finish the sentences… the cognitive approach believes the cause of addictions lie in… the...
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Finish the sentences…The cognitive approach believes the cause of addictions lie in…
The cognitive approach believes addictions are maintained through…
An addict may relapse according to the cognitive approach because they see…
• Automatic processing (Tiffany, 1990)
• A trigger in their environment
• Faulty Cognitions
Can you remember Beck’s Cognitive Triad?Can you apply it to addiction?
You will be able to outline and evaluate the cognitive explanation of addiction
By the end you will have created a burger paragraph for this approach!
Beck’s Cognitive TriadHow can we apply this to Gambling?
Low mood
Addictive behaviour
Financial, psychological
or social problems
Good mood
ModelsSelf-medicationExpectancySelf-Efficacy
The Self Medication model
Drugs are used
intentionally to treat
psychological symptoms
e.g., Anxiety, lack of
confidence.
Marilyn Monroe died of a barbiturate overdose
She received Psychoanalysis for a number of years
Fill in Initiation, Maintenance and Relapse
In a situation (without the drug) psychological symptoms return & the drug is needed again
Cannot cope without the drug!
Drug fulfils 3 roles: Mood regulation, Performance Management, Distraction
Relapse
In a situation (without the drug) psychological symptoms returnDrug is needed again
MaintenanceCannot cope without the drug!
InitiationDrug fulfils 3 roles:
Mood regulation, Performance Management, Distraction
The Expectancy Theory
Addicts believe positive effects outweigh negative effects of these behaviours (non addicts are opposite).
This faulty thinking leads to excessive use in the believe of the good outcomes…
People drink after stress, not because it relieves stress, but because they expect it to relieve stress
There is scientific evidence to show that alcohol does not reduce stress
Fill in Initiation, Maintenance and Relapse Unconscious memories are triggered and
need for the expectation returns
Expectations developed through modelling (SLT): Heavier drinkers have more positive expectations compared to light drinkers
Conscious expectations become unconscious expectations (this can explain the loss of control when addicted)
Relapse
Unconscious memories are triggered and need for this expectation returns
MaintenanceConscious expectations become unconscious expectations
Can explain loss of control when addicted
InitiationExpectations developed through modelling (SLT)
Heavier drinkers have more positive expectations about the effects of alcohol compared to light drinkers
Self-Efficacy Theory
Bandura (1997)Self-efficacy refers to a belief in ones self to organise and succeed at something.
Those with low self-esteem will look for a way to boost their confidence and ability to show certain behaviours
Fill in Initiation, Maintenance and Relapse
• Confidence/self-esteem drops again and addiction returns
• Low self-efficacy maintains the addiction (No confidence to give up)
• Low self-efficacy more likely to give in to beginning an addiction
Relapse
Confidence/self-esteem drops again and addiction returns
MaintenanceLow self-efficacy maintains the addiction
The addict does not have the confidence to give
InitiationLow self-efficacy more likely to give in to beginning an addiction
APFCAimProcedureFindingsConclusion
Griffiths (1994) page 443-444
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