electricity state formation ghana
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ELECTRICITY AND STATE
FORMATION IN GHANA
i.cuesta-fernandez@sms.ed.ac.uk
@africanstates
Ivn Cuesta
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Electricity & State Formation in Ghana
Whats new in Addis Ababa? I asked the
cab driver who was delivering me from Bole
International Airport to my hotel in thePiazza neighborhood at the center of
Ethiopias capital. He responded without
hesitation: There is a problem with
electricity. We get electricity in turns. As we
moved away from the expensive hotels and
restaurants near the airport, I noticed that
all the buildings were cloaked in darkness.
The only light came from other cars and the
occasional lantern in a shop window. My
driver explained that electricity was being
transmitted in shifts, with different
neighborhoods receiving power on alternate
days, 24 hours on and 24 hours off.
Although power outages are not infrequent
in Ethiopian cities, I had never encountered
such regular and extended outages before my
2009 trip.Mains (2012)
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1548-1360.2012.01124.x/abstracthttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1548-1360.2012.01124.x/abstract -
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Electricity & State Formation in Ghana
These sounded like reasonable
explanations, and yet according to
Getachew they are all in some wayflawed. There is a lot of new industry
near Addis Ababa,Getachew explained,
but almost none in the rest of the
country. These new factories are not
enough to be the cause of the blackouts.
Supplying the countryside with power isdifficult, this is true, but why would the
government do this without adequate
resources? If this is really the problem,
then the government could easily reverse
its decision and cut off electricity to the
countryside. What about the shortage ofwater? I asked. Its true, there is a
shortage of water in Gilgel Gibe,
Getachew argued. But it cannot be
because of lack of rain. It has been
raining. There is no denying that it has
been raining. We have seen the rain. Mains (2012)
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1548-1360.2012.01124.x/abstracthttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1548-1360.2012.01124.x/abstract -
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How is the relation between state, territory and
processes ofelectrification in Ghana?
Electricity & State Formation in Ghana
Overarching research question
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How has electrification expanded across Ghana in the lasttwo decades?
What difference makes electrification in the relationsbetween the state and other actors?
How is the authority of the state asserted across theterritory after electrification?
How does electrification change the ways in which differentactors understand state territoriality?
Electricity & State Formation in Ghana
Specific research questions
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Sustained increase in access rates in Ghana from1995 [at least in the official figures]
Relevant connections between electricity andpolitics
Electrification is inherently spatial; it spreads as
a network across territory
Electricity & State Formation in Ghana
Why?
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Electricity & State Formation in Ghana
Electrification in Ghana
http://africanstates.wordpress.com/2013/02/10/handling-of-
electricity-supply-and-political-change-in-ghana/
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Social conflicts around pre-paid meters, e.g. South Africa and
Tanzania (MacDonald 2008)
Who really pays the bill? The poor subsidising the well-off, e.g.
Ghana (World Bank 2010) Are infrastructures financed domestically (i.e. Ethiopia) or by
foreign investors? (Hathaway 2008)
Does delivering electricity legitimates the state? Do blackouts and
load shedding undermine legitimacy? (Whinter 2008)
How did colonial administrators use electricity in order toestablish white superiority? (the colonial sublime - Larkin 2008)
How is it used today by the state with analogous purposes?
To what extent electrification boosts patronage politics, i.e. within
the utilities? (Tangri 1999)
Electricity & State Formation in Ghana
Electricity and politics in SS Africa
http://www.hsrcpress.ac.za/product.php?productid=2243http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-5600http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&ved=0CDkQFjAB&url=http://www.internationalrivers.org/files/attached-files/ethioreport06feb08.pdf&ei=xzJQUe28M4WVO-2-gOAK&usg=AFQjCNEvSkktsmWfaFRntc5C7q0XuSv1Tg&bvm=bv.44158598,d.ZWUhttp://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_Impact_of_Electricity.html?id=MakEyKgj-bIC&redir_esc=yhttp://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wMEs_n_etoYC&dq=larkin+signal+noise&hl=es&source=gbs_navlinks_shttp://books.google.co.uk/books?id=499hfX0_V0UC&dq=tangri+parastatals+africa&hl=es&source=gbs_navlinks_shttp://books.google.co.uk/books?id=499hfX0_V0UC&dq=tangri+parastatals+africa&hl=es&source=gbs_navlinks_shttp://books.google.co.uk/books?id=499hfX0_V0UC&dq=tangri+parastatals+africa&hl=es&source=gbs_navlinks_shttp://books.google.co.uk/books?id=499hfX0_V0UC&dq=tangri+parastatals+africa&hl=es&source=gbs_navlinks_shttp://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wMEs_n_etoYC&dq=larkin+signal+noise&hl=es&source=gbs_navlinks_shttp://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_Impact_of_Electricity.html?id=MakEyKgj-bIC&redir_esc=yhttp://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_Impact_of_Electricity.html?id=MakEyKgj-bIC&redir_esc=yhttp://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_Impact_of_Electricity.html?id=MakEyKgj-bIC&redir_esc=yhttp://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&ved=0CDkQFjAB&url=http://www.internationalrivers.org/files/attached-files/ethioreport06feb08.pdf&ei=xzJQUe28M4WVO-2-gOAK&usg=AFQjCNEvSkktsmWfaFRntc5C7q0XuSv1Tg&bvm=bv.44158598,d.ZWUhttp://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-5600http://www.hsrcpress.ac.za/product.php?productid=2243 -
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Electricity & State Formation in Ghana
History of electricity in SS Africa
Coquery-Vidrovitch (2004),
Showers (2011)
http://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Sources_and_methods_in_African_history.html?id=CS5tHpdMMa4C&redir_esc=yhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2011.00373.x/abstracthttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2011.00373.x/abstracthttp://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Sources_and_methods_in_African_history.html?id=CS5tHpdMMa4C&redir_esc=yhttp://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Sources_and_methods_in_African_history.html?id=CS5tHpdMMa4C&redir_esc=yhttp://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Sources_and_methods_in_African_history.html?id=CS5tHpdMMa4C&redir_esc=yhttp://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Sources_and_methods_in_African_history.html?id=CS5tHpdMMa4C&redir_esc=yhttp://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Sources_and_methods_in_African_history.html?id=CS5tHpdMMa4C&redir_esc=y -
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Electrification in Europe & the US in late19th / early 20th century
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/books.google.co.uk/books?isbn=0465013104http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dAElGDvk2yUC&hl=eshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/books.google.co.uk/books?isbn=0226640787http://books.google.co.uk/books/about/American_Technological_Sublime.html?id=LrdbOJFxWIoC&redir_esc=yhttp://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Networks_of_Power.html?id=g07Q9M4agp4C&redir_esc=y
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