ�RP�VFKROHQ� WHRUGHQHQ�QDDU�GH�PDWH�ZDDULQ�UHNHQLQJ�ZRUGW�JHKRXGHQ�PHW�YHUVFKLOOHQ�WXVVHQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�(HQ�RYHU]LFKW�YDQ�GH�XLWVSUDNHQ�HQ�KHW�EHODQJ�GDW�GH�GLUHFWLH�YDQ�EDVLVVFKROHQ�DDQ�HON�YDQGH]H�XLWVSUDNHQ�WRHNHQW�YRRU�GH�LQULFKWLQJ�YDQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV��LV�ZHHUJHJHYHQ�LQ�WDEHO�����
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
7DEHO ���2YHU]LFKW YDQ XLWVSUDNHQ EHWUHIIHQGH KHW EHODQJ YDQ KHW RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW YDQ EDVLVVFKROHQ
EHODQJ YRRU KHW RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW
ELM SHUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ
8LWVSUDDN
QDXZHOLMNV�
JHHQ HQLJV]LQV JURRW
=ZDNNHUH OHHUOLQJHQ NULMJHQ DSDUWH LQVWUXFWLH � �� ��
(HQ GLGDFWLHN JHULFKW RS ]HOIVWDQGLJ OHUHQ � �� ��
/HHUOLQJHQ KHEEHQ WLMGHQV GH OHV GH JHOHJHQKHLG
RP LQ HLJHQ WHPSR WH OHUHQ HQ�RI WH ZHUNHQ � �� ��
/HUHQ GRRU WH GRHQ � �� ��
/HHUOLQJHQ ZHUNHQ PHW HONDDU VDPHQ � �� ��
+HW RQGHUZLMV LV ]RGDQLJ LQJHULFKW GDW UHNHQLQJ
ZRUGW JHKRXGHQ PHW YHUVFKLOOHQ WXVVHQ OHHU�
OLQJHQ LQ EHJLQQLYHDX� OHHUVWLMO� OHHUWHPSR HQ
OHHUZHJ� � �� ��
$OOH NLQGHUHQ NULMJHQ RS KHW]HOIGH WLMGVWLS
GH]HOIGH OHHUVWRI DDQJHERGHQ �� �� ��
/HHULQKRXGHQ ZRUGHQ JHUHODWHHUG DDQ KHW GDJH�
OLMNV OHYHQ � �� ��
/HHUOLQJHQ GRHQ YHHO DDQ ]HOIFRQWUROH � �� ��
/HHUOLQJHQ ZHUNHQ GH OHHUVWRI DOOHPDDO LQ
GH]HOIGH YROJRUGH GRRU �� �� ��
'H OHUDDU GHHOW GH YHUDQWZRRUGHOLMNKHLG YRRU GH
YRRUWJDQJ YDQ KHW OHHUSURFHV PHW GH OHHUOLQJHQ �� �� ��
2QGHUGHOHQ YDQ OHHU� HQ YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ ZRU�
GHQ PHW HONDDU JHFRPELQHHUG �� �� ��
'H OHUDDU ULFKW ]LMQ KDQGHOHQ RS GH LQWHUHVVHV HQ
EHKRHIWHQ YDQ GH LQGLYLGXHOH OHHUOLQJ �� �� ��
9DDUGLJKHGHQ DOV ]RHNHQ QDDU LQIRUPDWLH�
YHUZHUNHQ YDQ JHJHYHQV HQ SUHVHQWHUHQ YDQ
LQIRUPDWLH VWDDQ FHQWUDDO LQ GH PDQLHU ZDDURS
KHW RQGHUZLMV YRRU OHHUOLQJHQ LV LQJHULFKW �� �� ��
/HHUOLQJHQ NLH]HQ RQGHUZHUSHQ QDDU HLJHQ
LQWHUHVVH �� �� ��
/HHUOLQJHQ PDNHQ JHEUXLN YDQ HHQ VWXGLHZLM]HU
�HHQ RYHU]LFKW YDQ RSGUDFKWHQ YRRU HHQ
EHSDDOG OHHUVWRIRQGHUGHHO PHW DDQZLM]LQJHQ
YRRU GH XLWYRHULQJ� �� �� �
:DQQHHU� HHQ� YHU]DPHOLQJ� XLWVSUDNHQ� WH]DPHQ� HHQ]HOIGH� RQGHUOLJJHQG� FRQFHSWUHSUHVHQWHHUW�� LV�HU�VSUDNH�YDQ�HHQ� VFKDDO��'H�YHU]DPHOLQJ�XLWVSUDNHQ� LQ� WDEHO�����YRUPWHHQ�VFKDDO�YRRU�KHW�PHWHQ�YDQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW�YDQ�HHQ�VFKRRO��'H�EHWURXZEDDUKHLGYDQ�GH]H�VFKDDO�EHGUDDJW�������HHQ�ZDDUGH�ERYHQ������LV�HHQ�LQGLFDWLH�YDQ�HHQ�]HHU�JRHGHEHWURXZEDDUKHLG��'H�YHUGHOLQJ�YDQ�GH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�RS�GH�VFKDDO� RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW� LV� LQ
2QGHUZLMVFRQFHSW HQ ,&7�EHOHLG ��
ILJXXU�����JUDILVFK�ZHHUJHJHYHQ��'H�VFKDDOZDDUGHQ�YDULsUHQ�WXVVHQ���HQ������'H�VSUHLGLQJYDQ�VFKROHQ�RYHU�GH�VFKDDOZDDUGHQ�EHQDGHUW�HHQ�]RJHQRHPGH�QRUPDDOYHUGHOLQJ�GLH�LQ�GHILJXXU�PHW�HHQ� OLMQ� LV�DDQJHJHYHQ��'H�ILJXXU� ODDW�]LHQ�GDW�HHQ�JURRW�GHHO�YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ]RZHO�NHQPHUNHQ�YDQ�XQLIRUP�NODVVLNDDO�RQGHUZLMV�DOV�YDQ�ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG�RQGHUZLMVKHHIW��([WUHPH� YRUPHQ� YDQ� ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG�RI� XQLIRUP�NODVVLNDDO� RQGHUZLMV� NRPHQQDXZHOLMNV� YRRU�� 9HUGHU� ODDW� GH]H� YHUGHOLQJ� ]LHQ� GDW� HU� WXVVHQ� EDVLVVFKROHQ� HHQ� ULMNHYDULDWLH�EHVWDDW�LQ�DUUDQJHPHQWHQ�YDQ�RQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV�
)LJXXU ���9HUGHOLQJ YDQ EDVLVVFKROHQ RS GH VFKDDO RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW LQ UHODWLH WRW HHQ VWDWLVWLVFKH QRUPDDO�YHUGHOLQJ
4.2 Bijdrage van computers aan realisatie onderwijsconcept
'H�GLUHFWLHV�YDQ�EDVLVVFKROHQ�LV�JHYUDDJG�LQ�ZHONH�PDWH�GH�FRPSXWHU�HHQ�ELMGUDJH� OHYHUWDDQ�GH�YHUVFKLOOHQGH� DVSHFWHQ�YDQ�KHW� RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW��2P�GH]H�ELMGUDJH� ]LFKWEDDU� WHPDNHQ� ZRUGHQ� WZHH� EHQDGHULQJVZLM]HQ� JHSUHVHQWHHUG�� (HUVW� ZRUGW� JHNHNHQ� QDDU� GHDVSHFWHQ� YDQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW� ZDDU� GH� FRPSXWHU� HHQ� JURWH� ELMGUDJH� DDQ� OHYHUW�'DDUQD�YROJW�HHQ�LQWHJUDOH�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�WXVVHQ�RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW�HQ�FRPSXWHUELMGUDJH�
Bijdrage van computers aan aspecten van het onderwijsconcept
,Q�ILJXXU�����]LMQ�GH�DVSHFWHQ�YDQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�YHUPHOG�ZDDUDDQ�FRPSXWHUV�GH�JURRWVWHELMGUDJH�OHYHUHQ��'H�ILJXXU�ODDW�]LHQ�GDW�FRPSXWHUV�HHQ�JURWH�ELMGUDJH�OHYHUHQ�DDQ�VFKROHQGLH� KHW� EHODQJULMN� YLQGHQ�GDW� OHHUOLQJHQ� YDDUGLJKHGHQ� OHUHQ� DOV� ]RHNHQ� QDDU� LQIRUPDWLH�YHUZHUNHQ� YDQ� JHJHYHQV� HQ� SUHVHQWHUHQ� YDQ� LQIRUPDWLH�� ,Q� WRWDDO� YLQGW� ���� YDQ� GHVFKROHQ� GH]H� YDDUGLJKHGHQ� YDQ� JURRW� EHODQJ� YRRU� GH� PDQLHU� ZDDURS� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� LVLQJHULFKW�� 9DQ� GH]H� VFKROHQ� ����� YDQ� GH� KHOH� SRSXODWLH�� JHHIW� ELMQD� ���� DDQ� GDWFRPSXWHUV� HHQ� JURWH� ELMGUDJH� OHYHUHQ� DDQ� KHW� UHDOLVHUHQ� YDQ� GH]H� YDDUGLJKHGHQ�� 9HUGHUHUYDUHQ�YRRUDO�GH�VFKROHQ�GLH�KHW�EHODQJULMN�YLQGHQ�GDW�OHHUOLQJHQ�GH�PRJHOLMNKHLG�ZRUGW
DDQWDO VFKROHQ
�������������������
��
��
��
��
��
��
�
← XQLIRUP�NODVVLNDDO ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG →
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
JHERGHQ� RP� RQGHUZHUSHQ� QDDU� HLJHQ� LQWHUHVVH� WH� NLH]HQ�� YHHO� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� YDQ� GHFRPSXWHU�(FKWHU��GLW�DVSHFW�ZRUGW�GRRU�VOHFKWV�����YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�DOV�HHQ�EHODQJULMNH�HOHPHQW�YDQKHW�RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW�JH]LHQ�'H�PHHVWH� VFKROHQ� ZDDUGHUHQ� GH� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� GLH� GH� FRPSXWHU� NDQ� JHYHQ� ELM� DSDUWHLQVWUXFWLH� DDQ� GH� ]ZDNNHUH� OHHUOLQJHQ�� 'RRU� ���� YDQ� GH� VFKROHQ� ZRUGW� GLW� DOV� HHQEHODQJULMN�DVSHFW�YDQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW�JH]LHQ��%LMQD�����YDQ�GH]H�VFKROHQ�HUYDDUW�LQPHHU�RI�PLQGHUH�PDWH�HHQ�ELMGUDJH�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�ELM�KHW�JHYHQ�YDQ�DSDUWH� LQVWUXFWLHDDQ�]ZDNNHUH�OHHUOLQJHQ�2YHU� KHW� DOJHPHHQ� YHUYXOW� GH� FRPSXWHU� HHQ� EHODQJULMNH� URO� ELM� KHW� UHDOLVHUHQ� YDQNHQPHUNHQ�GLH�YHUZLM]HQ�QDDU�ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG�RQGHUZLMV��9DQ�GH�VFKROHQ�GLH�DVSHFWHQYDQ� XQLIRUP� NODVVLNDDO� RQGHUZLMV� YDQ� JURRW� EHODQJ� DFKWHQ�� HUYDUHQ� HU� PDDU� ZHLQLJ� HHQELMGUDJH� YDQ� GH� FRPSXWHU�� $OV� NHQPHUN� YDQ� XQLIRUP� NODVVLNDDO� RQGHUZLMV� JHOGWELMYRRUEHHOG� GDW� DOOH� OHHUOLQJHQ� RS� KHW]HOIGH� PRPHQW� GH]HOIGH� OHHUVWRI� DDQJHERGHQNULMJHQ��9RRU�����YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�LV�GLW�DVSHFW�YDQ�JURRW�EHODQJ�YRRU�GH�PDQLHU�ZDDURSKHW�RQGHUZLMV�LV�LQJHULFKW��6OHFKWV����YDQ�GH]H�VFKROHQ�HUYDDUW�KLHUELM�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�YDQGH�FRPSXWHU�
1RRW� ,Q KHW UHFKWHU GHHO YDQ GH ILJXXU YHUZLMVW ���� QDDU GH JHKHOH SRSXODWLH EDVLVVFKROHQ� LQ KHW OLQNHU GHHO YDQ GHILJXXU YHUZLMVW ���� QDDU GH SURSRUWLH YDQ GH SRSXODWLH GLH LQ KHW UHFKWHU GHHO LV DDQJHJHYHQ��
)LJXXU ���9HUJHOLMNLQJ WXVVHQ KHW SHUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ ZDDUELM HHQ DVSHFW YDQ KHW RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW YDQ JURRWEHODQJ LV �OLQNHU GHHO YDQ KHW ILJXXU� HQ GH ELMGUDJH GLH GH FRPSXWHU RS GH]H VFKROHQ OHYHUW DDQ GHUHDOLVDWLH YDQ KHW EHWUHIIHQGH DVSHFW �UHFKWHU GHHO YDQ KHW ILJXXU�
Samenhang tussen onderwijsconcept en bijdrage van computers
:DQQHHU�GH�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�WXVVHQ�RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW�HQ�ELMGUDJH�YDQ�,&7�QLHW�EHSHUNW�EOLMIWWRW�GH�DVSHFWHQ�GLH�YDQ�JURRW�EHODQJ�]LMQ�YRRU�KHW�RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW��RQWVWDDW�HHQ�LQWHJUDOHYHUJHOLMNLQJ� WXVVHQ� RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW� HQ� FRPSXWHUELMGUDJH�� ,Q� ILJXXU� ���� LV� YLD� HHQSXQWHQZRON� HQ� ELMEHKRUHQGH� UHJUHVVLHOLMQ� GH� VDPHQKDQJ�ZHHUJHJHYHQ� WXVVHQ� RQGHUZLMV�FRQFHSW�HQ�GH�ELMGUDJH�GLH�FRPSXWHUV�OHYHUHQ�DDQ�GH�UHDOLVDWLH�GDDUYDQ�
]RHNHQ QDDU LQIRUPDWLH
UXLPWH YRRU LQWHUHVVH YDQ OHHUOLQJHQ
OHUHQ GRRU WH GRHQ
]ZDNNH OHHUOLQJHQ DSDUWH LQVWUXFWLH
LQ HLJHQ WHPSR ZHUNHQ
YHHO ]HOIFRQWUROH GRRU OHHUOLQJHQ
UHNHQLQJ KRXGHQ PHW YHUVFKLOOHQ
OHUDDU ULFKW KDQGHOHQ RS LQWHUHVVHQ YDQ OHHUOLQJHQ
OHHUOLQJHQ ZHUNHQ VDPHQ
OHHUOLQJHQ JHEUXLNHQ VWXGLHZLM]HU
]HOIVWDQGLJ OHUHQ
������ � �� ���
RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW JURWH ELMGUDJH EHSHUNWH ELMGUDJH
SHUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ
2QGHUZLMVFRQFHSW HQ ,&7�EHOHLG ��
)LJXXU ���3ORW YDQ GH VDPHQKDQJ WXVVHQ RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW HQ GH ELMGUDJH GLH FRPSXWHUV OHYHUHQ DDQ GHUHDOLVDWLH
'H� VSUHLGLQJ�YDQ�GH�SXQWHQZRON� RYHU� GH� YLHU� NZDGUDQWHQ� LOOXVWUHHUW� GDW� FRPSXWHUV� HHQELMGUDJH�OHYHUHQ�DDQ�HON�RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW��(FKWHU��GH�UHJUHVVLHOLMQ�LQ�KHW�NZDGUDQW�UHFKWV�ERYHQ� ODDW�]LHQ�GDW�GH�JURRWVWH�ELMGUDJH�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV�ZRUGW�HUYDUHQ�GRRU� VFKROHQ�GLHJHNHQPHUNW�ZRUGHQ�GRRU�ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG�RQGHUZLMV��2YHULJHQV�ODDW�GH�SXQWHQZRON�LQKHW� NZDGUDQW� OLQNVERYHQ� ]LHQ� GDW� ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG� RQGHUZLMV� RS� YHHO� VFKROHQ� RRN]RQGHU�HHQ�JURWH�ELMGUDJH�YDQ�,&7�NDQ�ZRUGHQ�JHUHDOLVHHUG��*HFRQFOXGHHUG�NDQ�ZRUGHQGDW� YRRUDO� VFKROHQ� PHW� HHQ� ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG� RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW� SURILWHUHQ� YDQ� GHPRJHOLMNKHGHQ�GLH�,&7�WH�ELHGHQ�KHHIW�
Longitudinale vergelijking
,Q�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�GH�JHJHYHQV�YDQ������LV�KHW�RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW�LHWV�YHUVFKRYHQ�ULFKWLQJULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG�RQGHUZLMV��+HW�YHUVFKLO� LQ�RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW� WXVVHQ�GLW� MDDU� HQ�YRULJMDDU� LV� QLHW� VLJQLILFDQW� �ILJXXU� ������'H� ELMGUDJH� YDQ� FRPSXWHUV� DDQ� GH� UHDOLVDWLH� YDQ� KHWRQGHUZLMV�LV�LQ�KHW�DIJHORSHQ�MDDU�HYHQHHQV�WRHJHQRPHQ��(HQ�WLMGVEHVWHN�YDQ�HHQ�MDDU�LV�WHNRUW� RP� VLJQLILFDQWH� YHUVFKXLYLQJHQ� LQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW� YDQ� VFKROHQ� WH� PRJHQYHUZDFKWHQ��'H�JHJHYHQV�NXQQHQ�ZRUGHQ�JH]LHQ�DOV�HHQ�LQGLFDWLH�YRRU�GH�ULFKWLQJ�YDQ�GHWRHNRPVWLJH�YHUDQGHULQJ�
�
��
��
��
������������
���
��
EHWHNHQLV YDQ GH FRPSXWHU
EHSHUNWH ELMGUDJH
FRPSXWHUV
JURWH ELMGUDJH
FRPSXWHUV
ULMN�JHG
LIIHUHQWLHH
UG
RQGHUZLMVFRQFH
SW
XQLIRUP
�NODVVLNDDO
RQGHUZLMVFRQFH
SW
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
)LJXXU ���9HUJHOLMNLQJ WXVVHQ RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW HQ GH ELMGUDJH YDQ FRPSXWHUV LQ ���� HQ ����
4.3 Beleid
6WHHGV� PHHU� EDVLVVFKROHQ� ZHUNHQ� DDQ� HHQ� V\VWHPDWLVFK� EHOHLG� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� ,&7�5XLP�GH�KHOIW� YDQ�GH�EDVLVVFKROHQ� LV�PRPHQWHHO� EH]LJ�PHW� KHW� RSVWHOOHQ� YDQ� HHQ� ,&7�EHOHLGVSODQ� HQ�ELMQD� ����YDQ�GH� VFKROHQ�EHVFKLNW� RYHU� HHQ� GRFXPHQW�ZDDULQ� KHW� ,&7�EHOHLG�YDQ�GH�VFKRRO�VFKULIWHOLMN�LV�YDVWJHOHJG��+HW�DDQWDO�VFKROHQ�GDW�]LFK�EH]LJKRXGW�PHWEHOHLGVRQWZLNNHOLQJ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7�LV�LQ�KHW�DIJHORSHQ�MDDU�VWHUN�WRHJHQRPHQ��(HQMDDU�JHOHGHQ�KLHOG�����YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�]LFK�QRJ�QLHW�EH]LJ�PHW�KHW�RSVWHOOHQ�YDQ�HHQ�,&7�EHOHLGVSODQ�� ,QPLGGHOV� LV�KHW�PHUHQGHHO�YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ� ������DFWLHI�EH]LJ�PHW� V\VWHPD�WLVFKH�EHOHLGVYRHULQJ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7��2YHULJHQV�EOLMNW�XLW�GH�UHVXOWDWHQ�GLH�KLHUQDZRUGHQ�EHVFKUHYHQ��GDW�GH�PHHVWH�VFKROHQ�ZDDUELM�KHW�,&7�EHOHLG�QLHW�VFKULIWHOLMN�LV�YDVW�JHOHJG��ZHO�EHOHLGVGRHOHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7�QDVWUHYHQ�
ICT-beleidsdoelen op het gebied van administratie en beheer
9ULMZHO�DOOH�EDVLVVFKROHQ� ������VWUHYHQ�ppQ�RI�PHHUGHUH�EHOHLGVGRHOHQ�QD�RS�KHW�JHELHGYDQ� ,&7�JHEUXLN� YRRU� DGPLQLVWUDWLH� HQ� EHKHHU� �WDEHO� ������ %LMQD� GH� KHOIW� YDQ� GH� EDVLV�VFKROHQ�JHHIW�DDQ�GDW�GH]H�GRHOVWHOOLQJHQ��ELMQD��YROOHGLJ�]LMQ�JHUHDOLVHHUG��(HQ�NOHLQ�GHHOYDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�VWDDW�QRJ�DDQ�KHW�EHJLQ�YDQ�KHW�LQYRHULQJVWUDMHFW�YDQ�,&7�YRRU�DGPLQLVWUD�WLHI�JHEUXLN�
7DEHO ���,&7�EHOHLGVGRHOVWHOOLQJHQ HQ GH PDWH YDQ UHDOLVDWLH RS KHW JHELHG YDQ DGPLQLVWUDWLH HQ EHKHHU
SHUFHQWDJH EDVLVVFKROHQ
QDJHVWUHHIG PDWH YDQ UHDOLVDWLH
2PVFKULMYLQJ
�ELMQD�
YROOHGLJ JHGHHOWHOLMN QLHW
$XWRPDWLVHULQJ YDQ KHW ELMKRXGHQ
YDQ OHHUOLQJJHJHYHQV �� �� �� ��
$XWRPDWLVHULQJ YDQ RYHULJH VFKRRO�
DGPLQLVWUDWLHYH ]DNHQ �� �� �� �
1RRW� 'H SHUFHQWDJHV LQ GH NRORPPHQ PDWH YDQ UHDOLVDWLH KHEEHQ EHWUHNNLQJ RS KHW SRSXODWLHGHHO GDW YHUPHOG VWDDW LQGH NRORP QDJHVWUHHIG
,Q�ILJXXU�����LV�ZHHUJHJHYHQ�ZHON�SHUFHQWDJH�YDQ�GH�EHOHLGVGRHOHQ�XLW�WDEHO�����VFKROHQ�LQ�����HQ������QDVWUHYHQ��,Q�GH]HOIGH�ILJXXU�LV�RRN�ZHHUJHJHYHQ�ZHONH�SHUFHQWDJH�YDQ�GHEHOHLGVGRHOHQ� LV� JHUHDOLVHHUG��+RHZHO� LQ� �����PHHU� EHOHLGVGRHOHQ� ]LMQ� JHUHDOLVHHUG�� LV� HUJHHQ�VWDWLVWLVFK�VLJQLILFDQW�YHUVFKLO�WXVVHQ�GH�JHJHYHQV�YDQ������HQ������
��������
XQLIRUP
�NODVVLNDDO
ULMN�JHG
LIIHUHQWLHH
UG
RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW
��������
JUR
WHELMG
UDJH
EHS
HUNWH
ELMG
UDJH
ELMGUDJH YDQ FRPSXWHUV
2QGHUZLMVFRQFHSW HQ ,&7�EHOHLG ��
)LJXXU ���3HUFHQWDJH QDJHVWUHHIGH HQ JHUHDOLVHHUGH ,&7�EHOHLGVGRHOHQ RS KHW JHELHG YDQ DGPLQLVWUDWLH HQEHKHHU
ICT-beleidsdoelen op het gebied van de inrichting van onderwijsleersituaties
,&7�EHOHLGVGRHOHQ�RS�KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� GH� LQULFKWLQJ� YDQ� RQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV� �WDEHO� ����ZRUGHQ� GRRU� HONH� EDVLVVFKRRO� QDJHVWUHHIG��'H� EHODQJULMNVWH� EHOHLGVGRHOHQ� EHWUHIIHQ� KHWJHEUXLN�YDQ� FRPSXWHUV�GRRU� HONH� OHUDDU� HQ�GH� DDQZH]LJKHLG�YDQ� FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU� LQDOOH� NODVORNDOHQ�� %LM� UXLP� WZHHGHUGH� YDQ� GH� VFKROHQ� LV� GH� EHRRJGH� EHVFKLNEDDUKHLG� YDQDSSDUDWXXU�LQ�HON�NODVORNDDO�LQPLGGHOV�JHUHDOLVHHUG�
7DEHO ���,&7�EHOHLGVGRHOVWHOOLQJHQ HQ GH PDWH YDQ UHDOLVDWLH RS KHW JHELHG YDQ LQULFKWLQJ RQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV
SHUFHQWDJH EDVLVVFKROHQ
QDJHVWUHHIG PDWH YDQ UHDOLVDWLH
2PVFKULMYLQJ
�ELMQD�
YROOHGLJ JHGHHOWHOLMN QLHW
,Q HONH JURHS ppQ RI PHHU FRPSXWHUV
DDQZH]LJ �� �� �� �
/HUDUHQ PDNHQ JHEUXLN YDQ FRPSX�
WHUV ELM KXQ RQGHUZLMV �� �� �� ��
+HW JHEUXLN YDQ FRPSXWHU�
SURJUDPPDV YRRU ]RUJOHHUOLQJHQ �� �� �� ��
+HW VWLPXOHUHQ YDQ ]HOIVWDQGLJ OHUHQ
PHW EHKXOS YDQ GH FRPSXWHU �� �� �� ��
/HHUOLQJHQ JHEUXLNHQ GH FRPSXWHU DOV
KXOSPLGGHO ELM KHW RQGHUZLMV
�RS]RHNHQ YDQ LQIRUPDWLH� RHIHQ�
SURJUDPPDWXXU� �� �� �� ��
2QWZLNNHOLQJ YDQ HHQ YLVLH RS KHW
FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN ELQQHQ GH VFKRRO �� � �� ��
1RRW� 'H SHUFHQWDJHV LQ GH NRORPPHQ PDWH YDQ UHDOLVDWLH KHEEHQ EHWUHNNLQJ RS KHW SRSXODWLHGHHO GDW YHUPHOG VWDDW LQGH NRORP QDJHVWUHHIG
����
�� ��
���� �����
��
��
��
��
���� EHOHLGVGRHOHQ
EHOHLG QDJHVWUHHIG EHOHLG JHUHDOLVHHUG
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
+HW� IHLWHOLMN� JHEUXLN� YDQ� GH� FRPSXWHU� LV� WHQ� RS]LFKWH� YDQ� KHW� EHRRJGH� JHEUXLN� RS� GHPHHVWH� VFKROHQ� QRJ� PDDU� JHGHHOWHOLMN� JHUHDOLVHHUG�� 'LW� EHWHNHQW� GDW� KHW� KXLGLJHFRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�]RDOV�JHVFKHWVW�LQ�KRRIGVWXN���GRRU�GH�VFKROHQ�QLHW�ZRUGW�JH]LHQ�DOV�HHQHLQGVWDGLXP��'RHOHQ�GLH�YHHO� VFKROHQ�QDVWUHYHQ�PDDU�GLH�PHHVWDO�QRJ�RQYROGRHQGH�]LMQJHUHDOLVHHUG�� EHWUHIIHQ� GH� LQ]HW� YDQ� ,&7� YRRU� ]RUJOHHUOLQJHQ�� KHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� ,&7� WHURQGHUVWHXQLQJ�YDQ�]HOIVWDQGLJ�OHUHQ�HQ�KHW�YHUGHU�EHQXWWHQ�YDQ�GH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ�YDQ�GHFRPSXWHU�DOV�KXOSPLGGHO�ELM�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�
,Q�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�GH�JHJHYHQV�YDQ������]LMQ�GH�,&7�EHOHLGVGRHOHQ�GLH�VFKROHQ�QDVWUHYHQRS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� GH� LQULFKWLQJ� YDQ� RQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV� QLHW� VLJQLILFDQW� YHUDQGHUG�ILJXXU�������:HO�ODWHQ�GH�UHVXOWDWHQ�]LHQ�GDW�GH�DPELWLHV�YDQ�VFKROHQ�RP�,&7�WH�JHEUXLNHQELM�GH�LQULFKWLQJ�YDQ�RQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV�RQYHUDQGHUG�KRRJ�]LMQ�HQ�GDW�HU�WXVVHQ�VFKROHQHHQ�JURWH�PDWH�YDQ�RYHUHHQVWHPPLQJ�EHVWDDW�RYHU�GH�ULFKWLQJ�YDQ�KHW�YHUDQGHULQJVSURFHV�,Q� KHW� DIJHORSHQ� MDDU� LV� KHW� DDQWDO� EHOHLGVGRHOHQ� GDW� VFKROHQ� JHUHDOLVHHUG� KHEEHQ� WHQDDQ]LHQ�YDQ�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�,&7�YRRU�GH�LQULFKWLQJ�YDQ�RQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV�VLJQLILFDQWWRHJHQRPHQ�
)LJXXU ���3HUFHQWDJH QDJHVWUHHIGH HQ JHUHDOLVHHUGH ,&7�EHOHLGVGRHOHQ RS KHW JHELHG YDQ LQULFKWLQJ RQGHU�ZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV
Beleidsdoelen op het gebied van communicatie en informatievoorziening
'RRU� DFKW� YDQ� HONH� WLHQ� EDVLVVFKROHQ� ZRUGHQ� ,&7�EHOHLGVGRHOHQ� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQFRPPXQLFDWLH�� HQ� LQIRUPDWLHYRRU]LHQLQJ� QDJHVWUHHIG�� 9HHODO� EHWUHIW� KHW� VDPHQZHUNLQJPHW�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ�������HQ�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�,QWHUQHW��������1RJ�PDDU�ZHLQLJ�VFKROHQKHEEHQ�HHQ�EHOHLG�GDW�HU�RS�JHULFKW�LV�RP�OHHUOLQJHQ�PHW�H�PDLO�WH�ODWHQ�ZHUNHQ�������RIOHUDUHQ�YLD�VFKRRO�HHQ�H�PDLO�DGUHV�WH�YHUVWUHNNHQ��������9RRU]RYHU�VFKROHQ�EHOHLGVGRHOHQRS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�FRPPXQLFDWLH��HQ�LQIRUPDWLHYRRU]LHQLQJ�QDVWUHYHQ��]LMQ�GH]H�QRJ�PDDULQ�]HHU�EHSHUNWH�PDWH�JHUHDOLVHHUG��WDEHO������
����
�� ��
���� �����
��
��
��
��
���� EHOHLGVGRHOHQ
EHOHLG QDJHVWUHHIG EHOHLG JHUHDOLVHHUG
2QGHUZLMVFRQFHSW HQ ,&7�EHOHLG ��
7DEHO ���,&7�EHOHLGVGRHOVWHOOLQJHQ HQ GH PDWH YDQ UHDOLVDWLH RS KHW JHELHG YDQ FRPPXQLFDWLH HQ LQIRUPDWLHYRRU]LHQLQJ
SHUFHQWDJH EDVLVVFKROHQ
QDJHVWUHHIG PDWH YDQ UHDOLVDWLH
2PVFKULMYLQJ
�ELMQD�
YROOHGLJ JHGHHOWHOLMN QLHW
6DPHQZHUNLQJ PHW DQGHUH VFKROHQ RS
KHW JHELHG YDQ FRPSXWHUV �� � �� ��
/HHUOLQJHQ UDDGSOHJHQ H[WHUQH JHJH�
YHQVEHVWDQGHQ RS ,QWHUQHW�::: �� � �� ��
/HHUOLQJHQ PDNHQ JHEUXLN YDQ H�PDLO �� � �� ��
(ONH OHUDDU KHHIW YLD VFKRRO HHQ H�
PDLODGUHV �� � �� ��
7RH]LHQ RS KHW DVSHFW YDQ QRUPHQ HQ
ZDDUGHQ �EY� WDDOJHEUXLN� JHZHOG�
SRUQR� ELM KHW JHEUXLN YDQ ,QWHUQHW�
::: �� �� �� ��
1RRW� 'H SHUFHQWDJHV LQ GH NRORPPHQ PDWH YDQ UHDOLVDWLH KHEEHQ EHWUHNNLQJ RS KHW SRSXODWLHGHHO GDW YHUPHOG VWDDW LQGH NRORP QDJHVWUHHIG
+RHZHO� VFKROHQ� LQ� EHSHUNWH� PDWH� EHOHLGVGRHOHQ� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� FRPPXQLFDWLH�� HQLQIRUPDWLHYRRU]LHQLQJ�QDVWUHYHQ�� LV� HU� ]RZHO� LQ� KHW� QDJHVWUHHIGH� DOV� JHUHDOLVHHUGH� EHOHLGHHQ�SRVLWLHYH�RQWZLNNHOLQJ�WHQ�RS]LFKWH�YDQ�YRULJ�MDDU�WH�VLJQDOHUHQ��ILJXXU������
)LJXXU ���3HUFHQWDJH QDJHVWUHHIGH HQ JHUHDOLVHHUGH ,&7�EHOHLGVGRHOHQ RS KHW JHELHG YDQ FRPPXQLFDWLH HQLQIRUPDWLHYRRU]LHQLQJ
Beleidsdoelen op het gebied van scholing en ondersteuning
%LMQD�DOOH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�������EHVWHGHQ�LQ�KXQ�EHOHLG�DDQGDFKW�DDQ�VFKROLQJ�HQ�RI�RQGHU�VWHXQLQJ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7��2S�QHJHQ�YDQ�HONH�WLHQ�EDVLVVFKROHQ�LV�KHW�EHOHLG�HU�RSJHULFKW� RP� ppQ� RI� HQNHOH� OHHUNUDFKWHQ� WH� ODWHQ� RQWZLNNHOHQ� WRW� ,&7�VSHFLDOLVW�� 9HUGHUZRUGW� KHW� EHOHLG� YDQ� GH� PHHVWH� VFKROHQ� ������ JHNHQPHUNW� GRRU� KHW� VWUHYHQ� RP� DOOH
���
����
���� �����
��
��
��
��
���� EHOHLGVGRHOHQ
EHOHLG QDJHVWUHHIG EHOHLG JHUHDOLVHHUG
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
OHUDUHQ� GH� JHOHJHQKHLG� WH� JHYHQ� ]LFK� YHUGHU� WH� VFKROHQ� LQ� KHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� ,&7� YRRURQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ��WDEHO������
7DEHO ���,&7�EHOHLGVGRHOVWHOOLQJHQ HQ GH PDWH YDQ UHDOLVDWLH RS KHW JHELHG YDQ VFKROLQJ HQ RQGHUVWHXQLQJ
SHUFHQWDJH EDVLVVFKROHQ
QDJHVWUHHIG PDWH YDQ UHDOLVDWLH
2PVFKULMYLQJ
�ELMQD�
YROOHGLJ JHGHHOWHOLMN QLHW
6FKROLQJ YRRU ppQ RI HQNHOH OHHU�
NUDFKWHQ RP ]LFK WH RQWZLNNHOHQ WRW
,&7�VSHFLDOLVW �� �� �� ��
7RHNHQQHQ YDQ QLHW�OHVJHERQGHQ
XUHQ DDQ OHUDUHQ RP KHW JHEUXLN YDQ
FRPSXWHUV WH RQGHUVWHXQHQ �� �� �� ��
6FKROLQJ YRRU DOOH OHHUNUDFKWHQ LQ KHW
JHEUXLN YDQ ,&7 YRRU RQGHUZLMV�
GRHOHLQGHQ �� � ��� ��
1RRW� 'H SHUFHQWDJHV LQ GH NRORPPHQ PDWH YDQ UHDOLVDWLH KHEEHQ EHWUHNNLQJ RS KHW SRSXODWLHGHHO GDW YHUPHOG VWDDW LQGH NRORP QDJHVWUHHIG
,Q�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�GH�JHJHYHQV�YDQ������ LV�GH�DDQGDFKW� LQ�KHW�EHOHLG�YRRU� VFKROLQJ�HQRQGHUVWHXQLQJ� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� ,&7� VLJQLILFDQW� WRHJHQRPHQ�� $O� LV� HU� VSUDNH� YDQ� HHQVLJQLILFDQWH� WRHQDPH� LQ�GH�PDWH�ZDDULQ�EHOHLGVGRHOVWHOOLQJHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ� VFKROLQJHQ�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�LQ�KHW�DIJHORSHQ�MDDU�]LMQ�JHUHDOLVHHUG��WRFK�EOLMIW�GH�GLVFUHSDQWLH�WXVVHQKHW�EHRRJGH�HQ�JHUHDOLVHHUGH�EHOHLG�JURRW��ILJXXU������
)LJXXU ���3HUFHQWDJH QDJHVWUHHIGH HQ JHUHDOLVHHUGH ,&7�EHOHLGVGRHOHQ RS KHW JHELHG YDQ VFKROLQJ HQ RQGHU�VWHXQLQJ
5HVXPHUHQG� ODWHQ� GH� UHVXOWDWHQ� RYHU� KHW� ,&7�VFKRROEHOHLG� ]LHQ� GDW� VFKROHQ� LQ� KHWDIJHORSHQ� MDDU� HHQ� VLJQLILFDQWH� YRRUXLWJDQJ�KHEEHQ� JHERHNW� LQ� GH� UHDOLVDWLH� YDQ� EHOHLGV�GRHOHQ��'DDUQDDVW� LV�HU�RS�YULMZHO�HON�YDQ�GH�RQGHUVFKHLGHQ�,&7�EHOHLGVJHELHGHQ�VSUDNHYDQ�HHQ�WRHQDPH�LQ�KHW�DDQWDO�EHOHLGVGRHOVWHOOLQJHQ��'LW�LV�HHQ�LQGLFDWLH�YRRU�GH�DPELWLHV
��
��
����
���� �����
��
��
��
��
���� EHOHLGVGRHOHQ
EHOHLG QDJHVWUHHIG EHOHLG JHUHDOLVHHUG
2QGHUZLMVFRQFHSW HQ ,&7�EHOHLG ��
YDQ� VFKROHQ� RP� ,&7� HHQ� EHODQJULMNH� SODDWV� LQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� WRH� WH� NHQQHQ�� 2PGDW� HU]RZHO�GRHOVWHOOLQJHQ�ZRUGHQ�JHUHDOLVHHUG�DOV�QLHXZH�GRHOVWHOOLQJHQ�DDQ�KHW�EHOHLG�ZRUGHQWRHJHYRHJG��EOLMIW�GH�GLVFUHSDQWLH� WXVVHQ�EHRRJG�HQ�JHUHDOLVHHUG�EHOHLG�RS�YHHO�JHELHGHQJURRW��2QGDQNV�GH]H�GLVFUHSDQWLH�ODWHQ�GH�UHVXOWDWHQ�]LHQ�GDW�VFKROHQ�LQ�KHW�DIJHORSHQ�MDDUEHWHNHQLVYROOH� YRUGHULQJHQ� LQ� GH� XLWYRHULQJ� YDQ� KXQ� ,&7�EHOHLG� KHEEHQ� JHUHDOLVHHUG�9HUGHU�EOLMNW�GDW�HU�HHQ�JURWH�PDWH�YDQ�RYHUHHQVWHPPLQJ�WXVVHQ�VFKROHQ�EHVWDDW�RYHU�GHULFKWLQJ� YDQ� GH� QDJHVWUHHIGH� YHUDQGHULQJHQ�� (U� ]LMQ� QDPHOLMN� YHHO� ,&7�EHOHLGVGRHOVWHO�OLQJHQ�GLH�GRRU�PHHU�GDQ�GULHNZDUW� YDQ�GH� VFKROHQ�ZRUGHQ�QDJHVWUHHIG��'H� YHUVFKLOOHQWXVVHQ� VFKROHQ�ZRUGHQ�PHW�QDPH�EHSDDOG�GRRU�GH�PDWH�ZDDULQ�GH�EHOHLGVGRHOVWHOOLQJHQ]LMQ� JHUHDOLVHHUG��'LW�ZLMVW� HU� RS� GDW� VFKROHQ� YDQ� HONDDU� YHUVFKLOOHQ� LQ� KHW� WHPSR� HQ� GHRUGHQLQJ�YDQ�KHW�LQYRHULQJVSURFHV��PDDU�GDW�GH�EHRRJGH�GRHOHQ�PHHVWDO�RYHUHHQNRPHQ�
4.4 Investeringen
9ULMZHO�DOOH�VFKROHQ�������KHEEHQ�KHW�DIJHORSHQ�MDDU�JHwQYHVWHHUG�LQ�,&7��+HW�KXLGLJH�XLW�JDYHQSDWURRQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7�ZRUGW�JHNHQPHUNW�GRRU�UHODWLHI�YHHO�XLWJDYHQ�YRRUDSSDUDWXXU��(HQ�NZDUW�YDQ�GH� VFKROHQ�KHHIW�GDDUYRRU�PHHU�GDQ�¦�������� XLWJHJHYHQ� HQPHHU�GDQ�GH�KHOIW�������HHQ�EHGUDJ�WXVVHQ�GH�¦��������HQ�¦���������+RHZHO�YHHO�VFKROHQRRN� JHOG� EHVWHGHQ� DDQ� GH� DDQVFKDI� YDQ� SURJUDPPDWXXU�� LV� GDW� EHGUDJ� LQ� KHW� DOJHPHHQODJHU�GDQ�¦���������SHU� MDDU��(HQ�YHUJHOLMNEDDU�EXGJHW�KHHIW�KHW�JURRWVWH�JHGHHOWH�YDQ�GHVFKROHQ� EHVWHHG� DDQ� VFKROLQJ�� RQGHUKRXGVNRVWHQ� HQ� RYHULJH� NRVWHQ� ]RDOV� SULQWHUSDSLHU�WRQHU� HQ� WHOHIRRQNRVWHQ�� 0DDU� ZHLQLJ� VFKROHQ� NXQQHQ� ]LFK� XLWJDYHQ� SHUPLWWHUHQ� YRRUSHUVRQHHO�GDW�]LFK�VSHFLILHN�EH]LJ�KRXGW�PHW�,&7��������,Q�WRWDDO�KHHIW�VOHFKWV����YDQ�GHVFKROHQ�PHHU�GDQ�¦��������EHVWHHG�DDQ�SHUVRQHHONRVWHQ�YRRU�ELMYRRUEHHOG�V\VWHHPEHKHHU�
)LJXXU ���8LWJDYHQ RS KHW JHELHG YDQ ,&7 LQ KHW DIJHORSHQ VFKRROMDDU
'H�RPYDQJ�YDQ�XLWJDYHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7�]LMQ�LQ�NDDUW�JHEUDFKW�PHW�EHKXOS�YDQ�GHDQWZRRUGFDWHJRULHsQ� ]RDOV� YHUPHOG� LQ� GH� OHJHQGD� ELM� ILJXXU� ����� (HQ� LQGLFDWLH� YRRU� GHYHUDQGHULQJHQ� LQ�KHW� XLWJDYHQSDWURRQ� WHQ�RS]LFKWH�YDQ�YRULJ� MDDU� LV� YHUNUHJHQ�GRRU� KHWJHPLGGHOGH�EHGUDJ�SHU�NRVWHQVRRUW�WH�EHUHNHQHQ��'DDUELM�LV�YRRU�GH�DQWZRRUGFDWHJRULHsQPLQGHU�GDQ�¦������HQ�¦��������¦������XLWJHJDDQ�YDQ�KHW�NODVVHPLGGHQ��UHVSHFWLHYHOLMN¦�����HQ�¦�������9RRU�GH�DQWZRRUGFDWHJRULH�PHHU�GDQ�¦������LV�JHEUXLN�JHPDDNW�YDQ�KHWH[DFWH�EHGUDJ�GDW�GH�UHVSRQGHQW�LQ�GDW�JHYDO�KHHIW�YHUPHOG�
DSSDUDWXXU
SURJUDPPDWXXU
VFKROLQJ LQ ,&7
RQGHUKRXGVNRVWHQ
SHUVRQHHOVNRVWHQ
RYHULJH NRVWHQ
� �� �� �� �� ���
� VFKROHQ
PHHU GDQ IO� ���� IO� �����IO� ���� IO� ���� RI PLQGHU
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
'H� UHVXOWDWHQ� LQ� WDEHO� ���� JHYHQ� HHQ� LQGLFDWLH� YDQ� GH� YHUDQGHULQJHQ� LQ� GH� XLWJDYHQ� YDQVFKROHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7��+HW�SHUFHQWDJH�VFKROHQ�PHW�XLWJDYHQ�YRRU�HHQ�EHSDDOGHNRVWHQVRRUW� LV� JHOLMN� JHEOHYHQ� RI� EHSHUNW� JHVWHJHQ�� 'H� JURRWVWH� YHUDQGHULQJHQ� KHEEHQEHWUHNNLQJ� RS� GH� RPYDQJ� YDQ� GH� XLWJDYHQ� YRRU� DSSDUDWXXU�� 'H]H� ]LMQ� IRUV� JHVWHJHQ�+RHZHO�KHW�SHUFHQWDJH�VFKROHQ�PHW�SHUVRQHHOVNRVWHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7�EHSHUNW� LV�]LMQ� GH� XLWJDYHQ� KLHUYRRU� DDQ]LHQOLMN� WRHJHQRPHQ�� +HW� JHPLGGHOG� EHVWHGH� EHGUDJ� DDQSURJUDPPDWXXU� LV� OLFKW� JHGDDOG� HQ�GH�XLWJDYHQ�YRRU�RQGHUKRXG� HQ�YHUEUXLNVNRVWHQ� ]LMQJHOLMN�JHEOHYHQ�
7DEHO ���8LWJDYHQ SHU MDDU RS KHW JHELHG YDQ ,&7
���� YHUVFKLO ���������
.RVWHQVRRUW � VFKROHQ JHP� EHGUDJ � VFKROHQ JHP� EHGUDJ
$SSDUDWXXU �� ¦ �����² �� � ¦ �����²
3URJUDPPDWXXU �� ¦ �����² �� � ¦ ����²
,&7�VFKROLQJ �� ¦ �����² �� � ¦ ����²
2QGHUKRXGVNRVWHQ �� ¦ ����² � ¦ ��²
3HUVRQHHOVNRVWHQ �� ¦ �����² �� � ¦ �����²
2YHULJH NRVWHQ �� ¦ ����² � ¦ ��²
+HW JHPLGGHOG EHGUDJ LV JHEDVHHUG RS KHW SHUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ PHW XLWJDYHQ RS KHW EHWUHIIHQGH JHELHG
&RPSXWHUJHEUXLN�YRRU�RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ�OHLGW�RS�HHQ�EHSHUNW�DDQWDO�VFKROHQ������WRWH[WUD� XLWJDYHQ� YRRU� RXGHUV��+HW� JHPLGGHOGH� EHGUDJ� LV� YHHUWLJ� JXOGHQ� SHU� MDDU��(HQ� MDDUJHOHGHQ�YURHJ����YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�DDQ�RXGHUV�HHQ�,&7�ELMGUDJH�YDQ�JHPLGGHOG�WLHQ�JXOGHQ�
4.5 Samenvattend
� 'H� PHHVWH� VFKROHQ� KDQWHUHQ� HHQ� RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW� ZDDULQ� ]RZHO� DVSHFWHQ� YDQXQLIRUP�NODVVLNDDO� RQGHUZLMV� DOV� ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG� RQGHUZLMV� YRRUNRPHQ�� +HWRQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW�RQWZLNNHOW�JHOHLGHOLMN�ULFKWLQJ�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG�RQGHUZLMV�
� ,&7�ZRUGW�ELQQHQ�HON�RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW�JHEUXLNW��6FKROHQ�PHW�HHQ�PHHU�ULMN�JHGLIIH�UHQWLHHUG�RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW�HUYDUHQ�YDNHU�HHQ�JURWH�ELMGUDJH�YDQ�,&7��GDQ�VFKROHQ�PHWHHQ�XQLIRUP�NODVVLNDDO�RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW��'H�ELMGUDJH�GLH�,&7�OHYHUW�DDQ�GH�UHDOLVDWLHYDQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�LV�LQ�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�YRULJ�MDDU�LHWV�JURWHU�
� 9ULMZHO�DOOH�VFKROHQ�VWUHYHQ�HU�QDDU�RP�,&7�WH�JHEUXLNHQ�YRRU�DGPLQLVWUDWLH�HQ�EHKHHU�2S�GH�PHHVWH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�]LMQ�GH]H�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�LQ�EHODQJULMNH�PDWH�JHUHDOLVHHUG�
� 'H�PHHVWH�VFKROHQ�YRHUHQ�HHQ�EHOHLG�GDW�HU�RS�JHULFKW�LV�RP�,&7�WH�JHEUXLNHQ�ELM�GHLQULFKWLQJ�YDQ�RQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV��'LW�EHOHLG�LV�PHHVWDO�QRJ�YRORS�LQ�XLWYRHULQJ�HQZRUGW�GRRU�VFKROHQ�QRJ�PDDU�]HOGHQ�DOV�DIJHURQG�EHVFKRXZG�
� 6WHHGV� PHHU� VFKROHQ� VWUHYHQ� LQ� KXQ� EHOHLG� QDDU� KHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� ,&7� YRRUFRPPXQLFDWLH��HQ�LQIRUPDWLHYRRU]LHQLQJ��'H�XLWYRHULQJ�YDQ�GLW�EHOHLG�YHUNHHUW�LQ�HHQEHJLQVWDGLXP�
� 6FKROLQJ� HQ� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� NULMJHQ� VWHHGV� YDNHU� DDQGDFKW� LQ� KHW� ,&7�EHOHLG� YDQVFKROHQ��(U�LV�HFKWHU�HHQ�JURWH�GLVFUHSDQWLH�WXVVHQ�GH�EHRRJGH�GRHOHQ�HQ�KHWJHHQ�RSGLW�JHELHG�JHUHDOLVHHUG�LV�
� 7XVVHQ�EDVLVVFKROHQ� LV�HHQ�JURWH�PDWH�YDQ�RYHUHHQVWHPPLQJ� LQ�GH�GRHOHQ�GLH�]LM�RSKHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7�QDVWUHYHQ��'H�YHUVFKLOOHQ�WXVVHQ�VFKROHQ�ZRUGHQ�YRRUDO�EHSDDOGGRRU�GH�PDWH�ZDDULQ�GH]H�GRHOHQ�]LMQ�JHUHDOLVHHUG�
2QGHUZLMVFRQFHSW HQ ,&7�EHOHLG ��
� $OOH�VFKROHQ�LQYHVWHUHQ�LQ�,&7�HQ�KHW�EHVWHGH�EHGUDJ�SHU�MDDU�QHHPW�WRH��+HW�KXLGLJHEHVWHGLQJVSDWURRQ�ZRUGW�JHNHQPHUNW�GRRU�UHODWLHI�YHHO�XLWJDYHQ�YRRU�DSSDUDWXXU�
� +HW�DDQWDO�VFKROHQ�GDW�DDQ�RXGHUV�YDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�HHQ�ELMGUDJH�YUDDJW�LQ�GH�NRVWHQ�YRRU,&7� LV� EHSHUNW� ������ ,Q� YHUJHOLMNLQJ� PHW� YRULJ� MDDU� YUDJHQ� PHHU� VFKROHQ� HHQ� ,&7�ELMGUDJH�HQ�LV�GH�KRRJWH�YDQ�KHW�EHGUDJ�RRN�WRHJHQRPHQ�
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
+RXGLQJ� NHQQLV HQ YDDUGLJKHGHQ ��
5. HOUDING, KENNIS EN VAARDIGHEDEN
,Q� GLW� KRRIGVWXN� NRPW� GH� KRXGLQJ� YDQ� OHHUNUDFKWHQ� HQ� OHHUOLQJHQ� WHQ� RS]LFKWH� YDQFRPSXWHUV�DDQ�ERG��SDUDJUDDI�����HQ�������2RN�]DO�DDQGDFKW�ZRUGHQ�EHVWHHG�DDQ�GH,&7�NHQQLV� HQ� �YDDUGLJKHGHQ� YDQ� OHHUNUDFKWHQ� HQ� OHHUOLQJHQ� �SDUDJUDDI� ���� HQ� �����3DUDJUDDI�����EHYDW�HHQ�VDPHQYDWWLQJ�YDQ�GH�EHODQJULMNVWH�UHVXOWDWHQ�
5.1 Houding van leerkrachten
'H� LQ]HW� YDQ� GH� FRPSXWHU� LQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� NDQ� WRW� YHUVFKLOOHQGH� YHUDQGHULQJHQ� OHLGHQ�$DQ�GH�OHHUNUDFKWHQ�YDQ�JURHS���LV�JHYUDDJG�ZHONH�YHUDQGHULQJHQ�]LM�KHEEHQ�RSJHPHUNW�
Het leerproces
+HW�PHUHQGHHO�YDQ�GH�OHHUNUDFKWHQ�HUYDDUW�SRVLWLHYH�YHUDQGHULQJHQ�ELQQHQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�OHHUSURFHV�DOV�JHYROJ�YDQ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN��'ULHNZDUW�YDQ�GH�OHHUNUDFKWHQ�YLQGW�GDW�GRRUKHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� GH� FRPSXWHU� GH� PRWLYDWLH� YDQ� OHHUOLQJHQ� LV� WRHJHQRPHQ� HQ� OHHUVWRIHIILFLsQWHU� JHWUDLQG� NDQ� ZRUGHQ�� 0HHU� GDQ� GH� KHOIW� YDQ� GH� OHHUNUDFKWHQ� YLQGW� GDW� GHFRPSXWHU�HHQ�SRVLWLHI�HIIHFW�KHHIW�RS�KHW�]HOIVWDQGLJ�OHUHQ�YDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�HQ�GH�KXOS�GLH�]LMNXQQHQ�JHYHQ�DDQ�]RUJOHHUOLQJHQ�
)LJXXU ���3HUFHQWDJH OHHUNUDFKWHQ YDQ JURHS � GDW HHQ SRVLWLHYH YHUDQGHULQJ RS KHW JHELHG YDQ KHWOHHUSURFHV ZDDUQHHPW DOV JHYROJ YDQ FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN
'RRU� RYHU� GH� DVSHFWHQ� GLH� YHUPHOG� VWDDQ� LQ� ILJXXU� ���� KHW� JHPLGGHOG� SHUFHQWDJH� WHEHUHNHQHQ�� ZRUGW� HHQ� LQGLFDWRU� YHUNUHJHQ� YRRU� GH� RSEUHQJVWHQ� GLH� OHUDUHQ� YDQ� ,&7HUYDUHQ�WHQ�DDQ]LHQ�YDQ�GH�LQULFKWLQJ�YDQ�KHW�OHHUSURFHV��'H]H�LQGLFDWRU�LV�EUXLNEDDU�YRRUKHW� ]LFKWEDDU�PDNHQ� YDQ�RQWZLNNHOLQJHQ� LQ� GH� WLMG��'H� YHUJHOLMNLQJ� WXVVHQ�GH� UHVXOWDWHQYDQ�GLW�MDDU�HQ�YRULJ�MDDU�ODDW�]LHQ�GDW�GH�ZDDUJHQRPHQ�YHUDQGHULQJHQ�ZHOLVZDDU�DIQHPHQ�PDDU�HU�JHHQ�VSUDNH�LV�YDQ�HHQ�VLJQLILFDQW�YHUVFKLO��ILJXXU������
��
��
��
��
��
��
PRWLYDWLH
HIILFLsQW OHHUVWRI RHIHQHQ
]HOIVWDQGLJ OHUHQ
KXOS DDQ ]RUJOHHUOLQJHQ
LQGLYLGXHOH EHQDGHULQJ
VLJQDOHUHQ YDQ SUREOHPHQ
� �� �� �� �� ���
SHUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
)LJXXU ���3HUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ GDW DOV JHYROJ YDQ ,&7�JHEUXLN SRVLWLHYH YHUDQGHULQJHQ HUYDDUW ELMOHHUSURFHVVHQ
Leerlingvorderingen
%LMQD�GH�KHOIW� YDQ�GH� OHHUNUDFKWHQ�YLQGW�GDW�GH� IHHGEDFN�RYHU� OHHUUHVXOWDWHQ� GDQN]LM� KHWJHEUXLN�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�LV�YHUEHWHUG��9HUGHU�YLQGHQ�RQJHYHHU�YLHU�YDQ�HONH�WLHQ�OHUDUHQGDW� ]LM� YLD� GH� FRPSXWHU� EHWHU� ]LFKW� NULMJHQ� RS� GH� OHHUYRUGHULQJHQ� YDQ� GH� OHHUOLQJHQ� HQPDNNHOLMNHU�KLDWHQ�LQ�GH�OHHUVWRI�NXQQHQ�RSVSRUHQ��'ULH�YDQ�GH�WLHQ�OHHUNUDFKWHQ�HUYDUHQHHQ�YHUEHWHULQJ�LQ�GH�OHHUUHVXOWDWHQ�YDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ��ILJXXU������
)LJXXU ���3HUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ YDQ JURHS � GDW HHQ SRVLWLHYH YHUDQGHULQJ RS KHW JHELHG YDQ OHHUOLQJ�YRUGHULQJHQ ZDDUQHHPW DOV JHYROJ YDQ FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN
,Q�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�GH�JHJHYHQV�YDQ�YRULJ� MDDU�]LMQ�GH� OHUDUHQ�VLJQLILFDQW�PLQGHU�SRVLWLHIRYHU� GH� YHUDQGHULQJHQ� GLH� ]LM� LQ� GH� NODV� ZDDUQHPHQ� DOV� JHYROJ� YDQ� KHW� JHEUXLN� YDQFRPSXWHUV��ILJXXU�������1DGHUH�DQDO\VHV�]LMQ�QRGLJ�RP�YDVW�WH�VWHOOHQ�PHW�ZHONH�IDFWRUHQGH]H�GDOLQJ�VDPHQKDQJ�YHUWRRQW�
��������
� OHUDUHQ��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
GLUHFWH FRQWUROH HQ IHHGEDFN
RYHU]LFKW YDQ YRUGHULQJHQ
KLDWHQ LQ OHHUVWRI RSVSRUHQ
YHUEHWHULQJ OHHUUHVXOWDWHQ
� �� �� �� �� ���
SHUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ
+RXGLQJ� NHQQLV HQ YDDUGLJKHGHQ ��
)LJXXU ���3HUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ GDW DOV JHYROJ YDQ ,&7�JHEUXLN SRVLWLHYH YHUDQGHULQJHQ HUYDDUW RS KHW JHELHGYDQ OHHUOLQJYRUGHULQJHQ
Communicatie en samenwerking
+HW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� GH� FRPSXWHU� KHHIW� YROJHQV� ZHLQLJ� OHHUNUDFKWHQ� LQYORHG� RS� GHFRPPXQLFDWLH� HQ� VDPHQZHUNLQJ� ELQQHQ� HQ� EXLWHQ� GH� VFKRRO��(HQ� NZDUW� YDQ� GH� OHUDUHQYLQGW� GDW� GH� VDPHQZHUNLQJ� WXVVHQ� OHHUOLQJHQ�GRRU� KHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� ,&7� LV� WRHJHQRPHQ�0LQGHU�GDQ�ppQ�RS�GH�WLHQ�OHHUNUDFKWHQ�YLQGW�GDW�GRRU�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�KHWFRQWDFW� YDQ� GH� OHHUOLQJHQ� PHW� GH� OHHUNUDFKW� RI� GH� PHGHOHHUOLQJHQ� EXLWHQ� VFKRROWLMG� LVWRHJHQRPHQ��ILJXXU������
)LJXXU ���3HUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ YDQ JURHS � GDW HHQ SRVLWLHYH YHUDQGHULQJ RS KHW JHELHG YDQ FRPPXQLFDWLHZDDUQHHPW DOV JHYROJ YDQ FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN
,Q�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�GH�JHJHYHQV�YDQ�YRULJ�MDDU�LV�GH�LQYORHG�YDQ�,&7�RS�FRPPXQLFDWLH�HQVDPHQZHUNLQJ�LQ�GH�NODV�QDJHQRHJ�RQYHUDQGHUG�JHEOHYHQ��ILJXXU������
��������
� OHUDUHQ��
��
��
��
��
�
�
VDPHQZHUNLQJ WXVVHQ OHHUOLQJHQ
FRQWDFW WXVVHQ OHHUNUDFKW HQ OHHUOLQJ
FRPPXQLFDWLH PHW OHHUOLQJHQ EXLWHQ VFKRRO
� �� �� �� �� ���
SHUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
)LJXXU ���3HUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ GDW DOV JHYROJ YDQ ,&7�JHEUXLN SRVLWLHYH YHUDQGHULQJHQ HUYDDUW RS KHW JHELHGYDQ FRPPXQLFDWLH HQ VDPHQZHUNLQJ
Waargenomen veranderingen in de afgelopen 10 jaar
(HQ� EUXLNEDUH� LQGLFDWRU� YRRU� GH� RSEUHQJVWHQ� YDQ� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�� YRUPHQ� GHYHUDQGHULQJHQ�GLH�OHUDUHQ�ZDDUQHPHQ�RS�GH�YROJHQGH�YLHU�RQGHUZHUSHQ�� LQGLYLGXHOH�EHQDGHULQJ�YDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�� PRWLYDWLH�YDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�� GLUHFWH�FRQWUROH�HQ�IHHGEDFN�� OHHUUHVXOWDWHQ�YDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�'H� HHUVWH� WZHH� RQGHUZHUSHQ� ]LMQ� UHHGV� EHVFKUHYHQ� ELM� GH� HUYDUHQ� YHUDQGHULQJHQ� LQ� KHWOHHUSURFHV�HQ�GH�ODDWVWH�WZHH�RQGHUZHUSHQ�]LMQ�DDQ�GH�RUGH�JHZHHVW�ELM�GH�EHVFKULMYLQJ�YDQGH� YRUGHULQJHQ� YDQ� OHHUOLQJHQ��*HJHYHQV� RYHU� GH�ZDDUJHQRPHQ� YHUDQGHULQJHQ� RS� GH]HYLHU�RQGHUZHUSHQ�]LMQ�HHUGHU�YHU]DPHOG� LQ�GH� MDUHQ������������������������HQ�GH�HHUVWHPHWLQJ�YDQ�GH�PRQLWRU�LQ������)LJXXU�����ODDW�YRRU�GH�SHULRGH�����������GH�RQWZLNNHOLQJ�]LHQ�YDQ�GH�YHUDQGHULQJHQ�GLHOHUDUHQ� DOV� JHYROJ� YDQ� ,&7� HUYDUHQ�� 8LW� GH� UHVXOWDWHQ� EOLMNW� GDW� HU� WXVVHQ� ����� �� ����VSUDNH�LV�YDQ�HHQ�WRHQDPH�LQ�GH�RSEUHQJVWHQ�YDQ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN��6LQGV������GLHQW�]LFKHHQ� GDOHQGH� WUHQG� DDQ�� ,Q� GH� ODDWVWH� WZHH�PHWLQJHQ� JHYHQ� OHUDUHQ� WHQ� RS]LFKWH� YDQ� GHYRRUJDDQGH�PHWLQJ�VLJQLILFDQW�PLQGHU�YDDN�DDQ�GDW�]LM�SRVLWLHYH�YHUDQGHULQJHQ�DOV�JHYROJYDQ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�HUYDUHQ�(HQ�PRJHOLMNH�YHUNODULQJ�YRRU�GH]H�RQWZLNNHOLQJ�LV�GDW�YHHO� OHUDUHQ�LQPLGGHOV�JHGXUHQGHPHHUGHUH�MDUHQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�RS�HHQ]HOIGH�PDQLHU�JHEUXLNHQ��+HW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�ZRUGWGDDUGRRU� VWHHGV� PHHU� DOV� HHQ� JHZRRQWH� HQ� VWHHGV� PLQGHU� DOV� HHQ� YHUDQGHULQJ� HUYDUHQ�1DGHUH�DQDO\VHV�]LMQ�QRRG]DNHOLMN�RP�GH]H�YHUNODULQJ�HPSLULVFK�WH�RQGHUERXZHQ�
��������
� OHUDUHQ��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�
+RXGLQJ� NHQQLV HQ YDDUGLJKHGHQ ��
)LJXXU ���*HPLGGHOGH VFRUH RS HHQ PDDW YRRU ZDDUJHQRPHQ YHUDQGHULQJ �GH KRUL]RQWDOH OLMQ JHHIW KHWJHPLGGHOGH DDQ HQ KHW EORNMH KHHIW EHWUHNNLQJ RS KHW ��� EHWURXZEDDUKHLGVLQWHUYDO URQG GLWJHPLGGHOGH�
5.2 Houding van leerlingen
'H� OHHUOLQJHQ� XLW� JURHS� �� LV� JHYUDDJG� KXQ� PHQLQJ� WH� JHYHQ� RYHU� GH� YROJHQGH� GULHRQGHUZHUSHQ�� KHW�SOH]LHU�GDW�]LM�EHOHYHQ�DDQ�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�� KHW�EHODQJ�GDW�]LM�KHFKWHQ�DDQ�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�� GH�VWLPXOHULQJ�GLH�]LM�YDQ�RXGHUV�NULMJHQ�RP�PHW�GH�FRPSXWHU�WH�ZHUNHQ�
'H�PHQLQJ�YDQ�GH�OHHUOLQJHQ�LV�YRRU�HON�YDQ�GH�RQGHUZHUSHQ�LQ�NDDUW�JHEUDFKW�PHW�EHKXOSYDQ� HHQ� DDQWDO� XLWVSUDNHQ� GLH� WH]DPHQ� HHQ� DWWLWXGHVFKDDO� UHSUHVHQWHUHQ��*HJHYHQV� RYHUGH]H�DWWLWXGHVFKDOHQ�YROJHQ�KLHUQD�
Plezier
1HJHQ�YDQ�HONH�WLHQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�YLQGHQ�KHW�OHXN�DOV�GH�FRPSXWHU�WLMGHQV�GH�OHVVHQ�JHEUXLNWZRUGW�� %LMQD� GULHNZDUW� YDQ� GH� OHHUOLQJHQ� ZLO� YHHO� RYHU� FRPSXWHUV� ZHWHQ� HQ� ZHLQLJOHHUOLQJHQ�JHYHQ�DDQ�QLHW�JHwQWHUHVVHHUG�WH�]LMQ�LQ�GH�FRPSXWHU��WDEHO������
7DEHO ���0HQLQJ YDQ OHHUOLQJHQ XLW JURHS � RYHU XLWVSUDNHQ GLH EHKRUHQ WRW GH DWWLWXGHVFKDDO SOH]LHU
8LWVSUDDN
� OHHUOLQJHQ
�KHOHPDDO� HHQV
/HVVHQ ZDDUELM GH FRPSXWHU JHEUXLNW ZRUGW� YLQG LN OHXN ��
,N ZLO YHHO RYHU FRPSXWHUV ZHWHQ ��
,N YLQG KHW OHXN RP PHW DQGHUHQ RYHU FRPSXWHUV WH SUDWHQ ��
&RPSXWHUV LQWHUHVVHUHQ PH ZHLQLJ ��
�VWDWLVWLVFKH EHWURXZEDDUKHLG������
���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ����
�
�
�
��
ZDDUJHQRPHQ YHUDQGHULQJ�VWHUN
WRHJHQRPHQ
WRHJHQRPHQ
JHHQYHUDQGHULQJ
DIJHQRPHQ
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
Ervaren relevantie
%LMQD� DOOH� OHHUOLQJHQ� YLQGHQ� KHW� EHODQJULMN� GDW� ]LM� YHHO� RYHU� KHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� FRPSXWHUVZHWHQ��0HHU�GDQ�GH�KHOIW�YDQ�GH�OHHUOLQJHQ�GHQNW�GDW�KHW�NXQQHQ�RPJDDQ�PHW�FRPSXWHUVEHODQJULMN�LV�RP�HHQ�EHWHUH�EDDQ�WH�NXQQHQ�NULMJHQ��WDEHO������
7DEHO ���0HQLQJ YDQ OHHUOLQJHQ XLW JURHS � RYHU XLWVSUDNHQ GLH EHKRUHQ WRW GH DWWLWXGHVFKDDO UHOHYDQWLH
8LWVSUDDN
� OHHUOLQJHQ
�KHOHPDDO� HHQV
0HW FRPSXWHUV LV KHW PRJHOLMN RP YHHO GLQJHQ WH GRHQ ��
-H KHEW HU YHHO DDQ� DOV MH ZHHW KRH MH FRPSXWHUV NXQW JHEUXLNHQ ��
&RPSXWHUV NXQQHQ PH KHOSHQ GLQJHQ PDNNHOLMNHU WH OHUHQ ��
$OOH OHHUOLQJHQ RS VFKRRO PRHWHQ LHWV NXQQHQ OHUHQ RYHU FRPSXWHUV ��
$OV MH PHW FRPSXWHUV NXQW ZHUNHQ� NXQ MH ODWHU HHQ EHWHUH EDDQ NULMJHQ ��
�VWDWLVWLVFKH EHWURXZEDDUKHLG� �����
Ondersteuning door ouders
:HLQLJ� OHHUOLQJHQ�ZRUGHQ� GRRU� KXQ� RXGHUV� JHVWLPXOHHUG� RP�GH� FRPSXWHU� WH� JHEUXLNHQ�]LH�WDEHO�������'H]H�VFKDDO�RPYDW�VOHFKWV�WZHH�LWHPV�HQ�GH�UHVXOWDWHQ�PRHWHQ�GDQ�RRN�PHWWHUXJKRXGHQGKHLG� ZRUGHQ� JHwQWHUSUHWHHUG�� 2RN� XLW� DQGHUH� UHVXOWDWHQ� EOLMNW� GDW� RXGHUV]LFK�UHODWLHI�ZHLQLJ�EH]LJ�KRXGHQ�PHW�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�YDQ�KXQ�NLQGHUHQ��0LQGHU�GDQHHQ� GHUGH� YDQ� GH� NLQGHUHQ� NULMJW� ELMYRRUEHHOG� GRRU� KXQ� RXGHUV� UHJHOV� RSJHOHJG� WHQDDQ]LHQ�YDQ�GH�WLMG�GLH�]LM�RS�GH�FRPSXWHU�PRJHQ�ZHUNHQ��%LM�YLHU�RS�GH�WLHQ�NLQGHUHQ�]LMQHU�WKXLV�DIVSUDNHQ�RYHU�ZDW�HU�ZHO�RI�QLHW�RS�GH�FRPSXWHU�JHGDDQ�PDJ�ZRUGHQ�
7DEHO ���0HQLQJ YDQ OHHUOLQJHQ XLW JURHS � RYHU XLWVSUDNHQ GLH EHKRUHQ WRW GH DWWLWXGHVFKDDO RQGHUVWHXQLQJ GRRURXGHUV
8LWVSUDDN
� OHHUOLQJHQ
�KHOHPDDO� HHQV
0LMQ RXGHUV ZLOOHQ GDW LN JRHG EHQ LQ KHW ZHUNHQ PHW FRPSXWHUV ��
0LMQ RXGHUV PRHGLJHQ PLM DDQ RP PHW FRPSXWHUV WH ZHUNHQ ��
�VWDWLVWLVFKH EHWURXZEDDUKHLG� �����
Attitudevergelijking 1992 – 1999
+HW� SOH]LHU� GDW� OHHUOLQJHQ� EHOHYHQ� DDQ� KHW� RPJDDQ� PHW� FRPSXWHUV� LV� JURRW� HQ� LV� WHQRS]LFKWH� YDQ� YRULJ� MDDU� YHUGHU� WRHJHQRPHQ�� 2RN� EOLMYHQ� GH� PHHVWH� OHHUOLQJHQ� KHWEHODQJULMN�HQ�UHOHYDQW�YLQGHQ�GDW�]H�JRHG�PHW�FRPSXWHUV�NXQQHQ�RPJDDQ��'H�PDWH�ZDDULQOHHUOLQJHQ�ELM�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�EHJHOHLGLQJ�HQ�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�YDQ�KXQ�RXGHUV�HUYDUHQ�LV�EHSHUNW�HQ�WHQ�RS]LFKWH�YDQ�YRULJ�MDDU�QLHW�YHUDQGHUG��ILJXXU�������,Q�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�GHJHJHYHQV� YDQ� ����� KHEEHQ� PHHU� OHHUOLQJHQ� XLW� JURHS� �� GH� LQGUXN� GDW� KXQ� RXGHUV� KHWEHODQJULMN�YLQGHQ�GDW�]LM�JRHG�PHW�FRPSXWHUV�NXQQHQ�RPJDDQ�
+RXGLQJ� NHQQLV HQ YDDUGLJKHGHQ ��
)LJXXU ���2QWZLNNHOLQJ LQ GH KRXGLQJ YDQ OHHUOLQJHQ WHQ RS]LFKWH YDQ ,&7 LQ GH SHULRGH ���������
Verschillen tussen jongens en meisjes
-RQJHQV�EHOHYHQ�PHHU�SOH]LHU�DDQ�KHW�ZHUNHQ�PHW�FRPSXWHUV�GDQ�PHLVMHV��,Q�YHUJHOLMNLQJPHW�GH�JHJHYHQV�YDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�GLH�LQ������LQ�JURHS���YDQ�KHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV�]DWHQ��LV�KHWSOH]LHU�YDQ�]RZHO�MRQJHQV�DOV�PHLVMHV�LQ�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV�WRHJHQRPHQ��2QGDQNVGH�WRHQDPH�ELM�EHLGH�VHNVHQ�LQ�KHW�SOH]LHU�GDW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�JHHIW��LV�KHW�YHUVFKLO�WXVVHQMRQJHQV�HQ�PHLVMHV�LQ������JHOLMN�DDQ�KHW�YHUVFKLO�WXVVHQ�EHLGH�VHNVHQ�LQ�������ILJXXU������-RQJHQV� HQ� PHLVMHV� YLQGHQ� KHW� EHLGHQ� UHOHYDQW� RP� JRHG� PHW� FRPSXWHUV� WH� NXQQHQRPJDDQ�� 'H� YHUVFKLOOHQ� WXVVHQ� EHLGH� VHNVHQ� ]LMQ� RS� GLW� DVSHFW� JHULQJ�� %H]LHQ� RYHU� GHSHULRGH�����������LV�GH�KRXGLQJ�YDQ�MRQJHQV�HQ�PHLVMHV�RYHU�GH�UHOHYDQWLH�YDQ�FRPSXWHU�JHEUXLN�RQYHUDQGHUG�SRVLWLHI�'XLGHOLMNH� YHUVFKLOOHQ� WXVVHQ� MRQJHQV� HQ� PHLVMHV� NRPHQ� QDDU� YRUHQ� LQ� GH� PDWH� ZDDULQOHHUOLQJHQ�YLQGHQ�GDW�]LM�GRRU�KXQ�RXGHUV�JHVWLPXOHHUG�ZRUGHQ�RP�PHW�FRPSXWHUV�WH�OHUHQRPJDDQ�� +RHZHO� GH� DDQGDFKW� YDQ� RXGHUV� YRRU� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� GRRU� OHHUOLQJHQ� LQ� GHDIJHORSHQ� MDUHQ� LV� WRHJHQRPHQ�� HUYDUHQ� MRQJHQV� YHHO� YDNHU� GDW� ]LM� GRRU� KXQ� RXGHUVJHVWLPXOHHUG� ZRUGHQ� LQ� KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� GDQ� PHLVMHV�� 5HVXPHUHQG� NDQ� ZRUGHQJHVWHOG�GDW�GH�YHUVFKLOOHQ�WXVVHQ�MRQJHQV�HQ�PHLVMHV�LQ�FRPSXWHUDWWLWXGH�LQ�KHW�DIJHORSHQGHFHQQLXP�QDXZHOLMNV�]LMQ�YHUDQGHUG�
��
��
��
��
��
��
����
��
3OH]LHU 5HOHYDQWLH 2QGHUVWHXQLQJ YDQ RXGHUV�
��
��
��
��
���� OHHUOLQJHQ
���� ���� ����
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
)LJXXU ���9HUJHOLMNLQJ WXVVHQ MRQJHQV HQ PHLVMHV LQ FRPSXWHUDWWLWXGH WHQ DDQ]LHQ YDQ SOH]LHU� UHOHYDQWLH HQRQGHUVWHXQLQJ YDQ RXGHUV
���� ���� �����
��
��
��
��
���� SRVLWLHYH UHDFWLHV RS DWWLWXGHVFKDDO SOH]LHU
PHLVMHV MRQJHQV
)LJXXU ���D
���� ���� �����
��
��
��
��
���� SRVLWLHYH UHDFWLHV RS DWWLWXGHVFKDDO UHOHYDQWLH
PHLVMHV MRQJHQV
)LJXXU ���E
���� ���� �����
��
��
��
��
���� SRVLWLHYH UHDFWLHV RS DWWLWXGHVFKDDO RQGHUVWHXQLQJ RXGHUV
PHLVMHV MRQJHQV
)LJXXU ���F
+RXGLQJ� NHQQLV HQ YDDUGLJKHGHQ ��
9RRU�HHQ�DDQWDO�DVSHFWHQ�YDQ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�LV�DDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�GH�YUDDJ�YRRUJHOHJG�RI�HUYHUVFKLOOHQ� EHVWDDQ� WXVVHQ� MRQJHQV� HQ�PHLVMHV�� 'H� UHVXOWDWHQ� LQ� WDEHO� ���� ODWHQ� ]LHQ� GDWRQJHYHHU�GH�KHOIW�YDQ�GH� OHHUOLQJHQ�YDQ�PHQLQJ� LV�GDW�HU�YRRU�GH�YHUVFKLOOHQGH�DVSHFWHQYDQ� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� JHHQ� YHUVFKLO� LV� WXVVHQ� MRQJHQV� HQ� PHLVMHV�� 9RRU]RYHU� OHHUOLQJHQYHUVFKLOOHQ�HUYDUHQ��]LMQ�GH�PHHVWH�OHHUOLQJHQ�YDQ�PHQLQJ�GDW�KHW�EHWUHIIHQGH�NHQPHUN�YDQFRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�YDNHU�ELM�MRQJHQV�GDQ�ELM�PHLVMHV�YRRUNRPW�
7DEHO ���9HUVFKLOOHQ WXVVHQ MRQJHQV HQ PHLVMHV
SHUFHQWDJH OHHUOLQJHQ
6WHOOLQJMRQJHQV
PHHU
PDDNW QLHW
XLW
PHLVMHV
PHHU
:LH VSHOHQ HU PHHU FRPSXWHUVSHOOHWMHV" �� �� �
:LH EHOHYHQ HU KHW PHHVWH SOH]LHU DDQ HHQ EDDQ
ZDDUELM PHW FRPSXWHUV ZRUGW JHZHUNW" �� �� �
:LH PDNHQ GH PHHVWH NDQV RS HHQ EDDQ DOV
FRPSXWHUSURJUDPPHXU" �� �� �
:LH ZHWHQ KHW PHHVWH YDQ FRPSXWHUV" �� �� �
,Q�ILJXXU������LV�RQGHUVFKHLG�JHPDDNW�LQ�GH�DQWZRRUGHQ�YDQ�MRQJHQV�HQ�PHLVMHV��7HYHQVODDW� GH]H� ILJXXU� GH� RQWZLNNHOLQJ� ]LHQ� WHQ� RS]LFKWH� YDQ� GH� JHJHYHQV� GLH� LQ� ����� ]LMQYHU]DPHOG��8LW�GH�ILJXXU�NRPW�GXLGHOLMN�QDDU�YRUHQ�GDW�GH�DWWLWXGH�YDQ�MRQJHQV�DDQ]LHQOLMNLV�YHUDQGHUG�WHUZLMO�GH�DWWLWXGH�YDQ�PHLVMHV�VOHFKWV�ZHLQLJ�LV�YHUDQGHUG��'H�ULFKWLQJ�YDQ�GHYHUDQGHULQJ�LV�ELM�MRQJHQV�HQ�PHLVMHV�JHOLMN��8LW�GH�UHVXOWDWHQ�YDQ�EHLGH�VHNVHQ�NRPW�QDDUYRUHQ�GDW�GH�YHUVFKLOOHQ�WXVVHQ�MRQJHQV�HQ�PHLVMHV�WRHQHPHQ�HQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�VWHHGV�PLQGHUYDDN� YDQ� PHQLQJ� ]LMQ� GDW� MRQJHQV� HQ� PHLVMHV� JHOLMN� ]LMQ� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� FRPSXWHU�JHEUXLN�� +RHZHO� QRJ� VWHHGV� KHW� PHUHQGHHO� YDQ� GH� PHLVMHV� YDQ� PHQLQJ� LV� GDW� HU� JHHQYHUVFKLOOHQ�EHVWDDQ�WXVVHQ�MRQJHQV�HQ�PHLVMHV�RS�GH�YHUVFKLOOHQGH�DVSHFWHQ�YDQ�FRPSXWHU�JHEUXLN��EHKRRUW�GH]H�PHQLQJ�RQGHU�GH�MRQJHQV�LQPLGGHOV�WRW�HHQ�PLQGHUKHLGVVWDQGSXQW�=RZHO�LQ������DOV�LQ������NRPW�KHW�ZHLQLJ�YRRU�GDW�EHSDDOGH�NHQPHUNHQ�YDQ�FRPSXWHU�JHEUXLN�YDNHU�DDQ�PHLVMHV�GDQ�DDQ� MRQJHQV�ZRUGHQ� WRHJHNHQG��'H]H�JHJHYHQV� ODWHQ�QLHWDOOHHQ�]LHQ�GDW�HU�EHWHNHQLVYROOH�YHUVFKLOOHQ�]LMQ�WXVVHQ�MRQJHQV�HQ�PHLVMHV�LQ�GH�SHUFHSWLHYDQ� KXQ� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�� PDDU� GH� WUHQGJHJHYHQV� ZLM]HQ� HU� ERYHQGLHQ� RS� GDW� GH]HYHUVFKLOOHQ�LQ�GH�DIJHORSHQ�SHULRGH�YHUGHU�]LMQ�WRHJHQRPHQ��%LM�VWHHGV�PHHU�MRQJHQV�RQW�ZLNNHOW�]LFK�HHQ�EHHOG�GDW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�HHQ�GRRU�MRQJHQV�JHGRPLQHHUGH�DFWLYLWHLW�LV�
)LJXXU ����9HUJHOLMNLQJ WXVVHQ MRQJHQV HQ PHLVMHV LQ FRPSXWHUDWWLWXGH
���� � �����
��
��
��
��� PHLVMHV
MRQJHQV EHWHU PHLVMHV EHWHU JHHQ YHUVFKLO
)LJXXU ����E
���� �����
��
��
��
��� MRQJHQV
MRQJHQV EHWHU PHLVMHV EHWHU JHHQ YHUVFKLO
)LJXXU ����D
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
5.3 Kennis en vaardigheden van leerkrachten
$DQ�GH� ,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU� LV� JHYUDDJG� LQ�ZHONH�PDWH� GH� OHUDUHQ�RS� VFKRRO� RYHU� EHSDDOGHNHQQLV�HQ�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�RS�,&7�JHELHG�EHVFKLNNHQ��'H]H�NHQQLV�HQ�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�ZRUGHQEHVFKUHYHQ�DDQ�GH�KDQG�YDQ�YLMI�LQKRXGHOLMNH�GRPHLQHQ�� EDVLVNHQQLV�RYHU�RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�� NHQQLV�RYHU�PRGHUQH�WHFKQRORJLHsQ�� NHQQLV�RYHU�YRUGHULQJHQUHJLVWUDWLH�� VSHFLDOLVWHQNHQQLV�RYHU�RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJ�JHEUXLN�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV�� DOJHPHQH�FRPSXWHUYDDUGLJKHGHQ�
Basiskennis over onderwijskundig computergebruik
2S� UXLP� GH� KHOIW� YDQ� GH� EDVLVVFKROHQ� EHVFKLNW� KHW� PHUHQGHHO� YDQ� GH� OHUDUHQ� RYHUEDVLVYDDUGLJKHGHQ�LQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJ�JHEUXLN�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV� �ILJXXU��������+HW�JDDWGDDUELM� RP� KHW� NXQQHQ� JHEUXLNHQ� YDQ� VSHFLILHNH� SURJUDPPDV� YRRU� OHHU�� HQ� YRUPLQJV�JHELHGHQ�HQ�GH�RUJDQLVDWRULVFKH�LQSDVVLQJ�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�LQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV��+HW�LQ]HWWHQYDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU� DOV�KXOSPLGGHO�YRRU� OHHUVWRI��RI� WHPSRGLIIHUHQWLDWLH� LV� HHQ�YDDUGLJKHLGGLH�GH�PHHVWH�OHUDUHQ�YROJHQV�GH�,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU�QLHW�EHKHHUVHQ�
)LJXXU ����3HUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ ZDDUELM HHQ GHHO YDQ GH OHUDUHQ YROJHQV GH ,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU EHVFKLNW RYHUHOHPHQWDLUH NHQQLV HQ YDDUGLJKHGHQ RS KHW JHELHG YDQ RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJ FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN
Kennis over moderne technologieën
(HQ�NOHLQ�GHHO�YDQ�GH�OHUDUHQ�LV�YHUWURXZG�PHW�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�YDQ�PRGHUQH�WHFKQRORJLHsQ]RDOV�PXOWLPHGLD��H�PDLO�HQ�,QWHUQHW��ILJXXU��������+RHZHO�HU�RS�PHHU�GDQ�GH�KHOIW�YDQ�GHVFKROHQ� WHQPLQVWH� ppQ� OHHUNUDFKW� DDQZH]LJ� LV� GLH� NDQ� RPJDDQ� PHW� GH� YHUVFKLOOHQGHWRHSDVVLQJHQ�YDQ�PRGHUQH�WHFKQRORJLH��NRPW�KHW�ZHLQLJ�YRRU�GDW�KHW�PHUHQGHHO�YDQ�HHQVFKRROWHDP�ELMYRRUEHHOG�PHW�,QWHUQHW�RI�H�PDLO�NDQ�RPJDDQ�
VSHFLILHNH SURJUDPPDV YRRU YDNNHQ
RUJDQLVDWRULVFKH LQSDVVLQJ
GLIIHUHQWLDWLH PHW FRPSXWHUV
FRPSXWHU DOV GLGDFWLVFK KXOSPLGGHO
� �� �� �� �� ���
SHUFHQWDJH EDVLVVFKROHQ
GH KHOIW RI PHHU YDQ GH OHUDUHQ PLQGHU GDQ GH KHOIW YDQ GH OHUDUHQ
+RXGLQJ� NHQQLV HQ YDDUGLJKHGHQ ��
)LJXXU ����3HUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ ZDDUELM HHQ GHHO YDQ GH OHUDUHQ YROJHQV GH ,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU EHVFKLNW RYHUNHQQLV RS KHW JHELHG YDQ PRGHUQH WHFKQRORJLH
Kennis over vorderingenregistratie
+HW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� GH� FRPSXWHU� YRRU� WRHWVLQJ� RI� YRUGHULQJHQUHJLVWUDWLH� LV� RS� GH� PHHVWHVFKROHQ�HHQ�YDDUGLJKHLG�ZDDUPHH�VOHFKWV�HHQ�HQNHOH�OHHUNUDFKW�YHUWURXZG�LV��ILJXXU�������'LW�ZLMVW�HU�RS�GDW�HU�QRJ�PDDU�ZHLQLJ�VFKROHQ�]LMQ�ZDDU�KHW�PHUHQGHHO�YDQ�KHW�VFKRRO�WHDP�NDQ�RPJDDQ�PHW�HHQ�HOHNWURQLVFK�OHHUOLQJYROJV\VWHHP�
)LJXXU ����3HUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ ZDDUELM HHQ GHHO YDQ GH OHUDUHQ YROJHQV GH ,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU GH FRPSXWHU NDQJHEUXLNHQ YRRU YRUGHULQJHQUHJLVWUDWLH
Specialistenkennis in onderwijskundig gebruik van computers
6SHFLDOLVWHQNHQQLV� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJ� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�� ]RDOV� KHWHYDOXHUHQ� HQ� VHOHFWHUHQ� YDQ� SURJUDPPDV� RI� KHW� DDQSDVVHQ� YDQ� SURJUDPPDV� LV� RS� GHPHHVWH�VFKROHQ�ELM�HQNHOH�OHHUNUDFKWHQ�DDQZH]LJ��ILJXXU�������
JHEUXLN YDQ PXOWLPHGLDWRHSDVVLQJHQ
H�PDLO
,QWHUQHW�:::
SUHVHQWDWLHSURJUDPPDV
� �� �� �� �� ���
SHUFHQWDJH EDVLVVFKROHQ
GH KHOIW RI PHHU YDQ GH OHUDUHQ PLQGHU GDQ GH KHOIW YDQ GH OHUDUHQ
ELMKRXGHQ YDQ OHHUOLQJYRUGHULQJHQ
WRHWVHQ PHW LQ]HW YDQ ,&7
� �� �� �� �� ���
SHUFHQWDJH EDVLVVFKROHQ
GH KHOIW RI PHHU YDQ GH OHUDUHQ PLQGHU GDQ GH KHOIW YDQ GH OHUDUHQ
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
)LJXXU ����3HUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ ZDDUELM HHQ GHHO YDQ GH OHUDUHQ YROJHQV GH ,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU EHVFKLNW RYHUVSHFLDOLVWHQNHQQLV RS KHW JHELHG RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJ FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN
Algemene computervaardigheden
2S� WZHHGHUGH� YDQ� GH� VFKROHQ� EHVFKLNW� KHW� PHUHQGHHO� YDQ� GH� OHUDUHQ� RYHU� NHQQLV� HQYDDUGLJKHGHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�:LQGRZV�:LQGRZV�17��ILJXXU��������2S�QHJHQ�YDQ�HONHWLHQ� EDVLVVFKROHQ� ]LMQ� GH� PHHVWH� OHUDUHQ� LQ� VWDDW� RP� GH� FRPSXWHU� WH� JHEUXLNHQ� YRRUWHNVWYHUZHUNLQJ�� +LHUXLW� EOLMNW� GDW� KHW� PHUHQGHHO� YDQ� GH� OHUDUHQ� GH� DOJHPHQH� EDVLV�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�YRRU�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�EHKHHUVW�
0HW� KHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� GDWDEDVHV� HQ� VSUHDGVKHHWV� ]LMQ� OHUDUHQ� PLQGHU� YHUWURXZG�� 2S� GHPHHVWH�VFKROHQ�LV�HU�HHQ�HQNHOH�OHUDDU�GLH�PHW�GH]H�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�NDQ�RPJDDQ�
)LJXXU ����3HUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ ZDDUELM HHQ GHHO YDQ GH OHUDUHQ YROJHQV GH ,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU EHVFKLNW RYHUDOJHPHQH FRPSXWHUYDDUGLJKHGHQ
SURJUDPPDV HYDOXHUHQ HQ VHOHFWHUHQ
SURJUDPPDV DDQSDVVHQ
� �� �� �� �� ���
SHUFHQWDJH EDVLVVFKROHQ
GH KHOIW RI PHHU YDQ GH OHUDUHQ PLQGHU GDQ GH KHOIW YDQ GH OHUDUHQ
06�:LQGRZV
WHNVWYHUZHUNHU
GDWDEDVH
VSUHDGVKHHW
� �� �� �� �� ���
SHUFHQWDJH EDVLVVFKROHQ
GH KHOIW RI PHHU YDQ GH OHUDUHQ PLQGHU GDQ GH KHOIW YDQ GH OHUDUHQ
+RXGLQJ� NHQQLV HQ YDDUGLJKHGHQ ��
Longitudinale vergelijking
,Q� ILJXXU� ����� LV� YRRU� HON� YDQ� GH� NHQQLVGRPHLQHQ� KHW� SHUFHQWDJH� VFKROHQ� DDQJHJHYHQZDDUELM�PHHU� GDQ�GH� KHOIW� YDQ�GH� OHUDUHQ�RYHU� GH� ELMEHKRUHQGH� NHQQLV� HQ� YDDUGLJKHGHQEHVFKLNW��'H� UHVXOWDWHQ� ODWHQ� ]LHQ� GDW� RS�PHHU� GDQ� GH� KHOIW� YDQ� GH� VFKROHQ� GH�PHHVWHOHUDUHQ� RYHU� DOJHPHQH� FRPSXWHUYDDUGLJKHGHQ� �:LQGRZV� HQ� WHNVWYHUZHUNHQ�� HQ� EDVLV�NHQQLV� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJ� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� EHVFKLNNHQ�� .HQQLV� RYHUPRGHUQH� WHFKQRORJLH� ]RDOV� KHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� FRPSXWHUV� YRRU� FRPPXQLFDWLHGRHOHLQGHQ� LVQRJ�PDDU� RS� EHVFKHLGHQ� VFKDDO� LQ� KHW� EDVLVRQGHUZLMV� DDQZH]LJ�� (YHQ]R� ]LMQ� HU� ZHLQLJOHUDUHQ�GLH�YHUWURXZG�]LMQ�PHW�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV�WHQ�EHKRHYH�YDQ�YRUGHULQJHQ�UHJLVWUDWLH�� 1DDU� YHUZDFKWLQJ� LV� VSHFLDOLVWHQNHQQLV� YRRUEHKRXGHQ� DDQ� HHQ� HQNHOH� OHUDDUELQQHQ�GH�VFKRRO��,Q�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�GH�JHJHYHQV�YDQ�YRULJ�MDDU�LV�GH�NHQQLV�YDQ�OHUDUHQRS�HON�YDQ�GH�RQGHUVFKHLGHQ�JHELHGHQ�QDJHQRHJ�RQYHUDQGHUG�JHEOHYHQ��+LHUELM�GLHQW� LQDDQPHUNLQJ�WH�ZRUGHQ�JHQRPHQ�GDW�GH�JHKDQWHHUGH�PDDW�YRRU� ORQJLWXGLQDOH�YHUJHOLMNLQJJHEDVHHUG� LV� RS� GH� NHQQLV� ZDDURYHU� KHW� PHUHQGHHO� YDQ� GH� OHUDUHQ� ELQQHQ� HHQ� VFKRROEHVFKLNW��'DDUPHH�ZRUGW�KHW�NHQQLVQLYHDX�RS�KRRIGOLMQHQ� LQ�NDDUW�JHEUDFKW��.HQQLV�YDQHHQ�HQNHOH�OHUDDU�ELQQHQ�GH�VFKRRO��NRPW�LQ�GH]H�PDDW�QLHW�WRW�XLWGUXNNLQJ�
)LJXXU ����3HUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ ZDDUELM PHHU GDQ GH KHOIW YDQ GH OHUDUHQ EHVFKLNW RYHU NHQQLV HQ YDDUGLJKHGHQRS KHW JHELHG YDQ ,&7
Deskundigheidsbevordering
'HVNXQGLJKHLGVEHYRUGHULQJ� YDQ� OHHUNUDFKWHQ� ZRUGW� GRRU� VFKROHQ� RS� YHUVFKLOOHQGHPDQLHUHQ�YRUPJHJHYHQ��2S�GH�PHHVWH�VFKROHQ�������YLQGW�NHQQLVRYHUGUDFKW�SODDWV�GRRUPLGGHO� YDQ� LQIRUPHOH� FRQWDFWHQ� WXVVHQ� OHHUNUDFKWHQ� HQ� YLD� GH� ,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU� �ILJXXU�������%LMQD�����YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�GRHW�YRRU�VFKROLQJ�F�T��NHQQLVRYHUGUDFKW�HHQ�EHURHS�RSHHQ�H[WHUQH�LQVWHOOLQJ��$QGHUH�YRUPHQ�YDQ�NHQQLVRYHUGUDFKW�NRPHQ�QDXZHOLMNV�YRRU�
��
�
��
�
��
��
�
��
�
��
RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJ JHEUXLN
PRGHUQH WHFKQRORJLH
YRUGHULQJHQUHJLVWUDWLH
VSHFLDOLVWHQNHQQLV
DOJHPHQH FRPSXWHUYDDUGLJKHGHQ
� �� �� �� �� ���
SHUFHQWDJH EDVLVVFKROHQ
���� ����
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
)LJXXU ����0DQLHUHQ YDQ NHQQLVRYHUGUDFKW ELQQHQ VFKROHQ
*HPLGGHOG�KDQWHHUW�HHQ�VFKRRO�GULH�YDQ�ERYHQVWDDQGH�YRUPHQ�YDQ�NHQQLVRYHUGUDFKW��7HQRS]LFKWH� YDQ� YRULJ� MDDU� LV� GLW� QLHW� YHUDQGHUG��:HO� GRHW� ]LFK� HHQ� YHUVFKXLYLQJ� YRRU�� HHQJURWHU�DDQWDO�VFKROHQ�GRHW�HHQ�EHURHS�RS�HHQ�H[WHUQH�LQVWHOOLQJ�YRRU�VFKROLQJ�����������������������HQ�GH�LQ]HW�YDQ�GH�,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU�RS�GLW�WHUUHLQ�QHHPW�DI�����������������������
5.4 Kennis en vaardigheden van leerlingen
%LMQD�DOOH�OHHUOLQJHQ�NXQQHQ�RPJDDQ�PHW�HHQ�FRPSXWHUVSHOOHWMH��WDEHO�������5XLP�GULHNZDUWYDQ�GH� OHHUOLQJHQ� LV� LQ�VWDDW�GH�EDVLVKDQGHOLQJHQ�ELQQHQ�HHQ�WHNVWYHUZHUNLQJVSURJUDPPDHQ� WHNHQSURJUDPPD�XLW� WH� YRHUHQ��9HHO� OHHUOLQJHQ� ]LMQ� RRN� LQ� VWDDW� RP�PHHU� VSHFLILHNHYHUULFKWLQJHQ�ELQQHQ�GH]H�SURJUDPPDV�XLW�WH�YRHUHQ��1RJ�PDDU�HHQ�EHSHUNW�GHHO�YDQ�GHOHHUOLQJHQ�NDQ�RPJDDQ�PHW�,QWHUQHW�HQ�H�PDLO�9HUJHOHNHQ� PHW� HHQ� MDDU� JHOHGHQ� JHYHQ� LHWV� PHHU� OHHUOLQJHQ� DDQ� GDW� ]H� GH� FRPSXWHU�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�GLH�YHUPHOG�VWDDQ�LQ�WDEHO�������EHKHHUVHQ�
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�
LQIRUPHOH FRQWDFWHQ
,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU
H[WHUQH LQVWHOOLQJ
ZHUNJURHS
FROOHJD HLJHQ VFKRRO
WHDPYHUJDGHULQJHQ
LQWHUQ EHJHOHLGHU
FXUVXV YDQ GH VFKRRO
QLHXZVEULHI
� �� �� �� �� ���
SHUFHQWDJH EDVLVVFKROHQ
+RXGLQJ� NHQQLV HQ YDDUGLJKHGHQ ��
7DEHO ���:DW OHHUOLQJHQ XLW JURHS � ]RQGHU KXOS RS GH FRPSXWHU NXQQHQ
SHUFHQWDJH OHHUOLQJHQ
,N NDQ � � � ����
YHUVFKLO �����
����
6SHOOHWMHV
FRPSXWHUVSHOOHWMH VWDUWHQ �� ��
FRPSXWHUVSHO VSHOHQ �� �
7HNVWYHUZHUNHQ
WHNVW EHZDUHQ �� ��
ZRRUGHQ YHW �GLNJHGUXNW� PDNHQ �� ��
]LQ RS HHQ DQGHUH SODDWV LQ HHQ YHUKDDO ]HWWHQ �� ��
OHWWHUV PHW OHHVWHNHQV �EY� s� p� w� |� HQ]� LQ GH WHNVW ]HWWHQ �� ��
JHEUXLN PDNHQ YDQ HHQ VSHOOLQJVFRQWUROH �� ��
EHVWDDQG SODDWMH LQ HHQ YHUKDDO WRHYRHJHQ �� ��
7HNHQHQ
UHFKWKRHN HQ HHQ FLUNHO RS GH FRPSXWHU WHNHQHQ �� ��
NOHXU YDQ OHWWHUV YHUDQGHUHQ LQ HHQ WHNHQLQJ �� ��
DIEHHOGLQJ RS ]LMQ NRS ]HWWHQ �URWHUHQ� �� ��
(�PDLO
H�PDLO YHUVWXUHQ �� ��
H�PDLO EHDQWZRRUGHQ �UHSO\� �� ��
EHULFKW GRRUVWXUHQ �IRUZDUG� �� ��
ELMODJH �DWWDFKPHQW� PHHVWXUHQ � �
,QWHUQHW�:::
VXUIHQ RS ,QWHUQHW �� ��
,QWHUQHW�:::�SDJLQD XLWSULQWHQ �� ��
EODGZLM]HUV �ERRNPDUNV� PDNHQ �� ��
JHEUXLN PDNHQ YDQ ]RHNSURJUDPPDV RS ,QWHUQHW�::: �� ��
EHVWDQG YDQ ,QWHUQHW�::: KDOHQ �GRZQORDGHQ� �� ��
FKDWWHQ �� ��
)LJXXU� ����� JHHIW� SHU� FOXVWHU� YDQ� YDDUGLJKHGHQ� �]LH� WDEHO� ����� HHQ� RYHU]LFKW� YDQ� KHWJHPLGGHOG� SHUFHQWDJH� OHHUOLQJHQ� GDW� RYHU� GH]H� YDDUGLJKHGHQ� EHVFKLNW�� 'H]H� ILJXXULOOXVWUHHUW�GDW�GH� OHHUOLQJHQ�GLH� LQ������ LQ� JURHS���YDQ�KHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV� ]DWHQ��RS� DOOH,&7�RQGHUGHOHQ�PHHU�ZHWHQ�GDQ�GH� OHHUOLQJHQ�GLH�HHQ� MDDU� HHUGHU� LQ� JURHS��� ]DWHQ��'LWZLMVW�HU�RS�GDW�OHHUOLQJHQ�RS�MRQJHUH�OHHIWLMG�RYHU�PHHU�,&7�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�EHVFKLNNHQ�
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
)LJXXU ����&RPSXWHUNHQQLV HQ �YDDUGLJKHGHQ YDQ OHHUOLQJHQ LQ ���� HQ ����
5.5 Samenvatting
� 'ULHNZDUW�YDQ�GH�OHUDUHQ�YLQGW�GDW�GRRU�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�GH�PRWLYDWLH�YDQOHHUOLQJHQ� LV� WRHJHQRPHQ� HQ� OHHUVWRI� HIILFLsQWHU� JHWUDLQG� NDQ�ZRUGHQ��'ULH� YDQ� HONHWLHQ� OHUDUHQ� YLQGHQ� GDW� GH� OHHUSUHVWDWLHV� YDQ� OHHUOLQJHQ� WHQ� JHYROJH� YDQ� FRPSXWHU�JHEUXLN�YHUEHWHUHQ�
� ,Q�GH�SHULRGH�WXVVHQ�������������QHHPW�KHW�DDQWDO� OHUDUHQ�WRH�GDW�SRVLWLHYH�YHUDQGH�ULQJHQ�HUYDDUW� DOV�JHYROJ�YDQ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� LQ�GH�NODV��6LQGV������GLHQW� ]LFK�HHQGDOHQGH� WUHQG� DDQ�� (HQ� PRJHOLMNH� YHUNODULQJ� YRRU� GH]H� RQWZLNNHOLQJ� LV� GDW� KHWFRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� LQPLGGHOV� YHUDQNHUG� LV� LQ� GH� GDJHOLMNVH� RQGHUZLMVSUDNWLMN� YDQ� YHHOOHUDUHQ�HQ�GDDUGRRU�QLHW�ODQJHU�DOV�HHQ�YHUDQGHULQJ�ZRUGW�HUYDUHQ�
� +HW�SOH]LHU�GDW� OHHUOLQJHQ�EHOHYHQ�DDQ�KHW�RPJDDQ�PHW�FRPSXWHUV� LV�JURRW�HQ� LV� WHQRS]LFKWH�YDQ�YRULJ� MDDU�YHUGHU� WRHJHQRPHQ��2RN�YLQGHQ� OHHUOLQJHQ�KHW�EHODQJULMN�HQUHOHYDQW�GDW� ]H� JRHG�PHW�FRPSXWHUV� NXQQHQ�RPJDDQ��'H�PDWH�ZDDULQ� OHHUOLQJHQ�ELMKHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�EHJHOHLGLQJ�HQ�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�YDQ�KXQ�RXGHUV�HUYDUHQ��LV�EHSHUNW�
� -RQJHQV� HQ� PHLVMHV� YHUVFKLOOHQ� LQ� KXQ� KRXGLQJ� WHQ� RS]LFKWH� YDQ� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�-RQJHQV�YLQGHQ�ZHUNHQ�PHW�FRPSXWHUV�OHXNHU�HQ�EHODQJULMNHU�GDQ�PHLVMHV��%RYHQGLHQKHEEHQ� MRQJHQV� YDNHU� KHW� JHYRHO� GDW� ]LM� GRRU� KXQ� RXGHUV� JHVWLPXOHHUG�ZRUGHQ� RPPHW�FRPSXWHUV�WH�OHUHQ�RPJDDQ��,Q�KHW�DIJHORSHQ�GHFHQQLXP�]LMQ�GH�VHNVHYHUVFKLOOHQELM� OHHUOLQJHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� WRHJHQRPHQ��6WHHGV�PHHU� MRQJHQVYLQGHQ�GDW�]LM�PHHU�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV�ZHWHQ�GDQ�PHLVMHV�
� +HW�PHUHQGHHO�YDQ�GH�OHUDUHQ�EHVFKLNW�RYHU�DOJHPHQH�FRPSXWHUYDDUGLJKHGHQ�HQ�LV�LQVWDDW�GH�FRPSXWHU�YRRU�RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ�LQ�WH�]HWWHQ��:HLQLJ� OHUDUHQ�]LMQ�EHNHQGPHW�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�YDQ�PRGHUQH�WHFKQRORJLH�]RDOV�PXOWLPHGLD��H�PDLO�HQ�,QWHUQHW��'HNHQQLV�YDQ�OHUDUHQ�LV�LQ�KHW�DIJHORSHQ�MDDU�RS�JHHQ�HQNHO�DVSHFW�YDQ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLNEHWHNHQLVYRO�YHUDQGHUG�
� ,QIRUPDWLH�XLWZLVVHOLQJ� RYHU� ,&7� YHUORRSW� RS� GH� PHHVWH� VFKROHQ� YLD� GH� ,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU�HQ�YLD�LQIRUPHOH�FRQWDFWHQ��9RRU�VFKROLQJ�ZRUGW�PLQGHU�YDDN�HHQ�EHURHSJHGDDQ�RS�GH�,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU�HQ�YDNHU�HHQ�H[WHUQH�LQVWDQWLH�EHQDGHUG�
� 'H�PHHVWH�OHHUOLQJHQ�NXQQHQ�]RQGHU�KXOS�VSHOOHWMHV�RS�GH�FRPSXWHU�VSHOHQ��HHQ�WHNVWVFKULMYHQ�HQ�HHQ�WHNHQLQJ�PDNHQ��(HQ�NOHLQ�GHHO�YDQ�GH�OHHUOLQJHQ�NDQ�JHEUXLN�PDNHQYDQ� H�PDLO� HQ� ,QWHUQHW�� /HHUOLQJHQ� EHVFKLNNHQ� RS� MRQJHUH� OHHIWLMG� RYHU� VWHHGV� PHHU,&7�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
VSHO
WHNVW
WHNHQHQ
H�PDLO
,QWHUQHW
� �� �� �� �� ���
SHUFHQWDJH OHHUOLQJHQ
���� ����
2QGHUVWHXQLQJ� VDPHQZHUNLQJ� NQHOSXQWHQ HQ EHKRHIWHQ ��
�� ONDERSTEUNING, SAMENWERKING, KNELPUNTEN EN BEHOEFTEN
,Q� GLW� KRRIGVWXN� NRPHQ� YLHU� DVSHFWHQ� YDQ� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� DDQ� ERG� GLH� QDXZ� PHWHONDDU�VDPHQKDQJHQ��(HUVW�ZRUGHQ�JHJHYHQV�JHSUHVHQWHHUG�RYHU�GH�LQVWHOOLQJHQ�HQ�JURHSHQGLH�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�JHYHQ�DDQ�VFKROHQ��SDUDJUDDI������HQ�OHHUNUDFKWHQ�������ELM�GH�LQYRH�ULQJ�YDQ�,&7��'DDUQD�ZRUGW� LQJHJDDQ�RS�GH�VDPHQZHUNLQJ� WXVVHQ�VFKROHQ��SDUDJUDDI������,Q�GH�SDUDJUDIHQ�����HQ�����NRPHQ�YHUYROJHQV�JHJHYHQV�DDQ�ERG�RYHU�GH�NQHOSXQ�WHQ�HQ�GH�EHKRHIWHQ�GLH�VFKROHQ�HUYDUHQ�ELM�GH�LQYRHULQJ�YDQ�,&7��'H�VORWSDUDJUDDI������EHYDW�HHQ�VDPHQYDWWLQJ�YDQ�GH�EHODQJULMNVWH�UHVXOWDWHQ�
6.1 Ondersteuning van de school
'H� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� GLH� VFKROHQ� NULMJHQ� ELM� GH� LQYRHULQJ� YDQ� ,&7� LV� WH� YHUGHOHQ� LQ� YLHUJHELHGHQ�� ILQDQFLsQ�� VFKROLQJ�� EHJHOHLGLQJ�� RYHULJH�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�)LQDQFLsOH�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�YRRU�GH�LQYRHULQJ�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV�RQWYDQJHQ�VFKROHQ�PHW�QDPHYDQ�GH�RYHUKHLG�L�F��KHW�0LQLVWHULH�YDQ�2&:�������HQ�KHW�HLJHQ�VFKRROEHVWXXU�������'DDUQDDVW�RQWYDQJW�����YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�ILQDQFLsOH�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�YDQXLW�KHW�EHGULMIVOHYHQ�2S�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�VFKROLQJ�HUYDDUW�ELMQD�GH�KHOIW�YDQ�GH�EDVLVVFKROHQ� ������RQGHUVWHX�QLQJ�YDQ�GH�ORNDOH�RQGHUZLMVEHJHOHLGLQJVGLHQVW��9HUGHU�LV�����YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�YDQ�PHQLQJGDW�GH�3$%2�HHQ�ELMGUDJH�OHYHUW�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�VFKROLQJ�%HJHOHLGLQJ�ELM�GH�LQWHJUDWLH�YDQ�,&7�LQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�NULMJHQ�EDVLVVFKROHQ�YDQ�RQGHUZLMV�EHJHOHLGLQJVGLHQVWHQ� ������� RXGHUV� ������� FROOHJDV� YDQ� DQGHUH� VFKROHQ� ������ HQYDNYHUHQLJLQJHQ�]RDOV�2:*�������
2YHULJH�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�KHHIW�YRRUQDPHOLMN�EHWUHNNLQJ�RS�GH�OHYHULQJ�YDQ�SURJUDPPDWXXUHQ�DSSDUDWXXU��,QVWDQWLHV�GLH�RS�GLW�WHUUHLQ�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�OHYHUHQ��]LMQ�� YDNYHUHQLJLQJHQ��]RDOV�2:*�������� HGXFDWLHYH�XLWJHYHULMHQ�������� EHGULMIVOHYHQ�������� 6&%2�������9HUGHU�NULMJW�����YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�YDQ�RXGHUV�ELM�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�RSVFKRRO�
6DPHQJHYDW�HUYDUHQ�GH�PHHVWH�VFKROHQ�RS�ppQ�RI�PHHUGHUH�JHELHGHQ�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�YDQGH�RQGHUZLMVEHJHOHLGLQJVGLHQVW� �������KHW�0LQLVWHULH� YDQ�2&:�������� HHQ�YDNYHUHQL�JLQJ�]RDOV�2:*��������KHW�VFKRROEHVWXXU�������HQ�RXGHUV��������6OHFKWV�ZHLQLJ�VFKROHQHUYDUHQ�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�YDQ�KHW�6/2��XQLYHUVLWHLWHQ��KRJHVFKROHQ�HQ�GH�/3&��ILJXXU������
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
)LJXXU ���,QVWDQWLHV�JURHSHQ ZDDUYDQ VFKROHQ RQGHUVWHXQLQJ HUYDUHQ ELM GH LQYRHULQJ YDQ ,&7
'H� YHUVFKLOOHQGH� LQVWHOOLQJHQ� HQ� JURHSHQ� GLH� YHUPHOG� VWDDQ� LQ� ILJXXU� ���� LV� LQ� DDQWDO� WHUHGXFHUHQ�GRRU�]H�LQ�WH�GHOHQ�LQ�FOXVWHUV�YDQ�RQGHUVWHXQHQGH�JURHSHULQJHQ�� RYHUKHLG��PLQLVWHULH�YDQ�2&:�HQ�3URFHVPDQDJHPHQW�,&7��� ORNDDO�EHVWXXU��JHPHHQWH�HQ�VFKRROEHVWXXU��� FROOHJLDDO�HQ�LQIRUPHHO�QHWZHUN��FROOHJDV�YDQ�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ�HQ�RXGHUV��� ODQGHOLMNH�RQGHUZLMVRQGHUVWHXQHQGH�LQVWHOOLQJHQ��6/2��&,72��$36��&36��.3&��/3&�
,7��� ORNDOH�RQGHUZLMVEHJHOHLGLQJVGLHQVW�� YDNYHUHQLJLQJHQ��2:*��� DQGHUH�RQGHUZLMVLQVWHOOLQJHQ��3$%2��KRJHVFKRRO��XQLYHUVLWHLW��� EHGULMIVOHYHQ��HGXFDWLHYH�XLWJHYHULMHQ��FRPSXWHUOHYHUDQFLHUV�HQ�RYHULJ�EHGULMIVOHYHQ��
7DEHO�����JHHIW�HHQ�RYHU]LFKW�YDQ�GH�JHPLGGHOGH�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�GLH�GH�VFKROHQ�LQ������YDQGH� ERYHQVWDDQGH� JURHSHULQJHQ� KHEEHQ� HUYDUHQ�� 7HYHQV� ]LMQ� GH� RQWZLNNHOLQJHQ� WHQRS]LFKWH� YDQ� ����� DDQJHJHYHQ�� +HW� JURRWVWH� YHUVFKLO� WXVVHQ� EHLGH� MDUHQ� EHWUHIW� GHWRHQDPH� YDQ� KHW� DDQWDO� VFKROHQ� GDW� ILQDQFLsOH� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� YDQ� GH� RYHUKHLG� KHHIWRQWYDQJHQ��'RRU�GH]H�ILQDQFLsOH�LQMHFWLH�LV�YROJHQV�PHHU�GDQ�GH�KHOIW�YDQ�GH�EDVLVVFKRRO�GLUHFWHXUHQ�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�RS�KXQ�VFKRRO�DDQ]LHQOLMN�YHUDQGHUG��$QGHUH�YHUVFKLOOHQWXVVHQ�EHLGH�MDUHQ�]LMQ�PLQGHU�JURRW�PDDU�EHYDWWHQ�UHOHYDQWH�DDQZLM]LQJHQ�RYHU�GH�JURH�SHULQJHQ�GLH�QX�HQ�PRJHOLMN�RRN�LQ�GH�WRHNRPVW�YDQ�JURRW�EHODQJ�]LMQ�YRRU�VFKROHQ�ELM�GHLQYRHULQJ�YDQ�,&7�'H�JHJHYHQV�ODWHQ�]LHQ�GDW�GH�URO�YDQ�GH�RYHUKHLG�HQ�KHW�ORNDDO�EHVWXXU�YRRUDO�JHULFKW�LVRS� KHW� JHYHQ� YDQ� ILQDQFLsOH� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�� &ROOHJLDOH� QHWZHUNHQ� ]LMQ� YRRU� VWHHGV�PHHUVFKROHQ�HHQ�EHODQJULMNH�YRUP�YDQ�EHJHOHLGLQJ�ELM�KHW�LQYRHULQJVSURFHV�YDQ�,&7��'DDUQDDVWYHUYXOOHQ�RXGHUV�HHQ�EHODQJULMNH�URO�LQ�GH�EHJHOHLGLQJ�YDQ�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�RS�VFKRRO�'H�ORNDOH�EHJHOHLGLQJVGLHQVW�YHUYXOW�ELM�VOHFKWV�HHQ�EHSHUNW�GHHO�YDQ�GH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�HHQEHJHOHLGHQGH�URO�ELM�GH� LQYRHULQJ�YDQ�,&7��(U�]LMQ�PHHU�VFKROHQ�GLH�EHJHOHLGLQJ�HUYDUHQYDQXLW� FROOHJLDOH� QHWZHUNHQ� GDQ� YDQ� GH� EHJHOHLGLQJVGLHQVW�� 'H� ELMGUDJH� YDQ� RQGHUZLMV�
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�
�
RQGHUZLMVEHJHOHLGLQJVGLHQVW
02&:
YDNYHUHQLJLQJ �2:*�
VFKRROEHVWXXU
RXGHUV
EHGULMIVOHYHQ
FROOHJDV DQGHUH VFKROHQ
HGXFDWLHYH XLWJHYHULMHQ
6&%2
30�,&7
3$%2
&LWR
JHPHHQWH
/3& �$36�&36�.3&�/3&�,7�
8QLYHUVLWHLWHQ�KRJHVFKROHQ
6/2
� �� �� �� ��
SHUFHQWDJH EDVLVVFKROHQ
2QGHUVWHXQLQJ� VDPHQZHUNLQJ� NQHOSXQWHQ HQ EHKRHIWHQ ��
EHJHOHLGLQJVGLHQVWHQ�RS�KHW� JHELHG�YDQ� VFKROLQJ�ZRUGW� GRRU�PHHU� VFKROHQ� JHZDDUGHHUGGDQ�GH�ELMGUDJH�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�EHJHOHLGLQJ��'LW�LV�HHQ�RSPHUNHOLMNH�RQWZLNNHOLQJ�LQ�KHWIXQFWLRQHUHQ�YDQ�EHJHOHLGLQJVGLHQVWHQ�
+RHZHO�GH�UHVXOWDWHQ�YDQ�GH�,&7�PRQLWRU�LQ�GH�HHUVWH�PHWLQJ�ODWHQ�]LHQ�GDW�YHHO�VFKROHQEHKRHIWH�KHEEHQ�DDQ�VFKROLQJ��LV�GH�ELMGUDJH�YDQ�GH�EHJHOHLGLQJVGLHQVWHQ�RS�GLW�WHUUHLQ�LQKHW�DIJHORSHQ�MDDU�QLHW�YHUGHU�WRHJHQRPHQ��.HQQHOLMN�]LMQ�GH�EHJHOHLGLQJVGLHQVWHQ�VOHFKWVYRRU�HHQ�GHHO�LQ�VWDDW�WH�YRRU]LHQ�LQ�GH�YUDDJ�QDDU�VFKROLQJ�
(HQ�EHODQJULMNH�URO�ELM�GH� LQYRHULQJ�YDQ�,&7�LQ�KHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV�YHUYXOW�GH�YDNYHUHQL�JLQJ� 2:*�� 'H� ELMGUDJH� YDQ� 2:*� EHVWDDW� YRRUDO� XLW� KHW� EHVFKLNEDDU� VWHOOHQ� YDQSURJUDPPDWXXU� GLH� GRRU� YHUHQLJLQJVOHGHQ� WHJHQ� HHQ� UHODWLHI� ODDJ� EHGUDJ� NDQ� ZR UGHQDDQJHVFKDIW��9HUGHU� HUYDUHQ� VWHHGV�PHHU� VFKROHQ�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� YDQXLW� KHW� EHGULMIVOHYHQF�T��HGXFDWLHYH�XLWJHYHULMHQ�ELM�GH�LQYRHULQJ�YDQ�,&7��,Q�KHW�DIJHORSHQ�MDDU�LV�GH]H�ELMGUDJHEHWHNHQLVYRO�WRHJHQRPHQ�:DQQHHU� JHNHNHQ�ZRUGW� QDDU� KHW� SHUFHQWDJH� VFKROHQ� GDW� RS� GH� YHUVFKLOOHQGH� JHELHGHQRQGHUVWHXQLQJ�HUYDDUW��EOLMNW�DOOHHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�VFKROLQJ�PLQGHU�GDQ�GULHNZDUW�YDQGH� VFKROHQ� H[WHUQH� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� WH� NULMJHQ�� %RYHQGLHQ� LV� VFKROLQJ� KHW� HQLJH� JHELHGZDDURS�GH�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�LQ�KHW�DIJHORSHQ�MDDU�QLHW�LV�WRHJHQRPHQ�
7DEHO ���2QGHUVWHXQLQJ YDQ JURHSHULQJHQ YRRU YHUVFKLOOHQGH JHELHGHQ YDQ KHW ,&7�LQYRHULQJVSURFHV
SHUFHQWDJH EDVLVVFKROHQ
���� YHUVFKLO ���������
*URHSHULQJ ILQDQFLHHO
VFKROLQJ
EHJHOHLGLQJ
RYHULJ
ILQDQFLHHO
VFKROLQJ
EHJHOHLGLQJ
RYHULJ
2YHUKHLG �� � � �� ��� �� �� ��
/RNDDO EHVWXXU �� �� � �� �� �� �� ��
&ROOHJLDDO HQ LQIRUPHHO QHWZHUN � � �� �� �� �� �� ���
/DQGHOLMNH RQGHUZLMV�
RQGHUVWHXQHQGH LQVWHOOLQJHQ � � � �� �� �� �� ���
/RNDOH EHJHOHLGLQJVGLHQVW � �� �� � � �� �� ��
9DNYHUHQLJLQJHQ � � �� �� � �� �� ��
$QGHUH RQGHUZLMVLQVWHOOLQJHQ � �� � � �� �� �� ��
,7� RQGHUZLMV EHGULMIVOHYHQ �� � � �� �� �� �� ���
7RWDDO SHUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ PHW
RQGHUVWHXQLQJ �� �� �� �� ��� � �� ���
9DQ�2%'V�HQ�3$%2V�PDJ�ZRUGHQ�YHUZDFKW�GDW�]LM�HHQ�EHODQJULMNH�URO�YHUYXOOHQ�ELM�GHLQWHJUDWLH�YDQ�,&7�LQ�KHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV��PHW�QDPH�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�VFKROLQJ�HQ�EHJHOHL�GLQJ��'H� VFKRROGLUHFWLHV� YDQ� EDVLVVFKROHQ� LV� JHYUDDJG� LQ� KRHYHUUH� ]LM� GH� ORNDOH� EHJHOHL�GLQJVGLHQVW� HQ� 3$%2� WRHJHUXVW� DFKWHQ� RP� GH� JHZHQVWH� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� WH� JHYHQ� ELM� GHYHUGHUH�LQYRHULQJ�YDQ�,&7�7ZHHGHUGH� YDQ� GH� VFKROHQ� YLQGW� GDW� 2%'V� JRHG� ]LMQ� WRHJHUXVW� RP� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� WHJHYHQ�ELM� GH� LPSOHPHQWDWLH� YDQ� ,&7�� LHWV�PLQGHU�GDQ�GH�KHOIW� YDQ�GH� VFKROHQ�YLQGW� GDW
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
3$%2V�JRHG�LQ�VWDDW�]LMQ�KHQ�WH�RQGHUVWHXQHQ��'LW�EHWHNHQW�GDW�HHQ�GHUGH�YDQ�GH�EDVLV�VFKROHQ�YLQGW�GDW�2%'V�QLHW�GH�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�NXQQHQ�JHYHQ�GLH�]LM�ZHQVHOLMN�DFKWHQ�HQGDW�PHHU� GDQ� GH� KHOIW� YDQ� GH� VFKROHQ� GH� 3$%2V� RQYROGRHQGH� WRHJHUXVW� YLQGW� RP� GHJHZHQVWH�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�WH�ELHGHQ�
)LJXXU����� ODDW� ]LHQ�GDW�GH�PHQLQJ�YDQ� VFKRROGLUHFWLHV�RYHU�GH�PDWH�ZDDULQ�3$%2V� HQ2%'V�WRHJHUXVW�]LMQ�YRRU�KHW�JHYHQ�YDQ�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7�ZHLQLJ�LVYHUDQGHUG�LQ�GH�DIJHORSHQ�MDUHQ��8LWJHGUXNW�LQ�HHQ�FLMIHU�WXVVHQ���HQ����ZRUGW�GH�RQGHU�VWHXQLQJ�YDQ�GH�2%'V�HQ�3$%2V�]RZHO�LQ������DOV������JHPLGGHOG�PHW�UHVSHFWLHYHOLMNHHQ�����HQ�����EHRRUGHHOG��:DQQHHU�VFKROHQ�SHU�EHJHOHLGLQJVUHJLR�ZRUGHQ�LQJHGHHOG��EOLMNWGDW�GH�ZDDUGHULQJ�GLH� VFKROHQ�KHEEHQ�YRRU�GH� ORNDOH�2%'�RI�3$%2�ELQQHQ� HHQ� UHJLRYHHO�RYHUHHQVWHPPLQJ�YHUWRRQW��9HUVFKLOOHQ� LQ�ZDDUGHULQJ�KDQJHQ�YRRUDO� VDPHQ�PHW�GHJHRJUDILVFKH� OLJJLQJ�YDQ�GH�VFKRRO��+RHZHO�GH�UHVXOWDWHQ� LQ� ILJXXU����� ODWHQ�]LHQ�GDW�KHWYHUWURXZHQ� YDQ� EDVLVVFKROHQ� LQ� GH� RQGHUVWH XQLQJVPRJHOLMNKHGHQ� YDQ� 2%'� HQ� 3$%2JHPLGGHOG�YROGRHQGH�LV��ZRUGW�HHQ�DDQWDO�EDVLVVFKROHQ�JHFRQIURQWHHUG�PHW�HHQ�2%'�RI3$%2� LQ� KXQ� UHJLR� GLH� QLHW� LQ� VWDDW� LV� GH� GRRU� GH� VFKRRO� JHZHQVWH� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� WHELHGHQ��1D�HHQ��VLJQLILFDQWH��WRHQDPH�YDQ�KHW�YHUWURXZHQ�LQ�GH�RQGHUVWHXQLQJVPRJHOLMN�KHGHQ� YDQ� 3$%2V� LQ� GH� SHULRGH� ���������� �YDQ� JHPLGGHOG� ���� QDDU� ����� ]HW� GH]HRQWZLNNHOLQJ�]LFK�QD������QLHW�YHUGHU�GRRU�
)LJXXU ���0DWH ZDDULQ VFKROHQ �GH SODDWVHOLMNH RI UHJLRQDOH� 2%' HQ 3$%2 WRHJHUXVW DFKWHQ RP LQ GHWRHNRPVW RQGHUVWHXQLQJ WH ELHGHQ ELM GH YHUGHUH LQYRHULQJ YDQ ,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ
6.2 Ondersteuning voor de leerkracht
(HQ�EDVLVVFKRROOHHUNUDFKW� HUYDDUW� ELM� KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� YRRUDO� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� YDQ� GH,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU� ELQQHQ� GH� VFKRRO� �YHHO�� ����� EHSHUNW � ������2RN� GH� RYHULJH� JURHSHQZDDU� OHHUNUDFKWHQ� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� YDQ� RQWYDQJHQ�� ]LMQ� YRRUQDPHOLMN� JURHSHQ� ELQQHQ� RIYHUERQGHQ�DDQ�GH� VFKRRO��'DDUELM� LV�KHW�RSPHUNHOLMN�GDW�ELMQD�����YDQ�GH� OHHUNUDFKWHQDDQJHHIW�GRRU�OHHUOLQJHQ�JHKROSHQ�WH�ZRUGHQ�ELM�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�,&7��,Q�WHJHQVWHOOLQJ�WRWGH� VFKRROGLUHFWLH� HUYDUHQ� ZHLQLJ� LQGLYLGXHOH� OHHUNUDFKWHQ� GLUHFWH� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� YDQH[WHUQH�JURHSHQ�RI�LQVWDQWLHV��ILJXXU�������,Q�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�GH�JHJHYHQV�YDQ�YRULJ�MDDU�LVKHW�SHUFHQWDJH�OHUDUHQ�GDW�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�YDQ�GH�EHJHOHLGLQJVGLHQVW�RI�3$%2�HUYDDUW��]HOIVVLJQLILFDQW�DIJHQRPHQ��UHVS�������HQ�������'H]H�JHJHYHQV�ZLM]HQ�HU�RS�GDW�GH�EHJHOHL GLQJ
���� ���� ���� �����
��
��
��
���
REG SDER
]HHUVOHFKW
VOHFKW
PDWLJ
JRHG
]HHUJRHG
2QGHUVWHXQLQJ� VDPHQZHUNLQJ� NQHOSXQWHQ HQ EHKRHIWHQ ��
YDQ�OHUDUHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7�VWHHGV�PHHU�YDQXLW�GH�VFKRRO�ZRUGW�JHRUJDQLVHHUG�HQH[WHUQH� LQVWDQWLHV� QDXZHOLMNV� GLUHFW� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� ELHGHQ� DDQ� GH� OHUDUHQ� GLH� YHUDQW�ZRRUGHOLMN�]LMQ�YRRU�KHW�SULPDLUH�SURFHV�RIZHO�KHW�OHVJHYHQ�
)LJXXU ���*URHSHQ HQ LQVWDQWLHV GLH YROJHQV GH OHHUNUDFKW RQGHUVWHXQLQJ YHUOHQHQ ELM KHW JHEUXLN YDQ ,&7 LQGH NODV
6.3 Samenwerking met andere scholen
(HUGHU�LQ�GLW�KRRIGVWXN�LV�UHHGV�JHFRQVWDWHHUG�GDW�FROOHJLDOH�VDPHQZHUNLQJ�WXVVHQ�VFKROHQWRHQHHPW�� 9HHO� VFKROHQ� HUYDUHQ� GLW� DOV� HHQ� EHODQJULMNH� YRUP� YDQ� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� ELM� GHLQWHJUDWLH�YDQ�,&7�LQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV��7DEHO�����JHHIW�HHQ�RYHU]LFKW�YDQ�GH�JHELHGHQ�ZDDURSVFKROHQ�PHW�HONDDU�VDPHQZHUNHQ��1DDVW�VDPHQZHUNLQJ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7�PDWHULDOHQ�DSSDUDWXXU�� SURJUDPPDWXXU� HQ� OHVPDWHULDDO�� ZLVVHOHQ� VFKROHQ� RRN� LGHHsQ� XLW� RYHU� KHWJHEUXLN�YDQ�,&7��9HUGHU�ZHUNHQ�]LM�VDPHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�GHVNXQGLJKHLGVEHYRUGHULQJ�1DGHUH� DQDO\VHV� PRHWHQ� XLWZLM]HQ� LQ� KRHYHUUH� VDPHQZHUNLQJ� PHW� DQGHUH� VFKROHQ� YDQLQYORHG� LV� RS� KHW� WHPSR� YDQ� KHW� LQYRHULQJVSURFHV� HQ� GH� PDQLHU� ZDDURS� ,&7� LQ� KHWRQGHUZLMV�ZRUGW�JHEUXLNW��'H�JHJHYHQV�LQ�WDEHO�����ODWHQ�]LHQ�GDW�LQ�KHW�DIJHORSHQ�MDDU�GHVDPHQZHUNLQJ�WXVVHQ�VFKROHQ�RS�DOOH�RQGHUVFKHLGHQ�JHELHGHQ�LV�WRHJHQRPHQ�
7DEHO ���,&7�JHELHGHQ ZDDURS VFKROHQ PHW HONDDU VDPHQZHUNHQ
SHUFHQWDJH EDVLVVFKROHQ
6DPHQZHUNLQJVJHELHGHQ ����YHUVFKLO
���� ² ����
*H]DPHQOLMNH LQNRRS �� ���
8LWZLVVHOLQJ YDQ LGHHsQ RYHU WRHSDVVLQJVPRJHOLMNKHGHQ YDQ ,&7 �� ���
'HVNXQGLJKHLGVEHYRUGHULQJ �� ���
8LWZLVVHOLQJ YDQ SURJUDPPDWXXU �� ��
8LWZLVVHOLQJ YDQ OHVPDWHULDDO RS KHW JHELHG YDQ ,&7 �� ���
*H]DPHQOLMN FRPSXWHUQHWZHUN �� ��
*H]DPHQOLMN V\VWHHP��QHWZHUNEHKHHU �� ��
8LWZLVVHOLQJ YDQ DSSDUDWXXU � ��
*H]DPHQOLMNH RQWZLNNHOLQJ YDQ SURJUDPPDWXXU � ��
,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU�V\VWHHPEHKHHUGHU
VFKRROOHLGLQJ
DQGHUH OHUDUHQ YDQ PLMQ VFKRRO
OHHUOLQJHQ
LQWHUQH EHJHOHLGHU
RQGHUZLMVEHJHOHLGLQJVGLHQVW
HGXFDWLHYH XLWJHYHULMHQ
YDNYHUHQLJLQJHQ
RXGHUV
EHGULMIVOHYHQ
OHUDUHQ YDQ DQGHUH VFKROHQ
&LWR� 6/2� /3&
3$%2
8QLYHUVLWHLWHQ�KRJHVFKROHQ
� �� �� �� �� ���
SHUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ
YHHO EHSHUNW
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
6.4 Knelpunten
'H�EHODQJULMNVWH�NQHOSXQWHQ�ELM�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV�KHEEHQ�EHWUHNNLQJ�RS�� GH�DSSDUDWXXU��EHVFKLNEDUH�FRPSXWHUV�]LMQ�YHURXGHUG�� NHQQLV� HQ� YDDUGLJKHGHQ�� HU� LV� HHQ� JHEUHN� DDQ�RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJH� NHQQLV� HQ� YDDUGLJKHGHQ
RP�FRPSXWHUV�RSWLPDDO�WH�JHEUXLNHQ�LQ�RQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV�� IDFLOLWHLWHQ�� OHUDUHQ�KHEEHQ�RQYROGRHQGH� WLMG�RP� OHHUVLWXDWLHV� YRRU� WH� EHUHLGHQ�ZDDUELM
OHHUOLQJHQ�PHW�FRPSXWHUV�NXQQHQ�ZHUNHQ��WHFKQLVFKH�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�RP�GH�DSSDUDWXXUWH� RQGHUKRXGHQ� LV� RQWRHUHLNHQG� HQ� GH� IDFLOLWHLWHQ� �WLMG�� JHOG� HQ� YHUYDQJLQJ� YDQ� GHOHHUNUDFKW��RQWEUHNHQ�RP�QDVFKROLQJ�WH�NXQQHQ�YROJHQ�
+HW�RYHU]LFKW�YDQ�NQHOSXQWHQ� LQ� WDEHO����� ODDW�]LHQ�GDW�GH�RPYDQJ�YDQ�GH�PHHVWH�NQHO�SXQWHQ� LQ������JHOLMN� LV�DDQ�GH�VLWXDWLH�YDQ�������(HQ�GULHWDO� VLJQLILFDQWH�YHUVFKXLYLQJHQGRHW�]LFK�YRRU��WZHH�NQHOSXQWHQ�]LMQ�LQ�RPYDQJ�DIJHQRPHQ�HQ�ppQ�SUREOHHP�LV�LQ�RPYDQJWRHJHQRPHQ��$IJHQRPHQ� ]LMQ� GH� SUREOHPHQ�RS�KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� GH� EHVFKLNEDDUKHLG� YDQDSSDUDWXXU�HQ�GH�EHVFKLNEDUH�WLMG�YRRU� OHHUOLQJHQ�RP�PHW�FRPSXWHUV�WH�NXQQHQ�ZHUNHQ�7RHJHQRPHQ� ]LMQ� GH� SUREOHPHQ� URQG� DSSDUDWXXUEHKHHU� HQ� �RQGHUKRXG�� 6LJQLILFDQWHYHUVFKXLYLQJHQ�]RDOV�GLH�]LFK� LQ�KHW�DIJHORSHQ�MDDU�KHEEHQ�YRRUJHGDDQ��ZLM]HQ�HU�RS�GDWHHQ� EHSDDOGH� RQWZLNNHOLQJ� ]LFK� ELM� HHQ� JURRW� DDQWDO� VFKROHQ� PLQ� RI� PHHU� JHOLMNWLMGLJYRRUGRHW��+HW�DIJHORSHQ�MDDU�KHHIW�]RQ�RQWZLNNHOLQJ�]LFK�YRRUJHGDDQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQDSSDUDWXXU��]LH�RRN�KRRIGVWXN�����'H�YHUVFKXLYLQJ�LQ�NQHOSXQWHQ�LOOXVWUHHUW�RS�SRSXODWLH�QLYHDX� HHQ� YHUVFKLMQVHO� ZDDU� YHHO� VFKROHQ� WLMGHQV� GH� LQYRHULQJ� YDQ� ,&7� PHH� ZRUGHQJHFRQIURQWHHUG��+HW�ODDW�QDPHOLMN�]LHQ�GDW�KHW�RSORVVHQ�YDQ�HHQ�EHSDDOG�SUREOHHP��WHNRUWDDQ� DSSDUDWXXU�� YHUYROJHQV� HHQ� QLHXZ� NQHOSXQW� JHQHUHHUW� �EHKHHU� HQ� RQGHUKRXG� YDQDSSDUDWXXU��� 'HUJHOLMNH� YHUVFKXLYLQJHQ� LQ� SUREOHHPJHELHGHQ� ]LMQ� NHQPHUNHQG� YRRUYHUDQGHULQJVSURFHVVHQ� ZDDUELM� HHQ� ODQJH� WHUPLMQYLVLH� HQ� HHQ� SODQPDWLJH� DDQSDNRQWEUHNHQ��%LM�GH�LQWHUSUHWDWLH�YDQ�WDEHO�����LV�KHW�GDQ�RRN�YDQ�EHODQJ�HU�UHNHQLQJ�PHH�WHKRXGHQ�GDW�NQHOSXQWHQ�JHUHODWHHUG�]LMQ�DDQ�KHW�VWDGLXP�YDQ�LQYRHULQJ��'LW�EHWHNHQW�GDW�GHEHODQJULMNVWH� NQHOSXQWHQ� GH� VLWXDWLH� ZHHUJHYHQ� YDQ� KHW� LQYRHULQJVSURFHV� ZDDULQ� KHWPHUHQGHHO�YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�YHUNHHUW��'DDUQDDVW�]LMQ�HU�VFKROHQ�GLH�GH�NQHOSXQWHQ�]RDOV�GHPHHVWH� VFKROHQ� GLH� HUYDUHQ� DO� KHEEHQ� RSJHORVW� HQ� LQ� HHQ� DQGHU� LQYRHULQJVVWDGLXPYHUNHUHQ��'H]H�VFKROHQ�HUYDUHQ�NQHOSXQWHQ�GLH�PRJHOLMN��QRJ��GRRU�ZHLQLJ�DQGHUH�VFKROHQZRUGHQ�HUYDUHQ�+HW� ERYHQVWDDQGH� LPSOLFHHUW� GDW� WLMGHQV� HHQ�YHUDQGHULQJVSURFHV� HU� HQHU]LMGV� SUREOHPHQZRUGHQ� RSJHORVW� HQ� DQGHU]LMGV� QLHXZH� NQHOSXQWHQ� RQWVWDDQ�� (HQ� LQWHJUDOH� YHUJHOLMNLQJWXVVHQ�GH�NQHOSXQWHQ�YDQ������HQ������ODDW�]LHQ�GDW�]RZHO�KHW�DDQWDO�NQHOSXQWHQ��JHPLG�GHOG�DFKW�JURWH�NQHOSXQWHQ�SHU� VFKRRO�� DOV�GH�JHPLGGHOGH�RPYDQJ�YDQ�GH]H�NQHOSXQWHQ�����LQ�EHLGH�MDUHQ�DDQ�HONDDU�JHOLMN�]LMQ�
'H�OLMVW�PHW�NQHOSXQWHQ�XLW� WDEHO�����RPYDW�YLMI�YHUVFKLOOHQGH�DDQGDFKWVJHELHGHQ�GLH�YDQEHODQJ�]LMQ�YRRU�KHW�LQYRHULQJVSURFHV�YDQ�,&7�LQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV��'H]H�DDQGDFKWVJHELHGHQ]LMQ�� DSSDUDWXXU��LQ�WDEHO������UDQJQXPPHU����²���²����������� SURJUDPPDWXXU��LQ�WDEHO������UDQJQXPPHU�����²��������������������� NHQQLV�HQ�YDDUGLJKHGHQ��LQ�WDEHO������UDQJQXPPHU����²��������� VFKRRORUJDQLVDWRULVFKH�DVSHFWHQ��LQ�WDEHO������UDQJQXPPHU����²���²���²���²����²������ RYHULJH��LQ�WDEHO������UDQJQXPPHU���������²����²�����
2QGHUVWHXQLQJ� VDPHQZHUNLQJ� NQHOSXQWHQ HQ EHKRHIWHQ ��
7DEHO ���.QHOSXQWHQ ELM KHW JHEUXLN YDQ FRPSXWHUV
VFKDDOZDDUGH5DQJ�
QXPPHU
2PVFKULMYLQJ YDQ NQHOSXQW ����
YHUVFKLO���������
� 9HURXGHUGH DSSDUDWXXU �� �
� *HEUHN DDQ NHQQLV HQ YDDUGLJKHGHQ �� ��
� 2QYROGRHQGH IDFLOLWHLWHQ �EY� WLMG HQ JHOG� YRRU QDVFKROLQJ �� ��
� 2QYROGRHQGH WHFKQLVFKH RQGHUVWHXQLQJ �� ��
� 2QYROGRHQGH WLMG YRRU YRRUEHUHLGLQJ OHVVHQ PHW FRPSXWHUV �� ��
� 2QYROGRHQGH JHVFKLNWH FRPSXWHUZHUNSOHNNHQ �� ��
� 2QYROGRHQGH RQGHUVWHXQLQJ WLMGHQV FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN �� ��
� 7H ZHLQLJ UDQGDSSDUDWXXU �� ��
� ,&7 PRHLOLMN LQ WH SDVVHQ LQ JHEUXLNHOLMNH OHVDDQSDN �� ��
�� 7H ZHLQLJ FRPSXWHUV �� ���
�� 3URJUDPPDWXXU VOXLW RQYROGRHQGH DDQ ELM RQGHUZLMVPHWKRGH �� ��
�� 2QYROGRHQGH WRHJDQJ WRW ,QWHUQHW�::: �� ��
�� 2QWEUHNHQ YDQ HHQ QHWZHUN ELQQHQ GH VFKRRO �� ��
�� 2QYROGRHQGH SURJUDPPDWXXU EHVFKLNEDDU �� ��
�� 3URJUDPPDWXXU QLHW VSHFLILHN JHQRHJ �� �
�� 2QYROGRHQGH FRPSXWHUWLMG YRRU YHUVFKLOOHQGH JURHSHQ �� ���
�� 2QYROGRHQGH YLVLH ELQQHQ GH VFKRRO RS FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN �� ��
�� *HEUHN DDQ LQWHUHVVH ELM OHUDUHQ �� ��
�� 7H ZHLQLJ PDWHULDDO ELM SURJUDPPDWXXU �� ��
�� 2QYROGRHQGH DDQERG YDQ QDVFKROLQJVPRJHOLMNKHGHQ �� ��
�� 'LUHFWLH RQYROGRHQGH LQ VWDDW ,&7 WH VWLPXOHUHQ �� ��
�� 7H ZHLQLJ LQIRUPDWLH RYHU EHVFKLNEDUH SURJUDPPDWXXU �� ��
1RRW� VFKDDOLQGLFDWLHV� � JHHQ NQHOSXQW� �� EHSHUNW NQHOSXQW ��� JURRW NQHOSXQW� VLJQLILFDQW YHUVFKLO
'H�VSUHLGLQJ�YDQ�UDQJQXPPHUV�RYHU�GH�YHUVFKLOOHQGH�DDQGDFKWVJHELHGHQ�JHHIW�DDQ�GDW�ELMKHW�ZHJQHPHQ�YDQ�EHOHPPHULQJHQ�HU�ZHLQLJ�DDQOHLGLQJ� LV�RP�GH�DDQGDFKW� WH� ULFKWHQ�RSppQ�YDQ�GH�DDQGDFKWVJHELHGHQ��(HQ�LQGLFDWLH�YDQ�KHW�UHODWLHYH�EHODQJ�YDQ�GH�YHUVFKLOOHQGHSUREOHHPJHELHGHQ�NDQ�ZRUGHQ�YHUNUHJHQ�GRRU�GH�JHPLGGHOGH�RPYDQJ�YDQ�GH�NQHOSXQWHQSHU� SUREOHHPJHELHG� WH� EHUHNHQHQ�� 'H� UHVXOWDWHQ� YDQ� GH]H� EHUHNHQLQJ� ]LMQ� ]RZHO� YRRU�����DOV������LQ�ILJXXU�����ZHHUJHJHYHQ��+HW�EOLMNW�GDW�GH�PHHVWH�VFKROHQ�PRHLWH�KHEEHQPHW� KHW� DGHTXDDW� JHEUXLNHQ� YDQ� ,&7� WHU� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� YDQ� RQGHUZLMVOHHUSURFHVVHQ� ELMOHHUOLQJHQ��'H�SUREOHPHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�DSSDUDWXXU�]LMQ�WHQ�RS]LFKWH�YDQ�YRULJ�MDDU�ELMYHHO� VFKROHQ�DDQ]LHQOLMN�JHGDDOG��6FKRRORUJDQLVDWRULVFKH�DVSHFWHQ� URQG�GH� LQYRHULQJ�YDQ,&7�YUDJHQ�RS�GH�PHHVWH�VFKROHQ�HYHQYHHO�DDQGDFKW�DOV�GH�SUREOHPHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQDSSDUDWXXU��9HUKRXGLQJVJHZLMV� HUYDUHQ� VFKROHQ�GH�PLQVWH�SUREOHPHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQSURJUDPPDWXXU� HQ�GH� LQYRHULQJVDVSHFWHQ�GLH�EHKRUHQ� WRW� GH� UXEULHN� ¶RYHULJH·��8LW� GH]HJHJHYHQV� NDQ� QLHW� ZRUGHQ� JHFRQFOXGHHUG� GDW� HU� PHW� KHW� RRJ� RS� GH� WRHNRPVW� JHHQ
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
EHKRHIWH� LV� DDQ� H[WUD� SURJUDPPDWXXU�� ,PPHUV�� GH� JHJHYHQV� LQ� ILJXXU� ���� KHEEHQEHWUHNNLQJ� RS� GH� NQHOSXQWHQ�� ]RDOV� GLH� ]LFK�PRPHQWHHO� DDQGLHQHQ�� JHJHYHQ� KHW� LQYRH�ULQJVVWDGLXP�ZDDULQ�KHW�PHUHQGHHO�YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�]LFK�EHYLQGW��(U�YDQXLWJDDQGH�GDW�KHWLQYRHULQJVSURFHV� ]LFK� YHUGHU� RQWZLNNHOW�� ]XOOHQ� LQ� GH� WRHNRPVW� ELM� VFKROHQ� QLHXZHEHKRHIWHQ�RQWVWDDQ��'LW�EHWHNHQW�GDW�KHW�QLHW� DOOHHQ�YDQ�EHODQJ� LV�RP�QD� WH� JDDQ�ZHONHEHKRHIWHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7�]LFK�PRPHQWHHO�ELM�KHW�PHUHQGHHO�YDQ�GH�EDVLVVFKROHQDDQGLHQHQ��PDDU�RRN� WH�NLMNHQ�QDDU�GH�NOHLQH�JURHS�YDQ�VFKROHQ�GLH� LQ�KXQ�RQGHUZLMV� DOJHUHDOLVHHUG� KHEEHQ� ZDW� GH� PHHVWH� DQGHUH� VFKROHQ� YRRU� GH� WRHNRPVW� QDVWUHYHQ�� (HQLQGLFDWLH�YDQ�GH�RQGHUZHUSHQ�GLH� LQ�GH� WRHNRPVW�PRJHOLMN� DDQGDFKW� ]XOOHQ�YUDJHQ�� LV� WHYLQGHQ� LQ� KRRIGVWXN� ��ZDDULQ� JHJHYHQV� YDQ� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� DDQ� ERG� NRPHQ��'HYROJHQGH� SDUDJUDDI� EHYDW� HHQ� RYHU]LFKW� YDQ� GH� EHKRHIWHQ� DDQ� YRRU]LHQLQJHQ� HQRQGHUVWHXQLQJ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7�]RDOV�VFKROHQ�GLH�PRPHQWHHO�ZHQVHQ�
)LJXXU ���*HPLGGHOGH RPYDQJ YDQ NQHOSXQWHQ SHU DDQGDFKWVJHELHG
6.5 Behoeften
Voorzieningen op schoolniveau
'H�YRRU]LHQLQJHQ�GLH�VFKROHQ�ZHQVHQ�]LMQ�YRRUDO�JHULFKW�RS�KHW�RSKHIIHQ�YDQ�GH�HHUGHUJHQRHPGH�NQHOSXQWHQ��'H�PHHVWH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�KHEEHQ�RS�GH�HHUVWH�SODDWV�EHKRHIWH�DDQHHQ� ,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU�RI� V\VWHHPEHKHHUGHU��0RPHQWHHO� RQWEUHHNW� KHW� GH� VFKROHQ� DDQ� GHILQDQFLsOH�PLGGHOHQ�RP�HHQ�GHUJHOLMNH�IXQFWLRQDULV�WH�NXQQHQ�DDQVWHOOHQ��2RN�KHEEHQ�YHHOVFKROHQ�EHKRHIWH�DDQ�PRGHUQH�PXOWLPHGLDFRPSXWHUV�HQ�UDQGDSSDUDWXXU��9HUGHU�ZHQVHQVFKROHQ�SURJUDPPDWXXU�ZDDUPHH�OHHUVWRI�JHRHIHQG�NDQ�ZRUGHQ�HQ�ZDDULQ�WHJHOLMNHUWLMG�GHYRUGHULQJHQ�YDQ�GH�OHHUOLQJHQ�ZRUGHQ�ELMJHKRXGHQ��,Q�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW������GRHQ�]LFK�RSGH�OLMVW�PHW����YRRU]LHQLQJHQ��]LH�WDEHO������VOHFKWV�GULH��VWDWLVWLVFK��VLJQLILFDQWH�YHUVFKLOOHQYRRU��$OOH�GULH�YHUVFKLOOHQ�KHEEHQ�EHWUHNNLQJ�RS�DSSDUDWXXU� �FRPSXWHUV�� UDQGDSSDUDWXXUHQ� QHWZHUN�� ZDDUYRRU� GH� EHKRHIWH� LV� DIJHQRPHQ��'HVRQGDQNV� LV� GH� EHKRHIWH� DDQ� GH]HYRRU]LHQLQJHQ�QRJ�VWHHGV�JURRW�
DSSDUDWXXU SURJUDPPDWXXU RQGHUZLMVOHHUSURFHV RUJDQLVDWLH RYHULJH�
��
��
��
���JHPLGGHOGH RPYDQJ YDQ NQHOSXQWHQ
���� ����
JHHQ
NOHLQ
JURRW
DSSDUDWXXU SURJUDPPDWXXU NHQQLV HQYDDUGLJKHGHQ
RUJDQLVDWLH RYHULJH
2QGHUVWHXQLQJ� VDPHQZHUNLQJ� NQHOSXQWHQ HQ EHKRHIWHQ ��
7DEHO ���.QHOSXQWHQ ELM KHW JHEUXLN YDQ FRPSXWHUV
VFKDDOZDDUGH5DQJ�
QXPPHU
2PVFKULMYLQJ YDQ YRRU]LHQLQJ�EHKRHIWH ����
YHUVFKLO
���������
� )LQDQFLsOH PLGGHOHQ YRRU KHW DDQVWHOOHQ YDQ HHQ ,&7�
FR|UGLQDWRU�V\VWHHPEHKHHUGHU �� ��
� &RPSXWHUV JHVFKLNW YRRU PXOWLPHGLD�WRHSDVVLQJHQ �� ��
� 3URJUDPPDWXXU ZDDUPHH OHHUVWRI JHRHIHQG ZRUGW HQ GLH
WHYHQV GH YRUGHULQJHQ YDQ GH OHHUOLQJ ELMKRXGW �� ��
� 5DQGDSSDUDWXXU �� ��
� 3URJUDPPDWXXU GLH QDXZ DDQVOXLW ELM GH JHKDQWHHUGH
RQGHUZLMVPHWKRGH RI OHHUERHN�HQ� �� ��
� 3URJUDPPDWXXU GLH YROOHGLJ LV LQJHSDVW LQ GH JHKDQWHHUGH
RQGHUZLMVPHWKRGH RI OHHUERHN�HQ� �� �
� ,&7�ZHUNSOHNNHQ YRRU OHHUOLQJHQ �� �
� 3URJUDPPDWXXU ZDDUPHH OHHUVWRI JHRHIHQG ZRUGW �� ��
� 1DVFKROLQJ�FXUVXVVHQ �� �
�� ,&7�ZHUNSOHNNHQ YRRU OHUDUHQ �� �
�� $DQVOXLWLQJ RS HHQ H[WHUQ QHWZHUN �� ��
�� ,QWHUQ FRPSXWHUQHWZHUN PHW FHQWUDOH JHJHYHQVRSVODJ �� ��
�� 3URJUDPPDWXXU GLH PHWKRGH� RIZHO OHHUERHN�RQDIKDQNHOLMN LV �� ��
�� 6FKULIWHOLMNH OHHUOLQJPDWHULDOHQ ELM GH SURJUDPPDWXXU �� �
�� 3URJUDPPDWXXU YRRU KHW ELMKRXGHQ YDQ OHHUOLQJJHJHYHQV HQ
²UHVXOWDWHQ �� ��
�� (UJRQRPLVFKH YRRU]LHQLQJHQ �� �
�� 6LPXODWLHSURJUDPPDV �� �
�� )DFLOLWHLWHQ ]RDOV QHWZHUNDDQVOXLWLQJHQ� YRRU KHW JHEUXLN YDQ
QRWHERRNV ELQQHQ GH VFKRRO �� �
�� 3URJUDPPDWXXU YRRU OHHUNUDFKWHQ RP ]HOI LQWHUDFWLHYH
OHHUPDWHULDOHQ WH RQWZLNNHOHQ �� �
�� 1RWHERRNV�ODSWRSV YRRU OHHUOLQJHQ �� �
�� (OHNWURQLVFKH SUHVHQWDWLH KXOSPLGGHOHQ �� �
�� )DFLOLWHLWHQ YRRU YLGHRFRQIHUHQFLQJ �� �
1RRW� � JHHQ JHJHYHQV EHVFKLNEDDU YRRU ����� VFKDDOLQGLFDWLHV� � JHHQ EHKRHIWH� �� EHSHUNWH EHKRHIWH� ��� YHHOEHKRHIWH� VLJQLILFDQW YHUVFKLO
Gewenste programmatuur
'H�PHHVWH� OHUDUHQ�YLQGHQ�GDW�QLHXZH�FRPSXWHUSURJUDPPDV�PHHUGHUH�DVSHFWHQ�YDQ�KHWRQGHUZLMVOHHUSURFHV�GLHQHQ�WH�RQGHUVWHXQHQ��ILJXXU�������+LHUPHH�JHYHQ�OHUDUHQ�DDQ�GDW�]LMLQ�GH�WRHNRPVW�YRRUDO�EHKRHIWH�KHEEHQ�DDQ�SURJUDPPDV�GLH�OHHUSURFHVVHQ�ELM� OHHUOLQJHQLQWHJUDDO�RQGHUVWHXQHQ��+HW�JDDW�KLHUELM�YRRUDO�RP�SURJUDPPDV�ZDDULQ�KHW�RHIHQHQ�YDQOHHUVWRI� LQ� FRPELQDWLH�PHW� WRHWVLQJ� HQ� YRUGHULQJHQUHJLVWUDWLH� YRRUNRPW��:HLQLJ� OHUDUHQZHQVHQ�SURJUDPPDV�GLH�GH�OHVYRRUEHUHLGLQJ�RQGHUVWHXQHQ�
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
)LJXXU ���$VSHFWHQ YDQ KHW RQGHUZLMVOHHUSURFHV GLH YROJHQV OHHUNUDFKWHQ GRRU QLHXZH SURJUDPPDWXXURQGHUVWHXQG PRHWHQ ZRUGHQ
2YHU� GH� VDPHQKDQJ� WXVVHQ� FRPSXWHUSURJUDPPD� HQ� RQGHUZLMVPHWKRGH� ORSHQ� GHPHQLQJHQ�XLWHHQ��8LW�GH�JHJHYHQV�YDQ� WDEHO�����EOLMNW�GDW�YHHO� VFKROHQ�EHKRHIWH�KHEEHQDDQ�SURJUDPPDWXXU�GLH�QDXZ�DDQVOXLW�ELM�GH�EHVWDDQGH�RQGHUZLMVPHWKRGHV��'DDUQDDVW�LV�HURRN�HHQ�JURWH�JURHS�VFKROHQ�ZDDUELM�GH�YRRUNHXU�XLWJDDW�QDDU�SURJUDPPDWXXU�GLH�ORV�YDQHONH�PHWKRGH�RI�OHHUERHN�NDQ�ZRUGHQ�LQJH]HW��,Q�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�GH�JHJHYHQV�YDQ�YRULJMDDU�LV�GH�YRRUNHXU�YDQ�VFKROHQ�YRRU�GH�VDPHQKDQJ�WXVVHQ�FRPSXWHUSURJUDPPD�HQ�RQGHU�ZLMVPHWKRGH�QLHW��VLJQLILFDQW��JHZLM]LJG��9RRUDOVQRJ�GLHQW�HU�GDQ�RRN�ELM�GH�RQWZLNNHOLQJYDQ� SURJUDPPDWXXU� UHNHQLQJ� PHH� WH� ZRUGHQ� JHKRXGHQ� GDW� HU� YRRU� ]RZHO� PHWKRGH�JHERQGHQ�SURJUDPPDWXXU� DOV�PHWKRGH�RQDIKDQNHOLMNH�SURJUDPPDWXXU� LQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV�YHOG�EHODQJVWHOOLQJ�EHVWDDW�
Nascholingsbehoefte van leraren
Nascholingsbehoefte onderwijskundig computergebruik2QGDQNV� KHW� JURWH� DDQWDO� OHHUNUDFKWHQ� GDW� RS� RQGHUGHOHQ� NHQQLV� KHHIW� YDQ� RQGHUZLMV�NXQGLJ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN��]LH�KRRIGVWXN�����]LMQ�HU�QRJ�DOWLMG�YHHO�OHUDUHQ�GLH�RS�GLW�JHELHGXLWEUHLGLQJ�YDQ�KXQ�NHQQLV�HQ�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�ZHQVHQ��WDEHO�������,Q�KHW�ELM]RQGHU�LV�HU�YHHOEHKRHIWH�DDQ� VFKROLQJ�GLH� JHULFKW� LV�RS�KHW�RPJDDQ�PHW� FRPSXWHUSURJUDPPDV� YRRU�GHOHHU��HQ�YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ�
7DEHO ���3HUFHQWDJH OHHUNUDFKWHQ PHW VFKROLQJVEHKRHIWH RS KHW JHELHG YDQ RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJ FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN
SHUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ
.HQQLV HQ YDDUGLJKHLG ����
YHUVFKLO���������
'LIIHUHQWLDWLH LQ GH NODV PHW EHKXOS YDQ GH FRPSXWHU �� ��
2UJDQLVDWRULVFK LQSDVVHQ YDQ GH FRPSXWHU LQ GH JURHS �� ��
*HEUXLNHQ YDQ �VSHFLILHNH� FRPSXWHUSURJUDPPDV YRRU GH OHHU� HQYRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ �� ��
*HEUXLNHQ YDQ GH FRPSXWHU DOV GLGDFWLVFK KXOSPLGGHO ELM KHWRQGHUZLMV �� ��
(YDOXHUHQ HQ VHOHFWHUHQ YDQ SURJUDPPDWXXU YRRU RQGHUZLMVGRHO�HLQGHQ �� ��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
RHIHQHQ YDQ OHHUVWRI
WRHWVLQJ YDQ YRUGHULQJHQ
UHJLVWUHUHQ YDQ YRUGHULQJHQ
LQVWUXFWLH DDQ OHHUOLQJHQ
IHHGEDFN �DQDO\VH HQ GLDJQRVH�
SODQQLQJ LQGLYLGXHOH OHHUZHJ
OHVYRRUEHUHLGLQJ
� �� �� �� �� ���
SHUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ
2QGHUVWHXQLQJ� VDPHQZHUNLQJ� NQHOSXQWHQ HQ EHKRHIWHQ ��
Nascholingsbehoefte moderne technologie'H� LQWHUHVVH�RP�NHQQLV� WH�PDNHQ�PHW� WRHSDVVLQJHQ�YDQ�PRGHUQH� WHFKQRORJLH�� ]RDOV�KHWJHEUXLN�YDQ�H�PDLO�HQ�,QWHUQHW��LV�ELM�GH�OHHUNUDFKWHQ�XLW�JURHS���JURRW��WDEHO�������2RN�LVHU� YHHO� VFKROLQJEHKRHIWH� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� PXOWLPHGLD�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�� /HUDUHQ� KHEEHQZHLQLJ� EHODQJVWHOOLQJ� YRRU� KHW� OHUHQ� RPJDDQ� PHW� HHQ� SUHVHQWDWLHSURJUDPPD�� GH]HLQWHUHVVH�LV�LQ�KHW�DIJHORSHQ�MDDU�YHUGHU�DIJHQRPHQ�
7DEHO ���3HUFHQWDJH OHHUNUDFKWHQ PHW VFKROLQJVEHKRHIWH RS KHW JHELHG YDQ PRGHUQH WHFKQRORJLH
SHUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ
.HQQLV HQ YDDUGLJKHLG ����
YHUVFKLO
���������
*HEUXLNHQ YDQ PXOWLPHGLD�WRHSDVVLQJHQ LQ KHW RQGHUZLMV �� ��
*HEUXLNHQ YDQ H�PDLO YRRU RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ �� ��
*HEUXLNHQ YDQ ,QWHUQHW�::: YRRU RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ �� ��
2PJDDQ PHW SURJUDPPDWXXU YRRU KHW PDNHQ YDQ HHQ SUHVHQWDWLH �� ��
Nascholingsbehoefte niet-onderwijskundig computergebruik'H�EHKRHIWH�DDQ�VFKROLQJ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�EDVLVNHQQLV�]RDOV�KHW�RPJDDQ�PHW�:LQGRZVHQ�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�HHQ�WHNVWYHUZHUNHU�LV�PLQGHU�JURRW�GDQ�GH�EHKRHIWH�DDQ�VFKROLQJ�YRRURQGHUZLMVNXQGLJ� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� �WDEHO� ������ ,Q� WHJHQVWHOOLQJ� WRW� DQGHUH� VFKROLQJV�JHELHGHQ� KHEEHQ� YURXZHOLMNH� OHUDUHQ� �VLJQLILFDQW�� YDNHU� EHKRHIWH� DDQ� VFKROLQJ� RYHU� KHWRPJDDQ�PHW�:LQGRZV�HQ�HHQ�WHNVWYHUZHUNHU�GDQ�GH�PDQQHOLMNH�OHUDUHQ�
7DEHO ���3HUFHQWDJH OHHUNUDFKWHQ PHW VFKROLQJVEHKRHIWH RS KHW JHELHG YDQ QLHW�RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJH FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN
SHUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ
.HQQLV HQ YDDUGLJKHLG ����
YHUVFKLO
���������
2PJDDQ PHW :LQGRZV�RPJHYLQJ ��� ��
*HEUXLN YDQ HHQ WHNVWYHUZHUNHU ��� ��
*HEUXLN YDQ HHQ GDWDEDVH ��� ��
+RHZHO� GH� EHKRHIWH� DDQ� VFKROLQJ� RS� HON� YDQ� GH� JHELHGHQ� LQ� KHW� DIJHORSHQ� MDDU� LHWV� LVDIJHQRPHQ�� LV� HU� JHHQ� VSUDNH� YDQ� HHQ� �VWDWLVWLVFK�� VLJQLILFDQWH� GDOLQJ� �ILJXXU� ������ 'HEHKRHIWH� DDQ� VFKROLQJ� LV� RRN� LQ� KHW� DIJHORSHQ� MDDU� RQYHUDQGHUG� KRRJ� JHEOHYHQ�*HFRQFOXGHHUG�NDQ�ZRUGHQ�GDW�VFKROLQJVEHKRHIWH�RS�RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJH�DVSHFWHQ�YDQ�,&7LQ�GH�NODV�DO�PHHUGHUH�MDUHQ�ppQ�YDQ�GH�JURRWVWH�ZHQVHQ�LV�YDQ�OHUDUHQ��7HJHOLMNHUWLMG�ODWHQGH�UHVXOWDWHQ�]LHQ�GDW�KHW�JHEUHN�DDQ�VFKROLQJVIDFLOLWHLWHQ�HHQ�JURWH�EHOHPPHULQJ� LV�YRRUGH�YHUGHUH� LQYRHULQJ�YDQ� ,&7� LQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV��0HW�KHW� JHEUHN�DDQ� VFKROLQJVIDFLOLWHLWHQZRUGW� QLHW� KHW� DDQERG� YDQ� FXUVXVVHQ� EHGRHOG�� PDDU� GH� IDFLOLWHLWHQ� YRRU� OHUDUHQ� RPVFKROLQJ�WH�NXQQHQ�YROJHQ��'H]H�VLWXDWLH�OHLGW�HU�WRH�GDW�HU�QDXZHOLMNV�RQWZLNNHOLQJ�LV�LQ�GHNHQQLV� HQ� YDDUGLJKHGHQ� YDQ� OHUDUHQ� RP� ,&7� DGHTXDDW� LQ� GH� NODV� WH� JHEUXLNHQ�� 'HPRJHOLMNKHGHQ� YRRU� OHUDUHQ� RP� NHQQLV� HQ� YDDUGLJKHGHQ� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� RQGHUZLMV�NXQGLJ� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� RS� WH� GRHQ�� LV� GDDUPHH� ppQ� YDQ� GH� NULWLVFKH� IDFWRUHQ� YRRU� GHYHUGHUH�RQWZLNNHOLQJ�YDQ�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�LQ�KHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV�
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
)LJXXU ���6FKROLQJVEHKRHIWHQ YDQ OHUDUHQ LQ ���� HQ ����
6.6 Samenvatting
� ,Q�KHW�DIJHORSHQ�MDDU�LV�GH�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�DDQ�VFKROHQ�ELM�GH�LQYRHULQJ�YDQ�,&7�VWHUNWRHJHQRPHQ��0HHU�GDQ�GULHNZDUW�YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�HUYDDUW�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�RS�KHW�JHELHGYDQ� ILQDQFLsQ� HQ� EHJHOHLGLQJ�� 2QGHUVWHXQLQJ� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� VFKROLQJ� LV� QRJEHSHUNW�HQ�DOV�HQLJ�RQGHUVWHXQLQJVJHELHG�LQ�KHW�DIJHORSHQ�MDDU�QLHW�WRHJHQRPHQ�
� 6DPHQZHUNLQJ�WXVVHQ�VFKROHQ�LV�LQ�KHW�DIJHORSHQ�MDDU�WRHJHQRPHQ��'H�EHWHNHQLV�YDQFROOHJLDOH� QHWZHUNHQ� YDQ� VFKROHQ� F�T�� OHUDUHQ� ZRUGW� VWHHGV� EHODQJULMNHU� YRRU� KHWLQYRHULQJVSURFHV� YDQ� ,&7� LQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV�� 0RPHQWHHO� HUYDUHQ� PHHU� VFKROHQRQGHUVWHXQLQJ� HQ� EHJHOHLGLQJ� YLD� GH]H� FROOHJLDOH� QHWZHUNHQ� GDQ� YLD� GH� RQGHUZLMV�EHJHOHLGLQJVGLHQVWHQ�
� 6FKROHQ� ZHUNHQ� YRRUDO� VDPHQ� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� ,&7�PDWHULDOHQ� �DSSDUDWXXU�SURJUDPPDWXXU� HQ� OHVPDWHULDDO�� HQ� KHW� XLWZLVVHOHQ� YDQ� LGHHsQ� RYHU� KHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ,&7��9HUGHU�ZHUNW�HHQ�JURRW�DDQWDO�VFKROHQ�������VDPHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�GHVNXQ�GLJKHLGVEHYRUGHULQJ�
� 2QGHUVWHXQLQJ� YDQ� OHHUNUDFKWHQ� ZRUGW� YRRUQDPHOLMN� GRRU� GH� VFKROHQ� ]HOIJHRUJDQLVHHUG��'DDUELM�LV�HHQ�EHODQJULMNH�URO�ZHJJHOHJG�YRRU�GH�,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU�
� 9LHU�YDQ�HONH�WLHQ�OHUDUHQ�NULMJW�YDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�ELM�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�,&7�� 'H�EHODQJULMNVWH� NQHOSXQWHQ�RS�GLW�PRPHQW� ]LMQ� YHURXGHUGH� FRPSXWHUV�� HHQ� JHEUHN
DDQ�NHQQLV�HQ�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�ELM� OHHUNUDFKWHQ�HQ�HHQ�JHEUHN�DDQ�IDFLOLWHLWHQ�DOV� WLMG�HQJHOG�YRRU� WHFKQLVFKH� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� HQ� VFKROLQJ� YDQ� OHHUNUDFKWHQ��+RHZHO� KHW� VRRUWSUREOHPHQ�LV�YHUDQGHUG��]LMQ�pQ�KHW�DDQWDO�pQ�GH�RPYDQJ�YDQ�SUREOHPHQ�RQYHUDQGHUGJHEOHYHQ�
� 6FKROHQ� KHEEHQ� YRRUDO� EHODQJ� ELM� PLGGHOHQ� YRRU� GH� DDQVWHOOLQJ� YDQ� HHQ� ,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU��9HUGHU�KHEEHQ�VFKROHQ�EHKRHIWH�DDQ�PRGHUQH�PXOWLPHGLDFRPSXWHUV�HQUDQGDSSDUDWXXU�
�� ��
��
����
��
RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJ JHEUXLN PRGHUQH WHFKQRORJLH DOJHPHHQ FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�
��
��
��
��
���� OHUDUHQ
���� ����
2QGHUVWHXQLQJ� VDPHQZHUNLQJ� NQHOSXQWHQ HQ EHKRHIWHQ ��
� /HUDUHQ�ZHQVHQ� SURJUDPPDWXXU� GLH�PHHUGHUH� DVSHFWHQ� YDQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMVOHHUSURFHVRQGHUVWHXQW��+HW�JDDW�KLHUELM�PHW�QDPH�RP�SURJUDPPDWXXU�ZDDULQ�KHW�RHIHQHQ�YDQOHHUVWRI� LQ� FRPELQDWLH�PHW� WRHWVLQJ� HQ� YRUGHULQJHQUHJLVWUDWLH� YRRUNRPW��(U� LV� ]RZHOHHQ� VXEVWDQWLsOH� JURHS� OHUDUHQ� GLH� EHKRHIWH� KHHIW� DDQ� PHWKRGH�DIKDQNHOLMNHSURJUDPPDWXXU�� DOV� HHQ� JURHS� GLH� EHKRHIWH� KHHIW� DDQ� PHWKRGH�RQDIKDQNHOLMNHSURJUDPPDWXXU�
� 'H�EHKRHIWH�DDQ�VFKROLQJ�ELM� OHUDUHQ�EOLMIW�KRRJ��2S�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJFRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� ZLOOHQ� OHUDUHQ� YRRUDO� KXQ� NHQQLV� RYHU� KHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� VSHFLILHNHSURJUDPPDV�YRRU�GH�OHHU��HQ�YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ�XLWEUHLGHQ��/HUDUHQ�ZLOOHQ�RRN�PHHUZHWHQ�RYHU�PRGHUQH�WHFKQRORJLH��]RDOV�,QWHUQHW��H�PDLO�HQ�PXOWLPHGLDSURJUDPPDV�
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
3HUVSHFWLHI RS GH WRHNRPVW ��
�� PERSPECTIEF OP DE TOEKOMST
'LW�KRRIGVWXN�VFKHWVW�GH�YHUZDFKWLQJHQ�GLH�LQ�KHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV� OHYHQ�RYHU�GH� WRHNRP�VWLJH�LQULFKWLQJ�YDQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV��$FKWHUHHQYROJHQV�ZRUGW�YDQXLW�KHW�SHUVSHFWLHI�YDQ�GHGLUHFWLH�������HQ�GH�OHUDUHQ�������JHNHNHQ�QDDU�KHW�WRHNRPVWEHHOG�YDQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�HQGH�YHUVFKLOOHQ�PHW�GH�KXLGLJH�VLWXDWLH��'DDUQD�YROJW� HHQ�RYHU]LFKW�YDQ�GH� WHFKQRORJLVFKHRQWZLNNHOLQJHQ�ZDDU� VFKROHQ� YHHO� YDQ� YHUZDFKWHQ� �������7HYHQV�ZRUGW� LQJHJDDQ� RS� GHYUDDJ�LQ�KRHYHUUH�VFKROHQ�GH�RQWZLNNHOLQJHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7�NXQQHQ�ELMKRXGHQ�+HW�KRRIGVWXN�VOXLW�DI�PHW�HHQ�VDPHQYDWWLQJ�YDQ�GH�EHODQJULMNVWH�UHVXOWDWHQ�������
7.1 Toekomstbeeld van directie
'H�LQULFKWLQJ�YDQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�]DO�LQ�GH�WRHNRPVW�RS�HHQ�JURRW�DDQWDO�DVSHFWHQ�YHUVFKLO�OHQ� YDQ� KHW� KXLGLJH� RQGHUZLMV�� 9HHO� NHQPHUNHQ� YDQ� KHW� KXLGLJH� RQGHUZLMV� ]XOOHQ� LQEHWHNHQLV� DIQHPHQ� �ILJXXU� ������ /HUDUHQ� ]XOOHQ� ELMYRRUEHHOG� PLQGHU� YDDN� NODVVLNDOHLQVWUXFWLH�JHYHQ�HQ�GH�PHWKRGH�]DO�QDDU�YHUZDFKWLQJ�ELM�KHW�OHVJHYHQ�HHQ�PLQGHU�FHQWUDOHSODDWV� LQQHPHQ��(U� LV� ppQ�DVSHFW�YDQ�KHW�KXLGLJH�RQGHUZLMV�GDW�RRN� LQ�GH� WRHNRPVW�HHQEHODQJULMNH� URO� ]DO� EOLMYHQ� YHUYXOOHQ�� GH� EDVLVYDNNHQ� ]RDOV� 1HGHUODQGVH� WDDO� HQ� UHNHQHQEOLMYHQ�GH�NHUQ�YRUPHQ�YDQ�KHW�FXUULFXOXP�
)LJXXU ���+HW EHODQJ YDQ LQULFKWLQJVDVSHFWHQ YRRU KHW KXLGLJH HQ WRHNRPVWLJH RQGHUZLMV YROJHQV GH GLUHFWLH
'H�FRPSXWHU�QHHPW�LQ�GH�WRHNRPVW�HHQ�VWHHGV�EHODQJULMNHUH�SODDWV�LQ�ELM�GH�LQULFKWLQJ�YDQRQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV��ILJXXU�������1DDU�YHUZDFKWLQJ�]XOOHQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�VWHHGVYDNHU�JHEUXLNHQ�YRRU�KHW�RS]RHNHQ�YDQ�LQIRUPDWLH�HQ�KHW�PDNHQ�YDQ�ZHUNVWXNNHQ��2S�GHPHHVWH� VFKROHQ� ]XOOHQ� OHHUOLQJHQ� HONH� GDJ�PHW� GH� FRPSXWHU� ZHUNHQ��9DQ� OHUDUHQ�ZRUGWYHUZDFKW�GDW�]LM�QLHW�DOOHHQ�JRHG�RS�GH�KRRJWH�]LMQ�YDQ�GH�GLGDFWLVFKH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ�YDQGH� FRPSXWHU� YRRU� GH� LQULFKWLQJ� YDQ� OHHUVLWXDWLHV�PDDU� GDW� ]LM� GH� FRPSXWHU� RRN� NXQQHQJHEUXLNHQ� YRRU� KHW� ELMKRXGHQ� YDQ� OHHUOLQJYRUGHULQJHQ�� 2P� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� YDQ� GHWRHNRPVW�WH�UHDOLVHUHQ��YLQGHQ�GH�PHHVWH�VFKRROGLUHFWLHV�KHW�HUJ�EHODQJULMN�GDW�GH�OHUDUHQRS�KXQ�VFKRRO�RYHUWXLJG�]LMQ�YDQ�GH�PHHUZDDUGH�YDQ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�LQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�
leerlingen doen niet aan zelfcontrole
leerlingen kunnen blijven zitten
leraren kijken niet bij elkaar in de klas
leraar hoofdzakelijk voor de klas
klassikale instructie, individuele verwerking
methode staat centraal
leraar bereidt eigen les individueel voor
basisvakken centraal
1 2 3
1 2 3
nu toekomst
niet enigszins ergbelangrijk belangrijk belangrijk
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
)LJXXU ���+HW EHODQJ YDQ FRPSXWHUWRHSDVVLQJHQ LQ KHW KXLGLJH HQ WRHNRPVWLJH RQGHUZLMV YROJHQV GH GLUHFWLH
'H�XLWVSUDNHQ�GLH�YHUPHOG�VWDDQ�LQ�GH�ILJXUHQ�����HQ�����JHYHQ�WH]DPHQ�HHQ�LQGLFDWLH�YDQKHW�EHODQJ�GDW� VFKROHQ�KHFKWHQ�DDQ�EHSDDOGH� LQULFKWLQJVNHQPHUNHQ�YDQ�KHW� WRHNRPVWLJHRQGHUZLMV�� )LJXXU� ���� EHYDW� HHQ� YHUJHOLMNLQJ� YDQ� GH� JHJHYHQV� XLW� ����� HQ� ������ 'H]HYHUJHOLMNLQJ� ODDW� ]LHQ� GDW� GH� RSYDWWLQJHQ� ELQQHQ� VFKROHQ� RYHU� GH� LQULFKWLQJ� YDQ� KHWRQGHUZLMV� �OLQNHU� DIEHHOGLQJ�� QLHW� YHUDQGHUG� ]LMQ�� .HQQHOLMN� ]LMQ� DOJHPHQH� RSYDWWLQJHQRYHU� GH� LQULFKWLQJ� YDQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� RYHU� HHQ� SHULRGH� YDQ� HHQ� MDDU� UHGHOLMN� VWDELHO��'HUHFKWHU�DIEHHOGLQJ�GLH�EHWUHNNLQJ�KHHIW�RS�GH�EHWHNHQLV�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�LQ�KHW�WRHNRP�VWLJH�RQGHUZLMV�ODDW�QLHW�DOOHHQ�]LHQ�GDW�GLUHFWLHV�LQ�EHLGH�MDUHQ�HHQ�EHODQJULMNH�URO�WRHNHQ�QHQ�DDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�LQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�YDQ�GH�WRHNRPVW��PDDU�PLQVWHQV�]R�EHWHNHQLVYRO�LVGH�YHUDQGHULQJ�GLH�]LFK�WXVVHQ������HQ������YRRUGRHW� LQ�GH� LQVFKDWWLQJ�YDQ�GH� ¶KXLGLJH·VLWXDWLH��'H�DIEHHOGLQJ�ODDW�QDPHOLMN�]LHQ�GDW�KHW�YHUVFKLO�WXVVHQ�GH�KXLGLJH�HQ�WRHNRPVWLJHVLWXDWLH�LQ������NOHLQHU�LV�GDQ�LQ�������'LW�ZLMVW�HU�RS�GDW�YROJHQV�GH�GLUHFWLH�HHQ�GHHO�YDQKHW� YHUDQGHULQJVWUDMHFW� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� LQ� KHW� DIJHORSHQ� MDDU� LVJHUHDOLVHHUG�� 'LW� EHHOG� LV� LQ� RYHUHHQVWHPPLQJ� PHW� GH� JHJHYHQV� GLH� LQ� GH� YRRUJDDQGHKRRIGVWXNNHQ�RYHU�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�LQ�KHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV�]LMQ�JHSUHVHQWHHUG�
)LJXXU ���9HUJHOLMNLQJ YDQ JHJHYHQV XLW ���� HQ ���� RYHU GH RQWZLNNHOLQJHQ GLH GH VFKRROGLUHFWLHYHUZDFKWHQ WHQ DDQ]LHQ YDQ GH LQULFKWLQJ YDQ KHW RQGHUZLMV HQ KHW FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN RS GH HLJHQVFKRRO
leerlingen gebruiken computer voor opzoeken info
leerlingvorderingen op de computer bijhouden
elke leerkracht kent de mogelijkheden van computer
leerlingen gebruiken computer voor werkstukken
leerlingen werken elke dag met computer
leerkrachten overtuigd van meerwaarde van computer
1 2 3
1 2 3
nu toekomst
niet enigszins ergbelangrijk belangrijk belangrijk
QX WRHNRPVW
EHODQJ YDQ KXLGLJH LQULFKWLQJVNHQPHUNHQ RQGHUZLMV
���� ����
HUJEHODQJULMN
HQLJV]LQVEHODQJULMN
QLHWEHODQJULMN
)LJXXU ���D
QX WRHNRPVW
EHWHNHQLV YDQ FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN YRRU KHW RQGHUZLMV
���� ����
HUJ
EHODQJULMN
HQLJV]LQV
EHODQJULMN
QLHW
EHODQJULMN)LJXXU ���E
3HUVSHFWLHI RS GH WRHNRPVW ��
7.2 Toekomstbeeld van leerkrachten
(YHQDOV�GH�GLUHFWLH�YDQ�EDVLVVFKROHQ�YHUZDFKWHQ� OHHUNUDFKWHQ�GDW� LQULFKWLQJVDVSHFWHQ�GLHYHUZLM]HQ� QDDU� NODVVLNDDO� RQGHUZLMV� LQ� GH� WRHNRPVW� HHQ� PLQGHU� EHODQJULMNH� URO� LQ� KHWRQGHUZLMV�]XOOHQ�YHUYXOOHQ��)LJXXU�����ODDW�ELMYRRUEHHOG�]LHQ�GDW�NODVVLNDOH�LQVWUXFWLH�HQ�HHQORNDDOLQULFKWLQJ� ZDDUELM� OHHUOLQJHQ� LQ� YDVWH� ULMHQ� ]LWWHQ�� LQ� GH� WRHNRPVW� YROJHQV� OHUDUHQPLQGHU�YDDN�]XOOHQ�YRRUNRPHQ�
)LJXXU ���,QULFKWLQJVDVSHFWHQ GLH YROJHQV OHHUNUDFKWHQ LQ KHW WRHNRPVWLJ RQGHUZLMV YDQ PLQGHU EHODQJ ]XOOHQ]LMQ
)LJXXU�����JHHIW�HHQ�RYHU]LFKW�YDQ�GH�LQULFKWLQJVDVSHFWHQ�ZDDUYDQ�OHHUNUDFKWHQ�YHUZDFK�WHQ�GDW�GH]H�LQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�YDQ�GH�WRHNRPVW�EHODQJULMNHU�ZRUGHQ��+HW�EHWUHIIHQ�YRRUDONHQPHUNHQ�GLH�YHUZLM]HQ�QDDU�ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG�RQGHUZLMV��]RDOV�PHHU�DDQGDFKW�YRRU�GHLQGLYLGXHOH�OHHUOLQJ�HQ�KHW�UHNHQLQJ�KRXGHQ�PHW�YHUVFKLOOHQ�WXVVHQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�
)LJXXU ���,QULFKWLQJVDVSHFWHQ GLH YROJHQV OHHUNUDFKWHQ LQ KHW WRHNRPVWLJ RQGHUZLMV YDQ JURWHU EHODQJ ]XOOHQ]LMQ
klassikaal toetsen
leerlingen zitten in vaste opstelling
klassikale instructie
leerlingen beginnen tegelijk met nieuwe stof
leerkracht is belangrijkste bron van info
leerlingen werken tegelijk aan dezelfde stof
1 2 3
1 2 3
nu toekomst
niet enigszins ergbelangrijk belangrijk belangrijk
krijgen zorgleerlingen aparte instructie
werken leerlingen in eigen tempo
werken leerlingen in groepjes of individueel
doen leerlingen veel aan zelfcontrole
zijn er verschillende werkruimtes voor leerlingen
zijn leermaterialen opgesteld in hoeken
1 2 3
1 2 3
nu toekomst
niet enigszins ergbelangrijk belangrijk belangrijk
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
2RN�GH�OHUDUHQ�YHUZDFKWHQ�GDW�FRPSXWHUV�HHQ�VWHHGV�EHODQJULMNHUH�SODDWV�]XOOHQ�LQQHPHQELM�KHW�JHYHQ�YDQ�RQGHUZLMV��=LM�YHUZDFKWHQ�GDW�OHHUOLQJHQ�LQ�GH�WRHNRPVW�]HOIVWDQGLJ�PHWGH�FRPSXWHU�]XOOHQ�ZHUNHQ��7HYHQV�]DO�HU�HHQ�YDULDWLH�DDQ�OHHUPLGGHOHQ�HQ�PHGLD�EHVFKLN�EDDU� ]LMQ� HQ� ]XOOHQ� NLQGHUHQ� GH�PRJHOLMNKHLG� KHEEHQ� RP� YLD� VFKRRO� SURJUDPPDWXXU� WHOHQHQ�YRRU�WKXLVJHEUXLN�
)LJXXU ���&RPSXWHUDVSHFWHQ GLH YROJHQV GH OHHUNUDFKWHQ LQ KHW WRHNRPVWLJ RQGHUZLMV YDQ JURWHU EHODQJ]XOOHQ ]LMQ
2S�EDVLV�YDQ�GH�JHJHYHQV�XLW�GH�ILJXUHQ����������HQ����� LV�YRRU�HON�YDQ�GH�RQGHUZHUSHQHHQ�JHPLGGHOGH�ZDDUGH�EHUHNHQG��,Q�ILJXXU�����ZRUGHQ�GH]H�UHVXOWDWHQ�YHUJHOHNHQ�PHW�GLHYDQ�GH�YRULJH�PHWLQJ��(U�GLHQW�]LFK�YDQXLW�OHUDDUVSHUVSHFWLHI�HHQ�EHHOG�DDQ�GDW�FRQVLVWHQWLV�PHW�KHW�WRHNRPVWEHHOG�YDQ�GH�GLUHFWLH��'H�EHWHNHQLV�YDQ�XQLIRUP�NODVVLNDOH�NHQPHUNHQYDQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� ]XOOHQ� DIQHPHQ� �DIEHHOGLQJ� ���D�� HQ� GDDUYRRU� LQ� GH� SODDWV� NRPHQNHQPHUNHQ�YDQ�ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG�RQGHUZLMV��DIEHHOGLQJ����E���'H�DIEHHOGLQJHQ�D�HQ�E�LQILJXXU� ���� ODWHQ� ]LHQ� GDW� GH]H� RQWZLNNHOLQJ� LQ� ����� HQ� ����� GRRU� GH� OHUDUHQ� RS� YULMZHOLGHQWLHNH� ZLM]H� ZRUGW� ZHHUJHJHYHQ�� 'LW� EHYHVWLJW� QRJ� HHQV� GDW� RSYDWWLQJHQ� RYHU� GHLQULFKWLQJ� YDQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� RYHU� HHQ� SHULRGH� YDQ� WZHH� MDDU� UHGHOLMN� VWDELHO� ]LMQ� HQ� KHWUHDOLVHUHQ� YDQ� EHWHNHQLVYROOH� YHUDQGHULQJHQ� HHQ� ODQJHUH� WHUPLMQ� YHUHLVW�� 9DQXLWPRQLWRULQJSHUVSHFWLHI� LV� KHW� HFKWHU� YDQ� JURWH� EHWHNHQLV� RP� WH� FRQVWDWHUHQ� GDW� HU� HHQRQWZLNNHOLQJ� JDDQGH� LV� LQ� GH� ULFKWLQJ� GLH� VFKROHQ� YRRU� GH� WRHNRPVW� QDVWUHYHQ�� 'LWEHWHNHQW� GDW� VFKROHQ� GDDGZHUNHOLMN� QDJHVWUHHIGH� GRHOHQ� UHDOLVHUHQ� ZDDUGRRU� GH� GLVFUH�SDQWLH� WXVVHQ� GH� KXLGLJH� HQ� GH� EHRRJGH� VLWXDWLH� NOHLQHU� ZRUGW� �]LH� RRN� KRRIGVWXN� ���*HJHYHQ� GH� YHUZDFKWLQJ� GDW� HHQ� JURRW� DDQWDO� MDUHQ� QRGLJ� ]DO� ]LMQ� RP� GH� EHRRJGHYHUDQGHULQJHQ�WH�UHDOLVHUHQ�� OLJW�HU�HHQ�EHODQJULMNH�HQ�FRPSOH[H�WDDN�ELM�KHW�PDQDJHPHQWYDQ�VFKROHQ�RP�GLW�SURFHV�QLHW�DOOHHQ� LQ�GH�JHZHQVWH�ULFKWLQJ� WH�EOLMYHQ�VWXUHQ��PDDU�GHRQWZLNNHOLQJ�RRN�JDDQGH�WH�KRXGHQ�$IEHHOGLQJ����F�LOOXVWUHHUW�GDW�DVSHFWHQ�YDQ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�YHHO�VQHOOHU�YHUDQGHUHQ�GDQGH�DOJHPHQH�LQULFKWLQJVNHQPHUNHQ�YDQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�ZDDURS�GH�DIEHHOGLQJHQ����D�HQ����EEHWUHNNLQJ�KHEEHQ��,Q�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�GH�JHJHYHQV�YDQ�HHQ� MDDU�JHOHGHQ� LV�GH�EHWHNHQLVYDQ� KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� LQ� GH� EHOHYLQJ� YDQ� OHUDUHQ� �VLJQLILFDQW�� WRHJHQRPHQ�� /HUDUHQYHUZDFKWHQ� GDW� GH� LQYORHG� YDQ� GH� FRPSXWHU� RS� GH� LQULFKWLQJ� YDQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� LQ� GHWRHNRPVW�QRJ�YHUGHU�]DO�WRHQHPHQ�
leerlingen werken zelfstandig met computers
variatie aan leermiddelen en media beschikbaar
uitleenfaciliteiten voor thuisgebruik
1 2 3
1 2 3
nu toekomst
niet enigszins ergbelangrijk belangrijk belangrijk
3HUVSHFWLHI RS GH WRHNRPVW ��
'H]H�JHJHYHQV� LQ� ILJXXU����� LOOXVWUHUHQ� GH� FRPSOH[LWHLW� YDQ�KHW� LQYRHULQJVSURFHV��(QHU�]LMGV�LV�HU�VSUDNH�YDQ�HHQ�VQHOOH�RQWZLNNHOLQJ�LQ�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�,&7�ZDDUELM�]LFK�LQ�NRUWHWLMG�EHWHNHQLVYROOH�YHUDQGHULQJHQ�YRRUGRHQ��$QGHU]LMGV�LV�HU�HHQ�WUDJH�RQWZLNNHOLQJ�LQ�GHRSYDWWLQJHQ�RYHU�GH�LQULFKWLQJ�YDQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV��+HW�PDQDJHPHQW�YDQ�VFKROHQ�VWDDW�YRRUGH� XLWGDJLQJ� RP� GH� EHLGH� RQWZLNNHOLQJHQ� GLH� LQ� HHQ� YHUVFKLOOHQG� WHPSR� SODDWV� YLQGHQ�ELQQHQ�GH�VFKRROVLWXDWLH�RS�HONDDU�DI�WH�VWHPPHQ�
)LJXXU ���9HUJHOLMNLQJ YDQ JHJHYHQV XLW ���� HQ ���� RYHU GH RQWZLNNHOLQJHQ GLH OHUDUHQ YHUZDFKWHQ WHQDDQ]LHQ YDQ GH LQULFKWLQJ YDQ KHW HLJHQ RQGHUZLMV HQ FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN
QX WRHNRPVW
EHWHNHQLV YDQ NHQPHUNHQ YHUZLM]HQG QDDU XQLIRUP�NODVVLNDDO RQGHUZLMV
���� ����
HUJEHODQJULMN
HQLJV]LQVEHODQJULMN
QLHWEHODQJULMN
)LJXXU ���D
QX WRHNRPVW
EHWHNHQLV YDQ FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN
���� ����
HUJEHODQJULMN
HQLJV]LQVEHODQJULMN
QLHWEHODQJULMN
)LJXXU ���F
QX WRHNRPVW
EHWHNHQLV YDQ NHQPHUNHQ YHUZLM]HQG QDDU ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG RQGHUZLMV
���� ����
HUJEHODQJULMN
HQLJV]LQVEHODQJULMN
QLHWEHODQJULMN
)LJXXU ���E
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
7.3 Nieuwe ontwikkelingen
+HW�HHUGHU�JHVFKHWVWH�EHHOG�GDW�,&7�VWHHGV�EHODQJULMNHU�ZRUGW�YRRU�GH�LQULFKWLQJ�YDQ�KHWRQGHUZLMV� ZRUGW� YHUVWHUNW� GRRU� GH� YHUZDFKWLQJHQ� YDQ� VFKROHQ� RYHU� YHUVFKLOOHQGH� ,&7�WUHQGV�� 6FKROHQ� YHUZDFKWHQ� PHW� QDPH� YHHO� YDQ� GH� PRJHOLMNKHGHQ� GLH� ,QWHUQHW�:::ELHGW�YRRU�KHW�RS]RHNHQ�YDQ�LQIRUPDWLH��+HW�SHUFHQWDJH�VFKROHQ�GDW�SRVLWLHI�VWDDW�WHJHQ�RYHU�GH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ�GLH�,QWHUQHW�YRRU�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�WH�ELHGHQ�KHHIW��LV�LQ�KHW�DIJHORSHQMDDU� �VLJQLILFDQW�� WRHJHQRPHQ�� +RHZHO� .HQQLVQHW� QRJ� LQ� EHODQJULMNH� PDWH� YRUP� PRHWZRUGHQ�JHJHYHQ��KHEEHQ�GH�PHHVWH�VFKROHQ�SRVLWLHYH�YHUZDFKWLQJHQ�RYHU�GH�ELMGUDJH�GLH.HQQLVQHW�]DO�JDDQ�OHYHUHQ�DDQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV��9HUGHU�]LMQ�VFKROHQ�SRVLWLHI�RYHU�GH�ELMGUDJHGLH�HHQ�JHDXWRPDWLVHHUG�V\VWHHP�YRRU�KHW�RSVODDQ�YDQ�OHHUOLQJJHJHYHQV�HQ��UHVXOWDWHQ�DDQKHW�RQGHUZLMV�NDQ�OHYHUHQ��9RRU�DOOH�,&7�WUHQGV�GLH�YHUPHOG�VWDDQ�LQ�ILJXXU�����JHOGW�GDWGH�YHUZDFKWLQJHQ�YDQ�VFKROHQ�LQ�KHW�DIJHORSHQ�MDDU�YHUGHU�]LMQ�WRHJHQRPHQ�
)LJXXU ���,&7�WUHQGV ZDDUYDQ VFKROHQ YHHO YDQ YHUZDFKWHQ YRRU KHW HLJHQ RQGHUZLMV
+RHZHO� VFKROHQ�YHHO� YHUZDFKWHQ�YDQ� WRHNRPVWLJH� ,&7�RQWZLNNHOLQJHQ� LV� KHW�PHUHQGHHOYDQ�GH� EDVLVVFKROHQ� QLHW� LQ� VWDDW� GH]H� RQWZLNNHOLQJHQ� YROGRHQGH� WH� YROJHQ� �ILJXXU� �����'H]H�VLWXDWLH�LV�WHQ�RS]LFKWH�YDQ�YRULJH�MDDU�QLHW�YHUDQGHUG�
)LJXXU ���0DWH ZDDULQ EDVLVVFKROHQ LQ VWDDW ]LMQ RQWZLNNHOLQJHQ RS KHW JHELHG YDQ ,&7 ELM WH KRXGHQ
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
,QWHUQHW�:::
OHHUOLQJYROJV\VWHHP
PXOWLPHGLD�WRHSDVVLQJHQ
.HQQLVQHW
H�PDLO JHEUXLN
HOHNWURQLVFK DDQELHGHQ YDQ OHHUVWRI
� �� �� �� �� ���
SHUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ
���� ����
�
��
��
�
�
QLHW PDWLJ YROGRHQGH JRHG ]HHU JRHG
�
��
��
��
��
��
��� VFKROHQ
3HUVSHFWLHI RS GH WRHNRPVW ��
2PGDW� RQWZLNNHOLQJHQ� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� ,&7� VWHHGV� YHUGHU� JDDQ� HQ� HHQ� JURRW� DDQWDOVFKROHQ�QLHW�JHwQIRUPHHUG�LV�RYHU�GH]H�RQWZLNNHOLQJHQ��QHHPW�KHW�SHUFHQWDJH�VFKROHQ�GDWVOHFKW�RS�GH�KRRJWH�LV�YDQ�GH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ�YDQ�,&7�YHUGHU�WRH��'RRU�GH�DDQGDFKW�GLH�LQKHW� 3ULQW�&RPHQLXV�SURMHFW� WRW� DDQ� ����� LV� EHVWHHG� DDQ� YRRUOLFKWLQJ�� ZDV� LQ� ����� QRJPDDU����YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�VOHFKW�RS�GH�KRRJWH�YDQ�GH�WRHSDVVLQJVPRJHOLMNKHGHQ�YDQ�,&7�1D� DIORRS� YDQ� KHW� 3ULQW�&RPHQLXV�SURMHFW� LV� GH� VSHFLILHNH� YRRUOLFKWLQJVIXQFWLH� RS� KHWJHELHG�YDQ�,&7�NRPHQ�WH�YHUYDOOHQ��6LQGVGLHQ�LV�KHW�SHUFHQWDJH�VFKROHQ�GDW�VOHFKW�RS�GHKRRJWH�LV�YDQ�GH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ�GLH�,&7�WH�ELHGHQ�KHHIW��YHUGHU�WRHJHQRPHQ��ILJXXU�������.HQQHOLMN� ]LMQ� VFKROHQ� RQYROGRHQGH� LQ� VWDDW� GH� EHQRGLJGH� LQIRUPDWLH� RYHU� ,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�]HOI�WH�YHU]DPHOHQ�HQ�VODJHQ�GH�RUJDQLVDWLHV�GLH�DOV�WDDN�KHEEHQ�GH�LQYRHULQJYDQ� ,&7� WH� RQGHUVWHXQHQ�� HU� RQYROGRHQGH� LQ� RP� GH]H� LQIRUPDWLH� DDQ� GH� VFKROHQ� WHYHUVWUHNNHQ�
)LJXXU ����3HUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ GDW VOHFKW RS GH KRRJWH LV YDQ GH PRJHOLMNKHGHQ GLH ,&7 WH ELHGHQ KHHIW YRRURQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ
+HW�JHEUHN�DDQ�NHQQLV�HQ�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�PHW�EHWUHNNLQJ�WRW�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV�LQKHW�RQGHUZLMV�LV�YRRU�GH�PHHVWH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�ppQ�YDQ�GH�JURRWVWH�EHOHPPHULQJHQ�YRRU�GHYHUGHUH�LQYRHULQJ�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV��]LH�RRN�KRRIGVWXN�����$OV�VFKROHQ�JHHQ�JRHG�RYHU]LFKWKHEEHQ� YDQ� GH� PRJHOLMNH� WRHSDVVLQJHQ� YDQ� ,&7� LQ� KXQ� RQGHUZLMV�� NDQ� QLHW� YHUZDFKWZRUGHQ�GDW�]LM�GH�SRWHQWLsOH� WRHSDVVLQJHQ�YDQ�,&7� LQ�KXQ�RQGHUZLMV� WHQ�YROOH�EHQXWWHQ�(HQ�ZHORYHUZRJHQ�NHX]H�XLW�GH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ�GLH� ,&7� WH�ELHGHQ�KHHIW�� LV�GH�EDVLV� YDQHHQ� VXFFHVYROOH� LQYRHULQJ� YDQ� ,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ� LQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV�� +HW� VWDUWHQ� YDQYHUDQGHULQJVSURFHVVHQ� GRRU� ELMYRRUEHHOG� ,&7�PDWHULDOHQ� DDQ� WH� VFKDIIHQ� ]RQGHU� GDWGXLGHOLMN�LV�ZHONH�RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJH�GRHOHQ�GDDUPHH�ZRUGHQ�QDJHVWUHHIG��OHLGW�GLNZLMOV�WRWHHQ�VLWXDWLH�GLH�LQ�GH�OLWHUDWXXU�ZRUGW�DDQJHGXLG�PHW�¶SDLQIXO�XQFODULW\·� �)XOODQ���������,QHHQ� GHUJHOLMNH� VLWXDWLH�ZRUGW� YRO� HQWKRXVLDVPH� HHQ� EHJLQ� JHPDDNW�PHW� GH� DDQVFKDI� YDQPDWHULDOHQ� WHUZLMO� QD� YHUORRS� YDQ� WLMG� EOLMNW� GDW� GDDUPHH� GH� YHUNHHUGH� FRQGLWLHV� ]LMQJHFUHsHUG�RP�GH�YHUDQGHULQJHQ�WH�UHDOLVHUHQ�GLH�PHQ��DFKWHUDI�EH]LHQ��ZHQVHOLMN�DFKW�
7.4 Samenvatting
� =RZHO� GH� GLUHFWLHV� YDQ� VFKROHQ� DOV� GH� OHUDUHQ� YHUZDFKWHQ� GDW� KHW� WRHNRPVWLJHRQGHUZLMV�RS�HHQ�JURRW�DDQWDO�DVSHFWHQ�]DO�YHUVFKLOOHQ�YDQ�KHW�KXLGLJH�RQGHUZLMV��1DDUYHUZDFKWLQJ� ]DO� LQ� GH� WRHNRPVW� ELM� GH� LQULFKWLQJ� YDQ� OHHUVLWXDWLHV� PHHU� UHNHQLQJ
��
�
��
��
��
���� ���� ���� ���� ����
�
��
��
��
��� VFKROHQ
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
ZRUGHQ� JHKRXGHQ� PHW� YHUVFKLOOHQ� WXVVHQ� OHHUOLQJHQ�� 'H� FRPSXWHU� ]DO� GDDUELM� HHQEHODQJULMN�KXOSPLGGHO�]LMQ�
� 'H� RSYDWWLQJHQ� GLH� LQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� OHYHQ� RYHU� GH� WRHNRPVWLJH� LQULFKWLQJ� YDQ� KHWRQGHUZLMV�]LMQ�LQ�GH�DIJHORSHQ�WZHH�MDDU�JHOLMN�JHEOHYHQ��6FKRROGLUHFWLHV�HQ�OHUDUHQ�]LMQYDQ�PHQLQJ�GDW�]LM�LQ�KHW�DIJHORSHQ�MDDU�VLJQLILFDQWH�YRRUXLWJDQJ�KHEEHQ�JHERHNW�LQ�GHULFKWLQJ�YDQ�KHW�EHRRJGH�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�
� 9HUDQGHULQJHQ� WHQ� DDQ]LHQ� YDQ� GH� LQULFKWLQJ� YDQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� YHUORSHQ� ODQJ]DDP�+HW� LQYRHULQJVWUDMHFW�YDQ�,&7�JDDW�VQHO��+HW�PDQDJHPHQW�YDQ�VFKROHQ�VWDDW�YRRU�GHXLWGDJLQJ�RP�EHLGH�RQWZLNNHOLQJHQ�RS�HONDDU�DI�WH�VWHPPHQ�
� 6FKROHQ�YHUZDFKWHQ�YHHO�YDQ�GH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ�GLH�,QWHUQHW�WH�ELHGHQ�KHHIW�YRRU�KHWRS]RHNHQ�YDQ�LQIRUPDWLH��2RN�KHEEHQ�GH�PHHVWH�VFKROHQ�SRVLWLHYH�YHUZDFKWLQJHQ�YDQGH� ELMGUDJH� GLH� .HQQLVQHW� ]DO� JDDQ� OHYHUHQ� DDQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV�� 9HUGHU� ]LMQ� VFKROHQSRVLWLHI� RYHU� GH� ELMGUDJH� GLH� ]LM� YHUZDFKWHQ� YDQ� HHQ� �OHHUOLQJYROJ�V\VWHHP� YRRU� KHWUHJLVWUHUHQ�YDQ�OHHUOLQJYRUGHULQJHQ�HQ�PXOWLPHGLD�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�YRRU�GH�YHUVFKLOOHQGHOHHU��HQ�YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ�
� +HW�SHUFHQWDJH�VFKROHQ�GDW�VOHFKW�RS�GH�KRRJWH�LV�YDQ�GH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ�GLH�,&7�YRRUKHW� RQGHUZLMV� WH� ELHGHQ� KHHIW�� QHHPW� VLQGV� ����� VWHHGV� YHUGHU� WRH�� ,QPLGGHOV� YLQGWHHQGHUGH�YDQ�GH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�]LFK]HOI�VOHFKW�JHwQIRUPHHUG��9DQ�VFKROHQ�GLH�QLHW�RS�GHKRRJWH�]LMQ�YDQ�GH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ�GLH�,&7�WH�ELHGHQ�KHHIW��NDQ�QLHW�ZRUGHQ�YHUZDFKWGDW�]LM�GH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ�YDQ�,&7�WHQ�YROOH�EHQXWWHQ�
9RRUKRHGHVFKROHQ ��
�� VOORHOEDESCHOLEN
'LW�KRRIGVWXN�EHYDW�HHQ�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�YDQ�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�PHW�GH�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�,Q������]LMQ�����EDVLVVFKROHQ�RS�JURQG�YDQ�KXQ�,&7�EHOHLGVSODQ�GRRU�KHW�0LQLVWHULHYDQ� 2QGHUZLMV�� &XOWXXU� HQ�:HWHQVFKDSSHQ� DOV� YRRUKRHGHVFKRRO� JHVHOHFWHHUG�� 9RRU� GHXLWYRHULQJ� YDQ� GH� JRHGJHNHXUGH� ,&7�SODQQHQ� KHEEHQ� GH]H� VFKROHQ� ���� JXOGHQ� SHUOHHUOLQJ�RQWYDQJHQ�
'H� JHJHYHQV� GLH� LQ� GLW� KRRIGVWXN� YRRU� GH� QLHW�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� ZRUGHQ� JHSUHVHQWHHUG�NRPHQ� YULMZHO� RYHUHHQ� PHW� GH� SRSXODWLHVWDWLVWLHNHQ� XLW� GH� YRRUJDDQGH� KRRIGVWXNNHQ�*HULQJH� DIZLMNLQJHQ� ]LMQ� PRJHOLMN� RPGDW� KHW� HIIHFW� YDQ� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� RS� GHSRSXODWLHVWDWLVWLHNHQ�LQ�GH]H�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�EXLWHQ�EHVFKRXZLQJ�ZRUGHQ�JHODWHQ��'DDUGRRURQWVWDDW�HU�HHQ�]XLYHUH�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�WXVVHQ�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�HQ�GH�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�2YHULJHQV� LV� GH� LQYORHG� YDQ� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� RS� GH� SRSXODWLHVWDWLVWLHNHQ� JHULQJ�0LQGHU�GDQ����YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�LV�QDPHOLMN�HHQ�YRRUKRHGHVFKRRO�
$FKWHUHHQYROJHQV� NRPHQ� YHUJHOLMNLQJHQ� DDQ� ERG� YDQ� GH� YHUVFKLOOHQGH� ,&7�LQGLFDWRUHQGLH� LQ� GH� YRRUJDDQGH� KRRIGVWXNNHQ� ]LMQ� EHVFKUHYHQ�� +HW� KRRIGVWXN� VOXLW� DI� PHW� HHQVDPHQYDWWLQJ�YDQ�GH�EHODQJULMNVWH�UHVXOWDWHQ�
8.1 Computergebruik
Computergebruik door leraren
2S� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� ZHUNHQ� OHUDUHQ� LQWHQVLHYHU� PHW� FRPSXWHUV� GDQ� RS� DQGHUHVFKROHQ��ILJXXU�������2S�HHQ�YRRUKRHGHVFKRRO�ZHUNW� LQ�GH�JURHSHQ���WRW�HQ�PHW���ELMQDWZHHGHUGH�YDQ�GH� OHUDUHQ�GDJHOLMNV�PHW�GH�FRPSXWHUV��2S�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ� LV�GLW�KHWJHYDO�ELM�UXLP�GH�KHOIW�YDQ�GH�OHUDUHQ�
)LJXXU ���9HUJHOLMNLQJ YDQ KHW FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN RS YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ HQ DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
��
��
�
��
��
�
HONH GDJ HONH ZHHN PLQGHU GDQ ZHNHOLMNV
�
��
��
��� OHUDUHQ
YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ DQGHUH VFKROHQ
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
Computergebruik bij de leer- en vormingsgebieden
'H�EHODQJULMNVWH�YDNJHELHGHQ�ZDDUYRRU�GH� OHUDUHQ�YDQ�JURHS���RS�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�HQDQGHUH�VFKROHQ�FRPSXWHUV�JHEUXLNHQ�]LMQ�GH]HOIGH��QDPHOLMN��1HGHUODQGVH�WDDO��UHNHQHQ�HQDDUGULMNVNXQGH��WDEHO�������%LM�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�JHEUXLNHQ�DDQ]LHQOLMN�PHHU�OHUDUHQ�GHFRPSXWHU�YRRU�GH]H�YDNJHELHGHQ�GDQ�RS�GH�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ�
7DEHO ���3HUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ PHW ZHNHOLMNV FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN ELM OHHU� HQ YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ LQ JURHS � YDQ KHWEDVLVRQGHUZLMV
SHUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ
PHW ZHNHOLMNV FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN LQ JURHS �
/HHU� HQ YRUPLQJVJHELHG YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
YHUVFKLO YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ ²
DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
1HGHUODQGVH WDDO �� ���
5HNHQHQ�ZLVNXQGH �� ���
$DUGULMNVNXQGH �� ���
9HUNHHU �� ��
1DWXXU � ��
([SUHVVLH�DFWLYLWHLWHQ � ��
(QJHOVH WDDO �� ��
*HVFKLHGHQLV � ��
2RN�JHEUXLNHQ�GH�OHUDUHQ�YDQ�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�YRRU�PHHU�YHUVFKLOOHQGHYDNNHQ�GDQ�GH�OHUDUHQ�YDQ�GH�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ��WDEHO�������*HPLGGHOG�ZRUGW�GH�FRPSXWHURS�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� LQ�JURHS���YRRU�YLHU� WRW�YLMI�YHUVFKLOOHQGH�YDNJHELHGHQ� LQJH]HW�2S�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ�RPYDW�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�GULH�WRW�YLHU�YHUVFKLOOHQGH�YDNJHELHGHQ�
7DEHO ���*HPLGGHOG DDQWDO OHHU� HQ YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ PHW FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN LQ JURHS � YDQ KHW EDVLVRQGHUZLMV
JHPLGGHOG DDQWDO OHHU� HQ YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ
PHW FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN LQ JURHS �
)UHTXHQWLH YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
YHUVFKLO YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ ²
DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
7LMGHQV KHW VFKRROMDDU ��� ����
:HNHOLMNV ��� ����
Didactische toepassingen van ICT
&RPSXWHUV� ZRUGHQ� RS� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� DDQ]LHQOLMN� PHHU� JHEUXLNW� YRRU� JHJHYHQV�YHUZHUYLQJ�HQ��YHUZHUNLQJ�GDQ�RS�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ��2RN�DQGHUH�GLGDFWLVFKH�WRHSDVVLQJHQZRUGHQ� RS� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� YDNHU� JHEUXLNW� �WDEHO� ������ 'LW� ZLMVW� HU� RS� GDW� GHGLGDFWLVFKH� LQ]HW� YDQ� GH� FRPSXWHU� ELM� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� PHHU� JHYDULHHUG� LV� HQ� KHWJHEUXLN� YDQ� GH� FRPSXWHU� YRRU� RHIHQHQ� HQ� JHJHYHQVYHUZHUNLQJ� ELMQD� VWDQGDDUG�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�]LMQ�GLH�RS�DOOH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�YRRUNRPHQ�
9RRUKRHGHVFKROHQ ��
7DEHO ���'LGDFWLVFKH WRHSDVVLQJHQ YDQ ,&7 GRRU OHUDUHQ YDQ JURHS �
SHUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ JURHS �
'LGDFWLVFKH WRHSDVVLQJ YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
YHUVFKLO YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ ²
DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
2HIHQHQ ��� ��
*HJHYHQVYHUZHUYLQJ HQ
�YHUZHUNLQJ �� ���
,QVWUXFWLH �� ��
%HORQLQJ �� ��
7RHWVHQ �� ��
,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�JHJHYHQVYHUZHUYLQJ��]RDOV�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�,QWHUQHW�NRPHQ�ELM�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�YHHO�YDNHU�YRRU�GDQ�ELM�GH�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ��'LW�VRRUWWRHSDVVLQJHQ� YHUZLM]HQ� QDDU� YHUQLHXZHQG� JHEUXLN� �]LH� KRRIGVWXN� ����'H� WUHQG� RP� ,&7PHHU�WH�JHEUXLNHQ�YRRU�JHJHYHQVYHUZHUYLQJ�HQ��YHUZHUNLQJ�GRHW�]LFK�ELM�DOOH�EDVLV VFKROHQYRRU�� 'H� UHVXOWDWHQ� YDQ� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� LOOXVWUHUHQ� GDW� GRRU� HHQ� JURWHUHEHVFKLNEDDUKHLG� YDQ� ILQDQFLsOH� PLGGHOHQ� ]RQ� LQYRHULQJVSURFHV� DDQ]LHQOLMN� NDQ� ZRUGHQYHUVQHOG��WDEHO������
7DEHO ���,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ GRRU OHUDUHQ HQ OHHUOLQJHQ YDQ JURHS �
YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
YHUVFKLO YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ ²
DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
7\SH WRHSDVVLQJ OHUDDU OHHUOLQJ OHUDDU OHHUOLQJ
(OHPHQWDLU JHEUXLN �� �� �� ��
6SHFLDOLVWLVFK JHEUXLN �� �� �� ��
9HUQLHXZHQG JHEUXLN �� �� ��� ���
Omvang van het computergebruik
2S�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�ZRUGW� LQ�JURHS���JHPLGGHOG�]HYHQ� WRW� DFKW�XXU�SHU�ZHHN�PHWFRPSXWHUV�JHZHUNW��WDEHO�������'LW�LV�HONH�ZHHN�HHQ�XXU�PHHU�GDQ�RS�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�(HQ�ZLOOHNHXULJH�OHHUOLQJ�XLW�JURHS���YDQ�HHQ�YRRUKRHGHVFKRRO�]LW�HONH�ZHHN�HHQ�NZDUWLHUODQJHU�DFKWHU�GH�FRPSXWHU�GDQ�HHQ�OHHUOLQJ�YDQ�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ��'H�WRHQDPH�YDQ�KHWFRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�GRRU� OHHUOLQJHQ� OHLGW�RS�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�QLHW� WRW� H[WUD�FRPSXWHU�JHEUXLN�YDQ�OHUDUHQ�WHQ�EHKRHYH�YDQ�KXQ�OHVYRRUEHUHLGLQJ�
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
7DEHO ���2PYDQJ YDQ FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN GRRU OHUDUHQ HQ OHHUOLQJHQ YDQ JURHS �
KRHYHHOKHLG WLMG SHU ZHHN
&RPSXWHUJHEUXLN YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
YHUVFKLO YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ ²
DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
&RPSXWHUJHEUXLN LQ JURHS � ��� XXU �� XXU
&RPSXWHUJHEUXLN LQGLYLGXHOH
OHHUOLQJ JURHS � �� PLQ ��� PLQ
&RPSXWHUJHEUXLN GRRU OHHU�
NUDFKW JURHS � EHVWHHG DDQ
DQGHUH RQGHUZLMVWDNHQ GDQ
OHVJHYHQ ��� XXU � XXU
Locaties voor computergebruik
'H� UXLPHUH� PRJHOLMNKHGHQ� GLH� OHHUOLQJHQ� YDQ� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� KHEEHQ� RP� PHWFRPSXWHUV� WH� ZHUNHQ�� KDQJHQ� YRRUDO� VDPHQ� PHW� GH� YHHO� JURWHUH� EHVFKLNEDDUKHLG� YDQFRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU� RS� GH]H� VFKROHQ� �WDEHO� ������ %LMQD� GULHNZDUW� YDQ� GH� YRRUKRHGH�VFKROHQ�EHVFKLNW�RYHU�HHQ�FRPSXWHUUXLPWH�ZDDU�JHPLGGHOG����FRPSXWHUV�VWDDQ�RSJHVWHOG�'LW�LV�KHW�GXEEHOH�DDQWDO�FRPSXWHUV�YDQ�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�GLH�RYHU�HHQ�FRPSXWHUUXLPWHEHVFKLNNHQ�
7DEHO ���/RFDWLHV GLH ELM WHQPLQVWH GH KHOIW YDQ GH VFKROHQ ]LMQ XLWJHUXVW PHW FRPSXWHUV GLH OHHUOLQJHQ XLW JURHS �JHEUXLNHQ
YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
YHUVFKLO YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
² DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
/RFDWLH � VFKROHQ
DDQWDO
FRPSXWHUV � VFKROHQ
DDQWDO
FRPSXWHUV
3HUPDQHQW LQ NODVORNDDO �� ��� �� ����
'LUHFWLH�SHUVRQHHOVNDPHU �� ��� ��� ����
&RPSXWHUORNDDO�FHQWUDOH KDO �� ���� ��� ����
Computergebruik door leerlingen
'H� ERYHQVWDDQGH� YHUVFKLOOHQ� LQ� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� WXVVHQ� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� HQ� GHDQGHUH� EDVLVVFKROHQ� ZRUGHQ� EHYHVWLJG� GRRU� GH� JHJHYHQV� YDQ� GH� OHHUOLQJHQ�� 2SYRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� NRPHQ� PHHU� OHHUOLQJHQ� LQ� DDQUDNLQJ� PHW� YHUVFKLOOHQGH� FRPSXWHU�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�GDQ�RS�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ��WDEHO�������'H�YHUVFKLOOHQ�GLH�LQ�KRRIGVWXN���]LMQJHFRQVWDWHHUG� WXVVHQ� KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� YDQXLW� KHW� SHUVSHFWLHI� YDQ� GH� OHUDDU� HQ� KHWSHUVSHFWLHI�YDQ�GH�OHHUOLQJ��GLHQHQ�]LFK�LQ�YHUJHOLMNEDUH�PDWH�DDQ�ELM�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�'LW�ZLMVW�HU�RS�GDW�RRN�ELM�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�QLHW�DOOH�OHHUOLQJHQ�RS�GH]HOIGH�ZLM]H�HQ�LQGH]HOIGH�PDWH�JHEUXLN�PDNHQ�YDQ�,&7�
9RRUKRHGHVFKROHQ ��
7DEHO ���3HUFHQWDJH OHHUOLQJHQ GDW YDNHU GDQ WZHH NHHU SHU MDDU GH FRPSXWHU YRRU EHSDDOGH ,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ JHEUXLNW
SHUFHQWDJH OHHUOLQJHQ
&RPSXWHUJHEUXLN YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
YHUVFKLO YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ ²
DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
2HIHQHQ �� ���
7HNVW�ZHUNVWXN PDNHQ �� ���
,QIRUPDWLH YHU]DPHOHQ HQ
FRPPXQLFDWLH �� ���
7RHWVHQ � ��
6SHOOHWMHV �� ��
Typering van computergebruik
,Q�KRRIGVWXN���LV�YDVWJHVWHOG�GDW�KHW�LQYRHULQJVVWDGLXP�ELM�GH�SRSXODWLH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�LQ�GHSHULRGH� ����������QLHW� LV� YHUDQGHUG��:DQQHHU� JHNHNHQ�ZRUGW� QDDU� GH� W\SHULQJ� YDQ� KHWLQYRHULQJVVWDGLXP�GRRU�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ��GDQ�EOLMNW�GH]H�JURHS�VFKROHQ��VLJQLILFDQW�YHUGHU�WH�]LMQ�PHW�GH�LQYRHULQJ�YDQ�,&7�GDQ�GH�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ��WDEHO������
7DEHO ���,QYRHULQJVVWDGLXP YDQ ,&7 YROJHQV GH ,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU
YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
YHUVFKLO YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
² DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
,QYRHULQJVVWDGLXP � � JHHQ
JHEUXLN� ��� LQYRHULQJ
YHUJHYRUGHUG� �� ��
Computergebruik op school voor administratieve doeleinden
(YHQDOV� RS� DQGHUH� EDVLVVFKROHQ� JHEUXLNHQ� DOOH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� GH� FRPSXWHU� YRRUDGPLQLVWUDWLHYH� GRHOHLQGHQ� �WDEHO� ������ +HW� EHODQJULMNVWH� YHUVFKLO� WXVVHQ� GH� YRRUKRHGH�VFKROHQ�HQ�GH�RYHULJH� VFKROHQ�EHWUHIW�GH� LQ]HW� YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU� YRRU�GH� UHJLVWUDWLH� YDQOHHUOLQJYRUGHULQJHQ�� 7RHWVLQJ� HQ� OHHUZHJUHJLVWUDWLH� PHW� EHKXOS� YDQ� GH� FRPSXWHU� NRPW]RZHO�ELM�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�DOV�GH�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�UHODWLHI�ZHLQLJ�YRRU�
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
7DEHO ���3HUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ PHW FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN YRRU DGPLQLVWUDWLHYH GRHOHLQGHQ
&RPSXWHUJHEUXLN YRRU
DGPLQLVWUDWLHYH GRHOHLQGHQ YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
YHUVFKLO YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
² DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
/HHUOLQJJHJHYHQV� RSVODDQ YDQ
QDDP HQ DGUHVJHJHYHQV YDQ
OHHUOLQJHQ ��� ��
/HHUOLQJYROJV\VWHHP� UHJLVWUDWLH YDQ
UHVXOWDWHQ RS JHQRUPHHUGH
WRHWVHQ �� ���
/HHUNUDFKWJHERQGHQ JHJHYHQV�
UHJLVWUDWLH YDQ OHHUNUDFKW�
REVHUYDWLHV�
FLMIHUEHRRUGHOLQJHQ HQ
OHHUOLQJEHVSUHNLQJHQ
�� ���
7RHWVLQJ� DIQHPHQ YDQ WRHWVHQ
YLD GH FRPSXWHU HQ�RI
QRUPHUHQ YDQ WRHWVHQ �� ��
0RQLWRULQJ� YHUJHOLMNLQJ YDQ
UHVXOWDWHQ RS VFKRROQLYHDX
RYHU GH MDUHQ KHHQ �� ���
/HHUZHJUHJLVWUDWLH� LQ GH WLMG YDVW�
OHJJHQ YDQ OHHUVWRIRQGHUGHOHQ
GLH HHQ OHHUOLQJ KHHIW DIJHURQG
PHW ELMEHKRUHQGH UHVXOWDWHQ �� ��
8.2 ICT-infrastructuur
'H�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�YRUPHQ�QLHW�DOOHHQ�QDWLRQDDO�PDDU�RRN�LQWHUQDWLRQDDO�GH�YRRUKRHGHDOV�KHW�JDDW�RP�GH�EHVFKLNEDDUKHLG�YDQ�FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU��]LH�WDEHO������HQ�WDEHO�����LQKRRIGVWXN� ���� ,Q� YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW� DQGHUH� EDVLVVFKROHQ� EHVFKLNNHQ� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQRYHU� PHHU� FRPSXWHUV� HQ� LV� GH� DSSDUDWXXU� PRGHUQHU� �WDEHO� ������� 7HUZLMO� RS� HHQJHPLGGHOGH�EDVLVVFKRRO�GH�PHHVWH�FRPSXWHUV�PHW�HHQ�,QWHO�����SURFHVVRU�XLWJHUXVW�]LMQ�GRPLQHUHQ� RS� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� FRPSXWHUV� PHW� HHQ� NUDFKWLJHU� 3HQWLXP�SURFHVVRU�9HUGHU� EHVFKLNNHQ� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� RYHU� HHQ� JURWHUH� YDULsWHLW� DDQ� PRGHUQH� UDQG�DSSDUDWXXU� �WDEHO� ������� LV� YDNHU� HHQ� LQWHUQ� FRPSXWHUQHWZHUN� DDQZH]LJ� HQ� ]LMQ� PHHUFRPSXWHUV� DDQJHVORWHQ� RS� ,QWHUQHW� �WDEHO� ������� *HFRQFOXGHHUG� NDQ� ZRUGHQ� GDW� GHLQIUDVWUXFWXUHOH� ,&7�YRRU]LHQLQJHQ� RS� GH� YRRUKRHGH VFKROHQ� RS� WDO� YDQ� DVSHFWHQ� VWHUNYHUVFKLOOHQ�PHW�GLH�YDQ�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�
9RRUKRHGHVFKROHQ ��
7DEHO ����%HVFKLNEDDUKHLG YDQ FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU
%HVFKLNEDDUKHLG YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
YHUVFKLO YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
² DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
/HHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR WRWDDO
DDQWDO FRPSXWHUV �� ��
/HHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR YRRU
RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ �� ��
/HHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR YRRU
DGPLQLVWUDWLHYH GRHOHLQGHQ ��� ���
7DEHO ����7\SHQ FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU
7\SH
YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
� YDQ KHW WRWDDO DDQWDO
FRPSXWHUV
YHUVFKLO YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
² DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
,QWHO SURFHVVRU ������� �� ��
,QWHO SURFHVVRU ��� �� ���
3HQWLXP ���� RI KRJHU� �� ���
$SSOH�0DF 2SHUDWLQJ V\VWHHP � ��
2YHULJH� EY� 06;� 3����� &���
HWF� � �
7DEHO ����%HVFKLNEDDUKHLG YDQ UDQGDSSDUDWXXU
5DQGDSSDUDWXXU
YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
�
YHUVFKLO YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
² DQGHUH VFKROHQ
.OHXUHQSULQWHU �� ��
6FDQQHU �� ���
'LJLWDOH FDPHUD �� ���
&G�ZULWHU �� ���
6FKHUPSURMHFWLH DDQJHVWXXUG
GRRU HHQ FRPSXWHU �� ���
7DEHO ����1HWZHUNDDQVOXLWLQJHQ HQ PRJHOLMNKHGHQ YRRU H[WHUQH FRPPXQLFDWLH
YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
YHUVFKLO YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
² DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
.HQPHUN � VFKROHQ
DDQWDO
FRPSXWHUV � VFKROHQ
DDQWDO
FRPSXWHUV
$DQJHVORWHQ RS HHQ QHWZHUN
ELQQHQ GH VFKRRO �� �� ��� ���
7RHJDQJ WRW ,QWHUQHW�::: �� �� ��� ��
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
8.3 Onderwijsconcept
)LJXXU� ���� ODDW� ]LHQ� GDW� KHW� RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW� YDQ� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� �VLJQLILFDQW�YHUVFKLOW�PHW�GDW�YDQ�GH�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ��9RRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�KHEEHQ�PHHU�NHQPHUNHQ�YDQULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG�RQGHUZLMV�GDQ� DQGHUH� VFKROHQ�� ,Q� KRRIGVWXN� �� LV� ]LFKWEDDU� JHPDDNWGDW�VFKROHQ�PHW�YHHO�NHQPHUNHQ�YDQ�ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG�RQGHUZLMV�PHHU�RSEUHQJVWHQ�YDQ,&7�HUYDUHQ�GDQ�VFKROHQ�GLH�RYHUZHJHQG�XQLIRUP�NODVVLNDDO�RQGHUZLMV�JHYHQ��*HKHHO� LQRYHUHHQVWHPPLQJ�PHW�GH]H�HHUGHU�YDVWJHVWHOGH�VDPHQKDQJ�WXVVHQ�RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW�HQ�GHRSEUHQJVWHQ�YDQ�,&7�JHEUXLN� �]LH�RRN�7HQ�%UXPPHOKXLV���������HUYDUHQ�GH�YRRUKRHGH�VFKROHQ�PHHU�RSEUHQJVWHQ�YDQ�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�GDQ�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ�
)LJXXU ���9HUJHOLMNLQJ WXVVHQ RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW HQ GH ELMGUDJH YDQ FRPSXWHUV
8.4 Beleid
,Q�GH]H�UDSSRUWDJH�]LMQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7�YLHU�EHOHLGVJHELHGHQ�RQGHUVFKHLGHQ�� DGPLQLVWUDWLH�HQ�EHKHHU�� LQULFKWLQJ�RQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV�� FRPPXQLFDWLH�HQ�LQIRUPDWLHYRRU]LHQLQJ�� VFKROLQJ�HQ�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�9RRU� ]RZHO� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� DOV� GH� DQGHUH� VFKROHQ� ODDW� ILJXXU� ���� YRRU� GH]H� YLHUJHELHGHQ�HHQ�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�]LHQ�YDQ�GH�PDWH�ZDDULQ�EHOHLGVGRHOHQ�ZRUGHQ�QDJHVWUHHIG�HQ�GHPDWH�ZDDULQ� GH]H� ]LMQ� JHUHDOLVHHUG��9RRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� VWUHYHQ� YRRU� HON� YDQ� GH� EHOHLGV�JHELHGHQ� PHHU� GRHOHQ� QD�� 2RN� LV� GH� EHOHLGVUHDOLVDWLH� RS� HON� YDQ� GH� JHELHGHQ� YHUGHUJHYRUGHUG�� +HW� JURRWVWH� YHUVFKLO� GRHW� ]LFK� YRRU� RS� KHW� WHUUHLQ� YDQ� FRPPXQLFDWLH� HQLQIRUPDWLHYRRU]LHQLQJ��+LHUELM�OLJW�QLHW�DOOHHQ�KHW�DPELWLHQLYHDX�YDQ�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQYHHO�KRJHU��PDDU�LV�RRN�KHW�VWDGLXP�YDQ�XLWYRHULQJ�YHUGHU��(FKWHU��GH�GLVFUHSDQWLH�WXVVHQEHRRJG�HQ�JHUHDOLVHHUG�EHOHLG�LV�RS�GLW�JHELHG�ELM�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�KHW�JURRWVW��=RZHOGH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� DOV� GH� DQGHUH� VFKROHQ� VWUHYHQ� YHHO� GRHOHQ� QD� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQVFKROLQJ� HQ� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�� 2RN� RS� GLW� JHELHG� KHEEHQ� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� HHQ� YHHOJURWHU�GHHO�YDQ�GH�QDJHVWUHHIGH�GRHOHQ�JHUHDOLVHHUG�GDQ�GH�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ�
YRRUKRHGH�
VFKROHQ
DQGHUH
EDVLVVFKROHQ
XQLIRUP
�NODVVLNDD
OULMN�JHG
LIIHUHQWLHH
UG
RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW
YRRUKRHGH�
VFKROHQ
DQGHUH
EDVLVVFKROHQ
JURWH
ELMG
UDJHEHS
HUNWHELMG
UDJH
ELMGUDJH YDQ FRPSXWHUV
9RRUKRHGHVFKROHQ ��
)LJXXU ���3HUFHQWDJH QDJHVWUHHIGH HQ JHUHDOLVHHUGH ,&7�EHOHLGVGRHOHQ RS YLHU EHOHLGVJHELHGHQ
8.5 Investeringen
,Q� GH� XLWJDYHQ� YRRU� ,&7� EHVWDDQ� JURWH� YHUVFKLOOHQ� WXVVHQ� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� HQ� GHDQGHUH� VFKROHQ�� $DQ� DSSDUDWXXU� KHEEHQ� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� ELMYRRUEHHOG� DFKW� NHHU]RYHHO� JHOG� EHVWHHG� DOV� HHQ� JHPLGGHOGH� EDVLVVFKRRO� �WDEHO� ������� 9HUGHU� LV� GRRU� GHYRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�LQ�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�ELMQD�YLHU�PDDO�]RYHHO�EHVWHHGDDQ�VFKROLQJ�HQ� LV�KHW�GXEEHOH�EHGUDJ�XLWJHJHYHQ�DDQ�SHUVRQHHOVNRVWHQ�YRRU�EHKHHU�YDQDSSDUDWXXU�� 'LW� XLWJDYHQSDWURRQ� LV� JHKHHO� RYHUHHQNRPVWLJ� PHW� GH� NQHOSXQWHQ� GLHEDVLVVFKROHQ�LQ�KHW�DOJHPHHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7�HUYDUHQ��'LW�ZLMVW�HURS�GDW�GH�YRRU�KRHGHVFKROHQ� GH� ILQDQFLsOH� PLGGHOHQ� YRRUDO� KHEEHQ� LQJH]HW� RP� GH� EHODQJULMNVWH� NQHO�SXQWHQ�ZHJ�WH�QHPHQ��+LHUELM�SDVW�KHW�EHHOG�GDW�KHW�EHVWHGH�EHGUDJ�DDQ�SURJUDPPDWXXUUHODWLHI�JHULQJ�LV�
�
��
��
�
��
��
QDJHVWUHHIG EHOHLG JHUHDOLVHHUG EHOHLG�
��
��
��
��
���� EHOHLGVGRHOHQ DGPLQLVWUDWLH HQ EHKHHU
YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
)LJXXU ���D�
��
��
�
��
��
QDJHVWUHHIG EHOHLG JHUHDOLVHHUG EHOHLG�
��
��
��
��
���� EHOHLGVGRHOHQ LQULFKWLQJ RQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV
YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
)LJXXU ���E
�
��
��
�
��
��
QDJHVWUHHIG EHOHLG JHUHDOLVHHUG EHOHLG�
��
��
��
��
���� EHOHLGVGRHOHQ VFKROLQJ HQ RQGHUVWHXQLQJ
YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
)LJXXU ���G�
��
��
�
��
��
QDJHVWUHHIG EHOHLG JHUHDOLVHHUG EHOHLG�
��
��
��
��
���� EHOHLGVGRHOHQ FRPPXQLFDWLH� HQ LQIRUPDWLHYRRU]LHQLQJ
YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
)LJXXU ���F
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
7DEHO ����8LWJDYHQ SHU MDDU RS KHW JHELHG YDQ ,&7
5DQGDSSDUDWXXU YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
YHUVFKLO YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
² DQGHUH VFKROHQ
$SSDUDWXXU ¦ �������� � ¦ �������
3URJUDPPDWXXU ¦ ������ � ¦ ������
,&7�VFKROLQJ ¦ ������ � ¦ ������
2QGHUKRXGVNRVWHQ ¦ ������ � ¦ �����
3HUVRQHHOVNRVWHQ ¦ ������ � ¦ ������
2YHULJH NRVWHQ ¦ ������ � ¦ �����
8.6 Houding
'H� KRXGLQJ� YDQ� OHUDUHQ� WHQ� RS]LFKWH� YDQ� ,&7�JHEUXLN� YHUVFKLOW� �VLJQLILFDQW�� YDQ� GHKRXGLQJ�GLH� OHUDUHQ�RS�DQGHUH� VFKROHQ� WHQ�DDQ]LHQ�YDQ� ,&7�KHEEHQ� �ILJXXU�������2S�GHYRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� HUYDUHQ�PHHU� OHUDUHQ� SRVLWLHYH� YHUDQGHULQJHQ� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� KHWOHHUSURFHV�� GH� YRUGHULQJHQ� YDQ� OHHUOLQJHQ� HQ� GH� FRPPXQLFDWLH�� 'H]H� YHUVFKLOOHQ� ]LMQRSPHUNHOLMN�ZDQQHHU�LQ�RJHQVFKRXZ�ZRUGW�JHQRPHQ�GDW�GH�KRXGLQJ�ELM�GH�DQGHUH�EDVLV�VFKROHQ� LQ� ����� LHWV� PLQGHU� SRVLWLHI� LV� GDQ� KHW� MDDU� GDDUYRRU�� .HQQHOLMN� ]LMQ� HU� ELM� GHYRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� FRQGLWLHV� DDQZH]LJ� ZDDUGRRU� OHUDUHQ� YDNHU� GDQ� RS� DQGHUH� VFKROHQSRVLWLHYH�YHUDQGHULQJHQ�WHQ�JHYROJH�YDQ�,&7�HUYDUHQ��:HOOLFKW�LV�RRN�YDQ�LQYORHG�GDW�GHPRJHOLMNKHGHQ�YDQ�,&7�PHHU�WRW�KXQ�UHFKW�NRPHQ�ELQQHQ�GH�ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUGH�RQGHU�ZLMVDDQSDN�GLH�HHQ�EHODQJULMN�NHQPHUN�YDQ�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�LV�
)LJXXU ���3HUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ GDW WHQ JHYROJH YDQ ,&7�JHEUXLN SRVLWLHYH YHUDQGHULQJHQ HUYDDUW RSYHUVFKLOOHQGH DVSHFWHQ YDQ RQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV
,Q�WHJHQVWHOOLQJ�WRW�GH�YHUVFKLOOHQ�LQ�GH�KRXGLQJ�YDQ�OHUDUHQ��LV�GH�KRXGLQJ�YDQ�OHHUOLQJHQWHQ�RS]LFKWH�YDQ�,&7�ELM�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�YULMZHO�JHOLMN�DDQ�GLH�YDQ�GH�OHHUOLQJHQ�RSDQGHUH�VFKROHQ��ILJXXU������
�
��
��
��
�
��
��
��
OHHUSURFHVVHQ OHHUOLQJYRUGHULQJHQ FRPPXQLFDWLH�
��
��
��
��
���� OHUDUHQ
YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
9RRUKRHGHVFKROHQ ��
)LJXXU ���+RXGLQJ YDQ OHHUOLQJHQ WHQ RS]LFKWH YDQ ,&7
8.7 Kennis en vaardigheden
2S�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�EHVFKLNNHQ�GH�OHUDUHQ�RYHU�PHHU�NHQQLV�HQ�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�GDQ�RSDQGHUH�VFKROHQ��ILJXXU�������'H�YHUVFKLOOHQ�]LMQ�KHW�JURRWVW�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�RQGHUZLMV�NXQGLJ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN��%LM�JHPLGGHOG�����YDQ�GH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�LV�PHHU�GDQ�GH�KHOIW�YDQGH� OHUDUHQ� LQ� VWDDW� RP� GH� FRPSXWHU� LQ� RQGHUZLMVVLWXDWLHV� WH� JHEUXLNHQ� WHUZLMO� GLW� ELMGULHNZDUW� YDQ�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�KHW� JHYDO� LV��.HQQLV�RYHU� KHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ�PRGHUQHWHFKQRORJLH�LV�RRN�RS�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�QRJ�PDDU�]HHU�EHSHUNW�DDQZH]LJ�
)LJXXU ���3HUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ ZDDUELM PHHU GDQ GH KHOIW YDQ GH OHUDUHQ EHVFKLNW RYHU NHQQLV HQ YDDUGLJKHGHQRS KHW JHELHG YDQ ,&7
��
��
��
��
��
��
�
��
�
��
RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJ JHEUXLN
PRGHUQH WHFKQRORJLH
YRUGHULQJHQUHJLVWUDWLH
VSHFLDOLVWHQNHQQLV
DOJHPHQH FRPSXWHUYDDUGLJKHGHQ
� �� �� �� �� ���
SHUFHQWDJH EDVLVVFKROHQ
YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
�
����
��
�
����
��
SOH]LHU UHOHYDQWLH RXGHUV�
��
��
��
��
���� OHHUOLQJHQ
YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
%LM� OHHUOLQJHQ� ]LMQ� HU� QDXZHOLMNV� YHUVFKLOOHQ� LQ� FRPSXWHUYDDUGLJKHGHQ� WXVVHQ� GHYRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� HQ� GH� RYHULJH� VFKROHQ� �ILJXXU� ������ 'H]H� EHYLQGLQJ� VOXLW� DDQ� ELM� GHUHVXOWDWHQ� XLW� GH� HHUVWH�PHWLQJ��'DDUXLW� LV� QDDU� YRUHQ� JHNRPHQ� GDW� GH� LQYORHG� YDQ� KHWFRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� WKXLV� RS� GH� NHQQLV� HQ� YDDUGLJKHGHQ� YDQ� OHHUOLQJHQ�� JURWHU� LV� GDQ� GHLQYORHG�YDQ�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�RS�VFKRRO��7HQ�%UXPPHOKXLV��������
)LJXXU ���&RPSXWHUNHQQLV HQ YDDUGLJKHGHQ YDQ OHHUOLQJHQ
8.8 Ondersteuning
'H� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� HUYDUHQ� ELM� GH� LQYRHULQJ� YDQ� ,&7� RS� DOOH� JHELHGHQ� PHHURQGHUVWHXQLQJ�GDQ�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ� �WDEHO��������+HW�PHHVW�RSYDOOHQGH�YHUVFKLO� LV� GHPDWH� ZDDULQ� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� HUYDUHQ� YDQ� GH� RYHUKHLG�� +HW� EHWUHIWQLHW� DOOHHQ� HHQ� UXLPHUH� ILQDQFLsOH� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� PDDU� RRN� PHHU� EHJHOHLGLQJ�� ,QWHJHQVWHOOLQJ�WRW�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�KHEEHQ�GH�PHHVWH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHGYDQ� VFKROLQJ� HQ� EHJHOHLGLQJ� FRQWDFW� PHW� HHQ� RQGHUZLMVEHJHOHLGLQJVGLHQVW�� 2YHUOHJ� PHWFROOHJDV� YDQ� DQGHUH� VFKROHQ� LV� RS� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� YDQ� PLQGHU� EHWHNHQLV� GDQ� RSDQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
VSHO
WHNVW
WHNHQHQ
H�PDLO
,QWHUQHW
� �� �� �� �� ���
SHUFHQWDJH OHHUOLQJHQ
YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
9RRUKRHGHVFKROHQ ��
7DEHO ����2QGHUVWHXQLQJ GRRU JURHSHULQJHQ RS YHUVFKLOOHQGH JHELHGHQ YDQ KHW ,&7�LQYRHULQJVSURFHV
YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
YHUVFKLO YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
² DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
*URHSHULQJ ILQDQFLHHO
VFKROLQJ
EHJHOHLGLQJ
RYHULJH
ILQDQFLHHO
VFKROLQJ
EHJHOHLGLQJ
RYHULJH
2YHUKHLG �� �� �� �� ��� ��� ��� ���
/RNDDO EHVWXXU �� �� �� �� �� �� �� ���
&ROOHJLDDO HQ LQIRUPHHO QHWZHUN � �� �� �� �� �� ��� ��
/DQGHOLMNH RQGHUZLMV�
RQGHUVWHXQHQGH LQVWHOOLQJHQ � � � �� �� � �� ��
/RNDOH EHJHOHLGLQJVGLHQVW � �� �� � � ��� ��� ��
9DNYHUHQLJLQJHQ � � �� �� � � �� ���
$QGHUH RQGHUZLMVLQVWHOOLQJHQ � �� �� �� �� �� ��� ��
,7� RQGHUZLMV EHGULMIVOHYHQ �� � �� �� �� �� ��� �
727$$/ SHUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ
PHW RQGHUVWHXQLQJ �� �� �� �� ��� ��� ��� ��
'H� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� ]LMQ� DPELWLHXV� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� ,&7� HQ� KHEEHQ� RS� GH� PHHVWHDVSHFWHQ�YDQ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�PHHU�JHUHDOLVHHUG�GDQ�GH�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ��ILJXXU������+RHZHO� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� PHHU� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� KHEEHQ� RQWYDQJHQ� YDQ� 2%'V� HQ3$%2V� LV� KHW� RSPHUNHOLMN� GDW� MXLVW� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� PLQGHU� SRVLWLHI� RYHU� GHVFKROLQJV�� HQ� EHJHOHLGLQJVFDSDFLWHLWHQ� YDQ� GH� 2%'� HQ� 3$%2� RRUGHOHQ� GDQ� GH� RYHULJHVFKROHQ��+LHUXLW�NRPW�KHW�EHHOG�QDDU�YRUHQ�GDW�VFKROHQ�GH�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�YDQ�GH� 2%'�HQGH�3$%2�DOV�PLQGHU�DGHTXDDW�HUYDUHQ�QDDUPDWH�VFKROHQ�PHHU�YRUGHULQJHQ�PDNHQ�ELM�GHLQYRHULQJ� YDQ� ,&7� HQ� PHHU� DVSHFWHQ� YDQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� YDQ� GH� WRHNRPVW� UHDOLVHUHQ�*HFRQFOXGHHUG�NDQ�ZRUGHQ�GDW� 2%'�QRFK� 3$%2�GRRU�KHW�PHUHQGHHO� YDQ�GH� VFKROHQZRUGW�JH]LHQ�DOV�HHQ�UHOHYDQWH�SDUWQHU�ELM�KHW�YHUNHQQHQ�YDQ�GH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ�GLH�,&7�WHELHGHQ�KHHIW�
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
)LJXXU ���0DWH ZDDULQ VFKROHQ GH 2%' HQ 3$%2 WRHJHUXVW DFKWHQ RP LQ GH WRHNRPVW RQGHUVWHXQLQJ WHELHGHQ ELM GH YHUGHUH LQYRHULQJ YDQ ,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ
8.9 Knelpunten en behoeften
Knelpunten
9RRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� HUYDUHQ� ELM� GH� LQYRHULQJ� HQ� KHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� ,&7� LQ� PLQGHUH� PDWHNQHOSXQWHQ� GDQ� DQGHUH� VFKROHQ� �ILJXXU� ������ 'H� EHVFKLNEDDUKHLG� YDQ� DSSDUDWXXU� HQ� GHNHQQLV�HQ�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�YDQ�OHUDUHQ�]LMQ�YROJHQV�GH�,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU�PLQGHU�JURWH�EHOHP�PHULQJHQ�YRRU�GH�LQYRHULQJ�YDQ�,&7�GDQ�ELM�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ��'DDU�VWDDW�WHJHQRYHU�GDW�KHWJHEUHN� DDQ� JHVFKLNWH� SURJUDPPDWXXU� ELM� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� YHHO� YDNHU� DOV� HHQ� JURRWNQHOSXQW�ZRUGW�HUYDUHQ��9RRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�JHYHQ�GDQ�RRN�YDNHU�GDQ�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ�DDQGDW� ]LM� EHKRHIWH� KHEEHQ� DDQ� XLWEUHLGLQJ� YDQ� KXQ� SURJUDPPDWXXU�� 'LW� YHUVFKLMQVHORQGHUVWHXQW� GH� HHUGHUH� FRQFOXVLH� GDW� HON� LQYRHULQJVVWDGLXP� JHNHQPHUNW� ZRUGW� GRRUVSHFLILHNH�EHKRHIWHQ�YRRU�KHW�YHUGHUH�LQYRHULQJVSURFHV��9RRU�]RZHO�GH�YRRUKRHGH VFKROHQDOV� GH� DQGHUH� VFKROHQ� ]LMQ� VFKRRORUJDQLVDWRULVFKH� DVSHFWHQ� YDQ� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� HHQEHODQJULMN�NQHOSXQW��+LHUWRH�EHKRUHQ�]RZHO�GH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ�YDQ�OHUDUHQ�RP�QDVFKROLQJWH� NXQQHQ� YROJHQ�� ,&7�ULMNH� OHHUVLWXDWLHV� YRRU� WH� EHUHLGHQ� DOV� GH� EHVFKLN EDDUKHLG� YDQWHFKQLVFKH�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�YRRU�KHW�EHKHHU�HQ�RQGHUKRXG�YDQ�GH�DSSDUDWXXU�
2%' 3$%2�
��
��
��
���
YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
]HHUJRHG
JRHG
PDWLJ
VOHFKW
]HHUVOHFKW
9RRUKRHGHVFKROHQ ��
)LJXXU ���*HPLGGHOGH RPYDQJ YDQ NQHOSXQWHQ SHU DDQGDFKWVJHELHG
Behoeften aan programmatuur
,Q� ILJXXU� ���� LV� ]LFKWEDDU� JHPDDNW� GDW� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� HQ� DQGHUH� VFKROHQ� LQ� KXQRQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW�YDQ�HONDDU�YHUVFKLOOHQ��9RRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�KHEEHQ�PHHU�NHQPHUNHQ�YDQULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG� RQGHUZLMV� GDQ� DQGHUH� VFKROHQ�� 'H� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� ZHQVHQSURJUDPPDWXXU�GLH� DDQVOXLW�RS�KXQ�RQGHUZLMVLQULFKWLQJ��=LM� YLQGHQ�KHW� EHODQJULMNHU� GDQDQGHUH� EDVLVVFKROHQ� GDW� SURJUDPPDWXXU� UHNHQLQJ� KRXGW� PHW� SODQQLQJ� YDQ� LQGLYLGXHOHOHHUZHJHQ�YRRU� OHHUOLQJHQ�HQ�GDW�GH�YRUGHULQJHQ�YDQ�GH� OHHUOLQJHQ�GRRU�GH�SURJUDPPD�WXXU�ZRUGHQ� JHUHJLVWUHHUG� �WDEHO� �������2RN� KHFKWHQ� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�PHHU� EHODQJDDQ�WRHWVLQJ�HQ�IHHGEDFN�LQ�RQGHUZLMVSURJUDPPDWXXU��7HUZLMO�KHW�RHIHQHQ�YDQ�OHHUVWRI�ELMGH� DQGHUH� VFKROHQ� YHUXLW� KHW�PHHVW� EHODQJULMNH� NHQPHUN� LV� YDQ� QLHXZH� SURJUDPPDWXXU�NLH]HQ� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� VWHUNHU� GDQ� GH� DQGHUH� VFKROHQ� YRRU� GH� LQWHJUDWLH� YDQYHUVFKLOOHQGH�DVSHFWHQ�YDQ�KHW�OHHUSURFHV�LQ�ppQ�SURJUDPPD�
7DEHO ����$VSHFWHQ YDQ KHW RQGHUZLMVOHHUSURFHV GLH YROJHQV OHHUNUDFKWHQ GRRU QLHXZH SURJUDPPDWXXU RQGHUVWHXQGPRHWHQ ZRUGHQ
SHUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ
5DQGDSSDUDWXXU YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
YHUVFKLO YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
² DQGHUH VFKROHQ
2HIHQHQ YDQ OHHUVWRI �� ��
5HJLVWUHUHQ YDQ YRUGHULQJHQ �� ���
7RHWVLQJ YDQ YRUGHULQJHQ �� ��
3ODQQLQJ LQGLYLGXHOH OHHUZHJ �� ���
,QVWUXFWLH DDQ OHHUOLQJHQ �� ��
)HHGEDFN �DQDO\VH HQ GLDJQRVH� �� ��
/HVYRRUEHUHLGLQJ �� ��
DSSDUDWXXU SURJUDPPDWXXU NHQQLV HQ YDDUGLJKHGHQ RUJDQLVDWLH RYHULJH�
��
���JHPLGGHOGH RPYDQJ YDQ NQHOSXQWHQ
YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
NHQQLV HQYDDUGLJKHGHQ
JURRW
NOHLQ
JHHQ
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
Scholingsbehoeften van leraren
'H� VFKROLQJVEHKRHIWH� GLH� OHUDUHQ� RS� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� HUYDUHQ� LV� RS� DOOH� JHELHGHQJURWHU�GDQ�RS�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ��WDEHO��������'LW�LV�HHQ�RSPHUNHOLMN�JHJHYHQ�RPGDW�MXLVW�GHYRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�RS�GLW�JHELHG�LQ� UXLPHUH�PDWH�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�KHEEHQ�JHKDG� �]LH� WDEHO������� 0RJHOLMN� LV� GH]H� RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� YRRUDO� JHULFKW� JHZHHVW� RS� GH� ,&7�FR|UGLQDWRURPGDW� GH]H� LQ� NHQQLV� HQ� YDDUGLJKHGHQ� PLQGHU� NQHOSXQWHQ� HUYDDUW� GDQ� GH� ,&7�FR|UGLQDWRUHQ�YDQ�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ��ILJXXU�������7HJHOLMNHUWLMG�JHHIW�GH�,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU�YDQGH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� DDQ� GDW� GH� RUJDQLVDWLH� YDQ� VFKROLQJ� ppQ� YDQ� GH� JURRWVWH� EHOHP�PHULQJHQ�YRUPW��'H�DDQZH]LJKHLG�YDQ�PRGHUQH�DSSDUDWXXU�HQ�GH�VWDWXV�YDQ�YRRUKRHGH�VFKRRO�KHHIW�GH� OHUDUHQ�YDQ�GH]H� VFKROHQ�PRJHOLMN�QRJ�PHHU�GDQ�GH� OHUDUHQ� YDQ� DQGHUHVFKROHQ�EHZXVW�JHPDDNW�YDQ�GH�QRRG]DDN�WRW�YHUGHUH�VFKROLQJ�
7DEHO ����6FKROLQJVEHKRHIWHQ YDQ OHUDUHQ
SHUFHQWDJH OHUDUHQ
.HQQLV HQ YDDUGLJKHGHQ YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
YHUVFKLO YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ ²
DQGHUH VFKROHQ
2QGHUZLMVNXQGLJ JHEUXLN �� ��
0RGHUQH WHFKQRORJLH �� ���
$OJHPHHQ FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN �� ��
8.10 Toekomstbeeld
'H�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�HQ�GH�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�KHEEHQ�HHQ�]HOIGH�WRHNRPVWEHHOG�YRRURJHQ�ZDW�EHWUHIW�GH�LQULFKWLQJ�YDQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV��'H�YHUZDFKWLQJ�LV�GDW�LQ�GH�WRHNRPVW�ELMGH� LQULFKWLQJ� YDQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� PHHU� UHNHQLQJ� ]DO� ZRUGHQ� JHKRXGHQ� PHW� YHUVFKLOOHQWXVVHQ� OHHUOLQJHQ�� .HQPHUNHQ� YDQ� XQLIRUP�NODVVLNDDO� RQGHUZLMV� ]XOOHQ� LQ� EHWHNHQLVDIQHPHQ�� +HW� EHODQJULMNVWH� YHUVFKLO� WXVVHQ� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� HQ� GH� DQGHUH� VFKROHQEHWUHIW� GH� VLWXDWLH� ZDDULQ� ]LM� ]LFK� PRPHQWHHO� EHYLQGHQ�� 'H� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� KHEEHQPRPHQWHHO� �VLJQLILFDQW��PHHU�NHQPHUNHQ�YDQ� ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG�RQGHUZLMV� JHUHDOLVHHUGHQ�]LM�PDNHQ�LQWHQVLHYHU�JHEUXLN�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV��ILJXXU��������*HFRQFOXGHHUG�NDQ�ZRUGHQGDW� ]RZHO�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� DOV� GH� DQGHUH� VFKROHQ� LQ� GH� WRHNRPVW� HHQ� YHUJHOLMNEDUHLQULFKWLQJ�YDQ�RQGHUZLMV�QDVWUHYHQ�PDDU�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�PRPHQWHHO�PHHU�DVSHFWHQYDQ�GLW�RQGHUZLMV�KHEEHQ�JHUHDOLVHHUG�GDQ�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ�
9RRUKRHGHVFKROHQ ��
)LJXXU ����
QX WRHNRPVW�
��
���EHWHNHQLV YDQ NHQPHUNHQ YHUZLM]HQG QDDU XQLIRUP�NODVVLNDDO RQGHUZLMV
YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
HUJEHODQJULMN
HQLJV]LQVEHODQJULMN
QLHWEHODQJULMN
)LJXXU ����D
QX WRHNRPVW�
��
���EHWHNHQLV YDQ NHQPHUNHQ YHUZLM]HQG QDDU ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG RQGHUZLMV
YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
HUJEHODQJULMN
HQLJV]LQVEHODQJULMN
QLHWEHODQJULMN
)LJXXU ����E
QX WRHNRPVW�
��
���EHWHNHQLV YDQ FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN
YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ DQGHUH EDVLVVFKROHQ
HUJ
EHODQJULMN
HQLJV]LQVEHODQJULMN
QLHW
EHODQJULMN
)LJXXU ����F
�� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
2QWZLNNHOLQJHQ GLH OHUDUHQ YHUZDFKWHQ WHQ DDQ]LHQ YDQ GH LQULFKWLQJ YDQ KHW HLJHQ RQGHUZLMV
9RRUKRHGHVFKROHQ ��
'H� EHVFKLNEDUH� JHJHYHQV� JHYHQ� DDQOHLGLQJ� WH� YHURQGHUVWHOOHQ� GDW� ]LFK� YRRUDOYRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�KHEEHQ�DDQJHPHOG�F�T��]LMQ�JHVHOHFWHHUG�GLH�JHNHQPHUNW�ZRUGHQ�GRRUULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG�RQGHUZLMV��*HOHW�RS�GH�EHSHUNWH�WLMG�WXVVHQ�GH�VHOHFWLH�YDQ�GH�YRRU�KRHGHVFKROHQ� HQ� GH� JHJHYHQVYHU]DPHOLQJ� LV� KHW� QLHW� DDQQHPHOLMN� GDW� GH� LQULFKWLQJVNHQ�PHUNHQ�YDQ�GH]H�VFKROHQ� LQ�HHQ�NRUWH� WLMG� �PLQGHU�GDQ��� MDDU�� LQJULMSHQG�]LMQ�JHZLM]LJG�9HUGHU� ODWHQ� GH� JHJHYHQV� XLW� ]RZHO� GH� YRRUOLJJHQGH� DOV� GH� YRULJH�PHWLQJ� YDQ� GH� ,&7�PRQLWRU� �7HQ� %UXPPHOKXLV�� ������ ]LHQ�� GDW� YRRUDO� VFKROHQ� PHW� ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUGRQGHUZLMV�SURILWHUHQ�YDQ�GH�SRWHQWLsOH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ�GLH�,&7�WH�ELHGHQ�KHHIW��+HW�OLJW�GDQRRN� YRRU� GH� KDQG� GDW� PHW� QDPH� GH]H� JURHS� VFKROHQ� ]LFK� KHHIW� DDQJHPHOG� DOV� YRRU�KRHGHVFKRRO��'LW�EHWHNHQW�GDW�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�DO�YDQ�PHHW�DI�DDQ�RYHU�NHQPHUNHQEHVFKLNNHQ� GLH� YHUVFKLOOHQ� YDQ� GH� PHHVWH� DQGHUH� EDVLVVFKROHQ�� 'H� UHVXOWDWHQ� YDQ� GHYRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�]LMQ�GDDURP�QLHW�]RQGHU�PHHU�WH�JHQHUDOLVHUHQ�QDDU�DOOH�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ�+HW�ELM]RQGHUH�YDQ�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�LV�GDW�GH]H�JURHS�VFKROHQ�PRJHOLMN�]LFKWEDDU�NDQPDNHQ� LQ� KRHYHUUH� HHQ� IRUVH� ILQDQFLsOH� LQMHFWLH� KHW� LQYRHULQJVSURFHV� YDQ� ,&7� NDQYHUVQHOOHQ� ELM� VFKROHQ� GLH� YHHO� NHQPHUNHQ� YHUWRQHQ� YDQ� ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG� RQGHUZLMV�0HW� KHW� YHUZHUYHQ� YDQ� GH� VWDWXV� YRRUKRHGHVFKRRO� KHEEHQ� GH]H� VFKROHQ� PRJHOLMN� GHILQDQFLsOH�PLGGHOHQ�YHUZRUYHQ�RP�GH�XLWYRHULQJ�YDQ�HHQ�EHRRJGH�RI�UHHGV�LQ�JDQJ�JH]HWWHYHUDQGHULQJ� LQ�HHQ�VWURRPYHUVQHOOLQJ� WH�EUHQJHQ��0HW�KHW�RRJ�RS� LQQRYDWLHVWUDWHJLHsQ� LVKHW� LQWHUHVVDQW� RP�QD� WH� JDDQ�ZDW� GH� GXXU]DDPKHLG� LV� YDQ� GH� YHUDQGHULQJHQ� GLH� RQGHUGHUJHOLMNH� FRQGLWLHV� WRW� VWDQG� NRPHQ�� 'H]H� YUDDJ� GULQJW� ]LFK� PHW� QDPH� RS�� RPGDW� GHYRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� LQ� NRUWH� WLMG� YHHO� KHEEHQ� JHwQYHVWHHUG� LQ� GH� DDQVFKDI� YDQ� ,&7�PDWHULDOHQ� WHUZLMO� GH� EHKRHIWH� DDQ� NHQQLV� HQ� YDDUGLJKHGHQ� YDQ� OHUDUHQ� JURWHU� LV� GDQ� RSDQGHUH�VFKROHQ��,Q�HON�JHYDO� ODWHQ�GH]H�JHJHYHQV�]LHQ�GDW�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�PRJHOLMNHHQ� YRRUKRHGH� ]LMQ�ZDW� EHWUHIW� GH� RSYDWWLQJHQ� RYHU� GH� LQULFKWLQJ� YDQ� RQGHUZLMV� HQ� GHEHVFKLNEDDUKHLG� YDQ� ,&7�PDWHULDOHQ�� PDDU� QHW� DOV� GH� DQGHUH� VFKROHQ� HUYDUHQ� ]LMSUREOHPHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�GHVNXQGLJKHLGVEHYRUGHULQJ�
'H� WUHQGV�ZDDU�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� LQ�GH� WRHNRPVW�YHHO� YDQ�YHUZDFKWHQ� NRPHQ�RYHUHHQPHW�GH�YHUZDFKWLQJHQ�YDQ�GH�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ��WDEHO��������:DW�RSYDOW�LV�GH�JURWH�PDWHYDQ�RYHUHHQVWHPPLQJ�WXVVHQ�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�RYHU�GH�RQWZLNNHOLQJHQ�GLH�DOV�EHODQJ�ULMN�ZRUGHQ�HUYDUHQ�YRRU�KHW�HLJHQ�RQGHUZLMV��+HW�JURRWVWH�YHUVFKLO�WXVVHQ�GH�YRRUKRHGH�VFKROHQ� HQ� GH� DQGHUH� EDVLVVFKROHQ� EHWUHIW� KHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� H�PDLO� GRRU� OHHUOLQJHQ� YRRURQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ�� 7HUZLMO� PLQGHU� GDQ� GH� KHOIW� YDQ� GH� QLHW�YRRUKRHGH� EDVLVVFKROHQSRVLWLHYH� YHUZDFKWLQJHQ� KHHIW� RYHU� GH� EHWHNHQLV� YDQ� H�PDLO�� KHHIW� ���� YDQ� GHYRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�SRVLWLHYH� YHUZDFKWLQJHQ�RYHU� KHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� H�PDLO� GRRU� OHHUOLQJHQ�0RJHOLMN� KHHIW� GLW� YHUVFKLO� WH� PDNHQ� PHW� GH� PDWH� ZDDULQ� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� ]LFKWKHEEHQ� RS� GH� PRJHOLMNKHGHQ� GLH� ,&7� WH� ELHGHQ� KHHIW�� 6OHFKWV� ��� YDQ� GH� YRRUKRHGH�VFKROHQ�JHHIW�DDQ�VOHFKW�RS�GH�KRRJWH�WH�]LMQ�YDQ�GH�SRWHQWLsOH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ�YDQ�,&7��%LMGH�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�YLQGW�����GDW�]LM�VOHFKW�JHwQIRUPHHUG�]LMQ�RYHU�GH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQGLH�,&7�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�WH�ELHGHQ�KHHIW�
��� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
7DEHO ����,&7�WUHQGV ZDDUYDQ VFKROHQ YHHO YHUZDFKWHQ YRRU KHW HLJHQ RQGHUZLMV
SHUFHQWDJH VFKROHQ
,&7�WUHQGV YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
YHUVFKLO
YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ
² DQGHUH VFKROHQ
,QWHUQHW�::: �� ���
PXOWLPHGLDWRHSDVVLQJHQ �� ���
.HQQLVQHW �� ���
H�PDLO JHEUXLN GRRU OHHUOLQJHQ �� ���
OHHUOLQJYROJV\VWHHP �� ��
HOHNWURQLVFK DDQELHGHQ YDQ OHHUVWRI �� ���
8.11 Samenvatting
� +HW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� RS� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� ZRUGW� LQ� YHUJHOLMNLQJ� PHW� DQGHUHEDVLVVFKROHQ� JHNHQPHUNW� GRRU� HHQ� JURWHUH� EHVFKLNEDDUKHLG� YDQ� FRPSXWHUV�� PHHUOHUDUHQ� GLH� GDJHOLMNV� JHEUXLN�PDNHQ� YDQ� FRPSXWHUV� HQ� UXLPHUH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ� YRRUOHHUOLQJHQ�RP�PHW�FRPSXWHUV�WH�ZHUNHQ�
� 9RRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�KHEEHQ� LQ�KHW� DIJHORSHQ� MDDU�RQJHYHHU� DFKW� NHHU� ]RYHHO� JHOG� DDQDSSDUDWXXU�XLWJHJHYHQ�GDQ�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ�
� (pQ� YDQ� GH� EHODQJULMNVWH� YHUVFKLOOHQ� WXVVHQ� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� HQ� DQGHUH� VFKROHQEHWUHIW�GH� LQULFKWLQJ�YDQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV��9RRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�KHEEHQ�PHHU�NHQPHUNHQYDQ� ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG� RQGHUZLMV� GDQ� DQGHUH� VFKROHQ�� %LM� ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUGRQGHUZLMV� HUYDUHQ� VFKROHQ� RYHU� KHW� DOJHPHHQ� PHHU� RSEUHQJVWHQ� YDQ� ,&7� GDQ� ELMXQLIRUP�NODVVLNDDO� RQGHUZLMV�� 'LW� EHHOG� ZRUGW� EHYHVWLJG� GRRU� GH� UHVXOWDWHQ� YDQ� GHYRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� GLH� YROJHQV� YHUZDFKWLQJ�PHHU� RSEUHQJVWHQ� YDQ� ,&7� HUYDUHQ� GDQJHPLGGHOG�ELM�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ�KHW�JHYDO�LV�
� +HW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�,&7�YRRU�KHW�RS]RHNHQ�YDQ�JHJHYHQV�HQ�KHW�PDNHQ�YDQ�ZHUNVWXNNHQNRPW�RS�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�YDNHU�YRRU�GDQ�RS�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ�
� 'H� OHHUOLQJHQ� YDQ� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� ]LMQ� ]RZHO� LQ� KXQ� ,&7�YDDUGLJKHGHQ� DOV� KXQKRXGLQJ�WHQ�RS]LFKWH�YDQ�,&7��JHOLMN�DDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�YDQ�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�
� /HUDUHQ�YDQ�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�RRUGHOHQ�SRVLWLHYHU�RYHU�,&7�GDQ� OHUDUHQ�YDQ�DQGHUHVFKROHQ�
� +RHZHO� YHHO� PHHU� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� GDQ� DQGHUH� EDVLVVFKROHQ� ELM� GH� LQYRHULQJ� YDQ,&7�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�KHEEHQ�RQWYDQJHQ�YDQ�RQGHUZLMVEHJHOHLGLQJVGLHQVWHQ��YLQGHQ�YHHOVFKROHQ�GDW�GH�ORNDOH�RI�UHJLRQDOH�EHJHOHLGLQJVGLHQVW�RQYROGRHQGH�LV�WRHJHUXVW�RP�GHVFKRRO�LQ�GH�WRHNRPVW�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7�QDDU�ZHQV�WH�NXQQHQ�RQGHUVWHXQHQ��,QQRJ�VWHUNHUH�PDWH�KHEEHQ�GH�VFKROHQ�GLW�EHHOG�YDQ�GH�3$%2V�
� 9RRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�KHEEHQ�RYHU�KHW�DOJHPHHQ�PLQGHU�NQHOSXQWHQ�GDQ�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ�(U� LV� ppQ�NQHOSXQW�GDW�RS�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� DOV� HHQ�JURWHUH� EHOHPPHULQJ�ZRUGWHUYDUHQ�GDQ�RS�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ��+HW�EHWUHIW�KHW� WHNRUW�DDQ�EUXLNEDUH�SURJUDPPDWXXUGLH�DIJHVWHPG�LV�RS�HHQ�RQGHUZLMVEHQDGHULQJ�ZDDUELM�]RYHHO�PRJHOLMN�UHNHQLQJ�ZRUGWJHKRXGHQ�PHW�YHUVFKLOOHQ�WXVVHQ�OHHUOLQJHQ��1LHXZH�SURJUDPPDWXXU�PRHW�YROJHQV�GHYRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�PHW�QDPH�GH�YRUGHULQJHQ�YDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�UHJLVWUHUHQ�HQ�GH�PRJHOLMN�KHLG�EHYDWWHQ�RP�LQGLYLGXHOH�OHHUZHJHQ�WH�SODQQHQ�
9RRUKRHGHVFKROHQ ���
� +HW�WRHNRPVWEHHOG�YDQ�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�YHUVFKLOW�QLHW�PHW�GH�YHUZDFKWLQJHQ�YDQDQGHUH� VFKROHQ�� 9RRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� YHUVFKLOOHQ� ZHO� YDQ� DQGHUH� VFKROHQ� LQ� KHWLQYRHULQJVVWDGLXP�� 'LW� JHOGW� ]RZHO� LQ� GH� UHDOLVDWLH� YDQ� HHQ� PHHU� JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUGHRQGHUZLMVEHQDGHULQJ�DOV�GH�LQ]HW�YDQ�,&7�
� (HQ� EHODQJULMNH� RYHUHHQNRPVW� WXVVHQ� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� HQ� DQGHUH� EDVLVVFKROHQEHWUHIW� GH� JURWH� VFKROLQJVEHKRHIWH� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJ� FRPSXWHU�JHEUXLN�
6DPHQYDWWLQJ� GLVFXVVLH HQ DDQEHYHOLQJHQ ���
�� SAMENVATTING, DISCUSSIE EN AANBEVELINGEN
+HW� HHUVWH� GHHO� YDQ� GLW� VORWKRRIGVWXN� LV� JHZLMG� DDQ� HHQ� LQWHJUDOH� VDPHQYDWWLQJ� YDQ� GHUHVXOWDWHQ� ������� 'DDUQD� ZRUGW� LQJHJDDQ� RS� GH� EHWHNHQLV� YDQ� GH� UHVXOWDWHQ� YRRU� GHYHUGHUH� LQYRHULQJ� YDQ� ,&7� LQ� KHW� EDVLVRQGHUZLMV� ������� 'H]H� SDUDJUDDI� YRUPW� HHQELMGUDJH� DDQ� GH� UHIOHFWLH� RS� GH� UHVXOWDWHQ� YDQ� GH� ,&7�PRQLWRU�� 7HYHQV� ZRUGHQDDQEHYHOLQJHQ�JHGDDQ�YRRU�KHW�EHOHLG��'H]H�DDQEHYHOLQJHQ�EHWUHIIHQ�]RZHO�KHW�EHOHLG�YDQGH�RYHUKHLG�DOV�KHW�EHOHLG�RS�VFKRROQLYHDX�
9.1 Samenvatting van resultaten
Computergebruik
+HW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� FRPSXWHUV� LV� HLQG� MDUHQ� QHJHQWLJ� LQ� KHW� EDVLVRQGHUZLMV� DOJHPHHQJHDFFHSWHHUG��1HJHQ�YDQ�GH�WLHQ� OHUDUHQ�PDNHQ�ZHNHOLMNV�JHEUXLN�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�YRRURQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ�� &RPSXWHUV� ZRUGHQ� YRRUDO� LQJH]HW� ELM� UHNHQHQ�� WDDO� HQ� DDUGULMNV�NXQGH��+HW�DDQWDO�OHHU��HQ�YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ�ZDDUYRRU�GH�FRPSXWHU�ZRUGW�JHEUXLNW��LV�LQGH�SHULRGH�����������JHOLMN�JHEOHYHQ��'H�LQWHQVLWHLW�YDQ�KHW�JHEUXLN� LV�ZHO�WRHJHQRPHQ�2HIHQHQ�YDQ�OHHUVWRI�HQ�KHW�VFKULMYHQ�YDQ�YHUVODJHQ�]LMQ�ELQQHQ�JURHS���GH�EHODQJULMNVWHFRPSXWHUWRHSDVVLQJHQ��%RYHQGLHQ�ZRUGW�GH� FRPSXWHU� VWHHGV�YDNHU� LQJH]HW� YRRU� DQGHUHGLGDFWLVFKH� WRHSDVVLQJHQ� ]RDOV� JHJHYHQVYHUZHUNLQJ� HQ� LQVWUXFWLH��'DDUPHH� YHUDQGHUW� GHIXQFWLH�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�JHOHLGHOLMN�YDQ�RHIHQPDFKLQH�QDDU�HHQ�GLGDFWLVFKH�KXOSPLGGHO�WHURQGHUVWHXQLQJ� YDQ� PHHUGHUH� DVSHFWHQ� YDQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMVOHHUSURFHV�� +HW� JHEUXLN� YDQFRPPXQLFDWLHYH�IXQFWLHV�]RDOV�H�PDLO�HQ�KHW�RS]RHNHQ�YDQ�LQIRUPDWLH�YLD�,QWHUQHW��NRPHQELQQHQ�KHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV�QRJ�PDDU�ZHLQLJ�YRRU�,Q�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�GH�VLWXDWLH�YDQ������JHEUXLNHQ�OHUDUHQ�LQ������GH�FRPSXWHU�HONH�ZHHNJHPLGGHOG� HHQ� XXU� ODQJHU� ELM� KHW� RQGHUZLMV�� 9RRU� HHQ� LQGLYLGXHOH� OHHUOLQJ� EHWHNHQW� GLWZHNHOLMNV� HQNHOH� PLQXWHQ� H[WUD� FRPSXWHUWLMG�� 7KXLV� JHEUXLNHQ� OHHUOLQJHQ� GH� FRPSXWHUVWHHGV�YDNHU�YRRU� OHHUDFWLYLWHLWHQ��,Q�YHUJHOLMNLQJ�PHW�VFKRRO�JHEUXLNHQ�ELMYRRUEHHOG�GULHWRW�YLHU�NHHU�]RYHHO�OHHUOLQJHQ�WKXLV�GH�FRPSXWHU�YRRU�KHW�YHU]DPHOHQ�YDQ� LQIRUPDWLH�HQKHW�PDNHQ�YDQ�HHQ�ZHUNVWXN�
Infrastructuur
,Q�HHQ�WLMGVEHVWHN�YDQ�WZHH� MDDU� LV�KHW�DDQWDO�FRPSXWHUV�RS�EDVLVVFKROHQ�YHUGULHYRXGLJG�0RPHQWHHO� EHVFKLNW� HHQ� EDVLVVFKRRO� RYHU� JHPLGGHOG� ��� FRPSXWHUV�� KHWJHHQ� RYHUHHQ�NRPVW�PHW�HHQ�OHHUOLQJ�FRPSXWHU�UDWLR�YDQ�����5XLP�HHQ�NZDUW�YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�EHVFKLNWRYHU� WHQPLQVWH�ppQ�FRPSXWHU�YRRU�HONH� WLHQ� OHHUOLQJHQ��2S�EDVLV�YDQ�GH�RQWZLNNHOLQJHQ]RDOV�GH]H�]LFK�LQ�GH�DIJHORSHQ�MDUHQ�KHEEHQ�YRRUJHGDDQ��]XOOHQ�YULMZHO�DOOH�EDVLVVFKROHQELQQHQ�WZHH�WRW�GULH�MDDU�RYHU�WHQPLQVWH�ppQ�FRPSXWHU�YRRU�HONH����OHHUOLQJHQ�EHVFKLNNHQ�'H� WRHQDPH� YDQ� KHW� DDQWDO� FRPSXWHUV� RS� EDVLVVFKROHQ� KHHIW� JHUHVXOWHHUG� LQ� PHHUFRPSXWHUV�LQ�NODVORNDOHQ��$FKW�RS�GH�WLHQ�OHUDUHQ�EHVFKLNNHQ�RYHU�ppQ�RI�PHHU�FRPSXWHUVELQQHQ�KHW�HLJHQ�NODVORNDDO�,Q� YHUJHOLMNLQJ� PHW� DQGHUH� ODQGHQ� EHKRRUW� 1HGHUODQG� WRW� GH� ODQGHQ� PHW� GH� JURRWVWHEHVFKLNEDDUKHLG�YDQ�FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU�YRRU�OHHUOLQJHQ�LQ�KHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV�
��� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
+HW� DDQWDO� FRPSXWHUV� PHW� HHQ� ����SURFHVVRU� RI� HHQ� 3HQWLXP� LV� LQ� KHW� DIJHORSHQ� MDDUWRHJHQRPHQ�� %LMQD� GH� KHOIW� YDQ� GH� FRPSXWHUDSSDUDWXXU� LQ� KHW� EDVLVRQGHUZLMV� LV� RS� GLWPRPHQW� PHW� HHQ� ,QWHO����� SURFHVVRU� XLWJHUXVW�� (pQ� RS� GH� YLMI� FRPSXWHUV� KHHIW� HHQ3HQWLXP�SURFHVVRU��'H� VWHUNH� JURHL� YDQ� ����FRPSXWHUV� NDQ� YHUNODDUG�ZRUGHQ� GRRU� KHWJURWH� DDQWDO� ]RJHQDDPGH�)XUELH�FRPSXWHUV�GLH�EDVLVVFKROHQ� YLD� GH� WRHQPDOLJH� 6WLFKWLQJ&RPSXWHU%HPLGGHOLQJ� 2QGHUZLMV� �6&%2�� KHEEHQ� DDQJHVFKDIW�� 'H]H� VWLFKWLQJ� PDDNWFRPSXWHUV�JHVFKLNW�YRRU�KHUJHEUXLN�HQ�OHYHUGH�WRW�HQ�PHW������YRRUQDPHOLMN�FRPSXWHUVPHW� HHQ� ����SURFHVVRU��+HW� DDQWDO� FRPSXWHUV� ZDDURYHU� EDVLVVFKROHQ� EHVFKLNNHQ� LV� HHQVWHHGV�PLQGHU�JURRW�SUREOHHP��(FKWHU�� YHHO� FRPSXWHUV� ]LMQ�YHURXGHUG��KHWJHHQ�GRRU�GHVFKROHQ�DOV�ppQ�YDQ�GH�JURRWVWH�NQHOSXQWHQ�ELM�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�ZRUGW�HUYDUHQ��9HUGHULV�GRRU�KHW�VWHUN�JHVWHJHQ�DDQWDO�FRPSXWHUV�RS�YHHO�VFKROHQ�RRN�GH�EHKRHIWH�WRHJHQRPHQDDQ� HHQ� IXQFWLRQDULV� GLH� YHUDQWZRRUGHOLMN� LV� YRRU� KHW� RQGHUKRXG� HQ� KHW� EHKHHU� YDQ� GH,&7�YRRU]LHQLQJHQ�RS�VFKRRO�
2S� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� PRGHUQH� UDQGDSSDUDWXXU� LV� RS� GH� PHHVWH� EDVLVVFKROHQ� DOOHHQ� HHQNOHXUHQSULQWHU�DDQZH]LJ��$QGHUH�PRGHUQH�UDQGDSSDUDWXXU�]RDOV�ELMYRRUEHHOG�HHQ�VFDQQHURI�GLJLWDOH�FDPHUD�NRPW�RS�EDVLVVFKROHQ�ZHLQLJ�YRRU��5XLP�HHQGHUGH�YDQ�GH�EDVLVVFKROHQKHHIW�WRHJDQJ�WRW�,QWHUQHW��0HHVWDO�EHWUHIW�KHW�HHQ�,6'1�YHUELQGLQJ�ZDDURS�WZHH�WRW�GULHFRPSXWHUV�]LMQ�DDQJHVORWHQ�
Onderwijsconcept
0RPHQWHHO� LV� YHHO� DDQGDFKW� YRRU� GH� LQULFKWLQJ� YDQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� YROJHQV� GH� XLWJDQJV�SXQWHQ�YDQ�DGDSWLHI�F�T��ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG�RQGHUZLMV��,&7�ZRUGW�JH]LHQ�DOV�HHQ�EUXLN�EDDU� LQVWUXPHQW�ELM� UHDOLVHUHQ�YDQ�GH]H�RQGHUZLMVEHQDGHULQJ�GLH�JHNHQPHUNW�ZRUGW�GRRUKHW�UHNHQLQJ�KRXGHQ�PHW�YHUVFKLOOHQ�WXVVHQ�OHHUOLQJHQ��+RHZHO�,&7�LQ�VWDDW� LV�GH�XLWYRH�ULQJ�YDQ�HON�RQGHUZLMVFRQFHSW� WH�RQGHUVWHXQHQ��HUYDUHQ�GH� VFKROHQ�PHW�YHHO�NHQPHUNHQYDQ�ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG�RQGHUZLMV�YDNHU�HHQ�JURWH�ELMGUDJH�YDQ�,&7��GDQ�VFKROHQ�PHW�YHHONHQPHUNHQ� YDQ� XQLIRUP�NODVVLNDDO� RQGHUZLMV�� ,Q� YHUJHOLMNLQJ� PHW� GH� JHJHYHQV� YDQ� GHYRULJH� PRQLWRUPHWLQJ� EHYDW� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� RS� EDVLVVFKROHQ� PHHU� NHQPHUNHQ� YDQ� ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG�RQGHUZLMV��*HKHHO�LQ�RYHUHHQVWHPPLQJ�PHW�GH�VDPHQKDQJ�WXVVHQ�RQGHU�ZLMVFRQFHSW�HQ�GH�RSEUHQJVWHQ�YDQ�,&7�LV�GH�ELMGUDJH�GLH�,&7�OHYHUW�DDQ�GH�UHDOLVDWLH�YDQKHW�GRRU�GH�VFKROHQ�EHRRJGH�RQGHUZLMV�LQ�KHW�DIJHORSHQ�MDDU�YHUGHU�WRHJHQRPHQ�
Beleid en investeringen
6WHHGV�PHHU�VFKROHQ�ZHUNHQ�DDQ�HHQ�V\VWHPDWLVFK�EHOHLG�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7��5XLP�GHKHOIW�YDQ�GH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�LV�PRPHQWHHO�EH]LJ�PHW�KHW�RSVWHOOHQ�YDQ�HHQ�,&7�EHOHLGVSODQ�%LMQD�����YDQ�GH�VFKROHQ�KHHIW�KHW�,&7�EHOHLG�VFKULIWHOLMN�LQ�HHQ�EHOHLGVSODQ�YDVWJHOHJG�6FKROHQ� KHEEHQ� LQ� KHW� DIJHORSHQ� MDDU� HHQ� EHWHNHQLVYROOH� YRRUXLWJDQJ� JHERHNW� LQ� GHUHDOLVDWLH� YDQ� KXQ� EHOHLGVGRHOHQ�� 7HJHOLMNHUWLMG� LV� KHW� DPELWLHQLYHDX� YDQ� VFKROHQ� RS� KHWJHELHG� YDQ� ,&7� WRHJHQRPHQ�� 2PGDW� HU� ]RZHO� GRHOVWHOOLQJHQ� ZRUGHQ� JHUHDOLVHHUG� DOVQLHXZH� GRHOVWHOOLQJHQ� DDQ� KHW� EHOHLG�ZRUGHQ� WRHJHYRHJG�� EOLMIW� HU� VSUDNH� YDQ� HHQ� JURWHGLVFUHSDQWLH� WXVVHQ� EHRRJG� HQ� JHUHDOLVHHUG� ,&7�EHOHLG�� $OOH� VFKROHQ� KHEEHQ� LQ� KHWDIJHORSHQ�MDDU�ILQDQFLHHO�JHwQYHVWHHUG�LQ�,&7��+HW�PHHVWH�JHOG�LV�EHVWHHG�DDQ�DSSDUDWXXU�
Houding
1DGDW�LQ�KHW�EHJLQ� YDQ�GH�MDUHQ�QHJHQWLJ�GH�KRXGLQJ�YDQ�OHUDUHQ�SRVLWLHYHU�ZHUG�RYHU�GHYHUDQGHULQJHQ�WHQ�JHYROJH �YDQ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�LQ�GH�NODV��LV�HU�VLQGV������VSUDNH�YDQ�HHQGDOHQGH� WUHQG��(HQ�PRJHOLMNH�YHUNODULQJ�YRRU�GH]H�RQWZLNNHOLQJ� LV�GDW� OHUDUHQ� LQPLGGHOVJHGXUHQGH�PHHUGHUH� MDUHQ� GH� FRPSXWHU� RS� HHQ]HOIGH�PDQLHU� JHEUXLNHQ��+HW� FRPSXWHU�JHEUXLN� ZRUGW� GDDUGRRU� VWHHGV� PHHU� DOV� HHQ� JHZRRQWH� HQ� VWHHGV� PLQGHU� DOV� HHQ
6DPHQYDWWLQJ� GLVFXVVLH HQ DDQEHYHOLQJHQ ���
YHUDQGHULQJ� HUYDUHQ�� 'H]H� RQWZLNNHOLQJ� NDQ� ZRUGHQ� JH]LHQ� DOV� HHQ� DDQZLM]LQJ� YRRULQKRXGHOLMNH�VWDJQDWLH�YDQ�GH�LQYRHULQJ�YDQ�,&7��+LHUPHH�ZRUGW�EHGRHOG�GDW�,&7�YRRUDOZRUGW�JHEUXLNW�YRRU�YHUYDQJLQJ�YDQ�EHVWDDQGH�ZHUNZLM]HQ�HQ�,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�QRJ�PDDUZHLQLJ�ZRUGHQ�EHQXW�YRRU�YHUQLHXZLQJ�YDQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�+HW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�KHHIW�YROJHQV�GH�OHHUNUDFKWHQ�YRRUDO�HHQ�SRVLWLHYH�LQYORHGRS�GH�PRWLYDWLH�YDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ��2RN�YLQGW�GULHNZDUW�YDQ�GH�OHUDUHQ�GDW�OHHUVWRI�HIILFLsQWHUJHWUDLQG�NDQ�ZRUGHQ��2S�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�GH�OHHUSUHVWDWLHV�YLQGW�HFKWHU�VOHFKWV�GULH�YDQ�HONHWLHQ�OHUDUHQ�GDW�OHHUOLQJHQ�GRRU�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�GH�FRPSXWHU�EHWHUH�UHVXOWDWHQ�EHKDOHQ�
2YHUHHQNRPVWLJ�GH�ZDDUQHPLQJHQ�YDQ�GH�OHUDUHQ�JHYHQ�RRN�GH�OHHUOLQJHQ�]HOI�DDQ�GDW�]LMSOH]LHU�EHOHYHQ�DDQ�KHW�RPJDDQ�PHW�FRPSXWHUV��'DDUQDDVW�YLQGHQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�KHW�EHODQJULMNHQ� UHOHYDQW� GDW� ]H� JRHG� PHW� FRPSXWHUV� NXQQHQ� RPJDDQ�� -RQJHQV� YLQGHQ� ZHUNHQ� PHWFRPSXWHUV�OHXNHU�HQ�EHODQJULMNHU�GDQ�PHLVMHV��2RN�KHEEHQ�MRQJHQV�YDNHU�KHW�JHYRHO�GDW]LM� GRRU� KXQ� RXGHUV� JHVWLPXOHHUG� ZRUGHQ� RP�PHW� FRPSXWHUV� WH� OHUHQ� RPJDDQ�� 6HNVH�YHUVFKLOOHQ� ELM� OHHUOLQJHQ� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� ]LMQ� LQ� KHW� DIJHORSHQGHFHQQLXP� WRHJHQRPHQ�� ,Q� YHUJHOLMNLQJ� PHW� GH� UHVXOWDWHQ� YDQ� YRULJH� PHWLQJHQ� JHYHQMRQJHQV�VWHHGV�YDNHU�DDQ�GDW�]LM�PHHU�YDQ�FRPSXWHUV�ZHWHQ�GDQ�PHLVMHV�
Samenwerking, ondersteuning, kennis en vaardigheden
6DPHQZHUNLQJ�WXVVHQ�VFKROHQ�URQG�GH� LQYRHULQJ�YDQ�,&7�LV� LQ�KHW�DIJHORSHQ� MDDU� WRHJH�QRPHQ��6FKROHQ�ZLVVHOHQ�VWHHGV�YDNHU�KXQ�,&7�HUYDULQJHQ�XLW�HQ�ZHUNHQ�RRN�PHHU�VDPHQRS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�GHVNXQGLJKHLGVEHYRUGHULQJ��'H�EHWHNHQLV�YDQ�FROOHJLDOH�QHWZHUNHQ�YDQVFKROHQ�F�T��OHUDUHQ�YRRU�KHW�LQYRHULQJVSURFHV�YDQ�,&7�QHHPW�WRH��+HW�DDQWDO�VFKROHQ�GDWYLD�GH]H�FROOHJLDOH�QHWZHUNHQ�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ�ELM�GH�LQYRHULQJ�YDQ�,&7�HUYDDUW��RYHUWUHIW�GHRQGHUVWHXQLQJ�YDQ�RQGHUZLMVEHJHOHLGLQJVGLHQVWHQ�%LQQHQ� VFKROHQ� HUYDUHQ�GH� OHUDUHQ�ELM� KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� YRRUQDPHOLMN� RQGHUVWHXQLQJYDQ�GH�,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU��%LM�����YDQ�GH�OHUDUHQ�XLW�JURHS���JHYHQ�RRN�OHHUOLQJHQ�RQGHU�VWHXQLQJ� ELM� KHW� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� LQ� GH� NODV�� /HHUOLQJHQ� EHVFKLNNHQ� RS� MRQJHUH� OHHIWLMGRYHU�VWHHGV�PHHU�,&7�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�WH�EHVFKLNNHQ�
'H� NHQQLV� YDQ� OHUDUHQ� RYHU� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN� LQ� GH� NODV� LV� LQ� KHW� DIJHORSHQ� QLHW� WRHJH�QRPHQ�� :HLQLJ� OHUDUHQ� ]LMQ� EHNHQG� PHW� WRHSDVVLQJHQ� YDQ� PRGHUQH� WHFKQRORJLH� ]RDOVPXOWLPHGLD��H�PDLO�HQ�,QWHUQHW��+HW�JHEUHN�DDQ�NHQQLV�HQ�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�YDQ�OHUDUHQ�ZRUGWLQ�KHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV� DOV� ppQ�YDQ�GH�JURRWVWH�EHOHPPHULQJHQ�YRRU�GH�YHUGHUH� LQYRHULQJYDQ�,&7�HUYDUHQ��+HW�JHEUHN�DDQ�IDFLOLWHLWHQ���WLMG�HQ�JHOG��YRRU�VFKROLQJ�KDQJW�GDDU�QDXZPHH� VDPHQ�� +RHZHO� HU� LQ� KHW� VFKRROEHOHLG� DDQGDFKW� LV� YRRU� ,&7�VFKROLQJ�� LV� GHGLVFUHSDQWLH�WXVVHQ�GH�EHOHLGVYRRUQHPHQV�HQ�GH�EHOHLGVXLWYRHULQJ�RS�GLW�JHELHG�JURRW�/HUDUHQ�ZHQVHQ�YRRUDO�WH�OHUHQ�RPJDDQ�PHW�VSHFLILHNH�SURJUDPPDV�YRRU�GH�YHUVFKLOOHQGHOHHU��HQ�YRUPLQJVJHELHGHQ��9HUGHU�ZLOOHQ�]LM�ZHWHQ�RS�ZHONH�PDQLHU�GH�LQ]HW�YDQ�PRGHUQHWHFKQRORJLH�� ]RDOV� ,QWHUQHW�� H�PDLO� HQ�PXOWLPHGLD� NDQ� ELMGUDJHQ� DDQ� GH� NZDOLWHLWVYHUEH�WHULQJ�YDQ�KXQ�RQGHUZLMV�
Toekomstperspectief
=RZHO� GH� GLUHFWLHV� YDQ� EDVLVVFKROHQ� DOV� OHUDUHQ� YHUZDFKWHQ� GDW� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� YDQ� GHWRHNRPVW� YHHO� NHQPHUNHQ� YDQ� ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG� RQGHUZLMV� ]DO� KHEEHQ��'H� FRPSXWHUZRUGW� JH]LHQ� DOV� HHQ�EHODQJULMN� KXOSPLGGHO� RP�KHW� WRHNRPVWLJH� RQGHUZLMV� WH� UHDOLVHUHQ�6FKROHQ� KHEEHQ� KRJH� YHUZDFKWLQJHQ� YDQ� GH� PRJHOLMNKHGHQ� GLH� ,QWHUQHW� HQ� .HQQLVQHWNXQQHQ� ELHGHQ�� +RHZHO� KHW� DDQWDO� FRPSXWHUV� LQ� KRRJ� WHPSR� WRHQHHPW�� YHUDQGHUW� GHLQULFKWLQJ�YDQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV� ODQJ]DDP��+HW�PDQDJHPHQW�YDQ�EDVLVVFKROHQ� VWDDW� YRRU�GH
��� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
XLWGDJLQJ� RP� KHW� WHPSR� YDQ� GH� LQYRHULQJ� YDQ� ,&7� HQ� GH� EHRRJGH� LQKRXGHOLMNHYHUQLHXZLQJ�YDQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�RS�HONDDU�DI�WH�VWHPPHQ�2YHU�HHQ�UHHNV�YDQ�MDUHQ�EH]LHQ�YRUPW�GHVNXQGLJKHLGV EHYRUGHULQJ�GH�PHHVW�KDUGQHNNLJHEHOHPPHULQJ�YRRU�HHQ�VXFFHVYROOH�LQYRHULQJ�YDQ�,&7�LQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV��6LQGV������JURHLWKHW�DDQWDO�VFKROHQ�GDW�VOHFKW�RS�GH�KRRJWH�LV�YDQ�GH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ�GLH�,&7�KHW�RQGHUZLMVWH�ELHGHQ�KHHIW��,QPLGGHOV�LV�UXLP�HHQ�GHUGH�YDQ�GH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�VOHFKW�RS�GH�KRRJWH�YDQKHWJHHQ� ,&7� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� WH� ELHGHQ� KHHIW��'RRU� RQEHNHQGKHLG�PHW� GH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQYDQ�,&7�EOLMYHQ�EHVFKLNEDUH�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�RQEHQXW�
Voorhoedescholen
'H�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�YHUVFKLOOHQ�RS�HHQ�JURRW�DDQWDO�DVSHFWHQ�YDQ�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�2S�GH�HHUVWH�SODDWV�KHEEHQ�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�PHHU�HQ�PRGHUQHUH�FRPSXWHUV�GDQ�DQGHUHEDVLVVFKROHQ��9HUGHU�ZRUGW� RS� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� YDNHU�PHW� FRPSXWHUV� JHZHUNW� HQ� ]LMQOHUDUHQ�SRVLWLHYHU�RYHU�GH�RSEUHQJVWHQ�YDQ�KHW�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN��2RN�KHEEHQ�GH�OHUDUHQYDQ�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�EHKRHIWH�DDQ�DQGHUH�SURJUDPPDWXXU�GDQ�GH�PHHVWH�OHUDUHQ�YDQ�GHRYHULJH� EDVLVVFKROHQ�� /HUDUHQ� YDQ� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� YLQGHQ� KHW� ELMYRRUEHHOG� EHODQJULMNGDW�SURJUDPPDWXXU�GH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ�ELHGW�YRRU�SODQQLQJ�YDQ� LQGLYLGXHOH� OHHUZHJHQ� HQUHJLVWUDWLH�YDQ�GH�OHHUOLQJYRUGHULQJHQ��2RN�KHFKWHQ�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�PHHU�EHODQJ�DDQWRHWVLQJ�HQ�IHHGEDFN�LQ�RQGHUZLMVSURJUDPPDWXXU�GDQ�GH�DQGHUH�VFKROHQ�+HW�PHHVW�HVVHQWLsOH�RQGHUVFKHLG�WXVVHQ�GH�JURHS�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�HQ�GH�DQGHUH�EDVLV�VFKROHQ� LV� ZHOOLFKW� GH� LQULFKWLQJ� YDQ� KXQ� RQGHUZLMV�� 9RRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� KHEEHQ� PHHUNHQPHUNHQ�YDQ�ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG�RQGHUZLMV�GDQ�HHQ�GRRUVQHH�EDVLVVFKRRO��'H�EHVFKLN�EDUH�JHJHYHQV�JHYHQ�DDQOHLGLQJ�WH�YHURQGHUVWHOOHQ�GDW�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�DO�RYHU�GH]HNHQPHUNHQ�EHVFKLNWHQ�RS�KHW�PRPHQW�GDW�]LM� DOV�YRRUKRHGHVFKRRO�ZHUGHQ�JHVHOHFWHHUG�'H� FRQGLWLHV� YRRU� LQYRHULQJ� YDQ� ,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ� YHUVFKLOOHQ� GDDUPHH�PHW� GH� VLWXDWLH�F�T��RQGHUZLMVLQULFKWLQJ��RS�GH�PHHVWH�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ��'H� UHVXOWDWHQ�YDQ�GH�YRRU�KRHGHVFKROHQ�NXQQHQ�GDQ�RRN�QLHW�]RQGHU�PHHU�JHJHQHUDOLVHHUG�ZRUGHQ�QDDU�GH�SRSXODWLHYDQ�EDVLVVFKROHQ�9DQ� EHODQJ� LV� GDW� GH� KXLGLJH� LQULFKWLQJ� YDQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� RS� YHHO� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQNHQPHUNHQ�EHYDW�GLH�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�YRRU�GH�WRHNRPVW�RRN�QDVWUHYHQ��'LW�ZLMVW�HU�RSGDW� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� YRRU� YHHO� VFKROHQ� HHQ� EHODQJULMNH� EURQ� YDQ� LQVSLUDWLH� NXQQHQ]LMQ�HQ�]RZHO�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�DSSDUDWXXU�DOV�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�RQGHUZLMVLQULFKWLQJ�HHQYRRUKRHGH�YRUPHQ�1DDVW�GH�YHOH�YHUVFKLOOHQ�WXVVHQ�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�HQ�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ� LV�HU�RRN�HHQEHODQJULMNH� RYHUHHQNRPVW�� %HLGH� JURHSHQ� VFKROHQ� KHEEHQ� YHHO� EHKRHIWH� DDQ� NHQQLV� HQYDDUGLJKHGHQ�RYHU�KHW� JHEUXLN�YDQ� ,&7� DOV� KXOSPLGGHO� ELM� KHW� DUUDQJHUHQ� YDQ� FRQGLWLHVYRRU� OHUHQ�� %LM� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� EHWUHIW� KHW� YRRUDO� RQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV� ZDDUELMUHNHQLQJ�ZRUGW�JHKRXGHQ�PHW�YHUVFKLOOHQ�WXVVHQ� OHHUOLQJHQ�HQ�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�SURJUDP�PDWXXU�GLH�GDDURS�LV�DIJHVWHPG��'H]H�JHJHYHQV�EHQDGUXNNHQ�QRJ�HHQV�GDW�RQJHDFKW�KHWLQYRHULQJVVWDGLXP� ZDDULQ� VFKROHQ� ]LFK� EHYLQGHQ�� GHVNXQGLJKHLGVEHYRUGHULQJ� GHERWWOHQHFN�LV�YRRU�VXFFHVYROOH�LQYRHULQJ�YDQ�,&7�LQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�
9.2 Discussie en aanbevelingen
Balans tussen voorzieningen
2S�JURQG�YDQ�GH�JHJHYHQV�XLW�GH�HHUVWH�PHWLQJ�YDQ�GH�,&7�PRQLWRU��7HQ�%UXPPHOKXLV������� LV� HHQ�PRGHO� JHSUHVHQWHHUG�ZDDULQ�GH�EHODQJULMNVWH� LQGLFDWRUHQ�YRRU�GH� LQYRHULQJYDQ�,&7�LQ�RQGHUOLQJH�VDPHQKDQJ�]LMQ�JHSUHVHQWHHUG��ILJXXU�������'LW�PRGHO�RQGHUVFKHLGWGULH�VWDGLD�LQ�HHQ�YHUDQGHULQJVSURFHV��+HW�HHUVWH�VWDGLXP�EHWUHIW�RULsQWDWLH�RS�GH�PRJHOLMN�KHGHQ�HQ�GH�EHGRHOLQJHQ�YDQ�GH�EHRRJGH�YHUDQGHULQJ��7RW�GH]H�IDVH�ZRUGW�RRN�JHUHNHQG
6DPHQYDWWLQJ� GLVFXVVLH HQ DDQEHYHOLQJHQ ���
GH� DDQOHLGLQJ� GLH� HHQ� LQGLYLGXHOH� OHUDDU� RI� HHQ� VFKRROWHDP� HU� WRH� EUHQJW� RP� ]LFK� WHRULsQWHUHQ�RS�HHQ�YHUDQGHULQJ��,Q�KHW�JHYDO�GH�DDQOHLGLQJ�WRW�,&7�JHEUXLN�DINRPVWLJ�LV�YDQHHQ�EURQ�GLH�EXLWHQ�GH�VFKRRO�OLJW��ELMYRRUEHHOG�PDDWVFKDSSHOLMNH�GUXN�RI�GH�RYHUKHLG�GLHNHUQGRHOHQ�IRUPXOHHUW���GDQ�NDQ�GLW�ZRUGHQ�RSJHYDW�DOV�HHQ�H[RJHQH�IDFWRU�RI�GUXN�YDQERYHQDI�� ,Q� KHW� JHYDO� GH� DDQOHLGLQJ� WRW� YHUDQGHULQJ� YRRUWNRPW� XLW� GH� VFKRRO� ]HOI�� GDQYRUPW� KHW� HHQ� HQGRJHQH� IDFWRU� RIZHO� HHQ� YHUDQGHULQJ� YDQ� RQGHURS�� 6FKRROJHERQGHQNHX]HV�NXQQHQ�JHPDDNW�ZRUGHQ�RS�KHW�QLYHDX�YDQ�GH�LQGLYLGXHOH�OHUDDU�RI�KHW�VFKRROWHDP�
1DGDW�HHQ�NHX]H�LV�JHPDDNW�RYHU�GH�JHZHQVWH�YHUDQGHULQJ�HQ�GH�XLWYRHULQJ�GDDGZHUNHOLMNWHU�KDQG�ZRUGW�JHQRPHQ��LV�HU�VSUDNH�YDQ�HHQ�YROJHQG�VWDGLXP�LQ�KHW�LQYRHULQJVSURFHV��GHXLWYRHULQJ�� 'H� XLWYRHULQJ� YDQ� HHQ� ,&7�YHUQLHXZLQJ� ZRUGW� JHNHQPHUNW� GRRU� YHUDQGH�ULQJHQ�RS�HHQ�GULHWDO�JHELHGHQ������,&7�PDWHULDOHQ������RSYDWWLQJHQ�RYHU�GH�LQULFKWLQJ�YDQKHW�RQGHUZLMV�HQ�GH�URO�YDQ�,&7������NHQQLV�HQ�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�RP�GH�EHRRJGH�YHUQLHXZLQJWH�UHDOLVHUHQ�
,Q�KHW�GHUGH�HQ�ODDWVWH�VWDGLXP�ZRUGHQ�PDDWUHJHOHQ�JHQRPHQ�RP�HU�YRRU�WH�]RUJHQ�GDW�GHYHUDQGHULQJ�LQ�GH�WRHNRPVW�YHUDQNHUG�EOLMIW�LQ�GH�GDJHOLMNVH�SUDNWLMN��:DQQHHU�KHW� ODDWVWHVWDGLXP�ZRUGW� JHFRPELQHHUG�PHW� HYDOXDWLH� HQ� RULsQWDWLH� RS� YHUYROJVWDSSHQ� RQWVWDDW� HUHHQ�NHWHQ�YDQ�YHUQLHXZLQJHQ�RIZHO�HHQ�F\FOLVFK�SURFHV��(ONH�F\FOXV�RPYDW�HHQ�DDQOHLGLQJRI� SHULRGH� YDQ� RULsQWDWLH�� JHYROJG� GRRU� GH� IDVHQ� YDQ� XLWYRHULQJ� HQ� YHUDQNHULQJ� YDQ� GHUHVXOWDWHQ� LQ�GH�GDJHOLMNVH�RQGHUZLMVSUDNWLMN��+RHZHO� HON�YDQ�GH]H�JHELHGHQ�NDQ�ZRUGHQRSJHYDW� DOV� HHQ� IDFWRU� GLH� YDQ� LQYORHG� LV� RS� KHW� XLWHLQGHOLMNH� UHVXOWDDW� LV� GH� RQGHUOLQJHDIVWHPPLQJ� WXVVHQ�PDWHULDOHQ��RSYDWWLQJHQ�HQ�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�PLQVWHQV�]R�EHODQJULMN��(HQF\FOLVFK� YHUDQGHULQJVSURFHV� VWDJQHHUW� ZDQQHHU� HU� JHHQ� DDQOHLGLQJ� PHHU� LV� YRRU� HHQYROJHQGH�YHUQLHXZLQJVF\FOXV�
)LJXXU ���%HwQYORHGHQGH IDFWRUHQ RS VFKRROQLYHDX ELM GH LQYRHULQJ YDQ ,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ YRRU RQGHUZLMV�GRHOHLQGHQ
AANLEIDING UITVOERING RESULTATEN
PDDWVFKDSSHOLMNHGUXN
VFKRROJHERQGHQNHX]HQ
LQGLYLGXHOHOHHUNUDFKW
%
(
/
(
,
'
,&7�LQIUDVWUXFWXXU
NHQQLV HQYDDUGLJKHGHQ
RSYDWWLQJHQ
,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQLQ KHW RQGHUZLMV
��� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
'H� UHVXOWDWHQ� YDQ� GH� ,&7�PRQLWRU� ODWHQ� ]LHQ� GDW� HU�PRPHQWHHO� RQYROGRHQGH� EDODQV� LVWXVVHQ�GH�DDQVFKDI�YDQ�,&7�PDWHULDOHQ��GH�RSYDWWLQJHQ�RYHU�RQGHUZLMV�HQ�GH�GLGDFWLVFK�RUJDQLVDWRULVFKH�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�YDQ�OHUDUHQ��(U�ZRUGW�YHHO�JHwQYHVWHHUG�LQ�,&7�PDWHULDOHQ�HU�LV�HHQ�JHPHHQVFKDSSHOLMNH�YLVLH�RYHU�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�YDQ�GH�WRHNRPVW��PDDU�GH�NHQQLV�HQYDDUGLJKHGHQ�RQWEUHNHQ�RP�GDDGZHUNHOLMN�GH�EHRRJGH�YHUDQGHULQJHQ�WH�UHDOLVHUHQ�HQ�GHSRWHQWLsOH� WRHSDVVLQJHQ�YDQ�,&7�WH�EHQXWWHQ�� +HW� YHUGLHQW� DDQEHYHOLQJ� RP�ELM� GH� LQYRHULQJ� YDQ,&7�LQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�PHHU�DDQGDFKW�WH�EHVWHGHQ�DDQ�GH�RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJH��RUJDQLVDWRULVFKH�HQ�GLGDFWLVFKHDVSHFWHQ� YDQ� FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�� (HQ� EHWHUH� DIVWHPPLQJ� WXVVHQ� RQGHUZLMVRSYDWWLQJHQ�� ,&7�PDWHULDOHQ� HQGLGDFWLVFKH�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�]DO�GH�GRHOPDWLJKHLG�YDQ�GH�LQYHVWHULQJHQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�YDQ�,&7�YHUJURWHQ�
Verschillen tussen scholen
%LM� HHQ� YHUDQGHULQJVSURFHV� ]RDOV� GH� LQYRHULQJ� YDQ� ,&7� LV� YDULsWHLW� WXVVHQ� VFKROHQ� YDQJURRW�EHODQJ��'H� LQYRHULQJ�YDQ�,&7�LV�HHQ�YHUQLHXZLQJ�ZDDUELM�HLQGGRHOHQ�RP�YHUVFKLO�OHQGH�UHGHQHQ�QLHW�LQ�GHWDLO�DDQJHJHYHQ�NXQQHQ�ZRUGHQ��7HQ�HHUVWH�]LMQ�GH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQGLH� ,&7�KHW�RQGHUZLMV� WH�ELHGHQ�KHHIW�QRJ�RQYROGRHQGH�YHUNHQG��7HQ� WZHHGH�NULMJW�KHWRQGHUZLMV� RQGHU� LQYORHG� YDQ� WHFKQRORJLVFKH� RQWZLNNHOLQJHQ� WHONHQV� QLHXZH� WRHSDV�VLQJVPRJHOLMNKHGHQ�DDQJHUHLNW��%RYHQGLHQ� LV�KHW�QLHW�PRJHOLMN�RP�SUHFLHV�WH�YRRUVSHOOHQZHONH�HLVHQ�GH� WRHNRPVWLJH� VDPHQOHYLQJ� DDQ�KHW� RQGHUZLMV� ]DO� VWHOOHQ��'H]H� FRPELQDWLHYDQ� RQWZLNNHOLQJHQ� PDDNW� KHW� RQPRJHOLMN� RP� YRRUDI� SUHFLHV� DDQ� WH� JHYHQ� RS� ZHONHPDQLHU� ,&7� HHQ� JRHGH� ELMGUDJH� NDQ� OHYHUHQ� DDQ� GH� UHDOLVDWLH� YDQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� YDQ� GHWRHNRPVW��2QGHU�GH]H�RPVWDQGLJKHGHQ�GLH�JHNHQPHUNW�ZRUGHQ�GRRU�GH�QRRG]DDN�RP�WHYHUDQGHUHQ�HQ�GH�RQ]HNHUKHLG�RYHU�GH�PDQLHU�ZDDURS�GLW�KHW�EHVWH�NDQ�JHEHXUHQ�� LV�KHWMXLVW�GH�YDULsWHLW� LQ�,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�GLH�VFKROHQ� LQ�GH�JHOHJHQKHLG� VWHOW�RP�YDQ�HONDDUVVXFFHVVHQ� HQ�PLVOXNNLQJHQ� WH� OHUHQ��'H� UHVXOWDWHQ� YDQ�GH� ,&7�PRQLWRU� ODWHQ� QLHW� DOOHHQ]LHQ�GDW�GH�LQYRHULQJ�YDQ�,&7�HHQ�RQRPNHHUEDDU�SURFHV�LV��PDDU�JHYHQ�RRN�DDQ�GDW�,&7LQ�KHW�WRHNRPVWLJH�RQGHUZLMV�HHQ�VWHHGV�EHODQJULMNHUH�URO�]DO�YHUYXOOHQ��+HW�RQGHUZLMV�YDQGH� WRHNRPVW� ZRUGW� YROJHQV� GH� VFKROHQ� JHNHQPHUNW� GRRU� RQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV� ZDDUELMPHHU� UHNHQLQJ�ZRUGW� JHKRXGHQ�PHW� YHUVFKLOOHQ� WXVVHQ� OHHUOLQJHQ�� ,&7�ZRUGW� GDDUELM� DOVHHQ�EUXLNEDDU�KXOSPLGGHO�JH]LHQ��2P�HU�YRRU�WH�]RUJHQ�GDW�HU�JHHQ�VFKROHQ�]LMQ�ZDDUELM�KHW�WHPSRYDQ� GH� LQYRHULQJ� YDQ� ,&7� RQYHUDQWZRRUG� WUDDJ� YHUORRSW�� YHUGLHQW� KHW� DDQEHYHOLQJ� GDW� GH� RYHUKHLG� GHRQGHUJUHQV� RIZHO� GHXJGHOLMNKHLGVHLVHQ� RS� KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� ,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ� LQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� GHILQLHHUW�� ,QVDPHQKDQJ� GDDUPHH� GLHQHQ� GH� RSOHLGLQJVHLVHQ� YRRU� KHW� OHUDDUVFKDS� HQ� KHW� JHPHHQVFKDSSHOLMN� FXUULFXOXPYRRU�GH�3DER�RS�,&7�DVSHFWHQ�WH�ZRUGHQ�JHDFWXDOLVHHUG�,Q� DDQYXOOLQJ� RS� GH� JHPHHQVFKDSSHOLMNH� RQGHUJUHQV� YDQ� ,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ� YHUGLHQW� KHWDDQEHYHOLQJ�RP�GH�VFKROHQ�HQ�QHWZHUNHQ�YDQ�OHUDUHQ�GLH�EHUHLG�]LMQ�GH�PRJHOLMNKHGHQ�YDQYHUQLHXZHQGH� ,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ� LQ� KXQ� RQGHUZLMV� WH� YHUNHQQHQ�� WH� RQGHUVWHXQHQ��'H]HVWUDWHJLH�ZDDUELM� GH�PRHG�RP� ULVLFRV� YDQ� VXFFHV� HQ� IDOHQ� WH� QHPHQ�ZRUGW� EHORRQG�� ]DOOHLGHQ� WRW� HHQ� YHUVFKHLGHQKHLG� DDQ� FRQFUHWH� YRRUEHHOGHQ� YDQ� ,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�(UNHQQLQJ� YDQ� YDULsWHLW� WXVVHQ� VFKROHQ� LPSOLFHHUW� GDW� HU� JHHQ� EHKRHIWH� LV� DDQ� HHQJHVWDQGDDUGLVHHUG�LQYRHULQJVSURJUDPPD�
Kennis en vaardigheden
+RHZHO�GH�YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�LQ�KXQ�RQGHUZLMVRSYDWWLQJHQ�HQ�EHVFKLNEDDUKHLG�YDQ�,&7�PDWHULDOHQ�WRW�GH�YRRUKRHGH�LQ�KHW�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV�EHKRUHQ��]LMQ�GH�NQHOSXQWHQ�GLH�]LM�RSKHW�JHELHG�YDQ�NHQQLV�HQ�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�LQ�KHW�JHEUXLN�YDQ�,&7�HUYDUHQ��YHUJHOLMNEDDU�PHWGLH� YDQ� GH� RYHULJH� VFKROHQ�� /HUDUHQ� RS� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� KHEEHQ� QHW� DOV� OHUDUHQ� YDQDQGHUH� VFKROHQ� YHHO� EHKRHIWH� DDQ� XLWEUHLGLQJ� YDQ� KXQ� NHQQLV� HQ� YDDUGLJKHGHQ� RS� KHWJHELHG� YDQ� ,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ�� 'H� JHJHYHQV� YDQ� GH� PRQLWRU� PDNHQ� GXLGHOLMN� GDW� GHYRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ�YRRUDOVQRJ�JHHQ�YRRUKRHGH�]LMQ�RS�KHW�JHELHG�NHQQLV�HQ�YDDUGLJKHGHQPHW� EHWUHNNLQJ� WRW� KHW� JHEUXLN� YDQ� ,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ� YRRU� RQGHUZLMVGRHOHLQGHQ�� 'H
6DPHQYDWWLQJ� GLVFXVVLH HQ DDQEHYHOLQJHQ ���
GLGDFWLVFKH� HQ� RUJDQLVDWRULVFKH� JHYROJHQ� YDQ� ,&7�JHEUXLN� LQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� LV� HHQWKHPDWLHN� ZDDU� QLHW� DOOHHQ� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� HQ� DQGHUH� EDVLVVFKROHQ� PHH� ZRUGHQJHFRQIURQWHHUG�� PDDU� HONH� RQGHUZLMVLQVWHOOLQJ� GLH� SUREHHUW� ,&7� WH� JHEUXLNHQ� YRRUYHUQLHXZLQJ�HQ�NZDOLWHLWVYHUEHWHULQJ�YDQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV�� *HJHYHQ� GH� EHSHUNWH� H[SHUWLVH� RS� KHWJHELHG�YDQ�YHUQLHXZHQG�,&7�JHEUXLN�YHUGLHQW�KHW�DDQEHYHOLQJ�RP�WXVVHQ�GH� VHFWRUHQ�YRRU�EDVLVRQGHUZLMV�YRRUWJH]HW� RQGHUZLMV�� EYH� HQ� OHUDUHQRSOHLGLQJHQ� GH� XLWZLVVHOLQJ� YDQ� LQIRUPDWLH� WH� RQGHUVWHXQHQ�6DPHQZHUNLQJ� WXVVHQ� LQVWHOOLQJHQ� XLW� YHUVFKLOOHQGH� VHFWRUHQ� LV� ZHQVHOLMN� ELM� KHW� RSORVVHQ� YDQJHPHHQVFKDSSHOLMNH� YUDDJVWXNNHQ� ]RDOV� KHW� YHUNHQQHQ� RI� LPSOHPHQWHUHQ� YDQ� ,&7�WRHSDVVLQJHQ� LQRQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV��9RRU�GH� EHDQWZRRUGLQJ� YDQ� IXQGDPHQWHOH� YUDDJVWXNNHQ�GLH� ]LFK� LQ�GH� RQGHUZLMV�SUDNWLMN� YRRUGRHQ�� LV� KHW� ZHQVHOLMN� GDW� ZHWHQVFKDSSHOLMNH� LQVWHOOLQJHQ� LQ� GH� YRUP� YDQ� IODQNHUHQGRQGHU]RHN�ELMGUDJHQ�OHYHUHQ��.HQPHUNHQG�YRRU�GLW�W\SH�RQGHU]RHN�LV�GDW�GH�YUDDJVWHOOLQJ�QLHW�DINRPVWLJ�LVXLW� HHQ� ZHWHQVFKDSSHOLMNH� GLVFLSOLQH� PDDU� YRRUNRPW� XLW� GH� RQGHUZLMVSUDNWLMN� GLH� ELM� YRRUNHXU� RRN� GHRSGUDFKWJHYHU�YDQ�KHW�RQGHU]RHN�LV�
Bijdrage van Kennisnet aan deskundigheidsbevordering
+HW�RQWEUHNHQ�YDQ�NHQQLV�HQ�YDDUGLJKHGHQ�ZRUGW�GRRU�GH�VFKROHQ�JH]LHQ�DOV�ppQ�YDQ�GHJURRWVWH� EHOHPPHULQJHQ� YRRU� GH� YHUGHUH� LQYRHULQJ� YDQ� ,&7� LQ� KHW� RQGHUZLMV��:DQQHHUQLHW� YROGDDQ� NDQ� ZRUGHQ� DDQ� GH]H� VFKROLQJVEHKRHIWH�� LV� KHW� GH� YUDDJ� LQ� KRHYHUUHLQYHVWHULQJHQ�LQ�DSSDUDWXXU�QRRG]DNHOLMN�HQ�YHUDQWZRRUG�]LMQ��'H�JHJHYHQV�YDQ�GH�,&7�PRQLWRU� ODWHQ�]LHQ�GDW�GH� WUDGLWLRQHOH� LQVWHOOLQJHQ�YRRU�VFKROLQJ�HQ�RQGHUVWHXQLQJ� �SDERHQ�RQGHUZLMVEHJHOHLGLQJVGLHQVW��YROJHQV�YHHO�VFKROHQ�RQYROGRHQGH�NQRZKRZ�EH]LWWHQ�RPGH� VFKROHQ� WH� EHJHOHLGHQ� ELM� GH� YHUGHUH� LQYRHULQJ� YDQ� ,&7��8LWZLVVHOLQJ� YDQ� NHQQLV� HQHUYDULQJHQ�YLD�FROOHJLDOH�QHWZHUNHQ�YDQ� VFKROHQ�HQ�OHUDUHQ�YHUYXOW�HHQ�VWHHGV�EHODQJULMNHUHURO� ELM� GH� GHVNXQGLJKHLGVEHYRUGHULQJ� YDQ� OHUDUHQ�RS�KHW� JHELHG� YDQ� ,&7�� 1HWZHUNHQ� YDQVFKROHQ�EOLMNHQ�HHQ�NUDFKWLJ�PLGGHO�WH�]LMQ�YRRU�NHQQLVYHUZHUYLQJ�HQ�LQIRUPDWLH�XLWZLVVHOLQJ��+HW�YHUGLHQWDDQEHYHOLQJ� RP� GH]H� YRUP� YDQ� GHVNXQGLJKHLGVEHYRUGHULQJ� PHW� EHKXOS� YDQ� .HQQLVQHW� WH� RQGHUVWHXQHQ�'DDUELM�LV�KHW�YDQ�EHODQJ�RP�UHNHQLQJ�WH�KRXGHQ�PHW�GH�YHUVFKLOOHQGH�UROOHQ�HQ�WDNHQ�GLH�ELM�GH�LQYRHULQJYDQ�,&7�ZRUGHQ�YHUYXOG�GRRU�GH�GLUHFWLH��GH�,&7�FR|UGLQDWRU�HQ�GH�OHUDUHQ�
Algemeen computergebruik en onderwijskundig computergebruik
+HW�EHODQJULMNVWH�YHUVFKLO�WXVVHQ�SHUVRRQOLMN�HQ�RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJ�JHEUXLN�YDQ�,&7�EHWUHIWGH� GLGDFWLVFK�RUJDQLVDWRULVFKH� YDDUGLJKHGHQ�� 'H� UHVXOWDWHQ� YDQ� GH� ,&7�PRQLWRU� JHYHQZHLQLJ�HPSLULVFKH�VWHXQ�DDQ�GH�YHUZDFKWLQJ�GDW�HHQ�OHUDDU�GLH�XLWVWHNHQG�PHW�GH�3&�RPNDQ�JDDQ��RRN�LQ�VWDDW�LV�GH�FRPSXWHU�DGHTXDDW�ELM�KHW�OHVJHYHQ�LQ�WH�]HWWHQ�� 9HHO�DDQGDFKWYRRU�DOJHPHQH�FRPSXWHUYDDUGLJKHGHQ� LV� HHQ�ZHLQLJ� HIIHFWLHYH�PDQLHU� LV� RP�KHW� RQGHUZLMVNXQGLJ� FRPSXWHU�JHEUXLN�GRRU�OHUDUHQ�WH�EHYRUGHUHQ��6FKROLQJ�HQ�LQIRUPDWLH�XLWZLVVHOLQJ�GLHQHQ�YRRUDO�LQ�KHW�WHNHQ�WH�VWDDQYDQ�GH�GLGDFWLVFKH�HQ�RUJDQLVDWRULVFKH�DVSHFWHQ�YDQ�FRPSXWHUJHEUXLN�
Programmatuurontwikkeling
2S� JURQG� YDQ� GH� SUREOHPHQ� GLH� KHW� PHUHQGHHO� YDQ� GH� VFKROHQ� PRPHQWHHO� ELM� GHLQYRHULQJ�YDQ�,&7�HUYDUHQ�� LV�HU�ZHLQLJ�DDQOHLGLQJ�RP�YHHO�DDQGDFKW� WH�EHVWHGHQ�DDQ�GHRQWZLNNHOLQJ�YDQ�SURJUDPPDWXXU��(U�]LMQ�WDO�YDQ�EHOHPPHULQJHQ�GLH�YHHO�VFKROHQ�DOV�HHQJURWHU�NQHOSXQW�HUYDUHQ�GDQ�KHW�WHNRUW�DDQ�SURJUDPPDWXXU��,Q�GH]H�UDSSRUWDJH� LV�HFKWHU]LFKWEDDU� JHPDDNW� KRH]HHU� NQHOSXQWHQ� VDPHQKDQJHQ� PHW� KHW� VWDGLXP� YDQ� LQYRHULQJ�$DQZLM]LQJHQ�YRRU�GH�NQHOSXQWHQ�GLH�PRJHOLMN�LQ�GH�WRHNRPVW�YRRU�KHW�PHUHQGHHO�YDQ�GHVFKROHQ� HHQ� EHOHPPHULQJ� ]XOOHQ� YRUPHQ�� NXQQHQ� ZRUGHQ� RQWOHHQG� DDQ� GH� YRRUKRHGH�VFKROHQ�� 8LW� GH� JHJHYHQV� YDQ� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� EOLMNW� GDW� GH]H� JURHS� VFKROHQ� LQWHJHQVWHOOLQJ�WRW�KHW�PHUHQGHHO�YDQ�GH�DQGHUH�EDVLVVFKROHQ�ZHO�HHQ�VWHUNH�EHKRHIWH�KHHIWDDQ�H[WUD�SURJUDPPDWXXU��+HW�JDDW�GDQ�PHW�QDPH�RP�SURJUDPPDWXXU�GLH�UHNHQLQJ�KRXGWPHW�YHUVFKLOOHQ�WXVVHQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�HQ�DIJHVWHPG�LV�RS�KHW�JHEUXLN� LQ�RQGHUZLMVOHHUVLWXDWLHV
��� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
GLH�YHHO�NHQPHUNHQ�EHYDWWHQ�YDQ�ULMN�JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG�RQGHUZLMV��*HJHYHQ�KHW�VWUHYHQ�YDQGH� PHHVWH� EDVLVVFKROHQ� RP� LQ� GH� WRHNRPVW� PHHU� UHNHQLQJ� WH� KRXGHQ� PHW� YHUVFKLOOHQWXVVHQ�OHHUOLQJHQ��LV�WH�YHUZDFKWHQ�GDW�ELM�GH]H�VFKROHQ�LQ�GH�WRHNRPVW�RRN�GH�EHKRHIWH�]DOWRHQHPHQ� DDQ� SURJUDPPDWXXU� GLH� GH� YRRUKRHGHVFKROHQ� QX� UHHGV� ZHQVHQ�� +HW� YHUGLHQWDDQEHYHOLQJ� RP� WH� DQWLFLSHUHQ� RS� KHW� RQGHUZLMV� YDQ� GH� WRHNRPVW� HQ� QX� UHHGV� WH� LQYHVWHUHQ� LQ� GHRQWZLNNHOLQJ� YDQ� GH� GDDUYRRU� QRRG]DNHOLMNH� SURJUDPPDWXXU�� 'LW� EHWHNHQW� KHW� RQWZLNNHOHQ� YDQSURJUDPPDWXXU�GLH�KHW�OHHUSURFHV�YDQ�OHHUOLQJHQ�LQWHJUDDO�RQGHUVWHXQW�HQ�ZDDUELM�UHNHQLQJ�ZRUGW�JHKRXGHQPHW� YHUVFKLOOHQ� WXVVHQ� OHHUOLQJHQ� LQ� OHHUZHJ�� LQVWUXFWLH� HQ� IHHGEDFN��$OYRUHQV� QLHXZH� SURJUDPPDWXXU� WHRQWZLNNHOHQ�]DO�]RUJYXOGLJ�PRHWHQ�ZRUGHQ�QDJHJDDQ�LQ�KRHYHUUH�GH�SURJUDPPDWXXU�ZDDU�VFKROHQ�EHKRHIWHDDQ�KHEEHQ�QX�DO�EHVFKLNEDDU�LV��PDDU�GRRU�VFKROHQ�QLHW�ZRUGW�JHEUXLNW�RPGDW�]H�HU�QLHW�PHH�EHNHQG�]LMQ�
5HIHUHQWLHV ���
REFERENTIES
%UXPPHOKXLV��$�&�$�� WHQ� �������� 0RGHOV� RI� HGXFDWLRQDO� FKDQJH�� WKH� LQWURGXFWLRQ� RI� FRPSXWHUV� LQ
'XWFK�VHFRQGDU\�HGXFDWLRQ��(QVFKHGH��8QLYHUVLWHLW�7ZHQWH�
%UXPPHOKXLV��$�&�$��WHQ��������� ,&7�PRQLWRU������������%DVLVRQGHUZLMV��(QVFKHGH��2&72�
8QLYHUVLWHLW�7ZHQWH�
%UXPPHOKXLV��$�&�$�� WHQ� �������� ,QIRUPDWLHNXQGH�� HHQ� DFKWHUKDDOG�YDN"� ,QIRUPDWLHEXOOHWLQ
9HUHQLJLQJ�YRRU�,QIRUPDWLHNXQGH�HQ�,QIRUPDWLHWHFKQRORJLH�LQ�KHW�RQGHUZLMV��-DDUJDQJ�����QU�����S�
������
%UXPPHOKXLV��$�&�$�� WHQ��'UHQW��0��� -DQVVHQ�5HLQHQ�� ,�$�0���6ORWPDQ��.�0�-�� �������,&7�PRQLWRU� LQVWUXPHQWERHN� YRRU�KHW� YRRUWJH]HW� RQGHUZLMV� �����������(QVFKHGH��8QLYHUVLWHLW
7ZHQWH�
-DQVVHQ� 5HLQHQ�� ,�$�0�� �������� 7HDFKHUV� DQG� FRPSXWHU� XVH�� WKH� SURFHVV� RI� LQWHJUDWLQJ� ,7� LQ� WKH
FXUULFXOXP��(QVFKHGH��8QLYHUVLWHLW�7ZHQWH�
)XOODQ�� 0�*�� �������� 7KH� QHZ� PHDQLQJ� RI� HGXFDWLRQDO� FKDQJH�� 1HZ� <RUN�� 7HDFKHUV
&ROOHJH�3UHVV�
0HHOLVVHQ�� 0�5�0�� %UXPPHOKXLV�� $�&�$�� WHQ�� � 'UHQW�� 0��� 6ORWPDQ�� .�0�-�� �������9RRUEHHOGHQ� YDQ� ,&7�JHEUXLN�� ,&7�PRQLWRU� ����������� (QVFKHGH�� 2&72�� 8QLYHUVLWHLW
7ZHQWH�
0LQLVWHULH� YDQ� 2QGHUZLMV�� &XOWXXU� � :HWHQVFKDSSHQ� �������� ,QYHVWHUHQ� LQ� YRRUVSURQJ�� KHW
DFWLHSODQ��'HQ�+DDJ��6'8�
0LQLVWHULH� YDQ�2QGHUZLMV��&XOWXXU��:HWHQVFKDSSHQ� �������� 2QGHUZLMV� RQOLQH�� YHUELQGLQJHQ
QDDU�GH�WRHNRPVW��'HQ�+DDJ��6'8�
3HOJUXP��:�-�� � $QGHUVRQ�� 5�(�� �HGV��� �������� ,&7� DQG� WKH� HPHUJLQJ� SDUDGLJP� IRU� OLIH� ORQJ
OHDUQLQJ�� D� ZRUOG� ZLGH� HGXFDWLRQDO� DVVHVVPHQW� RI� LQIUDVWUXFWLYH� JRDOV� DQG� SUDFWLFHV�� $PVWHUGDP�
,QWHUQDWLRQDO�$VVRFLDWLRQ�IRU�WKH�(YDOXDWLRQ�RI�(GXFDWLRQDO�$FKLHYHPHQW�
��� ,&7�PRQLWRU ���������� %DVLVRQGHUZLMV
top related