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EVOLUTION OF THE PREVALENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
AND RISK FACTORS IN FEMALES
AbdulRahman Ismaiel
5th Year Medical Student
UMF Carol Davila University Bucharest
Coordinator: Dr. Nagwa Ibrahim
Marisiensis International Scientific Congress 7-11 May 2014
OUTLINE
Introduction Objectives Materials & Methods Evolution of Cardiovascular Disease Evolution of Risk Factors Conclusion Recommendations
INTRODUCTION
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading global cause of death with more than 17.3 million deaths each year.
The death rate is expected to increase reaching more than 23.6 million by 2030.
INTRODUCTION
Heart disease is the no. 1 killer of women followed by cancer, causing 1 in 3 deaths each year which is approximately one woman every minute!
The number of CVD deaths for females has exceeded those for males since 1984.
Although there is an overall reduction in the death rate due to CVD over the previous decades, the decline rate is slower in females than males.
MAJOR CAUSES OF DEATH FOR MALES & FEMALES
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate and compare the evolution of the prevalence and risk factors of CVD in women to recommend future management and prevention plans accordingly.
MATERIALS & METHODS
A search for statistical reports about prevalence and risk factors of CVD in women was done.
This study was based on statistical reports of The American Heart Association (AHA) for years 2012 and 2014.
EVOLUTION OF CVD
AHA statistical reports showed that the death rate of CVD in women declined from 419,730 in 2012 to 400,332 in 2014 with a 4.6% death rate reduction .
2012 2014390,000395,000400,000405,000410,000415,000420,000425,000
419,730
400,332
Death Rate of CVD in Fema...
TYPES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE:
Coronary Heart Disease
Angina (Symptom)
Stroke
Heart Failure
CORONARY HEART DISEASE
CORONARY HEART DISEASE The most common type of CVD in females is coronary
heart disease (CHD) with a decreased prevalence of 7.5 million to 6.6 million with a decline rate of 12%.
From these CHD, myocardial infarction (MI) and heart attack had the same prevalence rate of 3.1 million.
2012 20146
6.5
7
7.5
8
7.5 mil-lion
6.6 mil-lion
CHD in Females
ANGINA
ANGINA
Prevalence rate of angina is 4.1 million in women.
2012 20140
0.51
1.52
2.53
3.54
4.5 4.1 million 4.1 million
Angina
STROKE
STROKE
Stroke prevalence in females declined from 4.2 million to 3.8 million with a decreased rate of 13.6%.
2012 20143.53.63.73.83.9
44.14.24.3
4.2 million
3.8 million
Stroke Prevalence
HEART FAILURE
HEART FAILURE
The prevalence of heart failure (HF) in females decreased from 2.6 million to 2.4 million with a decrease rate of 7.69%.
2012 20142.252.3
2.352.4
2.452.5
2.552.6
2.652.6 million
2.4 million
Heart Failure
RISK FACTORS
Cardiovascular risk factors include:
• Hypertension• Dyslipedemia• Smoking• Physical inactivity • Diabetes
HYPERTENSION
Death rates due to hypertension in females declined from 56.1% to 55.2% (Decreased rate by 0.9%).
2012 201454.60%54.80%55.00%55.20%55.40%55.60%55.80%56.00%56.20% 56.10%
55.20%
Hypertension
DYSLIPEDEMIA
Prevalence rate of cholesterol over 200 mg/dL in females decreased from 46.3% to 43.9% (Decreased rate by 2.4%).
2012 201442.50%43.00%43.50%44.00%44.50%45.00%45.50%46.00%46.50% 46.30%
43.90%
Dyslipedemia
SMOKING
Smoking rates in females decreased from 17.5% to 16.7% (Decreased rate by 0.8%).
2012 201416.20%
16.40%
16.60%
16.80%
17.00%
17.20%
17.40%
17.60% 17.50%
16.70%
Smoking
PHYSICAL INACTIVITY
Inactivity rates increased from 16.4% to 17.7% (Increased rate by 1.3%).
2012 201415.50%
16.00%
16.50%
17.00%
17.50%
18.00%
16.40%
17.70%
Physical Inactivity
DIABETES
Diabetes rates in females increased from 10 million to 10.1 million (Increased rate by 1%).
2012 20149.94
9.98
10.02
10.06
10.1
10 mil-lion
10.1 mil-lion
Diabetes
CONCLUSIONS
Reports revealed a decline in the death rates due to CVD in women mainly CHD, stroke and HF while MI and angina had the same prevalence rates.
Risk factors like hypertension, smoking and dyslipedemia showed a decline in prevalence rates.
On the contrary, physical inactivity and diabetes prevalence rates increased.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Results reveal that essential need for modification of management and prevention plans for CVD in women to reduce the prevalence and death rates are required.
Development of programs to prevent and manage cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Further studies should be made to discover a real cure for heart disease not only treating signs and symptoms as it is the case with most of the current medication.
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