elements of music ppt
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The Elements of Music
Chapters 1 - 9
Sound: Pitch, Dynamics, and Tone Color Pitch- The high or low quality of sound Dynamics- The loud or soft quality of
music Tone color- Also known as timbre,
refers to the unique quality of sound
Dynamics
Forte--f,ff,fff-loud Piano--p,pp,ppp-very soft Mezzo---mf,mp--medium Crescendo--gradually louder Decrescendo,diminuendo--gradually
softer
Voices
Women’s Voices– Soprano– Mezzo-soprano– Alto
Men’s Voices– Tenor– Baritone– Bass
Orchestral Instruments: Stringspictures on p. 13-14
Violin- highest pitched of string family Viola- medium pitched, takes role of
supporting actor Cello- larger and lower pitched than viola,
held between knees Bass- largest and lowest pitched of string
family, played while standing Harp-47 strings and 7 foot pedals
Orchestral Instruments: Woodwindspictures on p. 17-19
Piccolo- highest pitched Flute- blown across tone hole Oboe- highest pitched of double reeds
Orchestral Instruments: Woodwinds
English horn- low oboe sound Clarinet- single reed Bassoon- lowest pitched of the double
reed instruments, aka “clown” of the orchestra. Produces deep, nasal tone
Saxophone- made of brass, single reed
Orchestral Instruments: Brasspictured on page 21
Trumpet- highest pitched of the brass family French horn-not as bright as a trumpet,
consists of coiled tubing and is often used for hunting calls
Trombone- incorporates a movable slide to change pitches
Tuba- the lowest pitched of the brass instruments
Orchestral Instruments: percussionpictured on pp. 22-23
Pitched percussion instruments– Timpani: large kettle drums– Glockenspiel: metal bars hit struck with mallets– Xylophone: wooden bars struck with mallets,
producing a dry brittle sound– Celesta: small upright piano that sounds like a
glockenspiel– Chimes: a set of metal tubes hung from a
frame which are struck by a hammer
Orchestral Instruments: Percussionpictured on pp. 23-24
Unpitched percussion instruments– Bass drum– Snare drum – Cymbals– Gong– Triangle– Tambourine
Orchestral Instruments: KeyboardsPictured on pp. 26-27
Piano: keys activate hammers that hit strings
Harpsichord: keys activate plectra which pluck the strings
Pipe organ: keys control valves that channel air through various pipes
RhythmThe flow of music through time; the pattern of
durations of notes and silences in music
Beat - the pulse of music Meter- the grouping of beats Tempo - the speed of the beat (pg. 34) Accent - a pitch that is played more loudly,
held longer or is higher in pitch than the nearby notes
Syncopation- When an accented note comes where we would normally not expect it
Tempo Markings
Tempo Markings
Molto-much Non troppo-not too much (fast or slow) Accelerando- gradually faster Ritardando- gradually slower
Music Notation
Notating pitch– Staff: the five lines and four spaces on
which music is written– Note: an oval which represents a specific
pitch– Clef: placed at the beginning of the staff,
the clef assigns pitch names to the lines and spaces (pg. 36)
Music Notation (cont.)
Notating Rhythm– Durations: the color of the note and the
presence of stems or flags and beams and dots affect the duration of a note (pg. 37)
– Rests:symbols for pauses with specific durations (pg. 36)
Music Notation (cont.)
Notating meter– Time signature: placed next to the clef, the
top number of the time signature indicates the grouping of beats and the bottom number indicates what kind of note will receive one beat.
MelodyA succession of pitches which add up to a recognizable whole
Intervals: the distance between two pitches
Sequence: the repetition of a melodic pattern at a higher or lower pitch
Cadence: a resting spot
Harmonythe vertical aspect of music
Chord: a combination of three or more notes sounded simultaneously
Consonance: harmony that is stable and restful to the ear
Dissonance:tense and unstable harmony that demands onward motion to stable harmony (resolution)
Key - Tonalitythe homing instinct of music
Major scale: a succession of eight pitches arranged from low to high, based on the intervals of the white keys of a piano (pg. 46)
Minor scale: a succession of eight pitches arranged from low to high, based on a specific pattern of whole and half steps which results in a dark quality of melody and harmony
Key-Tonality (cont.)
Chromatic scale: a series of 12 pitches based on the black and white keys of the piano
Modulation: the shifting from one key to another
Texturelayers of sound
Monophonic: a single unaccompanied melody line
Polyphonic: two or more independent melody lines happening simultaneously
Homophonic: melody plus accompaniment
Musical Formthe shape, structure and organization of music
Binary form: AB Ternary form: ABA Rondo: ABACAD… Theme and Variations:A A’ A’’ A’’’ A’’’’… Ballad form: AABA Strophic:stanzas or verses Call and response
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