energy benchmarking - david unger

Using Benchmarking Data to Improve Performance

Multi-family Summit

November 16th, 2011

info@use-group.com (877) 404-7438

Agenda

1. Energy Use in NYC

2. Energy Use Index

3. Space Use – Multifamily vs. Commercial

4. Who pays the bills?

5. Types of energy use

6. Short and long term strategies

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Energy Use in NYC

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Energy Use in NYC

Heat & Hot Water costs account for over 50% of

Energy use in NYC

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Energy Use Index

EUI = Index that represent Energy use of the site

Sum total of BTUs used by the building / Square Footage of the Building

kBTU/sqft/yr = 1000 BTU (British Thermal Units) per square foot per year

Site vs. Source Energy

Weather normalized vs. non-weather normalized EUI

Multi-family buildings currently do not receive an Energy Star Rating

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Source vs. Site Energy

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Multifamily EUI Averages

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Statement of Energy Performance

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Who covers cost

Type of Use Who Pays Description

Common Area Electric Owner Separate meter paid by owner

Tenant Electric Tenant / Owner Normally sub-metered or direct metered by Con Ed. Still many master metered Multi-Family buildings in NYC

Water Owner Typically covered by owner.

Heating Owner Normally covered by owner in all centrally heated buildings

Cooling Tenant / Owner Normally handled by window units in smaller buildings. Larger buildings may have chiller plants.

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Controlling Energy Costs in Buildings

Older Buildings make up a majority of the building stock in NYC

Owner typically pays heat and hot water costs

Tenant typically pays electricity costs

Overheating is a pervasive issue in NYC

Fuel costs make up the second or third largest operating expense for

Owners/Managers next to Real Estate taxes

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Energy Use Cost Breakdown

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Average cost for

Electricity and

Fuel is $1.44 per

square foot

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Energy Usage

Type of Energy Usage Description Calculation

Non-Seasonal Electric Use All Electric use less cooling

Electric use less increase during cooling season

Cooling Electric Use Electric use for cooling

Electric use less non-seasonal electric use

Domestic Hot Water Production Fuel use for hot water

Fuel use less increase during heating season

Heating Fuel use for heat Fuel use less domestic hot water use.

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Baseload DHW vs. Heating Use

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Performance Scorecard

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Energy Efficiency Measures - Heating

Enhance Boiler operations to increase efficiency and reduce wear

Implement a regular maintenance routine

Maintain proper setting on burner/boiler controls

Maintain proper combustion efficiency

Insulate piping

Balance Heating Distribution System

Seal Building Envelope

Identify & Repair Return Line and Steam leaks

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Overheating Example

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Distribution Example

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Distribution Example

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Water Loss Example

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High Stack Temperature Example

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Energy Efficiency Measures - DHW

Maintain proper DHW temperatures – NYC Law states 120°F to the tap

Check / Maintain Mixing Valve

Add DHW Recirculation pump controls

Insulate DHW Piping

Install low flow showerheads and faucets

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Energy Efficiency Measures - Electric

Replace common area lighting with CFL or LED bulbs

Replace appliances with ENERGY STAR models at Apartment turnover

Increase overall occupant awareness on Energy Savings

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