evelin rocsana herrera - grammar book

- Peter painted our house Active

- Our house was painted by Peter. Passive

Exercise 1.

Decide if the sentence are active (A) or passive (B).

1. ___ Jhon prepared the rice.

2.

3. ___ The salad was prepared by George.

4.

5. ___ Kate was preparing the dinner.

6.

7. ___ Carl has prepared the tea.

8.

9. ___ New species of insects are discovered by scientist every year.

10.

11. ___ Our paper will be collected by the teacher next week.

12.

13. ___ Dinosaurs existed millions of years ago.

14.

15. ___ James’s car was stopped by the police.

16.

17. ___ Mr. Jacobs painted our house.

18.

19. ___ Anna came to our apartment for dinner last night.

Active Passive Simple

present

Victoria helps the old woman. The old woman is helped by Victoria.

Present

Progressive

Victoria is helping the old woman.

The old woman is being helped by Victoria

Present

Perfect

Victoria has helped the old woman.

The old woman has been helped by Victoria

Simple

past

Victoria helped the old woman. The old woman was helped by Victoria

Past

Progressive

Victoria was helping the old woman.

The old woman was being helped by Victoria.

Past

perfect

Victoria had helped the old woman.

The old woman has being helped by Victoria.

Simple

future

Victoria will help the old woman.

The old woman will be helped by Victoria

Be going to Victoria is going to be help the old woman.

The old woman is going to be helped by Victoria.

Future

perfect

Victoria will have helped the old woman.

The old woman will have been helped by Victoria.

Was the old woman helped by Victoria? Has the old woman helped by Victoria

In the question form of passive verbs, an

auxiliary verb precedes the subject.

Passive - Use

We only use the passive when we are interested in the object or when we do not know who caused the action.

Example: Appointments are required in such cases.

We can only form a passive sentence from an active sentence when

there is an object in the active sentence.

Exercise 2.

Read the paragraph. Underline the passive verbs. Discuss why the writer

chose to use passive rather tan active. Answer the question in complete

sentences.

Early Writing Materials

The chief writing material of ancient times was papyrus. It was used in Egypt,

Greece, and other. Mediterranean lands. Parchment, another writing

material that was widely used in ancient times, was made from the skins of

animals, such as sheep and goats. After the hair had been removed, the

skins were stretched and rubbed smooth to make a writing surface. Paper,

the main writing material today, was invented by the Chinese. Ink has been

used for writing and drawing throughout history. No one knows when the

first ink was developed.

1. Who first used paper?

2. When was ink first used?

3. What was parchment made from?

Exercise 3.

Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses. Use the

appropriate form, active or passive.

1. Karl (should + tell) should be told the news as soon as possible.

2. Meat (must + keep) __________________ in a refrigerator or it will spoil.

3. You (must + keep) __________________ meat in a refrigerator or it will

spoil.

4. I tried, but I (couldn’t + open) ____________________ the window.

5. Paola (have to + return) ______________________ these books by next

Friday. If she doesn’t return

them, she (will + have to + pay) __________________ a fine to the

library.

Exercise 4

Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions.

1. She is excited ______ creating toys children enjoy.

2. She is known________ creating high-quality toys.

3. She is interested_____ how children play with one another.

4. She is pleased____ the response to her toys.

5. Her toys are made ___ Wood.

6. She worries ___________ toys that don’t encourage children

to use their imagination.

Exercise 5

Complete the sentences with words that make sense. More than

one answer may be correct for each sentence.

1. The meeting starts in 30 minutes. I need to get ___ for it.

a. Prepare b, prepared c. ready d. readying

2. I think I’ll stop working for the day. I am getting_____ .

a. Tire b. tired c. dark d. late

3. Ingrid stopped working because it was getting _______.

a. Late b. dark c. tired d.sleepy

4. We can leave as soon as you get ________-

a. Pack b. finish c. packed d. finished

Exercise 1

Underline the noun clause in each sentence. Some sentences do

not have one.

1. I couldn’t hear what the teacher say.

2. What did the teacher say? (no noun clause)

3. No one known where Tom went.

4. Where Tom went is a secret.

Exercise 2

Change each question in parentheses to a noun clause.

1. (How old is he?) I don’t know ___how old is he .

2. (What was he talking about?) ___________________ was

interesting.

3. (Where do you live?) Please tell me __________________.

4. (Where did she go?) __________________ is none of your

business.

5. (Where are they coming?) Do you know

___________________________________?

Exercise 3.

Complete the sentences by changing the questions to noun clauses.

Let me know if..

1. Is the financial report ready?

2. Will it be ready tomorrow?

3. Does the copy machine need paper?

4. Is someone waiting for the meeting?

5. Are you going to be there?

Please check whether..

6. Did they got my message?

7. Is the copy machine working?

8. Is there any paper left?

9. Is this information correct?

Whether

Exercise 4:

Make noun clauses using IT and any appropriate Word

from the list. Make an equivalent sentence by using THAT-

clause as the subject.

Apparent a pity surprising unfair

Clear a shame too bad

unfortunate a fact strange tue

a well-known fact

1.__________________________________________________

2.__________________________________________________

3.__________________________________________________

4.__________________________________________________

Exercise 5:

Reading comprehension:

Do you avoid eating canned fruits and vegetables because you think they

may be less nutritious than fresh fruits and vegetables? Do you think the

might be less healthy? For many people, the idea of eating canned fruits

or vegetables is really not very appealing, and they would rather buy fresh

produce. Let´s take a look at the two.

Many people are surprised to hear that canned food can have as many

nutrients a fresh. This is true because the fruits and vegetables are put

into the cans shortly after being picked. Because the food is canned so

quickly, the nutritional content is locked in. Food in a can will stay stable

for two years.

Fresh produce, on the other hand, may need to be transported. This can

can take up to two weeks. Fresh produce will continue to lose important

nutrients until it is eaten. The sooner you eat fresh produce, the more

nutritious it will be. There are also advantages to some fruits when they

are first cooked and then canned. Tomatoes, for instance, have a

substance called lycopene. This is a cabcer-fighting ingredient that found

in cooked tomatoes. Fresh tomatoes do not have a significant amount of

lycopene. It is better toe at tomato sauce from a can rather than fresh

tomato sauce if you want to have lycopene in your diet.

Of course, there are disadvantages to canned foods. They tend to have a

higher salt and sugar content. People who need to watch their salt or sugar

intake should try to find cans low in salt or sugar.

Finally, there is the issue of taste. For many, there is no comparison

between the taste of fresh fruits and vegetables versus canned. No matter

what the benefits of canning, some people refuse to eat anything that isn´t

fresh. How about you? Which do you prefer?

Part II

Read the statements. Circle T for true and F for false.

1. According to the article, it is surprising to many people that

canned produce can be as nutritious as fresh produce. T F

2. It’s a fact that food in a can will last for two years. T F

3. It’s a well-known fact that canned produce taste the same is

undeniable. T F

4. It´s obvious that the writer believes canned food is better than

fresh. T F

Exercise 6.

Complete the sentences with EVER words.

1. Mustafa is free to go any place he wishes. He can go wherever he

wants.

2. Mustafa is free to go anytime he wishes. He can go____ he wants.

3. I don´t know what you should do about that problem. Do ___________

seems best to you.

4. I want you to be honest. I hope you feel free to say _______ is on your

mind.

5. I have a car. I can take you __________ you want to go.

Exercise 6.

Combine the two sentences. Use the second sentence as an

adjective clause.

1. I saw the man. He closed the door.

I saw the man who/that close the door.

2. The girl is happy. She won the race.

_____________________________________________________

3. The student is from China. He sits next to me.

_____________________________________________________

4. The students are from China. They sit in front of the row.

______________________________________________________

5. We are studying sentences. They contain adjective clauses.

_______________________________________________________

Exercise 2.

Complete the sentences with WHO or WHOSE.

1. I Know a doctor ___________ last name is Doctor.

2. I Know a doctor ____________ lives on a sailboat.

3. The woman_____________ Wallet was stolen called the police.

4. The woman________ found my wallet called immediately.

5. The woman_______________ teaches art history is excellent.

6. The professor__________ course I am taking is excellent.

7. I apologized to the man________ coffee I spilled.

8. I made friends with a man __________ is in my class.

Exercise 03:

Combine the two sentences. Use the second sentence as an adjective clause.

1. Sonya lost her job. That wasn´t surprising.

-- Sonya lost her job, which wasn´t surprising.

2. She usually came to work late. That upset her boss.

2. So her boss fired her. That made her angry.

3. She hadn´t saved any money. That was unfortunate.

4. So she had to borrow some money from me. I didn’t like that.

6. She has found a new job. That is lucky.

EXERCISE 1

Complete these sentences with infinitive/gerund

1- I remember _____________ (park) the car right in front of the hospital

2- Please stop ______________ (make) that noise; I can´t concentrate!

3- She tried _____________ (open) with a hook because she had lost the key.

4- Remember ____________ (leave) the door open; I don´t have a key.

5- The teacher stopped ___________ (explain) __________ (correct) the

exercises.

6- Don´t forget _______________ (buy) me the stamps for the letters.

7- He stopped ______________ (buy) some cigarettes.

8- I´ll show how ______________ (do) it.

9- She told me where ____________ (put) the books.

10- This question is easy ____________ (answer).

Exercise 2.

Rewrite these sentences using the infinitive

1- I promise that I will buy you one tomorrow _______________________________________________ 2- She pretended that she was reading _______________________________________________ 3- He claims that he is the only legitimate heir ________________________________________________ 4- It seems that he is following us ________________________________________________ 5- She hopes that she will pass the driving test ________________________________________________ 6- Don´t forget that you must post this letter

________________________________________________

Exercise 1.

Complete the sentences with TO Or FOR.

Isabella spent a month in Miami. She went there…..

1. ________ S ee her cousins.

2. ________ a vacation.

3. ________ business.

4. ________ meet with company executives.

Exercise 2.

Put the words in the correct order to make sentences about a new job.

1. near/for me/it's/to walk to work/enough __________________________________________________________

2. too/it's/noisy/for me/to concentrate __________________________________________________________

3. varied/to be interesting/the work/enough/is __________________________________________________________

4. for me/the salary/enough/to support my family/is/high __________________________________________________________

5. to hold/my desk/small/is/too/all my things __________________________________________________________

6. late/I/sleep/enough/can/to feel awake in the morning __________________________________________________________

7. for me/my boss/quickly/to understand him/speaks/too __________________________________________________________

8. aren't/low/the bookshelves/to reach/for me/enough __________________________________________________________

Exercise 3.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.

1. I made my son (wash) ___________ the window before he could go

outside to pay.

2. Mrs. Crane had her house (paint)______________.

3. I went to the bank to have a check (cash)______________.

NOTES:

NOTES: