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ELECTRONIC WARFARE SOUTH AFRICA 2017
International Conference & Exhibition
6-8 November 2017 | CSIR, Pretoria
ELECTRONIC WARFARE SOUTH AFRICA 2017
International Conference & Exhibition
6-8 November 2017 | CSIR, Pretoria
Increase Capabilities
Between Lab and Real
World Test for Radar and
Communication Signals
with a Modern T&E
Architecture
Agenda
– Introduction
– Challenges of Simulating Threat Environments
– Software Simulation
– Hardware Simulation
– Conclusion
Page
A Brief History of Keysight
1939–1998: Hewlett-Packard yearsA company founded on electronic measurement innovation
1999–2013: Agilent Technologies years
Spun off from HP, Agilent became the World’s Premier
Measurement Company. In September 2013, it
announced the spinoff of its electronic measurement
business
2014: Keysight begins operations
November 1, Keysight is an independent
company focused 100% on the electronic
measurement industry
We believe in “Firsts”Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard’s original vision launched
Silicon Valley and shaped our passion for “firsts” 75 years
ago. Today we are committed to provide a new generation
of “firsts” – software-oriented solutions – that create value
for our investors and valued insights for our customers.
3
Page
We Help Companies Unlock Insights to Succeed
Communications:
From the speed of
innovation to the cost
of test, time-to market
pressures have never
been greater.
We help companies
win in the first to
market race.
Industrial,
Computers,
Semiconductors:
Electronic content is
everywhere.
Explosive growth calls
for a proven partner.
We help customers
across design,
verification and
manufacturing to
installation and
maintenance.
Aerospace Defense:
Where there’s no
room for compromise,
we help customers
reduce risk.
We help customers
update their radar,
satellite and
communication
systems to free up
time to focus on
where it counts the
most.
4
Agenda
– Introduction
– Challenges of Simulating Environments
– Software Simulation
– Hardware Simulation
– Field Trainings
Page
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Aircraft testing and evaluation costs
Challenges of Simulating Environments
– Goal is to only perform in flight
what cannot be achieved on
the ground.
– Expensive to fly airplanes
• $40K/hour for flight test
• $100K/hour for 2 plane flight test
– Repeatability nearly impossible
Difficulties with Flight Testing
6
Page
Challenges of Simulating Environments
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Ea
se
of
de
sig
n c
ha
ng
es
FLEXIBILITY VS. DESIGN PHASE
Design flexibility
Realism Challenges
7
Easiest to iterate and
debug in this phase.
Time to market is not
significantly impacted.
Time to market slows
and design changes
are increasingly
burdensome
Design realism
Page
Challenges of Simulating EnvironmentsDifficulty in Generating Realistic Signals
8
An EW environment will have
thousands of emitters.
Simulating this environment is a
major challenge, especially in the
design phase, when design
flexibility and productivity are at
their greatest.
The best way to achieve this is to
simulate many emitters with a
single source, and to employ
multiple sources.
Page
Radar Threats are Becoming More Sophisticated…Impacts EW Receiver Designs and How We Test Them
Older
Radars M
M
M
M L
H
H
HRx SNR
@ EW SUTFrequency
Accuracy
Sensitivity
Pulse
Density
1 Million
P/S
2 Million
P/S
LPI(Lower Probability
Of Intercept)
Multiple Threats(Increasing!)
Range(Increasing)
Resolution(Increasing)
99
Agenda
– Introduction
– Challenges of Simulating Environments
– Software Simulation
– Hardware Simulation
– Conclusion
Page
Continuous validation. Faster design. Less R&D effort.
Connecting domains.
Quickly capture “system level”
design concepts
Model implementation-level
impairments
Connect BB, RF, and Test for
rapid prototyping and earlier
validation
Use the same tool and IP
throughout the R&D workflow
RF / Analog
Channel ModelingPhase Array/Beamforming
Digital Pre-Distortion (DPD)
MIMO/mm-wave Channel
RF System Design
Test EquipmentRF Sources & Analyzers
AWG & Digitizers
Scopes, Logic, Modular
Test SoftwareI/O Lib, ComExpert
89600 VSA
Signal Studio
3rd Party
BB Algorithm
Modeling MATLAB .m
FixedPoint, HDL/FPGA
Embedded C++
Filtering, EQ, Modem
IP Reference Libraries5G-4G LTE-A, LTE,
HSPA+,3G,2G
WLAN 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ad/ah
DVB S2/S2X, DOCSIS
Defense Radar, SatCom, Modem
11
Page
SystemVue support for Standards & VerificationInstrument-grade functional pre-compliance for algorithms/links
3G/4G/5G MOBILITY
5G and LTE-A (Rel 10-13),
LTE (Rel 8,9)
WCDMA, HSPA+,
CDMA, CDMA2000
GSM, EDGE
LOCAL
CONNECTIVITY
WPAN / 802.15.3c
802.11ad
Zigbee^ / 802.15.4
Bluetooth
^ available with W1461BP
core environment
NETWORKING
WiMAX / 802.15e
WLAN
/802.11abgnp/ac/ah/x
60GHz 802.11ad
Custom OFDM^
BROADCAST &
SATCOMM
DVB-S2/S2X, ISDB-T
DOCSIS, OFDM
General Digital Modem
GNSS sat nav
DEFENSE
RADAR: PD, UWB, FMCW,
SAR, DAR, SFR, MIMO,
Phased Array
SystemVue “Baseband Verification” Libraries
MATLAB co-simulation
External waveform references
Read IQ data files
Capture signals from test
equipment (SDF)
Coordinated licensing
w/Signal Studio .WFM
(options 7NP, 7FP)
M1 {MATLAB_Script@Data Flow Models}
12
Page
W1905 Radar Model Library
1
3
Reference algorithms for Radar/EW systems, scenarios, verification
EW Models
• Signal Detection
• EW Receiver
• ECM , EP, ES
• Direction of Arrival
Tx / Rx
ComponentsMeasurementTx Waveform
Pulse Generator
• LFM
• NLFM
• BarkerCode
• FrankCode
• ZCCode
• Tx Front-end
• Rx Front-end
• DUC
• DDC
• DAC
• ADC
• PA
• Filter
• DDS
• T/R Module
Environment Radar Signal Processing
• Target
• RCS
• Clutter
• Jammer
• Interference
• Digital Pulse Compression (PC)
• Moving Target Indication (MTI)
• Moving Target Detection (MTD)
• Pulse Doppler Processing (PD) [2]
• Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR)
• Digital Beam-forming 3D
• Space-Time Adaptive Processing
(STAP) Systems
• Basic Tx
• Basic Rx
• Antenna Pattern
• Imaging Plot
• Detection Rate
• False Alarm Rate
• DAR/SAR
• PD
• UWB
• FMCW
Antenna
• Taylor
• Uniform
• Cos^2
• SFR
• EW
• PAA
• MIMO
Page
SystemVue pulls Radar/EW Systems together
Finite-Difference Time-Domain,
Finite-Element Technology
Antenna / Beamforming
ADS, Momentum,
Thermal
Physical RF
Sim & Layout
SystemVue Spectrasys
T/R module Architecture
Method-of-moments
technology
Module simulation
Design & Test
integration
SystemVue Dataflow , Reference IP,
RF-DSP co-verification, Links to Test
System–level simulationMATLAB code, C++,
VHDL/Verilog, SystemC,
Hardware-in-Loop
Baseband Algorithm
Modeling, Implementation
3rd Party API
Scenarios, Embedding
Automation
Agenda
– Introduction
– Challenges of Simulating Environments
– Software Simulation
– Hardware Simulation
– Conclusion
Page
Signal Simulation
Communication Signals
– Two types to consider
• Non-Signalling
- Physical Layer Generation
• Full Signalling
- Base Station / Mobile Emulation
18
Page
Non-Signaling Simulation
– Analog signal generators
• Analog signal generators supply sinusoidal continuous wave (CW) signals with
optional capability to add AM, FM,ΦM and pulse modulation.
– Agile signal generators
• Agile signal generators are optimized for speed to quickly change frequency,
amplitude, and phase of the signal. They also have the unique capability to be phase
coherent at all frequencies, all of the time. This attribute, along with extensive pulse
modulation and wideband chirp capabilities, is ideal for electronic warfare (EW) and
radar applications.
– Vector Signal Generators
• Vector signal generators or digital signal generators have a built-in I/Q modulator to
upconvert complex modulation formats such as QPSK and 1024QAM. When
combined with an IQ baseband generator, virtually any signal can be emulated and
transmitted within the information bandwidth supported by the system.
19
Page
Vector / Baseband Signal Generation
20
Flexible
Signal
Generation
Wireless
connectivity
WLAN 802.11a/b/g/j/p/n/ac/ad/ah
DFS
Mobile WiMax, Fixed WiMax
Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy
Wi-SUN 802.15.4g
Audio/video
broadcasting
DVB-T/H/T2/C/S/S2
ATSC, ATSC-M/H, J.83B
(DOCSIS)
ISDB-T/TSB/TB/Tmm
DTMB(CTTB), CMMB
DAB/DAB+/DMB/T-DMB
AM, FM, FM Stereo
RDS/RBDSDetection, positioning,
tracking & navigation
Pulse building
GPS, GLONASS,
Galileo, Beidou, SBAS,
QZSS, radar
LTE & LTE-Advanced
FDD/TDD
W-CDMA/HSPA+,
cdma2000, 1xEV-DO,
GSM/EDGE/
Evo, TD-SCDMA
Cellular
communications
Signal
Studio
Systemvue Matlab
Page
Selecting a High-Speed AWG
M8190A
• 12/14 bit res.
• 12/8 GSas/s
• 5 GHz BW
• SFDR up to 90 dBc
• Applications
• Radar / EW
• Satellite
• Wideband Wireless (5G)
M8195A
• Up to 65 GSa/s
• 25 GHz BW
• Up to 4 ch.
• 8 bit resolution
• Applications
• 32 GBd PAM4
• Coherent optical
• RF with > 4 GHz modulation BW
M8196A
• Up to 92 GSa/s
• 32 GHz BW
• 4 channels
• 8 bit resolution
• limited playtime
• Applications
• 56 GBd PAM4
• Coherent optical
Page
Comparison Analog vs Digital Up conversion
22
Digital signalAnalog signal
Analog I/Q modulation – Analog I and Q
signals are generated using an AWG.
An I/Q modulator generates the IF or RF signal
Digital up-conversion – I/Q modulation is
performed digitally and in real-time.
The multiplication with a carrier signal is
performed digitally.
Analog I/Q up conversion
causes distortions
I
Q
IF
Best signal qualtiy
Page
Agile Generator EW/Radar Simulation in the labMake EW system “think” that it is flying in a multi-emitter environment
24
This….
….must look like this:
Page
Signal Studio for Multi-emitter Scenario Generation (MESG)
25
– Enables Creation of platforms,
emitters, and waveforms with
kinematics and angle-of-arrival.
– Interleaves emitters and computes
dropped pulse reports based on
number of UXGs in the system and
pulse coincidence (pulse-on-pulse).
Graphical results are displayed in
time domain analysis window
– Saves pre-computed scenarios to
local hard disk for LAN streaming
playback or uploads scenario directly
to solid state disks on UXGs in test
system.
Page
Agile Generator EW Generator
26
Page
Agile Generator EW Generator
27
“Analog”
“Vector”
3 Channel System 0-40 GHz
3 Pulses at Same Time4 Port DOA System 0-40
GHz1 Pulse at Same Time“Analog”
1 RF Connection
1 RF Connection
4 RF Connections
4 RF Connections
“Vector”
Page28
Offers full protocol capabilities
Throughput Testing
Handovers from Cell to cell
Handovers from one standard to
another
Easy to put a mobile device into a call
and measure RX / TX and BER during
call.
Full Signaling SolutionsBase / Mobile Station Emulator
Page
Challenges
– Complexity of modern SDR based radio systems requires extensive amount of testing.
It is crucial to verify operation under conditions they are designed to be used.
– Field testing is generally unrepeatable and expensive - and not always possible with
early stage prototypes.
– Tracing an issue that happens occasionally can be impossible.
Why Lab based virtual field testing
29
Page31
Calibrated AWGN,
Add AWGN to any signal played by arbitrary
waveform or real-time baseband generator
Generate stand alone AWGN
Set AGWN level as a C/N ratio
Set Eb/No, Ec/No, or C/N
Phase Noise Impairment,
Set start/stop (min 0 Hz/max 77 MHz) frequency
offsets of pedestal phase noise region
Set level of additive pedestal phase noise
Real-time phase noise added independent of
waveform playback
Real World Impairments
Page32
Capture and Playback Solutions
Capture RecordStream Digital
I/Q Samples
• Continuously record 100% of RF spectrum
• No need for prior knowledge of signal characteristics
• Search and ID Signals of Interest
• Manipulate recordings for margin and stress tests
• Use X-Series
signal analyzer
as RF front-end
Playback
• Keysight VSGs re-
creates RF at any
desired frequency
Capture and Playback with Exceptional Signal Fidelity
IQC5000A Series
SW Tools
Spectro-X
RF Editor
89600B
Matlab
Analyze
LAN
Control
PCIe
Offload
Stream Analog
I/Q Samples
MXA
EXA
or
or
PXA PSG
MXG
EXG
or
or
RF
Output
Up to 16 TB @ 40 MHz BW =
22 hours
Page
Streaming and Recording Reference SystemsMulti-module Multi-channel streaming architecture
Streaming & Recording
Command Line Application
Note: The analysis application can run on a different computer
than the one used for streaming & recording.
WaveCut
Data Viewer
Application*
Analysis
Application
(VSA or other)
The system includes:
Associated softwareDigitizerRecommended host computer, SSD
and controllers
HP Z440
host
computer
8 or 16 TB SSD
RAID-Controller
U5303A
Up to 4x M9203A
M9048A PCIe
Desktop Adapter
Y1202A
Up to 3 x M9703B
Agenda
– Introduction
– Challenges of Simulating Threat Environments
– Software Simulation
– Hardware Simulation
– Conclusion
Page
Conclusion
38
Page
Conclusion
– Software Simulation
• On comparing simulation environment with the real world: You will always need measurement for verification
of the virtual world. And there may be issues with simulations versus measurements. We have been
preaching for a while the so-called “ Learning Design Cycle”. Basically this means that your R&D
departments spends time in investigating what is causing the discrepancies. This way over time you can
improve your models and the results virtual environment. Eventually you will get closer to a “ first time right”
design process
– Hardware Simulation
• Can create everything from simple signals to test components, sub modules through to complex scenarios
for system testing.
• Upfront cost can be an issue – Return of Investment over time .
– Field trials
• Can be expensive, time consuming and not repeatable, but it is the ultimate system test – the key is to iron
out any issues to avoid downtime.
– Ideal scenario is to have a combination of Software / Hardware simulation tools that
not only can you use through the whole design to delivery cycle, but also works
together to improve the whole process.
39
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Questions?
40
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