soils. soil weathering and erosion transports materials across earth’s surface weathering and...
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SoilsSoils
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SoilSoil
Weathering and erosion transports Weathering and erosion transports materials across Earth’s surfacematerials across Earth’s surface
The loose material covers most of The loose material covers most of Earth’s surface is a Earth’s surface is a resourceresource. .
Soil (not dirt) is a combination of Soil (not dirt) is a combination of weathered rock and organic material weathered rock and organic material that can support plant life. that can support plant life.
Soil formation is a Soil formation is a slowslow process. process.
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Soil FormationSoil Formation Parent materialParent material – the material weathered – the material weathered
into soilinto soil Residual SoilResidual Soil – –
Soil that contains weathered material that Soil that contains weathered material that matches the local bedrockmatches the local bedrock
The local bedrock was weathered in place and The local bedrock was weathered in place and turned into soil. (Remember this is a very slow turned into soil. (Remember this is a very slow process)process)
Transported SoilTransported Soil Soil that contains weathered material that is Soil that contains weathered material that is
different from the local bedrock.different from the local bedrock. The rock material needed to make the soil was The rock material needed to make the soil was
‘transported’ (wind, water, glaciers) ‘transported’ (wind, water, glaciers) NYS is mostly covered in transported soilNYS is mostly covered in transported soil
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Soil ProfilesSoil Profiles
The ‘ideal’ soil The ‘ideal’ soil profile is composed profile is composed of 4 layersof 4 layers O - organicO - organic A - leachingA - leaching B - accumulationB - accumulation C – weathered C – weathered
parent materialparent material
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Soil ProfilesSoil Profiles
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Types of SoilTypes of Soil
There are many different soils that There are many different soils that are formed under unique conditionsare formed under unique conditions
Soil composition –Soil composition – Inorganic material sand, silt, Inorganic material sand, silt, clayclay. . This material affects the amount of This material affects the amount of
water within soil water within soil sand dries out fast, clayey soil dries sand dries out fast, clayey soil dries
slower.slower.
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Soil Soil ClassificatiClassificati
onon• Different conditions lead to different soil types.
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Factors that influence Soil Factors that influence Soil DevelopmentDevelopment
TimeTime Parent MaterialParent Material Plants and animalsPlants and animals Topography (slope)Topography (slope) ClimateClimate
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Some Soil PhotosSome Soil Photos
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New York Tennessee
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South Dakota
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California
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Houston, TX
North East US
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Northeast woodland
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Tropical Soils:
•Very thick B layer
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England
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Desert Soil
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Hawaii Soil