energy production and catabolism
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Energy production and catabolism
TABLE 13.1
• ATP contains a base, sugar, and three phosphates.• Under physiological conditions, ATP always forms a
complex with Mg2+.
Adenosine Triphosphate
Figure 13.6
Figure 13.7A
• Flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is another related coenzyme that can transfer electrons.
• - FADH2: reduced form
• - FAD: oxidized form
• Unlike NAD+, FAD is reduced by two electrons and two protons.
FADH
Figure 13.7B
• Enzymes couple specific energy-yielding reactions with energy-requiring reactions.
Enzymes
Figure 13.9
• Microbes catalyze many different kinds of substrates or catabolites.
Figure 13.11
Figure 13.13
• Glucose is catabolized via three main routes.
Glucose Breakdown
Figure 13.15
• In the EMP pathway, a glucose molecule undergoes a stepwise breakdown to two pyruvate molecules.
Embden-Meyerhoff-Parnas Pathway
Figure 13.16
Figure 13.17
Figure 13.19
Figure 13.20
Figure 13.21
Figure 13.24
Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is catalyzed by a very large multisubunit enzyme called the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC).- The net reaction is:
Pyruvate + NAD+ + CoA → Acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+
Figure 13.25A
Figure 13.27
Figure 13.28
Aromatic CatabolismIn anaerobic conditions, benzoate undergoes
reductive degradation instead of oxidation.- Benzoate is first activated by acetyl-CoA, then it is reduced by NADPH.
Figure 13.30A
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