dr. rashi thermotherapy (2)
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Dr. Rashi Goel (PT)Assistant Professor
DY Pati l Col lege of PhysiotherapyPimpri, Pune
Temperature- measure of level of heat Eg.
Right hand- cold water + left hand- in hot water Then both hands in tepid water Perception in nervous system to recognize
contrasts
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Expansion to measure temperature Mercury- along a narrow tube
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2 fixed points-
Melting point of ice : 0 degrees Boiling point of water : 100 degrees 100 parts called degrees
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Celcius and Farenheit scale
Formula for conversion
Is there any same temperature in both scales??
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100 degrees C = F? 0 degrees C = F? 98.4 degrees F = C ? 0 degrees F = C?
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Celcius scale Farenheit scale Kelvin scale
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Lower limit where no motion occurs at all Absolute zero
-273.2 degrees C
In Kelvin scale: 0 Kelvin: 0 K
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Add 273 in Celcius scale value to get Kelvin scale value
Freezing point of water? In C? in K?
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Conduction- metals Convection- sweating Radiation-electromagnetic radiation lead to
heat when absorbed
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METHODS MODES OF TRANSFER
Superficial Heating Hot water bottle
Hot pack
Hydrocollator
Hot water bath
Wax bath
Electric heating pads
Fluidotherapy
Hot air / hairdryer
Hydrotherapy
Infra red radiation
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METHODS MODES OF TRANSFER
Deep Heating Ultrasound
SWD
MWD
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Causes of heat gain Causes of heat loss
Basal metabolism Radiation to environment
Muscle contraction
Digestion
Conduction from hotter objects
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1. Physical and chemical changes2. Physiological changes- to protect the body
from damage
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13% per 1 degrees C Temp rise- denatures proteins >45 degrees C protein damage occurs, cell
and tissue destruction Phagocytosis more Cellular growth more 5-6 degrees
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Any chemical change capable of being accelerated by heat is accelerated by a rise in temperature
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Collagen melts > 50 degrees Increased extensibility 40 – 45 degrees Reduces joint stiffness Softening of collagen
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Analgesic effects of local heating
Stimulates sensory receptors of the skin Gate control mechanism Heat receptors inhibits nociceptive impulses
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Hyperalgesia – localised- CNS phenomena subcortical level- short lived
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Erythema is produced- skin surface reddens Vasodilatation
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Reduced viscosity
Increased blood flow
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Increase in fluid exchange across capillary walls and cell membranes
pH falls Acidity rises Carbon dioxide increase
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Healing Pain relief Muscle spasm Sedative effect Joint ROM Prophylaxis of pressure sores Edema of extremities Skin diseases Precursor of other treatment
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Why healing?
Controversial in early stages of inflammation
Given in chronic and post traumatic conditions
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Collagen Cellular activity Metabolism Axon reflex- dilatation Cutaneous heat receptors- sedative &
analgesic
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Secondary afferent muscle spindle nerve endings get heat
Inhibition to motor neuron Muscle excitation decreases
Pain spasm cycle
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Heating afferent muscle spindle nerve endings
Reduces muscle spasm
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As a consequence of pain relief Reflex phenomenon Psychosomatic effect
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Analgesic effect Reduced viscosity and joint stiffness Increase collagen extensibility
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Blood flow Skin breakdown
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Chronic edema of hand and foot
Add- elevation Add- active exercises
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Fungal infections- IRR
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> 45 deg.
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Local burns if direct contact Ischaemic disease Deficient cardiovascular or heat regulatory
mechanism Infections- Athlete’s foot, paronychia Acute dermatitis or eczema Oedema
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