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序Foreword
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簡介Introduction
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地質公園概念Geopark Concept
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地質公園..........................................Geopark
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中國國家地質公園.............................National Geoparks of China
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世界地質公園網絡.............................Global Geoparks Network
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世界地質公園...................................Global Geopark
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地質公園傳意守則.............................Dos & Don’ts in Geopark Communications
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香港國家地質公園及保護區制度Hong Kong National Geopark and the Protection Area System
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香港國家地質公園.............................Hong Kong National Geopark
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管理及規劃概念................................Planning and Management Principles
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核心保護區.......................................Core Protection Areas
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特別保護區.......................................Special Protection Areas
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綜合保護區.......................................Integrated Protection Areas
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郊野公園及特別地區.........................Country Parks and Special Areas
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海岸公園及海岸保護區......................Marine Parks and Marine Reserve
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具特殊科學價值地點.........................Site of Special Scientific Interest
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目Content錄
園區及景區Rock Regions and Geo-Areas
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西貢火山岩園區................................Sai Kung Volcanic Rock Region
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糧船灣景區High Island Geo-Area
甕缸群島景區Ung Kong Group Geo-Area
果洲群島景區Ninepin Group Geo-Area
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橋咀洲景區Sharp Island Geo-Area
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新界東北沉積岩園區.........................Northeast New Territories Sedimentary Rock Region
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東平洲景區Tung Ping Chau Geo-Area
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印洲塘景區Double Haven Geo-Area
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赤門景區Tolo Channel Geo-Area
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赤洲-黃竹角咀景區Port Island – Bluff Head Geo-Area
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遊客設施Visitor Facilities
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鴨洲地質步道(計劃中).....................Ap Chau Geo Trail (under planning)
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萬宜地質步道...................................High Island Geo Trail
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吉澳自然步道(計劃中).....................Kat O Nature Trail (under planning)
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荔枝莊地質步道(計劃中)..................Lai Chi Chong Geo Trail (under planning)
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荔枝窩自然步道................................Lai Chi Wo Nature Trail
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馬屎洲自然教育徑.............................Ma Shi Chau Nature Trail
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平洲環島郊遊徑................................Ping Chau Country Trail
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橋咀洲地質步道................................Sharp Island Geo Trail
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大浪灣遠足徑...................................Tai Long Wan Hiking Trail
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新界東北海路漫遊.............................Boat Tour of the Northeast New Territories
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西貢島嶼海路漫遊.............................Boat Tour of the Sai Kung Islands
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地質公園遊客中心.............................Geopark Visitor Centre
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岩石學園..........................................Rock Academy
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郊野公園之友會................................荔枝窩地質教育中心Friends of the Country Parks Lai Chi Wo Geoheritage Centre
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蓬瀛仙館吉澳地質教育中心...............Fung Ying Seen Koon Kat O Geoheritage Centre
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西貢地質文化資訊中心......................Sai Kung Geoheritage Information Centre
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大埔地質教育中心.............................Tai Po Geoheritage Centre
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基礎地球科學及地質多樣性Basic Earth Sciences and Geodiversity
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地質年代..........................................Geological Time Scale
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香港地理及地質歷史.........................Geography and Geological History of Hong Kong
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香港的地質年代表.............................Geological.Time.Scale.of.Hong.Kong.
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岩石循環..........................................Rock Cycle
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噴出火成岩(火山岩)Extrusive Igneous Rocks (Volcanic Rocks)
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侵入火成岩(侵入岩)Intrusive Igneous Rocks (Intrusive Rocks)
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沉積岩Sedimentary Rocks
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變質岩Metamorphic Rocks
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礦物................................................. .Minerals
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石英Quartz
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長石Feldspar
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雲母Mica
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方解石Calcite
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摩氏表............................................. .Mohs Scale
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化石................................................. .Fossils
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板塊運動..........................................Plate Tectonics
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斷層Faults
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褶曲Folds
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風化作用..........................................Weathering
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物理風化Physical Weathering
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化學風化Chemical Weathering
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生物風化Biological Weathering
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河溪................................................. .River and Stream
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瀑布及跌水潭Waterfalls and Plunge Pools
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壺穴Potholes
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海岸................................................. .Coast
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岬角與海灣Headlands and Bays
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海蝕崖和海蝕平台Sea Cliffs and Wave-cut Platforms
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海蝕洞Sea Caves
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海蝕拱Sea Arches
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海蝕柱Sea Stacks
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海灘Beaches
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連島沙洲Tombolos
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河口泥灘Estuary Mudflats
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生物多樣性Biodiversity
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什麼是生物多樣性.............................What.is.Biodiversity
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香港的生物多樣性.............................Biodiversity.of.Hong.Kong.
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鳥類Birds
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淡水魚Freshwater Fish
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蝴蝶Butterflies
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蜻蜓Dragonflies
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兩棲類Amphibians
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爬行類Reptiles
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哺乳類Mammals
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風水林Fung Shui Woods
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海草床Seagrass Beds
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珊瑚群落Coral Communities
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石珊瑚Stony Corals
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紅樹林Mangroves
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人文歷史Cultural History
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香港的人文歷史................................Cultural History of Hong Kong
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圍村與客家圍屋Walled Villages and Hakka Enclosed Round Houses
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荔枝窩Lai Chi Wo
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塔門Grass Island
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吉澳Kat O
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天后誕Tin Hau Festival
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糧船灣天后廟Tin Hau Temple on High Island
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漁村與漁民Fishing Villages and Fishermen
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西貢焦點Highlights of Sai Kung
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地理概述..........................................Overview of the Geography
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岩石概述..........................................Overview of the Rocks
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六角形岩柱Hexagonal Rock Columns
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條紋斑雜岩Eutaxite
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火山角礫岩Volcanic Breccia
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大浪灣............................................. .Tai Long Wan
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望魚角............................................. .Mong Yue Kok
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蚺蛇尖............................................. .Sharp Peak
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萬宜水庫..........................................High Island Reservoir
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扭曲的六角形岩柱Twisted Hexagonal Rock Columns
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斷層角礫帶Fault Breccia Zone
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破邊洲............................................. .Po Pin Chau
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橋咀洲............................................. .Sharp Island
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火山角礫岩與條紋斑雜岩Volcanic Breccia and Eutaxite
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流紋岩Rhyolite
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石英二長岩Quartz Monzonite
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鹽田仔............................................. .Yim Tin Tsai
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聖若瑟小堂St. Joseph’s Chapel
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滘西洲............................................. .Kau Sai Chau
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甕缸群島..........................................Ung Kong Group
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火石洲Basalt Island
四大名洞Four Famous Caves
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糧船灣............................................. .High Island
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果洲群島..........................................Ninepin Group
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大炮石與月球崖Cannon Rock and Moon Rocks
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大灶口Big Stove Arch
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虎口大洞與最小的天后廟Tiger Mouth Cave and the Smallest Tin Hau Temple
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東龍洲............................................. .Tung Lung Chau
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南堂石塔Nam Tong Stone Tower
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鐵砧石Anvil Stone
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釣魚翁............................................. .High Junk Peak
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新界東北焦點Highlights of the Northeast New Territories
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地理概述..........................................Overview of the Geography
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岩石概述..........................................Overview of the Rocks
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岩石種類及分布................................Rock Types and Distribution
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馬屎洲............................................. .Ma Shi Chau
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香腸狀構造Boudinage Structure
石英脈Quartz Veins
愚人金(黃鐵礦)Fool’s Gold (Pyrite)
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企嶺下海..........................................Three Fathoms Cove
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三杯酒............................................. .Sam Pui Chau
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深涌................................................. .Sham Chung
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赤門海峽..........................................Tolo Channel
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大埔海珍珠.......................................Pearls of Tai Po Hoi
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採珠歷史History of Diving for Pearls
養珠Pearl Culture
珍珠之形成Formation of Pearls
船灣淡水湖.......................................Plover Cove Reservoir
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老虎笏............................................. .Lo Fu Wat
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荔枝莊............................................. .Lai Chi Chong
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沉凝灰岩Tuffite
燧石質粉砂岩Cherty Siltstone
鳳凰笏與水警屏障.............................Fung Wong Wat and Police Barrier
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黃竹角咀..........................................Bluff Head
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「鬼手岩」“Devil’s Fist”
「火紅海岸」 “The Flame of the Coast”
往灣洲............................................. .Double Island
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紅石門............................................. .Hung Shek Mun
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印洲塘............................................. .Double Haven
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「印塘六寶」“Six Treasures of Double Haven”
印洲塘海岸公園Yan Chau Tong Marine Park
荔枝窩特別地區................................Lai Chi Wo Special Area
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通心樹Hollow Tree
五指樟Five-fingered Camphor
銀葉古樹Coastal Heritiera
白花魚藤White-flowered Derris
鶴山寺與協天宮Hok Shan Temple and Hip Tin Temple
祠堂Ancestral Halls
新界東北古村Ancient Villages of the Northeast New Territories
娥眉洲............................................. .Ngo Mei Chau
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吉澳................................................. .Kat O
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天后宮Tin Hau Temple
姻緣樹Yan Yuen Tree
兩廣總督石碑Stone Tablet by the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces
黃幌山Wong Fong Shan
鴨洲................................................. .Ap.Chau.
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紅色角礫岩Red Breccia
「鴨眼」海蝕拱“Duck’s Eye” Sea Arch
鹽田港............................................. .Yantian Port
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東平洲............................................. .Tung Ping Chau
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東平洲海岸公園Tung Ping Chau Marine Park
香港最年輕的岩石The Youngest Rocks of Hong Kong
海岸地貌Coastal Landforms
斬頸洲Cham Keng Chau
更樓石Kang Lau Shek
龍落水Lung Lok Shui
赤洲................................................. .Port Island
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塔門................................................. .Grass Island
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塔門孝子角Hau Tsz Kok of Grass Island
地質公園導賞員制度Geopark Guide System
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初級地質公園導賞員.........................Basic Geopark Guides (B2G)
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獲推薦準地質公園導賞員...................Provisional Recommended Geopark Guides (R2G)
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香港國家地質公園導賞員的承諾.........Commitments of a Hong Kong National Geopark Guide
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導賞解說的主要準備步驟Major Steps in Setting Up a Geotour
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遊覽香港地質景點守則Code for Visiting Geosites in Hong Kong
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經營者守則Code for Operators
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參考資料References
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序 Foreword
香港國家地質公園 — 地質公園導賞員手冊 HONG KONG NATIONAL GEOPARK — HANDBOOK FOR GEOPARK GUIDES
自從香港國家地質公園於 2009 年 11 月 3 日正式開幕以來,六角形火山岩柱群及沉積岩開始走進尋常
百姓家。登入互聯網,在遊客或遠足人士的網誌或討論區會發現很多獨特、美麗的岩石及地貌相片。香港國家地質公園已經成為香港市民引以自豪的生活領土,更成為他們保護地球資源的一個重要象徵。
雖然香港的土地面積只有 1,104 平方公里,卻擁有豐富的地質和生物多樣性。一直以來,香港的自然保育工作所取得的成效有目共睹。然而,一般市民對地質保育的概念還是比較陌生,地質多樣性較少受到普羅大眾的關注。隨著近年世界各地對地質保育廣泛關注,認同保育地質多樣性是自然保育不可或缺的一部分,保育地貌及岩石的種子在香港也逐漸萌芽成長,香港地質公園應運而生。
2008 年 10 月,行政長官曾蔭權與市民許下一段「金石盟」,在《施政報告》中正式公布香港會在《郊野公園條例》及《海岸公園條例》的機制下設立地質公園,多方面的準備工作也陸續展開。香港特別行政區政府首先向中國國土資源部申報香港地質公園為國家級地質公園,漁農自然護理署(漁護署)也展開地質公園的設施規劃、員工培訓、知識基建、公眾宣傳等各項工作。
為了加強公眾對地質多樣性和地貌的認識,漁護署在各景區設立了新的導賞及教育設施,包括萬宜地質步道、橋咀洲地質步道、荔枝窩自然步道、蕉坑獅子會自然教育中心的岩石學園等。
Hexagonal volcanic rock columns and sedimentary rocks have found their way into ordinary families
since Hong Kong National Geopark was officially opened on 3 November 2009. If you enter the blogs or forums of hikers or tourists on the Internet, you can easily find many albums of Hong Kong’s extraordinary landforms and rocks. Hong Kong National Geopark has become the pride of Hong Kong citizens and an important symbol of Hong Kong’s efforts to protect the Earth’s resources.
Despite its size of only 1,104 km2, Hong Kong boasts great geodiversity and biodiversity. Although Hong Kong has made significant achievements in nature conservation over the years, the general public are not familiar with the concept of geoconservation and pay little attention to geodiversity. As countries around the world have begun to place more emphasis on geoconservation in recent years and recognize the importance of geodiversity as an indispensable element in nature conservation, the concept of conserving our landscapes and geological attractions is gaining popularity, which led to the establishment of Hong Kong Geopark.
In October 2008, Chief Executive Donald Tsang Yam-Kuen made promise to the public by announcing in his Policy Address that Hong Kong would set up a geopark under the Country Parks Ordinance and Marine Parks Ordinance. Soon afterwards, preparations began on many fronts, including an application to the Ministry of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of China for listing Hong Kong Geopark as a national geopark. To this end, the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD) undertook a number of tasks, including facilities planning, staff training, knowledge building and publicity.
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序 Foreword
香港國家地質公園 — 地質公園導賞員手冊 HONG KONG NATIONAL GEOPARK — HANDBOOK FOR GEOPARK GUIDES
地質公園的設立,需要漁護署與其他政府部門、環保組織、專上院校、地區團體及專業人士等合作。除了成立由不同專業人士組成的地質公園專責小組,就香港地質公園申報成為國家地質公園的有關事宜提供意見外,漁護署更透過環保組織及地區團體的協助,在大埔三門仔、荔枝窩及吉澳設立了三個地質教育中心。漁護署也邀請多位中國地質專家為前線員工提供基礎地質培訓及野外考察的機會,進一步加強地質知識的建立。科普方面,漁護署與本地及內地地質學者編寫了一系列考察指南,也為中、小學教師安排了多次地質研討會及工作坊。
「如教堂的風琴,似赤漠城堡;如接連的拱橋要削掉 移倒。」香港國家地質公園有自己的主題歌曲,歌名為
《近在咫尺》。歌曲內容除了帶出地質多樣性及岩石保育信息外,更帶出香港國家地質公園的一大優點:近在咫尺,突顯地質公園就坐落於香港這個大都會之中。
In order to make the public better understand geodiversity and landforms, the AFCD installed new facilities in geo-areas for guided appreciation and education, including the High Island Geo Trail, Sharp Island Geo Trail, Lai Chi Wo Nature Trail, the Rock Academy at Lions Nature Education Centre in Tsiu Hang.
Establishing the Geopark required the concerted efforts of the AFCD, other government departments, environmental organizations, tertiary institutions, local groups and other professionals. In addition to setting up a task force with representatives from different professions to provide advice on the nomination of Hong Kong Geopark as a national geopark, the AFCD established three geoheritage centres at Sam Mun Tsai in Tai Po, Lai Chi Wo and Kat O with the help of environmental organizations and local groups. To further enhance knowledge building, the AFCD also invited geological specialists from the Mainland to provide frontline staff with basic
geological training and opportunities for field trips. To promote science popularization among the public, the AFCD worked with local and the Mainland geologists in compiling a series of field guides and organized a number of training seminars and workshops for primary and secondary school teachers.
“Like an organ in a church and a castle in a desert; like an arch bridge which is to be removed.” Hong Kong National Geopark also has its own theme song titled Close to You. In addition to conveying the message of
破邊洲海蝕柱 Po Pin Chau sea stack
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