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7/27/2019 General ventilation guidance.pdf
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166116
GENERAL VENTILATION
GUIDANCE
FOR
EMPLOYERS
HSE
Health SaIet
Executive
THE
WORKPLACE
.
r
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GENERAL VENTILATION
IN
TH
E:::WORKPLACE
GUIDANCE
FOR
EMPLOYERS
HSG2O2
HSE
BOOKS
1
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©Crown
copyright
2000
Applications
or
reproduction
hould
be
made in
writing
to:
Copyright
Unit,
Her
Majesty's Stationery
Office,
St.Clements
House,
2-16
Colegate,
Norwich
NR3 IBO
First
published
2000
ISBN
07176
17939
AU
rights
reserved. No
part
of this
publication
may
be
reproduced,
stored in a retrieval
system,
or transmitted in
any
formor
by any
means
(electronic,
mechanical,
photocopying,
recording
or
otherwise)
without
the
prior
written
permission
of the
copyright
owner.
This
guidance
s issued
by
the Health and
Safety
Executive.
Following
he
guidance
s
not
compulsory
and
you
are free totake other
action. But
if
you
do follow the
guidanceyou
will
normally
be
doing enough
to
comply
with
the law. Health and
safety
inspectors
seek o
secure
compliance
with the law and
may
refer
tothis
guidance
as
illustrating good practice.
II
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I
CONTENTS
I
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS GENERAL VENTILATION?
WHY
IS
FRESH AIR REQUIRED
IN
THE
WORKPLACE?
Health effects of
insufficient
fresh air
PRINCIPLES
OF
NATURALVENTILATION
WHEN TO USEGENERAL VENTILATION
Use of recirculated air
Emergencies
STANDARDS
OF
GENERAL VENTILATION
Factories,
hospitals,
laboratories etc
Offices,
shops,
theatres etc
Standards for
gas,
coal oroil fired
equipment
Air
movement
HOW
TO
ACHIEVE EFFECTIVE
VENTILATION IN YOUR WORKPLACE
ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
YOUR VENTILATION SYSTEM
Maintenanceof mechanicalventilation
systems
WHAT THE LAW REQUIRES YOU TO DO
REFERENCES
FURTHER INFORMATION
HSE Publications
British
Standards Institution
Publications
Other
publications
Useful
organisations
2
3
4
5
6
6
6
8
8
8
8
10
II
12
13
14
14
14
14
15
111
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I
INTRODUCTION
I
I
Everyone working
in
offices, shops,
factories,
hospitals,
aboratoriesetc
requires
a
minimum standard of freshairto
produce
a
healthyworking
environment. One
way
hat
this canbe
provided
is
by
effective
general
ventilation. This
guidance
is aimed at
employers
o
help
hem
understand the
benefits and limitations
of
effective
general
ventilation n
the
workplace.
2 This
guide
defines
general
ventilationand
gives
informationonfreshair
requirements.
t
also looksat he
principles
and useof
general
ventilationasameans of
controlling
exposure
tosubstanceshazardous
o
health
as
required
undertheControl of SubstancesHazardous to
Health
Regulations
(COSHH)
1999'
and
the
associated
Approved
Codes of
Practice.2
It
gives
hecurrentventilation standardsand
advises
you,
the
employer,
on howtoachieve
effective
general
ventilation in
your
workplace.
Itoutlines
the
methods
used
to
assess
he
effectiveness of
your
ventilation
system
and
sets
out he
legislation
on
what
you
are
required
to
do
to
ensure
effective ventilation.
The
guide
also tells
you
whereto
get
further
information and
help.
3
This
guide
doesnot dealwith ventilation
of:
A
processes
requiring
local exhaust
ventilation
LEV);
A
some
specialised premises,
for
example
livestock buildings,
confinedspaces,mines
or
flammable
tores;
or
A domestic
premises.
4 This
guide
doesnotdeal
with
systems
for
controlling
smoke
and
combustion
products
from accidental firesor he
consequences
of
condensationandmould
growth.
WHAT IS GENERAL
VENTILATION?
5
Generalventilation
or
dilution' ventilation
is
a term used
to
define
theflowof
air
into and
out
ofa
working
area,
for
example
anoffice
space,
so that
any
contaminants re diluted
by
adding
some
fresh air. This can be
providedby:
A Natural ventilation which relies onwind
pressure
and
temperature
differences
to
move freshair
through
a
building
and
is
usually
not
fullycontrollable; and
A
'Forced'
or
mechanical
ventilationwhichuses
mechanical
supply
and/or
extraction to
provide
fresh air and iscontrollable
(see Figure I).
WHY IS FRESH AIR
REQUIRED
IN
THE
WORKPLACE?
6
You
need
to
provide
freshair
to:
A
provideoxygen
for
breathing
n and
to
removecarbon dioxidefrom
breathing
out;
A removeexcessheat
or,
if
conditioned,
provide
heat
eg
inwinterand
keep
a
comfortable
temperature;
A
dilute and remove
body
and other
types
of
odours
(eg
food);
and
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A dilute
any
contaminants aused
by
workplace
activities ie
the
use of
dilution'
ventilation
following
a
risk
assessment).
7
Fresh air is clean' airwhichhascome from a
source outsidethe
workplace.
Themain
constituentsof
dry
air
by
volume
are:
A
nitrogen
A
oxygen
A
inert
gases
A
carbon
dioxide
8
The fresh air' which is
brought
into
your
workplace
shouldbefree of contaminants uch
as
engine
exhaust emissions,or
discharges
fromoilor
gas
fired flues orextract outlets.
If
you expect
the
inlet air
tobe
heavily
contaminatedwith
particulates eg heavy
traffic,
smoke
etc)
thenitshouldbe filtered. Air
to berecirculated shouldbe
adequately
2
filteredtoremove
particulates,
andshould
have freshair
added to
it
before
being
reintroduced intothe
workplace.
9 When
providing
freshair for
your
employees,
make surethereareno
uncomfortable
draughts
fromthemovementof
air.
Health effects of insufficientfresh air
10 Insufficient
freshair may
lead
to
tiredness,
lethargy,
headaches,
dry
or
itchy
skinand
eye
irritation
in
youremployees.
These
symptoms
may
also
be
produced
whilst
working
in
poorly
designed buildings
and officesandwhere
thereare
unsatisfactory working
conditions,
or
example
he
inability
of
workers
to
control
certain
aspects
of heir
work. The
symptoms
are
generallyworse
n
buildingswhere
there
s
not
enough
freshair.Thesearecommon
symptoms
ofwhatis
generally
knownas sick
buildingsyndrome'
(SBS).
Extractor
an
Figure
I:
Mechanical entilation
using
ans
to
supply
and extractair
Freshair
supply
an
inwall
78.08%
20 94%
0.95%
0.03%
(300
parts
per
million)
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11
TheHSE
publication
How to deal
with sick
buildingsyndromes
gives
nformation
on
the
causes ofSBSand
guidance
on how o
prevent
it.
PRINCIPLES
OF
NATURAL
VENTILATION
12 A
basic
knowledge
of he
principles
of
naturalventilationcan
help
youunderstand
how
to
use
general
ventilation
as
a
way
of
controlling exposure
to
contaminants
produced
in the
workplace.
13 Natural ventilation
s
produced
by
the
effectsof
emperature
and
changes
n air
pressure
ie
wind.
Temperature
and air
Air
passes
through
building
via
open
windows
to
remove
contaminants
Windows
closed
Figure
2: cross-ventilation o
remove contaminants in
an
office building
pressure
differences
in
a
building
create an
upwardmovementof air
or
stack effect.
Occasionally,
there
can
be
downward air
movement ftheair iscold.
14 Wind forces
are
affected
by
wind
speed,
winddirectionand the
shape
ofthe
building.
Cross-ventilation occurs whenwindblowsair
through
aroomor
building
whichhas
openings,
for
example
windowson
opposite
sides
(see
Figure
2).
Single-sided
ventilation
occurs
when hereareoneormore
openings(such
as
awindow
and a
door)
on
oneside
only.
15
Stack
ventilation
may
be
effective
enough
to
carryvapoursgenerated by
small-scale
hot
industrial
processesupwards. They
can then
be
removed
through
he
roofviaroof
Air
enters
through
open
windows
Airbecomes
stagnant
if
windows
and
doors
shut
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Coolairenters
at
low evel
through
open
windows
Vapour
aden air rises o
roof
where
it
accumulates
or
escapes hrough
roof
vent
tt
tt
Hot
processproducing
fumes
Figure
3:
Stack ventilation
o
remove
vapours through roof
ventilators
ventilatorsorextraction
ans, If
coolerair
comes
in
at
a ow
evel,
it
will
displace
the
warm
rising
contaminated
ir,
ie
displacement
ventilation
(seeparagraph
20)
(see
Figure
3).
WHEN
TO
USE
GENERAL VENTILATION
16
Toensureawellventilated
workplace you
should
providegeneral
ventilation that removes
stale,
contaminated,
or hot and humidairso hat
your employees
do not
suffer
any
ill-health
effects.There is
guidance
on
how
you
can
ensure thermalcomfortat
your
workplace
in
the
4
HSE
publication
Thermal
comfort
n the
workplace.4
17 You
may
consider
using
effectivenatural
and/or
mechanical
generalventilation
o
provide
the fresh
air
supply.
18 Asan
employer,
f
youcarry
out
ndustrial or
non-industrial work
processes (eghairdressing,
catering)you
will
be
required
to
undertakea
riskassessmentunder
heCOSHH
Regulations.
This means
assessing
he riskstohealthof
your
employees
who
may
be
potentiallyexposed
to
substanceshazardous
o
health. You
maythen
need to
prevent
or
adequately
control such
exposure.
If
ventilation is
not
sufficient,
the
vapour
willcollect in theroof
space
ordrift
back down
tt
9
Vapour
whichdoes
not
escapemay hang
instratified
layer
open
windows
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19 If hecontaminantsofsuch a low
oxicity
and produced
in
such
low
concentrations hat it
would be
mpractical
and
costly
o use
local
exhaust
ventilation,
you may
decide
to
use
general
ventilationas
part
of
your
control
strategy (see
HSE
publication
COSHH
Essentials).5
However,
if
herearea
mall
number of
well-spaced
contaminant
ources,
using
LEV
may
bemore costeffective
than
general
ventilation
(see
Figure
4).
There
may
be
instanceswhere ntermittent
exposure
o
a
substance exceedsthe
assigned
Occupational
Exposure
Limit
(OEL),
or
example
during
welding
and
paintspraying.
In this
case,
you
should consider
using
LEV to
control
exposure.
20 When
you
use
general
ventilation o
control
exposure
tocontaminants
generated
from
industrial
processes,
itis
essential
hat:
A the rate ofcontaminant
produced
is ow
enough
forittobe
effectively
diluted
by
the
airflow
rate;
A thecontaminant hasa ow
toxicity
(see
the
Chemicals (Hazard Informationand
Packaging
for
Supply)
(Amendment)
Regulations
19996);
A thecontaminant is
produced
at
a
uniform
rate;
A
theworkers
are
positioned
at90°tothe
air
flow
(the
contaminantair must not
bedrawn
orblown
towards
he
facesof
the
operatives);
A
the
contaminant
s
generated
in low
concentrations nd can
be
controlled
o he
assigned
OEL
(see
HSE
publication
EH4O/20007);
and
A the
air
flow does
not
affect the
performance
of other
extraction
systems
eg
fume
cupboards,
LEV.
Use of recirculatedair
21
You
may
want
to use
recirculated
air
to
conserve
energy
costs.
The
extractedair
Localexhaust
ventilation s
used to
control
hazardous
substances
Dilution
ventilation
removes
any
airborne
contaminants
when lids are
removed
Figure
4:A
factory
using
a combination
of
ocalexhaustventilationand dilution ventilation o controlairborne
contaminants
5
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returned
tothe
workroom
can
be
provided
by
mechanical
ventilation such
as an
air-
conditioning system.Conditioning
includes
heating
or
cooling
the
air,
filtering
it
and,
in
some
cases,
adiusting
he
humidity
o
provide
themost
comfortable
working
conditions
j
(seeFigure 5).
22
This reatment is
unlikely
toremove
all
contaminants. In
some cases
they may
reach
suchhighconcentrations hat theycause health
problems.
Thismeans that
you
should
provide
an
adequate supply
ofair intothe
system
ata
sufficientrate
to
replace
lost air.This
way you
can dilutethe
contaminants
using
thecorrect
freshair
supply
rate.
Emergencies
23
You
must
use
a
risk
assessment
to
decide
how o
manage
an
emergency.
Thiscould
be
a
spillage
or
release
of
asubstancehazardous
to
health,
which
may
be
a
mist, vapour,
gas,
fume
or
dust,
into he
atmosphere. Depending
on
the evel ofrisk
you may
thenuse
general
ventilation odilutethe
air,for instance
opening
awindowto
provide rapid
ventilation
of he
environment.
24
However,
when
your
employees
enteran
emergency
areafor
cleaningup
they
should
use other
control
measures,
for
example
wearing
suitable
respiratoryprotective
equipment
to
protect
themfrom
potential
exposure
to
hazardous
ubstances.
25 If
necessary,
ventilation
ystems
which
recirculateair must
be
switched
off
to
reduce
the riskof
ireand
explosion
during
he
emergency.
6
STANDARDS OF
GENERAL VENTILATION
26
The
Workplace (Health,
Safety
and
Welfare)
Regulations
1992
(WHSW),8
egulation
6
requires
that
you,
the
employer,
dowhat
s
neededtomakesure hat
every
enclosed
workplace
is ventilated
by
asufficient
quantity
of freshor
purified
air.
27 TheGuidance9for
regulation
6states that
the freshair
supply
rate to
yourworkplace
should
not
normally
fall below
5to8 litres
per
second,
per
occupant.
You
need to
consider
several actors when
deciding
the
appropriate
rate for
your workplace.
These include:
A
the
amount offloorspace
available
peroccupant;
A
thework
activity;
A
the
smoking
habits ofthe
occupants;
and
A
whether
there
areother sourcesofairborne
contamination
rising
from
process
machinery,
heaters,furniture,
furnishings
etc.
Factories,
hospitals,
laboratoriesetc
28
If
you
use
general
ventilation ocontrol
exposure
to
a
substance hazardous o
health,
it
is
important
hat
you
choose the
right
air
supply
rate. This should
reduce
the
concentrationsof
the
contaminants
o
well
belowthe
appropriate
OELsor
to
asafe evel
where
OELs
are not
specified
so as to
protect
youremployees
from ill health.
29 In this
case,
itisadvisabletoconsult an
occupational
hygienist
and/oraventilation
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Figure
5:
Examples of
ecirculation
systems
7
Theuseof resh air
and recirculated air
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on
the
correctventilation ate
and
design.
Offices,
shops,
theatres etc
30
Employees
n
offices,
shops
and
in the
entertainment
industry
are
exposed
to
contaminants
rising
from
many
sources
including
carpets,
urniture,
cleaningproducts,
heaters,
photocopiers,
he
building
tself,
the
ventilation
ducting
and
from
the
outside
environment.
31 Generalventilation is needed oremove
odours,
in
particularbody
odoursfrom
people,
rather thantoreduce adverse healtheffects.
32
The recommendedfreshair
supply
rates
perperson
are
given
in theCIBSE
GuideA:
Environmental
Design'°
producedby
he
CharteredInstitutionof
Building
Services
Engineers
CIBSE).
Theseare basedon
diluting
personal
odourand
cigarette
smoke even
thoughmany companies
now
operate
a
no
smoking' policy
orallocate
separate smoking
areas.
33 Arecommendedfresh air
supply
rate
of
8 litres
per
second
per
person
should
provide
a clean
and
hygienic workplace in
open
plan
offices,
shops
andeven
factories.
Higher
resh
air
supply
ratesof
up
to36litres
per
second
per
person
arerecommended
or
heavily
contaminated
buildings
e 70%of
people
smoking (see
CIBSE Guide
A'°).
Standards for
gas,
coal or oil fired
equipment
34
If
you
use
gas,
coaloroil fired
equipment,
the freshair
requirements
will
depend
on
what
kind of
flue
arrangement
you
use.
Room
8
flue
(drawing
air
from the room
and
discharging
products
outside) and unflued
appliances
(drawing
air
fromand
discharging
products
nto
the
room).
Furtherdetails
are
given
in
the
relevantBritishStandards
(see
Further
Information).
35 Yourworkers
are
at
risk of
gas
poisoning,
in
particular
romcarbon
monoxide,
ifthere s
not
enough
freshair in theroomtoremove
combustion
products, especially
rom unflued
combustion
equipment.
Itis essentialthatall
appliances
are
expertly
nstalled and receive
regular
maintenanceand
servicing
by
a
competent person.
Air movement
36 Airmovementcaused
bygeneral
ventilation
can affectcomfortable
working
conditions.
Your
workerswillbe
happier
f
hey
canalter
heir
environment,
for
examplebyopening
or
shutting
a
windowwhen
required.
Atnonnal
emperatures
an
air
flow
velocity
of between
0.1 to0.15
metres
per
secondand
up
to
0.25 metres
per
second
during
thesummer srecommended
y
CIBSE.'°
Keepdraughts
to
aminimum.
HOW
TO ACHIEVE
EFFECTIVE
VENTILATION
IN
YOUR
WORKPLACE
37 If
yourworkplace
is
appropriatelydesigned,
for
example by providingspace
for
flexibility,
and if he
building
ssituated wherethere s
enough
shade o
minimisesummerheat,
then
you
should
be
ableto
obtain
adequate
natural
ventilation.
engineer
or
other
competent person
to
decide ventilation ates can
vary
considerably
for
open
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38
In
most
buildings
make
up
air
(air
to
replace
that
lost
from
the
building)
will
be
supplied indirectly hroughgaps
around
doors
andwindow frames or
directly hrough
vents,
windows,
grilles
and
open
doors.
39 But thereare
hings you
can
do tomake
sure
you
have
effective
ventilation
n
your
workplace:
A
install trickle
ventilators
n
window frames
aswell as
having
windowsthat
open
to
provide
controllable
draught
free
ventilation
it
is
important
hat
in
winter
any
windows
are
well
sealedand
secure
when
closed)
(see
Figure
6);
A
keep
doorsand
windows
open
to
provide
a
good supply
ofmake
up
air
(in
winter
when
thedoorsand
windows
are
shut,
you
can
supply
make
up
air
hrough
air vents and
extract
any
contaminatedair
using
a
suitable
systemeg
via roof
vents);
A
position
ans
to
extract
contaminatedair
through
anextraction
point
downwind
or
to
supply
fresh air on
awall
and/or
in
the roof,
in
particular
f
your workplace
has
a
arge
internal
space (as
in
many
industrial
units,
garages
and
warehouses);
A use
fans
on
the
wall
of
each
sideof he
building
o
keep
fresh
air
flowing
Figure
6: Natural ventilation
moving resh
air
hrough
a
building
Airenters
and
escapes
hrough
gaps
around
building
Open
windows
9
Air
containing contaminants
escapes
to
atmosphere
via root
vents
Fresh
air
enters
via
windowsand/or
openings
or
vents
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throughout
he
building
eone
extracting
the
contaminatedair
while
the
other
supplies
fresh
air
(make
sure
your
employees
work
between theair
supply
and
contaminant
ource).
For
example,
n
mortuaries
freshair shouldbe
provided by
aninlet located in the
ceiling
and extracted
at
a
ow level
outlet o
reduce
the
riskof
microbes
being
inhaled;
A
use
a
combination
of
extraction
fans
in
the
wall
and/or
roof, with
open
windows
and
doors
to
supply
make
upair;
A
discharge
any
exhausted air above
the
roof
andmakesure hat there sno
opening
for
supply
air near theexhaust
discharge
making
allowance for wind
effects;
and
A locate
any
exhaustfans
as near he
source
of he
contamination
as
possible.
40
Situate
any
extract
and
supply
fan tomake
sure hat there is
enough
air movement o
remove
stale
and contaminatedairfrom all
parts
of
he
roomor
building.
Otherwise
you
may
create
poorly
ventilated areas or
dead
zones'.
41
You can
use
portable
fans
to
achievean
adequate
air
flowat
specific
sites
within
a
building
o
keep
employees
coolor o
remove contaminants
generated
from a
particularprocess.
42
To
keep
internalconditionsconstant
or
to
keep
a
process
cleanfrom airborne
contaminants
you
can
use
a more
complex
mechanical
systemwhere
the
air
is
recirculated
after
being
filtered.
10
43 When
required,your
initial assessment
(see
paragraph
18)
should start
with information on
your workplace layout,
thenumber of
your
employees
and
their
views on
the
ventilation
provided,
the
likely
source of
pollution,
evidence of
draughts,
thermal conditionsand
the
ypes
ofventilation
ystem you
are
using.
Once
you
have collected this
data
you
can then
assess whether heventilation
ystems you
use
provide
sufficient
freshair.
44 Various
techniques
canbe
used
toassess
the
effectiveness
of
building
ventilation
systems
rangingfrom
the
simplesmoke
test
o
themore
complex
measurementof racer
gas.
Examples
include:
A
using
smoke ubes
to
visualise he
pattern
ofair movementina
workplace;
A
measuring
air velocitieseither
n
the
workroom, in ductworkorat
grilles
to
determine air
flow
rates;
A
using
racers
to ollow
air movement
through
a
building
or todetermine theair
exchange
rates
by plotting
he
decay
rate of
a racer
gas
(see
HSE
publication
Measurement
of
air
change
rates n
factories
and
offices");
A
monitoring
airborne contaminants
rom an
industrial process;
and
ASSESSING THE
EFFECTIVENESS
OF
YOURVENTILATION
SYSTEM
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A
measuring
carbon dioxideconcentration
within
the
workplace;
levels over 1000ppm
may
indicate
nadequate
ventilation
(see
CIBSE
Guidance
Note
Healthy
Workplaces2).
45 Ventilation
monitoring using
tracers
orairborne contaminants sa
specialised technique
and
should
be
carriedout
by people
with
the
right
expertise
and
equipment,
for
example
occupational
hygienists.
Maintenance ofmechanical
ventilation
systems
46
The
ACOP
to
regulation
6ofthe
WHSW
Regulations
1992
requires
that
any
mechanical
ventilation
ystems, ncluding
air
conditioning
systems,
which
you
use to
provide
freshair
should
be
regularly
and properly
cleaned,
testedand maintained o make sure that
they
are
kept
clean and free from
anything
which
may
contaminateheairandcause
health
problems.
47 As
a
general
rule,
if
you
run
your finger
along
he
opening
of
a
duct
and
it
collectsdust
thenit
probably
needs
cleaning. Organisations
suchas the
Heating
and
Ventilating
Contractors
Association
(HVCA)
and
the
Chartered
Institution
of
Building
Services
Engineers
(CIBSE)provide
informationon
testing
for
likelycontaminants in ductwork
and
on
cleaning.
48
If
you provide general
ventilation
by
mechanical
systems
toreduceconcentrations
of
contaminants
n
the
workplace
environment
which would otherwise
cause
ill
health,
then
regulation
6
(2)
of he
WHSW
Regulations
19928
states hat
you
willneed to includeaneffective
visible
or
audible
alarm
to
warn
of
a
failure in
the
system.
11
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WHAT
THE
LAW
REQUIRES
YOU
TO
DO
49 The Health
and
Safety
atWork
etc
Act
I974,'
Section
2
(2)
(e)
requires
that
you,
as
an
employer,provide
and maintain a
working
environment
hat
is,
so far
as is
reasonably
practicable,
safe
and
without isk ohealth.
50
The Control
of
Substances Hazardous
o
Health
Regulations
1999'
(COSHH)
regulations 6,7
and8
require
that
you
undertakeariskassessment and
prevent
or
control the
exposure
of
youremployees
to
substanceshazardous tohealth
by
using
suitablecontrol measureswhich includes
general
ventilation.
Maintenance,
examination and
testing
ofthecontrol
measures
(forexample
general
ventilation)
o
meet
the
requirements
of
regulation
7
are
covered
by
regulation
9.
51 The
Workplace(Health,
Safety
and
Welfare) Regulations1992,8
regulation
5
requires
that
mechanical
ventilation
ystems
used or
providinggeneral
ventilationare
12
maintained
(including
cleaned as
appropriate)
in an efficient
state,
inefficient
working
order
and
in
good repair.Regulation6requires
that
you
ensureeffective ventilation or
any
enclosed
workplace
by providing
asufficient
quantity
of
freshor
purified
air.
The
associated
Approved
Code ofPractice andGuidance9
givesyou
practical guidance.
Note that itdoes
not
specify
how
you
can achieveeffective
ventilation
but
refers
you
tomore detailed
guidance
elsewhere.
52
Also,
regulations
21
and25
require
that
you,
the
employer,
ensure
hat
oilets
arewell
ventilatedso that offensive odoursdonot
linger
and
that
rest rooms and rest areas
includesuitable
arrangements
o
protect
non-
smokers rom discomfort caused
bysmoking.
53
Under
he
Safety Representatives
and
Safety
Committees
Regulations
1977'
and
the
Health
and
Safety(Consultation
with
Employees) Regulations
I
996,'
information
on
thecontrol
measures
used
including
general
ventilation hould
be
made
available
tothe
employees.
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REFERENCES
I
I
The
Control
of
Substances Hazardous to Health
Regulations
1999SI 1999/437
Stationery
Office
1999ISBN
0
II
0820878
2
GeneralCOSI-IHACOP
(Controlof
substances
hazardous to
health)
and
Carcinogens
ACOP
(Control
ofcarcinogenic
ubstances)
and
Biological agents
ACOP
(Controlof
biological
agents).
Control
of
Substances Hazardous to Health
Regulations
1999.
Approved
Codes
of
Practice
L5
HSE Books 1999 ISBN
0
7176 16703
3
How todealwith
SBSsick
building syndrome:
Guidance
foremployers, building
owners
and
building
managers
HSG
132
HSE Books
1995
I5BN07176
0861
I
4
Thermal
comfort
n
the
workplace
HSG
194
HSE
Books 1999 ISBN
0
7176 2468 4
5
COSHH Essentials:
Easy steps
to
control
chemicals
HSG
193 HSE Books 1999
ISBN 071762421 8
6
Chemicals Hazard
Information
&
Packaging
forSupply(Amendment) Regulations
1997
SI
1997/1460
Stationery
Office 1997
ISBN
0 II
063750
X
7
Occupational Exposure
Limits
Guidance
Note
EH4O/2000 HSE Books 2000
ISBN 07176
1315
I
8
The
Workplace (Health, Safety
and
Welfare)
Regulations
1992 SI
1992/3004
HMSO
1992
ISBN
0
II
025804
5
9
Workplacehealth, safety
and
welfare.
Workplace (Health, Safety
and
Welfare) Regulations
1992:
Approved
Code
of
Practice
and
guidance
L24
HSE Books 1992 SBN
0717604136
10CIBSE Guide: VolumeA: Environmental
design
CIBSE
1999
ISBN
0 900953 95 0
II
Measurement
of
air
change
rates in
factories
and
offices
MDHS 73 HMSO 1992
ISBN
0 II
885 693 6
12
Healthy
Workplaces:
Guidance to
complying
with
the 1992health and
safety regulations
CIBSE
Guidance Note
GN2:
1993 ISBN
0
900953
58
6
13The Health and
Safety
atWork etc Act 1974
CH37
HMSO
ISBN
0
10 543774
3
14The
Safety
Representatives
and
Safety
Committees
Regulations
1977SI 1977/500
HMSO 1997
ISBN
0
11
070500
9
15The Health and
Safety
(Consultation
with
Employees)Regulations
1996 SI 1996/1513 HMSO
1996 ISBN
0 II
054839 6
13
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FURTHER
INFORMATION
HSE
publications
ApprovedSupply
List
(5th
edition)
In
ormation
approved
for
he
classification
and
labelling
of
substances
and
preparations dangerousfor
supply.
Chemicals
(Hazard
In
ormation
and
Packaging
for
Supp y)(Amendment) Regulations
1994
(as
amended). ApprovedList.
HSE Books
1999
ISBN 07176
17254
Safety
in the installationand
use
ofgassystems
and
appliances.
Gas
Safety
(Installationand Use)
Regulations
1994.
Approved
Code
of
Practice
and
guidance
L56 HSE Books 1994
ISBN 07176 16355
Maintenance,
examination
and
testing
of
ocal exhaust
ventilation
2nd edition
HSG54 HSE Books
1998
ISBN
07176
14859
Ventilation
of
kitchens in
catering
establishmentsHSE
Information Sheet:
Catering
Sheet No
10
HSE
Books 1997
Thecontrol
of egionellosis including legionnaires
disease2nd edition HSG7O HSE Books 1993
ISBN
071760451 9
An introduction o local exhaustventilationHSG37
HMSO 1993 ISBN 0 II 8821342
Passive
smoking
at
work:
Workplace
air
pollution
INDG63REV HMSO 1992
British
Standards
Institution
publications
Code
of
practice for
mechanical ventilationand
air
conditioning
n
buildings
BS 5720:1979 British
Standards Institution 1979 ISBN 05801071 83
14
Code
of
practice
for
ventilation
principles
and
designing
for
naturalventilation BS 5925:1991 British
Standards Institution 1991
ISBN
05801 928
57
Installation
of flues
and ventilation
forgasappliances
of
rated
nput
not
exceeding
60 kW
(1st,
2nd and
3rd
family gases).
Part 1.
Specification
for
nstallation
of lues
BS 5440:
Part I: 1990 British Standards Institution1990
ISBN
05801
8l421
Installation
of
flues
and
ventilation
forgasappliances
of
rated
nput
not
exceeding
60
kW
(1st,
2nd and 3rd
family gases).
Part 2.
Specification
for
nstallation
of
ventilation
for gasappliances
BS
5440: Part 2:
1989British Standards nstitution
1989 ISBN 05801 80050
Other
publications
CIBSE
Guide:
Volume
B:
Installation
and
equipment
data5th edition CIBSE1986
ISBN
0
900953 30 6
CIBSE Guide: VolumeC:
Reference
data
5th edition
CIBSE
1986
ISBN
0 90053
31
4
CIBSE
Hygiene
maintenance
ofoffice
ventilation
ductwork TM26:1999CIBSE2000
(to
be
published
later
this
year)
The
Building Regulations
1991. Fl Means
of
ventilation.F2 Condensationin
roofs
HMSO 1994
ISBN
0 II
752932X
CIBSE
Minimising pollution
at
air
ntakes
-
TM2
:
1999CISBE
1999ISBN 0900
953
91
8
CIBSE Naturalventilation n non-domestic
buildings
-
Applications
Manual
AM 10: 1997CIBSE
1997
ISBN
0000953 77
2
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American
Society
of
Heating, Refrigerating
andAir-conditioning
Engineers
Inc
Ventilation
foracceptable
ndoorair
quality
ASI-IRAE Standard
62-I989ASHRAE
1989
ISSN
1041
2336
TRII
7
Guide
to
goodpractice
-
Cleanliness
of
ventilation
systems
Heating
and
Ventilating
Contractors' Association 1998
ISBN 0 9037 83 26 6
The
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists
ndustrial
ventilation.
A manual
of
recommended
practice.
23rd Edition
(Metric Version)
1998 ISBN
1
88241726
7
While
every
effort has been made to ensure
the
accuracy
of the references isted in this
publication,
their
future
availability
cannot
be
guaranteed.
Usefulorganisations
The
following organisationsproducegeneral
information,
guides,
and standards
on
general
ventilation:
The
Heating
and
Ventilating
Contractors
Association
(HVCA),
tel:
020 7229 2488
publishes guidance
on
esting
and
maintenance.
The British
OccupationalHygieneSociety
(BOHS),
tel:01332 298101 has
produced
a
general guide
on
controlling
hazardous
substances
n
he
workplace,
Technical Guide
No
7:
Controlling
airborne contaminants in
the
workplace.
The British Institute
of
Occupational
Hygienists BIOH)
tel:
01332 298087
provide
information on occupational
hygiene,
including general
ventilation.
British Standardsare available from BSI
Customer
Services, 389 Chiswick
High
Road,
LondonW4 4AL. Tel:020 8996 9001.
Fax: 0208996
7001.
The
Chartered nstitution
of
Building
Services
Engineers
(CIBSE),
tel:
0208675 5211
publishes
various technical
guides
on
buildingdesign
and
general
ventilation for
example
the
applications
manualNatural
ventilationn
non-domestic
buildings
(see
above)
which
provides
guidance
on how
to
ensure
natural
ventilation,
standardsetc.
The
Building
Services Research
and
Information
Association
(BSRIA),
tel:01344
426511
publishes
echnical
documentson
general
ventilation and
provides
information.
The
Building
Research Establishment
BRE),
tel:01923 894040
publishes
echnical
guidance
on
general
ventilation.
The American
Society
of
Heating,
Refrigerating
and
Air-conditioning
Engineers
Inc
(ASH
RAE)
can be contactedon
tel:
001 404
636
8400.
15
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Printed and
published by
the Health and
Safety
Executive C80 6/00
16
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HSE
BOOKS
MAIL ORDER
USE
priced
and ree
publications
re
available
from:
HSE Books
P0 Box 1999
Sudbury
Suffolk cal
o 2WA
Tel:
01787
881165
Fax:01787 13995
Website: www hsebooks co uk
RETAIL
HSE
pricedpublications
are
available from
good
booksellers
HEALTHAND SAFETY ENQUIRIES
HSE
nfoLine
Tel:
08701 545500
or
write to:
HSE Information
centre
Broad Lane
Sheffield S3 7H0
Website:
www.hse.govuk
17
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