elements of iot connectivity technologies
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Internet of Things Group
Usman Sarwar 17 Oct 2015Presenting @ IET Malaysia Network
IoT Architecture : Elements of Connectivity Technologies
Internet of Things Group 2
Agenda
• What and why of IoT?• IoT connectivity landscape• IEEE 802.15.4 standards and communication stacks
Internet of Things Group 3
IoT?
Internet of Things Group 4
Connectivity Solutions for IoT Robust connectivity is the foundation of the Internet of Things.
IoT - commercial and industrial “things” ranging from vending machines to planes, trains and automobiles.
Opportunities are vast in connecting new as well as legacy “things” across these global markets
Diverse requirements
Energy GamingImagingDSS Mil/Aero Health
Internet of Things Group 5
IoT Unique Requirements
Broad Customer Base•Large Customer Base
Operating Systems• Linux, Android, Windows, and Proprietary systems
•Version N and N-1, N-2•
Long Life• 3-10 years•Longer ramp and demand cycle
•Stringent Q&R Requirements
Bandwidth and Latency•More BW is not always better• Appropriate for application•Stringent Latency/Jitter
Power• Devices run on battery• Application that can not have coin cell
Functional Safety•Redundancy•Traceability
Internet of Things Group 6
Essential Elements for IoT deployment
Connectivity Provides an extensive network
of connectivity Wired Wireless Cellular Short-range
Manageability Enable common provisioning
frameworks Enable remote, secure
upgrades Provide web-based
configuration utilities
Security Protect devices for trust and
control
Protect the Device
Protect the application
Internet of Things Group 7
IoT Connectivity Landscape
IEEE 802.15.4
6LoWPAN Othe
r Tec
hnol
ogie
s
BluetoothWIFI
Stan
dard
BT
SW
6LoW
PAN
Ethernet
RFID
/ NF
C Standard OSI Reference Protocols Stack
Cellular
Cellular specific protocols
Complexity Simplicity
IPSO
Thre
ad
ZigB
ee IP
ZigB
ee
TSN2G /3GSIGFOXLTE-MOther
s
others
Internet of Things Group
IEEE 802.15.4 landscape
Internet of Things Group 9
IoT based infrastructure use-cases with IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.4
Hom
esSm
art
Build
ings
Smar
t U
tilit
ies
Smar
t Ag
ricu
ltur
e
Smar
t C
itie
s
Stre
et
light
s
Park
ing
Road
s &
brid
ges
Lives
tock
Farm
ing
Smar
t Tr
ansp
orta
tion
Smar
t H
ealt
hcar
e
Grid
sW
ater
Traffi
cW
aste
Asse
ts
Ports
Mon
itorin
g
Office
• Designed for low bandwidth, low transmit power, small frame size
• Design for Low power sensing and actuating applications.
• AA batteries usage up to 5+ years
• Indoor range: 10 to 50 Meters. Outdoor: 100+-
• Network topologies: Star, Tree and MeshFrequencies Data Rate
2011 Spec
Data Rate 2006 Spec
Channels
2.4 GHz 250 kbps
250kbps 16
928 Mhz 100 kbps
40 kbps 10
868 Mhz 100 kbps
20 kbps 1
Oth
er U
se-c
ases
Overall Market Value2020
1100B$
Logi
stics
157B$
Use case
s
400B$58B$ 5+ B$
Syrin
ges
Med
icine
117B$
Internet of Things Group 10
IEEE 802.15.4 standardsDescription
802.15.4 General sensing and actuating802.15.4c Phy for China
(314 – 316 MHz, 430 – 434 MHz, and 779 – 787 MHz )802.15.4d Phy for Japan
(920 MHz)802.15.4e Mac Enhancements (eg. minimized listening costs, link reliability),
Industrial applications, improved security802.15.4f PHY Amendment for Active RFID,
802.15.4g PHY Amendment for Smart Utility Networks, upto 1Km range, outdoor usage, larger frame size
Ref: IEEE 802 Standards. http://www.ieee802.org/
Internet of Things Group 11
IEEE 802.15.4 standards802.15.4 802.15.4e 802.15.4g 802.15.4f
Frequency 2.4Ghz (DSSS + oQPSK),868Mhz (DSSS + BPSK)915Mhz (DSSS + BPSK)
2.4Ghz (DSSS + oQPSK, CSS+DQPSK ),868Mhz (DSSS + BPSK)915Mhz (DSSS + BPSK)
2.4Ghz (DSSS + oQPSK, CSS+DQPSK ),868Mhz (DSSS + BPSK)915Mhz (DSSS + BPSK)
2.4Ghz (DSSS + oQPSK, CSS+DQPSK ),868Mhz (DSSS + BPSK)915Mhz (DSSS + BPSK)3~10Ghz (BPM+BPSK )
Data rate Upto 250kbps Upto 800kbps Up to 800kbps
Differences _ Mac Enhancements(time synchronization and channel hopping)
Phy Enhancements Mac and Phy Enhancements
Frame Size (bytes) 127 N/A Up to 2047 N/A
Range (m) 1 – 75+ 1 – 75+ Upto 1km N/A
Goals General Low-power Sensing/Actuating
Industrial segments Smart utilities • Active RFID bi-directional
• location determination applications
Products Many Few Connode (6LoWPAN) LeanTegra PowerMote
Ref: IEEE 802 Standards. http://www.ieee802.org/
Internet of Things Group 12
IEEE 802.15.4 and BLEIEEE 802.15.4 BLE (Bluetooth smart)
Applications Sensing and actuating in industrial, utilities, medical
Beacons, healthcare, fitness, home entertainment
Characteristics • Low power mesh personal area network
• Large size network• Very Low cost
• Wireless personal area network• Small size network• Low cost
Target usage Utility meters, bulbs, smart Mobile phone, tablet and computer, wearables
Deployment Time Years Weeks to Years
Overlapping area Smart home (eg. bulbs, plugs) thru gateway or hub
Smart home (eg. bulbs, plugs) directly thru smart phones or tablets
Network Type Star, tree and mesh Master - slave, mesh (new specification)
Ref: IEEE 802 Standards. http://www.ieee802.org/
Internet of Things Group
IEEE 802.15.4 Software Stacks
Internet of Things Group 14
What is 6LoWPAN?• Acronym for IPv6 over Low power
Wireless Personal Area Networks.• Constrained devices (eg IEEE 802.15.4,
BLE)• Standard from the maker of Internet
(IETF) which works with existing Internet infrastructure (30+ years)
General Stack
Smart homes +
buildings
Internet of Things Group 15
Google Thread
• Specification 1.0 released on 14 July 2015• Targeted for Smart homes and buildings• Members include ARM, Samsung, Silicon labs, Freescale, Intel,
Philips..
Internet of Things Group 16
Why 6LoWPAN and what are the possibilities?
Internet of Things Group 17
What is ZigBee? ZigBee Alliance specification for a suite of high-level
communication proprietary protocols ZigBee Application Profiles
– ZigBee Home Automation 1.2– ZigBee Light link– Smart Energy 1.1b
Internet of Things Group 18
New emergence of ZigBee combining with Thread
Adopting
ZigBee 3.0
Internet of Things Group 19
IEEE 802.15.4 Stack comparison for IPSO, Thread and ZigBee
ZigBee 3.0
Internet of Things Group 20
Ingredients of the Intel IoT Gateway
Scalable architectureIntel
Integrated operating system
Wind River
End-to-end security
McAfee
Internet of Things Group 21
Introducing Calypso Island
Internet of Things Group 22
Conclusion
• Impact of IoT• Importance of connectivity• importance of IEEE 802.15.4 technology
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