dynamics of care in society non-communicable disease transition to infectious disease
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Dynamics of Care in Dynamics of Care in SocietySociety
Non-Communicable DiseaseNon-Communicable DiseaseTransition to Infectious Transition to Infectious
DiseaseDisease
Medical illnesses include:- cancer, - body system illnesses (ex: neurological, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, uro-genital, respiratory, metabolic, gastrointestinal diseases, autoimmune diseases (in which the body’s immune system attacks itself) - infectious (aka communicable aka contagious - transferred from one living thing to another)
DISEASE TYPES
Ex: Breast cancer, Parkinson’s Disease, Congestive Heart failure, Cystitis, Emphysema, Diabetes, GERD, Lupus, Influenza…
Injury: aka harm or hurtmay be applied in medicine to damage inflicted upon oneself , or by an external agent. It may be accidental or deliberate. Includes wounds or trauma.
Ex: from falls, accidents, crimes…
Diseases Present at Birth
Genetic Disorder- the disease comes from a mutation, or harmful change, in a gene inherited from one or both parents. Ex: Cystic fibrosis, Sickle Cell Anemia
Birth Defect- disorders of the developing and newborn baby, it may be structural or functional, cause is often unknown, some may be the result of exposure of the mother to rubella or alcohol during pregnancy Ex: cleft palate, spinal bifida
In most cases there are no cures
Mental illnesses (disease or disorder): Any of various psychiatric conditions, usually characterized by impairment of an individual's normal cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning, and caused by physiological or psychosocial factors.
Degenerative DiseasesCause further breakdown, or degeneration
in body cells and tissues as they progress
Chronic DiseasesAre present either continuously or off and
on over a long period of timeMay develop as a result of a person’s
lifestyle behaviors or substances in a person’s environment
Diseases Resulting from Lifestyle BehaviorsRisk Factors are certain characteristics that increase
a person’s chances of developing the disease.Many diseases are the direct or indirect result of
harmful lifestyle behaviors. Healthful lifestyle behaviors, on the other hand, can
help prevent or control certain diseases and disorders.
Diseases Caused by the EnvironmentMany diseases are caused by hazards in the
environmentExamples of harmful substances that may be
present in the environment: Fumes for chemicals, second hand smoke, radon, asbestos
Non-communicable Diseases
are caused by how people live, conditions they are born with, or environmental hazards.
are not spread by contact because most are not caused by germs.
they are the breakdown in body cells and tissues.
Heart DiseaseHeart disease is the #1 killer of adults in the
US!The term heart disease includes any condition
that lessens the strength or function of the heart or blood vessels.
Healthy lifestyle behaviors lower risk of heart disease
Atherosclerosis- condition in which fatty substances (ex- cholesterol) in the blood are deposited on the walls of the arteries
Cholesterol- a fatty substance that causes that causes atherosclerosis, some cholesterol is produced by the body, certain foods also contain cholesterol
Arteriosclerosis- hardening of the arteries. Slows flow of blood and is a major cause of high blood pressure.
A blood clot may result from the reduced flow of blood. When the flow of blood is reduced, blood clots may form within the blood vessels. When a coronary artery is blocked, the result can be a heart attack
Heart Attack animation here 2:372:37.
HypertensionBlood Pressure- force of the blood on the inside walls of the
blood vessels.Typical blood pressure for teens is 110/70Your blood pressure is not the same at all times. It may increase
while exercising or under stress and my lower when at rest. Hypertension (high blood pressure)- when the blood pressure is
consistently higher then normal.There are no outward signs of Hypertension AKA High Blood
Pressure (the Silent Killer) until it has caused serious damage. 4 factors that increase your chances of having high blood
pressureEating a large amount of saltBeing overweightFeeling extreme stress for long periods of timeHaving a family history of high blood pressure
Preventing Heart Disease9 Risk Factors for Heart Disease
Not within a person’s control:AgeGenderRaceFamily history
Within a person’s control:WeightExerciseDietTobacco
Try this Cardiac Risk Factors
Treating Heart Disease• Surgery/procedures
Heart Transplant- replacing diseased heart with healthy heart from a donorBypass Surgery- remove a vein from the leg and form a detour around the blockageDissolving Blood Clots- medications are used to dissolve the clotsAngioplasty
• Medication• Changing Lifestyle Behaviors
Preventing Heart DiseaseManage STRESS
Exercise
Low fat,HealthyDiet
Maintain aHealthyWeight
Avoid Alcohol,Tobacco, Drugs
Cancer2nd leading cause of death in adults in the USWhat is Cancer?
Involves abnormal body cells growing out of control.Many different types of cancers that affect most
parts of the body.Tumors (groups of abnormal cells)
Benign Tumorare not cancerous
Malignant Tumor cancerous
Cancer progresses in stages. The spreading of cancer cells is called metastasis. In the final stage, cancer cells from malignant tumors may enter the bloodstream or lymph system and travel to other parts of the body and form new tumors.
CancerWhat Causes Cancer?
Factors that are inheritedLifestyle behaviorsCarcinogens- substances that cause cancer,
some can be avoidedDiagnosing Cancer
The earlier cancer is detected the better the chance of the person’s survival.
an be Diagnosed through Routine Physical Examination Blood Tests Biopsy- small piece of tissue is removed for testing in
a lab
CancerWarning Signs of Cancer
There are 7 warning signs of cancer identified by the American Cancer Society
Change in bowel or bladder habitsA sore that does not healUnusual bleeding or dischargeThickening or lump in breast or elsewhereIndigestion or difficulty swallowingObvious change in a wart or moleNagging cough or hoarseness
CancerTreatment of Cancer
Surgery- remove cancer cells from the body
Radiation- X-rays, or other radioactive substances are aimed at a tumor
Chemotherapy- chemicals are used to destroy cancer cells
All three can damage healthy cells with the cancer cells. Radiation and chemotherapy used to treat one cancer may themselves cause a second cancer years later.
Preventing CancerYou can lower you risk of developing some
types of cancer by making certain healthy choices.
Avoid Tobacco
And other Carcinogens
Eat Healthy
Limit Sun Exposure
Diabetes
Disease that prevents the body from converting food into energy
Affects people of all agesAbout 16 million people in the US have
diabetesCauses: heredity, lifestyle leading to
problems with the production of the hormone insulin
Insulin- regulates level of glucose in the bloodSymptoms: excess production of urine, excess
thirst, excess hunger, weight loss, shortness of breath, dry itchy skin, lack of energy
If left untreated it can lead to
Type I Diabetes The result of little or no insulin produced by the
pancreasMust always take insulin to maintain life (insulin-
dependent)usually develops in children and young adultsaffects more males than females
Type II DiabetesResult of insufficient insulin produced by the
pancreas or the inability to use insulin90% of all diabetes cases are type IIDevelops in people who are overweight and
usually more than 40 years oldtake a medicine that helps them use the insulin
their body makes
CVA (cerebrovascular accident)aka stroke
A brain attack cutting off blood flow & oxygen to the brain
3rd leading cause of death in US and leading cause of long term disability
2 types: Ischemic: results when arteries are blocked by blood clots (most common)Hemorrhagic: blood vessel bursts & results in bleeding in the brain
FAST for recognizing & responding
to stroke
Causes – similar to those for heart disease
Treatment – medicines (clot busters, blood thinners, rehabilitation, lifestyle changes…)
ObesityObesity is an excess proportion of total body fat.
Causes – age, gender, genetics, medication, environment, psychological factors, physical activity, medical illness
Morbid obesity is characterized by an individual weighing more than 100 pounds over their ideal body weight, or having a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher.
Managing obesity:start a weight-management program change eating habits (eat slowly, develop a routine) plan meals and make better food selections (eat less fatty foods,
avoid junk and fast foods) control portions and consume less calories increase physical activity (especially walking) and have a more
active lifestyle I Like to Move itknow what your child eats at school eat meals as a family instead of while watching television or at the
computer do not use food as a reward limit snacking attend a support group (e.g., Overeaters Anonymous)
Let’s Move It Campaign
AllergiesAn allergy is the body’s sensitivity to certain
substances.
In some cases the immune system reacts to substances to which a person is sensitive.
In response to allergens the body releases histamines (chemicals in the body that cause the symptoms of the allergic reaction)
SymptomsDifficulty BreathingSkin rashHives- raised bumps on the skin that are very itchy
Anaphylaxis:is a serious, potentially life-threatening allergic response that is marked by swelling, hives, lowered blood pressure, and dilated blood vessels. In severe cases, a person will go into shock. If anaphylactic shock isn't treated immediately, it can be fatal
Treating AllergiesAntihistamines- medications that work against
the effect of the histaminesAvoiding allergens & triggersExposing the allergic person to extremely small
quantities of the allergen to build immunity to it
AsthmaAsthma- a serious chronic condition that
causes tiny air passages in the respiratory system to become narrow or blocked.
Common Triggers of AsthmaExposure to allergensCold airCigarette smoke Air pollutionCertain foods or drugsStrenuous Activity
TreatmentsRelaxation TechniquesMedication
Some block swelling in the bronchial tubes and decrease the amount of mucus being produced.
Others, called bronchodilators, are used to relax the muscles that have tightened around the airways.
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