graphics processing unit (gpu)

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GPU

• Presentation Prepared by • SAATWIK KUMAR

• 1101219423• ETC, ET-2

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– What is GPU? – When was GPU discovered?

• High Performance Computing – Current Top Ten List– GPU ARCHITECTURE– What is GPU Pipeline?– Where Is GPU Data Stored?– Applications

Presentation Overview

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A Graphics Processing Unit or GPU (also occasionally called Visual Processing Unit or VPU) is a dedicated processor efficient at manipulating and displaying computer graphics .

Like the CPU (Central Processing Unit), it is a single-chip processor.

• A graphics processing unit or GPU is a specialized microprocessor that discharge and accelerates 3D or 2D graphics. It is used in embedded systems, mobile phones, personal computers, workstations, and game consoles.

What is GPU ?

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• Virtually All Current Videos Cards are built with either - - sourced or - sourced.

• GPU was defined and popularized by

• In 1999, Nvidia marketed the GeForce 256 as "the world's first 'GPU', or Graphics Processing Unit, a single-chip processor with integrated transform, lighting, triangle setup/clipping, and delivering engines that is capable of processing a minimum of 10 million polygons per second."

When was GPU discovered?

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Historically, Video cards developed from the need to display Graphics with

growing higher resolutions and color depths on IBM PC Compatible

Computers.

• Standards such as CGA, MDA• (monochrome display adapter), HGC etc

were introduced from1982 to 1990 and supported by a variety of Hardware Maunfactures.

10/29/2014

Current Top Ten List• #1 GeForce GTX 580

#2 GeForce GTX 480#3 Quadro 6000#4 GeForce GTX 570#5 GeForce GTX 470#6 Radeon HD 6870#7 Radeon HD 6850#8 Radeon HD 5870#9 WinFast GTX 460#10 Radeon HD 5970

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The GPU pipeline

The GPU receives geometry information from the CPU as an input and provides a picture as an output

Let’s see how that happens…

hostinterface

vertexprocessing

trianglesetup

pixel processing

memoryinterface

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Host InterfaceThe host interface is the communication bridge

between the CPU and the GPU. It receives commands from the CPU and also pulls

geometry information from system memory. It outputs a stream of vertices in object space with all

their associated information (texture coordinates, per vertex color etc) .

hostinterface

vertexprocessing

trianglesetup

pixel processing

memoryinterface

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Vertex ProcessingThe vertex processing stage receives vertices from

the host interface in object space and outputs them in screen space

This may be a simple linear transformation, or a complex operation involving morphing effects

No new vertices are created in this stage, and no vertices are discarded (input/output has 1:1 mapping)

hostinterface

vertexprocessing

trianglesetup

pixel processing

memoryinterface

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Triangle setupIn this stage geometry information becomes raster

information (screen space geometry is the input, pixels are the output)

Prior to rasterization, triangles that are back facing or are located outside the viewing

are rejected

hostinterface

vertexprocessing

trianglesetup

pixel processing

memoryinterface

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Triangle Setup (cont…..)

A pixel is generated if and only if its center is inside the triangle

Every pixel generated has its attributes computed to be the perspective correct interpolation of the three vertices that make up the triangle

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Pixel Processing

Each pixel provided by triangle setup is fed into pixel processing as a set of attributes which are used to compute the final color for this pixel

The computations taking place here include texture mapping and math operations

hostinterface

vertexprocessing

trianglesetup

pixel processing

memoryinterface

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Memory InterfacePixel colors provided by the previous stage are

written to the frame bufferUsed to be the biggest bottleneck before pixel

processing took overBefore the final write occurs, some pixels are

rejected by the z buffer .On modern GPUs z is compressed to reduce frame buffer bandwidth (but not size).

hostinterface

vertexprocessing

trianglesetup

pixel processing

memoryinterface

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Where is GPU Data Stored?

– Vertex buffer– Frame buffer– Texture

Vertex BufferVertex

ProcessorRasterizer

FragmentProcessor

Frame Buffer(s)

Texture

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Some applications…..

Computer generated holography using a graphics processing unit

Improve the performance of CAD tools.Computer graphics in games

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