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ESS 345 Ichthyology
Fish diversity and
classification
Quote of the Day: There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having
been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has
gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless
forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved. -Charles
Darwin, English naturalist (1809 – 1882).
Quick Quiz
Describe in a sentence the largest
physiographic province in PA (5 EC
points)
Physiographic Provinces
Coastal PlainBlue Ridge
Objectives
Define fish
Classify and ID the important fishes at the
family level
Describe significant traits, relationships,
ecology, biology, importance,
conservation, life history, status, etc. of
each family
Importance of fish
Fascination
Evolution
Recreation
Enjoyment
Economy
Aquaria
Env indicators
Resources
– Food
– Medicine
– Fertilizer
– Jewelry
– Tools
– Fuel
Threats (poisons,
pests, parasites)
Human conflict
http://www.nativefishsociety.org/
http://www.nanfa.org/
So, what is a Fish?
What are the common features?
What is a FISH?
Aquatic
Gill Breathing
Poikilotherm
Vertebrate/Craniate
Fins
Fish - definition
Difficult
– Long evolutionary history
– Diverse and adapt
– We don’t have all the info
Berra (1981): a poikilothermic, aquatic chordate with
appendages (when present) developed as fins, whose chief
respiratory organs are gills and whose body is usually covered
by scales
Fish Classification
Binomial Name
– E.g. Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque 1819
– E.g. Lepomis megalotis (Rafinesque) 1820
Lepomis = scale shoulder
megalotis = large ear
Fish Classification
The system is meant to:
Classification in General
Kingdom
– Phylum
Class
– Order
Family
Genus
Species
That is, genealogical relationships
Fish ClassificationKingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata– Class Myxini Hagfish https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pmaal7Hf0WA
Subphylum: Craniata / Vertebrata
Superclass: Agnatha– Class: Lamprey (Cyclostomata)
Order: Petromyzontiformes
Family: Petromyzontidae
Superclass: Gnathostomata– Class: Chondrychthys (Cartilaginous fishes)
– Class: Osteichthyes (Bony fishes) (Actinopterygii)24,000 living forms
Largest class of vertebrates
Subclasses of Osteichthyes
Sarcopterygii (lobe finned fishes)
Actinopterygii (ray finned fishes)**– Infraclass Chondrostei (sturgeons, paddlefishes)
Order Acipenseriformes
– Acipenseridae
– Polyodontidae
– Infraclass Neopterygii (modern ray finned fishes)A few diverse lineages (next slide)
Division Teleostei – main line
Two lineages that
are difficult to placeOrder Lepisosteiformes– Lepisosteidae
Order Amiiformes– Amiidae
Longnose Gar
Teleosts
Order: Anguilliformes– Anguillidae
Order: Clupeiformes– Clupeidae
– Threadfin and gizzard shad (Dorosoma)
– Alewife and American shad (Alosa)
Teleosts
Order Cypriniformes
– Cyprinidae
– Catostomidae
Teleosts
Order Siluriformes
– Ictaluridae
Catfishes (Ictalurus)
Bullheads (Ameiurus)
Madtoms (Noturus)
Pylodictis olivaris
Teleosts
Order Esociformes
– Esocidae: (Esox)
– Pike, pickerel, musky
– Mud minnows
Esox lucius (northern pike)
Teleosts
Order Salmoniformes
– Salmonidae
3 species in 3 genera
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Salmo trutta
Salvelinus fontinalis
Teleosts
Order Cyprinodontiformes– Fundulidae – killifishes / topminnows
– Poeciliidae – topminnows / livebearers
– Cyprinodontidae - pupfishes
Teleosts
Order
Gasterosteiformes
– Gasterosteidae
– Cottidae
Cottus bairdi
Teleost are:
A. Lobed fin fishes
B. Boney fishes
C. Primitive ray finned fishes
D. Boney fishes with
cartilaginous skeletons
E. Sharks, skates, and rays
Teleosts
Order Perciformes
– Moronidae
White Perch
Striped bass, rock fish
White bass
Teleosts
Order Perciformes
– Centrarchidae
Lepomis
Pomoxis
Micropterus
Pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus
Pomoxis nigromaculatus
Micropterus salmoides
Not every sunfish is a bluegill
Teleosts
Order Perciformes
– Percidae
– Channidae
Northern Snakehead
(Channa argus)
Etheostoma blennioides
Sander vitreus
Perca
Quick Quiz
What is an adipose fin?
Name 2 families that have one.
What’s the largest fish family?
1. Minnow
2. Temperate Basses
3. Sunfishes
4. Darter
5. Perch
6. Sucker
Largest FW family indigenous to
N. America?
1. Minnow
2. Perch
3. Sucker
4. Catfish
5. Shad
6. FW eels
Second largest family
indigenous to NA
1. Pike
2. Salmon
3. Perch
4. Pupfish
5. Sunfish
6. Bowfin
Why are they indigenous to
N.A.?
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