EVOLUTION OF THE PREVALENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

AND RISK FACTORS IN FEMALES

AbdulRahman Ismaiel

5th Year Medical Student

UMF Carol Davila University Bucharest

Coordinator: Dr. Nagwa Ibrahim

Marisiensis International Scientific Congress 7-11 May 2014

OUTLINE

Introduction Objectives Materials & Methods Evolution of Cardiovascular Disease Evolution of Risk Factors Conclusion Recommendations

INTRODUCTION

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading global cause of death with more than 17.3 million deaths each year.

The death rate is expected to increase reaching more than 23.6 million by 2030.

INTRODUCTION

Heart disease is the no. 1 killer of women followed by cancer, causing 1 in 3 deaths each year which is approximately one woman every minute!

The number of CVD deaths for females has exceeded those for males since 1984.

Although there is an overall reduction in the death rate due to CVD over the previous decades, the decline rate is slower in females than males.

MAJOR CAUSES OF DEATH FOR MALES & FEMALES

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate and compare the evolution of the prevalence and risk factors of CVD in women to recommend future management and prevention plans accordingly.

MATERIALS & METHODS

A search for statistical reports about prevalence and risk factors of CVD in women was done.

This study was based on statistical reports of The American Heart Association (AHA) for years 2012 and 2014. 

EVOLUTION OF CVD

AHA statistical reports showed that the death rate of CVD in women declined from 419,730 in 2012 to 400,332 in 2014 with a 4.6% death rate reduction .

2012 2014390,000395,000400,000405,000410,000415,000420,000425,000

419,730

400,332

Death Rate of CVD in Fema...

TYPES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE:

Coronary Heart Disease

Angina (Symptom)

Stroke

Heart Failure

CORONARY HEART DISEASE

CORONARY HEART DISEASE The most common type of CVD in females is coronary

heart disease (CHD) with a decreased prevalence of 7.5 million to 6.6 million with a decline rate of 12%.

From these CHD, myocardial infarction (MI) and heart attack had the same prevalence rate of 3.1 million.

2012 20146

6.5

7

7.5

8

7.5 mil-lion

6.6 mil-lion

CHD in Females

ANGINA

ANGINA

Prevalence rate of angina is 4.1 million in women.

2012 20140

0.51

1.52

2.53

3.54

4.5 4.1 million 4.1 million

Angina

STROKE

STROKE

Stroke prevalence in females declined from 4.2 million to 3.8 million with a decreased rate of 13.6%.

2012 20143.53.63.73.83.9

44.14.24.3

4.2 million

3.8 million

Stroke Prevalence

HEART FAILURE

HEART FAILURE

The prevalence of heart failure (HF) in females decreased from 2.6 million to 2.4 million with a decrease rate of 7.69%.

2012 20142.252.3

2.352.4

2.452.5

2.552.6

2.652.6 million

2.4 million

Heart Failure

RISK FACTORS

Cardiovascular risk factors include:

• Hypertension• Dyslipedemia• Smoking• Physical inactivity • Diabetes

HYPERTENSION

Death rates due to hypertension in females declined from 56.1% to 55.2% (Decreased rate by 0.9%).

2012 201454.60%54.80%55.00%55.20%55.40%55.60%55.80%56.00%56.20% 56.10%

55.20%

Hypertension

DYSLIPEDEMIA

Prevalence rate of cholesterol over 200 mg/dL in females decreased from 46.3% to 43.9% (Decreased rate by 2.4%).

2012 201442.50%43.00%43.50%44.00%44.50%45.00%45.50%46.00%46.50% 46.30%

43.90%

Dyslipedemia

SMOKING

Smoking rates in females decreased from 17.5% to 16.7% (Decreased rate by 0.8%).

2012 201416.20%

16.40%

16.60%

16.80%

17.00%

17.20%

17.40%

17.60% 17.50%

16.70%

Smoking

PHYSICAL INACTIVITY

Inactivity rates increased from 16.4% to 17.7% (Increased rate by 1.3%).

2012 201415.50%

16.00%

16.50%

17.00%

17.50%

18.00%

16.40%

17.70%

Physical Inactivity

DIABETES

Diabetes rates in females increased from 10 million to 10.1 million (Increased rate by 1%). 

2012 20149.94

9.98

10.02

10.06

10.1

10 mil-lion

10.1 mil-lion

Diabetes

CONCLUSIONS

Reports revealed a decline in the death rates due to CVD in women mainly CHD, stroke and HF while MI and angina had the same prevalence rates.

Risk factors like hypertension, smoking and dyslipedemia showed a decline in prevalence rates.

On the contrary, physical inactivity and diabetes prevalence rates increased. 

RECOMMENDATIONS

Results reveal that essential need for modification of management and prevention plans for CVD in women to reduce the prevalence and death rates are required.

Development of programs to prevent and manage cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Further studies should be made to discover a real cure for heart disease not only treating signs and symptoms as it is the case with most of the current medication.