gesneriac eae. current angiosperm phylogeny group tree for flowering plants bignoniaceae, lamiales

GESNERIACEAE

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Current Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Tree

for Flowering Plants

Bignoniaceae,LAMIALES

LAMIALES

AcanthaceaeBignoniaceaeByblidaceaeCarlemanniaceaeCyclocheilaceaeLamiaceaeLentibulariaceaeMartyniaceaeMyoporaceaeOrobanchaceaePaulowniaceaePedaliaceaePhrymaceaePlantaginaceaeSchlegeliaceaeScrophulariaceaeStilbaceaeVerbenaceae

Asterids with • superior ovaries,• leaves mostly opposite• bilateral symmetry,• stamens fewer than

petals• fruit a capsule

Lamiales with • hairy leaves• leaves of a pair unequal• many small seeds • parietal placentation

Gesneriaceae are not often eaten by the caterpillar larvae of butterflies (Ehrlich & Raven 1964).

Gesneriaceae

GESNERIACEAE (LAMIALES, EUASTERIDS I)

NUMBERS: 150 Genera, 3200 species

GEOGRAPHY: almost entirely tropical (also in Mediterranean, common in greenhouses)

HABITAT: wet forests, rain forests; streambeds and cave openings in drier forests

ASTERIDAE CHARACTERS: fused petals, two carpellate gynoecium, stamens equal to or fewer than petals, adnate to

petals, disk present

LAMIALES CHARACTERS: leaves opposite, bilaterally symmetrical flowers with stamens fewer than corolla lobes,

superior ovary, fruit a capsule

CHARACTERS DIAGNOSTIC OF FAMILY:

Habit terrestrial or epiphytic herbs (a few weak-stemmed trees)

Leaves simple, unequal (anisophyllous), usually serrate, fleshy and often soft-hairyIndument of glandular hairs or hairs

with thickened terminal cells

Flowers large and showy

Corolla five-lobed, variously bilabiate

Stamens four or two, staminodes common

Seeds small and numerous

SUBFAMILIAL CLASSIFICATION – TWO DIVERSE SUBFAMILIES --

1. Didymocarpoideae -- style usually not well set off from ovary; fruit elongated

Aeschynanthus (180),Cyrtandra (550),Henckelia (155),Streptocarpus (155: inc. Saintpaulia),

2. Gesnerioideae --leaves sometimes spiral; flowers sometimes resupinate.; ovary superior to inferior; fruit sometimes with fleshy placentae or funuculiAlloplectus (75+),Besleria (150),Columnea (s.l. = 270+) New World.Gesneria (60),Drymonia (140+),Paradrymonia (70+),Sinningia (60),

plus two obscure subfamilies

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Aeschynanthus

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Streptocarpus

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Episcia

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Alloplectus

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Besleria

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Columnea

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Columnea

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Columnea

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Columnea

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Drymonia

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Drymonia - a gangly tall herb of cloud forests

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Sinningia (gloxinia)

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