earth science vocabulary. weathering the breaking down of rock on the earth’s surface

Earth Science Earth Science

Vocabulary Vocabulary

Weathering Weathering

• The breaking down of rock on the Earth’s surface

• The breaking down of rock on the Earth’s surface

Volcano Volcano

• A mountain made from hardened lava, rocks, and ash

• A mountain made from hardened lava, rocks, and ash

Magma Magma

• Melted rock below the Earth’s surface

• Melted rock below the Earth’s surface

Lava Lava

• Magma that has flowed out of the surface of the Earth

• Magma that has flowed out of the surface of the Earth

Fault Fault

• A crack in the surface of the Earth • A crack in the surface of the Earth

Earthquake Earthquake • The movement of the Earth’s crust

along a fault • The movement of the Earth’s crust

along a fault

Glacier Glacier • A huge piece of ice that slowly

moves across the surface of the Earth

• A huge piece of ice that slowly moves across the surface of the Earth

Rotation Rotation • The spinning of a planet or moon

on its axis • The spinning of a planet or moon

on its axis

Orbit Orbit • The path one object takes around

another object in space • The path one object takes around

another object in space

Moon Motions Moon Motions

• The moon rotates on its axis and revolves around the earth.

Pattern: • 1 rotation & 1 revolution = about the same

amount of time = about 28 days.• This is called a LUNAR CYCLE• The same side of the moon ALWAYS faces

the earth!• The moon DOES NOT make it’s own light,

it reflects light from the Sun.

• The moon rotates on its axis and revolves around the earth.

Pattern: • 1 rotation & 1 revolution = about the same

amount of time = about 28 days.• This is called a LUNAR CYCLE• The same side of the moon ALWAYS faces

the earth!• The moon DOES NOT make it’s own light,

it reflects light from the Sun.

Diagram of the moon phases…

Diagram of the moon phases…

GalaxiesGalaxies

• A galaxy is a group of between 1 million & 1 trillion stars.

• Our sun and solar system are part of the Milky Way Galaxy.

• The Milky Way Galaxy appears differently from different positions.

• The nearest galaxy to the Milky Way is so far away that the light from it takes almost 2 million years to reach Earth!

• A galaxy is a group of between 1 million & 1 trillion stars.

• Our sun and solar system are part of the Milky Way Galaxy.

• The Milky Way Galaxy appears differently from different positions.

• The nearest galaxy to the Milky Way is so far away that the light from it takes almost 2 million years to reach Earth!

Inexhaustible Resources Inexhaustible Resources

• Resources that humans can use and never use up

• Resources that humans can use and never use up

Renewable Resources Renewable Resources

• Resources that can be produced again

• Resources that can be produced again

Non-renewable Resources

Non-renewable Resources

• Resources that can be used up and not replaced - Fossil fuels (oil, coal, and natural gas)

• Resources that can be used up and not replaced - Fossil fuels (oil, coal, and natural gas)

Rock Cycle Rock Cycle

Igneous Rock Igneous Rock

• Rock formed when lava cools • Rock formed when lava cools

Sedimentary Rock Sedimentary Rock

• Rock formed when sediment press together

• Rock formed when sediment press together

Metamorphic Rock Metamorphic Rock

• Rock formed when another rock undergoes heat and pressure

• Rock formed when another rock undergoes heat and pressure

The Water Cycle The Water Cycle

Precipitation

Condensation

Water Vapor

Evaporation

Powered by the Sun’s heat!

Run off

or

Groundwater

Fresh Water Fresh Water

Fresh Water 1. streams2. rivers 3. lakes4. ponds5. glaciers6. ice7. groundwater

8. aquifers

Fresh Water 1. streams2. rivers 3. lakes4. ponds5. glaciers6. ice7. groundwater

8. aquifers

WeatherWeather

Weather is the condition of the atmosphere in a certain place at a certain time.

Weather is the condition of the atmosphere in a certain place at a certain time.

Weather Systems & MapsWeather Systems & Maps