morgan macdonald - mote oo
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okawoe vkyfief;pOfudk vdkufema&;om;xm;ygonf/
• tqifh 1 - okawoear;cGef;rsm;udk zefwD;a&;om;yg/
• tqifh 2 - wdusaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk
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vufawGUb0 jzpf&yfavhvmcsufrsm;udkvnf; pmtkyftprS
tqkH;xd xnfhoGif;a&maESmwifqufxm;ygonf/
Morgan Macdonald | Aung Zaw Myo
Mote Oo Education
Morgan Macdonald | Aung Zaw Myo
Mote Oo Education
- ii -
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
q&mvufpGJ\ &nf&G,fcsuf
1/ þpmtkyfwGif t&G,fa&mufNyD;om; oif,lolrsm;twGuf
rl&if;okawoetay: tom;ay;xm;onfh
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ausmif;om;rsm;u oif,lavhvmaepOftwGif;
a'wmaumuf,lpkaqmif;jcif;ESifh aumuf,lpkaqmif;jcif;
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BudK;pm;jcif;jzifh pwifoifhygonf/
3/ þpmtkyfudk ausmif;om;rsm;tm; a0zefydkif;jcm;
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avhusifhjzpfap&efESifh a,bk,stm;jzifh
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tm;ay;&ef 'DZdkif;a&;qGJxm;ygonf/
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okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- iii -
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ay;&ef twGuf csjyxm;aom Oyrmtajzrsm; jzpfygonf/
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tawGUtBuHKrsm; (odkY) tjrifrsm;ay: tajccHonfh
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tajzrsm; ykHrSeftm;jzifh r&SdMuyg/
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taMumif;t&m u@ESifh u@i,fwpfckcsif;pDudk
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jzpfonf/
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pmoifcef;twGif;ü avhusifhcef;rsm;udk tokH;jyKjcif;
avhusifhcef;rsm;onf ausmif;om;rsm;u pmtkyfxJ&Sd
taMumif;t&mu@rsm;udk oif,laeonfhtcgwGif
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ygonf/
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ar;cGef;rsm;rSwpfqifh qGJxkwfar;jref;&ef vG,fulygonf/
tjcm;aom ar;cGef;rsm;udkvnf; BudKwifpDpOfxm;Edkifyg
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ar;cGef;ay: tajccHonfh wpfqifhcH qifhuJar;cGef;rsm;udk
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odkYr[kwf……. \ tjcm;OyrmrSm tb,fenf;/
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¤if;vkyfief;rsm;wGif ykHrSeftm;jzifh pmydk'frsm;xJü wdkuf½dkuf
azmfjyxm;aom taMumif;t&mxuf ausmfvGefí pOf;pm;rdap
&efESifh ausmif;om;rsm;udk a0zefydkif;jcm;pOf;pm;&ef?
wDxGifBuHqpOf;pm;&efESifh tkyfpkvdkufaqmif&GufrIrsm;wGif
yg0if&ef wdkufwGef;tm;ay;onfh tzGifhar;cGef;rsm; yg0ifonf/
tcsdKUaom vkyfief;rsm;onf tjcm;vkyfief;rsm;xuf
tcsdefydkMumEdkifygonf/ ¤if;vkyfief;rsm;udk pOf;pm;jcif;
odkYr[kwf aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYudk udk,fwdkifBudKwifprf;oyf
vkyfaqmifxm;ygu oifcef;pmtpDtpOf a&;qGJonfhtcgwGif
tokH;0ifEdkifygonf/
tydkaqmif; vkyfief;rsm;
tydkaqmif; vkyfief;rsm;udk q&mvufpGJpmtkyf\ tcsdKU
tcef;rsm;wGif awGU&SdEdkifygonf/ ¤if;vkyfief;rsm;u oifESifh
oif\ ausmif;om;rsm;taejzifh acgif;pOfrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD;
xJxJ0if0if pl;prf;avhvmcGifhay;ygonf/ ¤if;wdkYudk
rwljcm;em;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;pGmjzifh tokH;jyKEdkifygonf/
- iv -
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
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aqG;aEG;csufrsm;onf oif,lavhvmjcif;udk
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yHhydk;ay;ygonf/
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csrSwfapEdkifygonf/
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jzpf&yfavhvmcsufrsm;onf t"duacgif;pOfESifh
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aqmif&Gufjcif; odkYr[kwf acgif;pOfonf jrefrmEdkifiHESifh
rnfodkY ywfoufaeaMumif; azmfjyonfh Oyrmrsm;
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tokH;jyKoGm;Edkifonf/ rnfonfhenf;vrf;udkrqdk tokH;jyKEdkif
ygonf/
aemufqkH; okawoe pDrHudef;wpfck aqmif&Gufjcif;
pmtkyf\ tqkH;wGif aemufqkH; okawoe pDrHudef;wpfck
yg&Sdonf/ ¤if;pDrHudef;wGif ausmif;om;rsm;u pmtkyf
wpftkyfvkH;rS oif,lavhvmcJhonfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESifh
uRrf;usifrIrsm;udk okawoevkyfief;pOf\ tqifhrsm;wGif
vufawGU tokH;jyKoGm;&rnf/
ausmif;om;rsm;u oifwdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef; 16 ckxJrS
wlnDaom okawoe pDrHudef;rsm;udk tokH;jyKEdkifonf
odkYr[kwf topfwpfckudk a&G;cs,fEdkifonf/ qE´&Sdygu
þpDrHudef;udk okawoe uRrf;usifrIrsm; twef;\aemufqkH;
qef;ppfavhvmcsufwpfcktjzpf tokH;jyKEdkifygonf/
ausmif;om;rsm;u vkyfaqmifNyD;oGm;onfhtcgwGif ¤if;wdkY\
aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk trSwfay;&efqE´&Sdygu oifhtm;
ulnDay;&eftwGuf q&mvufpGJpmtkyfxJrS aemufqkH;
pmrsufESmwGif tBuHjyKxm;aom trSwfay;pnf;rsOf;Z,m;
wpfck xnfhoGif;azmfjyxm;ygonf/
&if;jrpfrsm;
þpmtkyfudk a&;om;&mwGif tokH;jyKcJhonfh t"du&if;jrpfrsm;
pm&if;wpfckudk pkaygif;azmfjyxm;ygonf/ ¤if;pm&if;udk
ausmif;om;vufpGJpmtkyf\ pmrsufESm 153 wGif Munfh½IEdkif
ygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- v -
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 6 -
1.1 okawoeqdkonfrSm
tb,fenf;
rSwfcsuf/ / vlrIa&;odyÜHudk obm0odyÜHESifh rMumcP
cGJjcm;xm;Muonf/
• obm0odyÜH\ oabmw&m;onf urÇmajr\
½kyfydkif;qdkif&mESifh ¤if;\vnfywfykHwdkYudk t"duxm;
avhvmjcif;jzpfonf/ obm0odyÜHwGif ½lyaA'?
ZD0aA'ESifh "mwkaA'wdkYyg0ifonf/ obm0odyÜH
okawoewGif urÇmBuD;vnfywfrIykHpHudk
em;vnf&ef twGuf apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;ESifh
vufawGUprf;oyfjcif; (xyfjyefwvJvJ vkyfaqmifonfh
prf;oyfrIwdkYudk t"duxm;onf) wdkY yg0ifonf/ Oyrm
- ZD0aA'u@wGif xyfjyefwvJvJvkyfaqmifonfh
prf;oyfrIrsm;rSwpfqifh q&m0efrsm;u iSufzsm;a&m*g
uJhodkYaom zsm;emrIrsm;udk xda&mufpGmukoEdkifonfh
aq;0g;rsm;udk azmfxkwfEdkifonf/
• vlrIa&;odyÜHu vlYtodkuft0ef;ESifh ¤if;\
vnfywfonfhykHpHudk em;vnf&ef BudK;pm;ygonf/
vlrIa&;odyÜHacgif;pOfrsm;wGif pD;yGm;a&;? EdkifiHa&;?
yx0DESifh vlrIaA'wdkYyg0ifMuonf/ þpmtkyfonf
vlrIa&;odyÜHacgif;pOfrsm;taMumif; okawoejyKpkonfh
vlrIokawoeudk t"duxm;a&;om;xm;ygonf/
vlrIokawoDrsm;onf vlYtodkuft0ef;twGif;
jzpfysufaeonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk
em;vnfEdkif&eftwGuf owif;tcsuftvufrsm;
aumuf,l&mwGif ykHrSeftm;jzifh prf;oyfrIrsm;
rjyKvkyfMubJ ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif; odkYr[kwf
vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm; tp&Sdonfh tjcm;aom
enf;vrf;rsm;udk tpm;xdk;tokH;jyKMuonf/
þpmtkyfwGif okawoeqdkonfh pum;vkH;udk
vlrIokawoetm; txl;jyK&nfnTef;okH;pGJxm;ygonf/
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\
tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ - uREfkyfwdkYab;ywf0ef;usif&Sd
urÇmhtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk ydkrdkod&Sdvm&eftwGuf
&SmazGjcif;/
- vlom;rsm;udk ulnDay;&eftwGuf enf;ynm?
tawG;tac:rsm; odkYr[kwf aq;0g;topfrsm;
zefwD;azmfxkwf&ef/
- vlrsm;\ pdwful;tjrifrsm;ESifh tawG;tac:rsm;
taMumif; ydkrdk&SmazGazmfxkwf&ef/
vkyfief;pOf - owif;tcsuftvufrsm; &,ljcif;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkYonf a'ocHuav;i,frsm;
twGuf ½kH;ydwf&ufrsm;wGif t*Fvdyfpmoifwef;rsm;
ydkYcsay;oGm;&ef pDpOfaeonf[k pdwful;Munfhyg/
¤if;wdkY\ oifwef;onf tqdkyg vlrItzGJUtpnf;\
vdktyfcsufESifh udkufnDrI&SdapvdkMuonf/
1/ wpfOD;csif;taejzifh ar;cGef;wpfckcsif;pDudk trsdK;tpm;
cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
i. (u)? (C)
ii. (c)
iii. (*)
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u trsdK;tpm;
wpfckcsif;pDtwGuf tjcm;aom ar;cGef;rsm; pm&if;jyK
a&;oGif;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
(i) - tjcm;ausmif;rsm;wGif rnfonfhbmom&yfrsm;udk
oifMum;ydkYcsMuoenf;/
- tjcm;ausmif;rsm;onf rnfonfhjyóemrsm;udk
&ifqdkifMu&oenf;/
- tjcm;ausmif;rsm;wGif rnfonfh&if;jrpfrsm; &SdMuyg
oenf;/
(ii) - a'ocHrsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\ aeYpOfb0wGif rnfonfh
t*Fvdyfpm uRrf;usifrIrsm;udk tokH;jyKMuygoenf;/
- ausmif;om;rsm;onf t*Fvdyfpmudk tb,faMumifh
oif,lvdkMuoenf;/
- a'ocHausmif;om;rsm;twGuf rnfonfh oifMum;rI
ykHpHonf taumif;qkH;jzpfygoenf;/
(iii) - oifwef;pwifzGifhvSpf&eftwGuf rnfrQukefusEdkif
oenf;/
- oifwef;aMu; aumufcHoifhygovm; odkYr[kwf
tcrJh ydkYcsay;oGm;oifhygovm;/
- rnfonfh taqmufttkHrsm;udk tokH;jyKEdkifyg
oenf;/
- rnfonfh q&m^rrsm;udk &&SdEdkifygoenf;/
- ac:,l&&SdEdkifonfh q&m^rrsm;\ uRrf;usif
wwfajrmufrIrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/ rnfodkYaom
oifwef;rsm;udk ¤if;wdkYvdktyfEdkifrnfenf;/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 7 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;rS xkwfjyefcsufrsm;udk rSef^rSm;
qkH;jzwf&rnf/
• rSm;aeygu rSefuefonfh xkwfjyefcsufwpfckudk
a&;om;&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ rSefonf
2/ rSm;onf - vlrIokawoeonf vlrsm;? tzGJUtpnf;rsm;
ESifh vlYtodkuft0ef;wdkYtay: t"duxm;onf/
3/ rSm;onf - okawoDrsm;u owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk
aumuf,lpkaqmif;NyD; ¤if;wdkYudk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmí ed*kH;csKyf
aumufcsufrsm; csrSwfMuonf/
4/ rSefonf/
vkyfief;pOf - tokH;0ifaom tajzrsm;
• ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;zGJUíjzpfap
ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoewpfckcsif;pD\
&v'frsm;wGif pdwf0ifpm;rI&SdEdkifonfh tpktzGJUrsm;udk
pm&if;jyKpk&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ um;xkwfvkyfa&mif;csolrsm;ESifh o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;
0efBuD;Xme/
2/ usef;rma&;ynm&Sifrsm;? tpdk;&? &efukefNrdKUcHrsm;?
obm0ywf0ef;usifta&; aqmif&Gufolrsm;/
3/ q&mrsm;? ausmif;tkyfrsm;? rdbrsm;? ynma&;0efBuD;Xme?
uav;oli,fyHhydk;ulnDa&; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;/
rSwfcsuf/ / ]ausmif;jyifyuav;i,frsm;} qdkonfrSm
ausmif;ae&G,fuav;rsm;jzpfaomfvnf; rdom;pkrS
raxmufyHhay;Edkifívnf;aumif;? tvkyfvkyf&í
vnf;aumif; odkYr[kwf rdom;pk0ifrsm;r&Sdívnf;aumif;
tp&Sdojzifh ausmif;rwufa&mufEdkifaom uav;rsm;udk
&nfnTef;ygonf/
vkyfief;pOf - acgif;pOfrsm;ESifh ar;cGef;rsm;
1/ tzGJUi,frsm; odkYr[kwf wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u acgif;pOfwpfckcsif;pDtwGuf
¤if;wdkYodxm;onfh okawoe - a'wm? udef;*Pef;
tcsuftvuf? tpD&ifcHpm tp&Sdojzifh pOf;pm;&rnf/
2/ ¤if;wdkYu acgif;pOfwpfckcsif;pDtwGuf jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom
okawoe ar;cGef;rsm;udk pm&if;jyKpk&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
(u) - ,mOfrawmfwqrIrsm;\ t"dutaMumif;&if;rsm;rSm
tb,fenf;/
- ,mOfarmif;&ef tEÅ&m,ft&SdqkH;ae&mrsm;rSm
tb,fenf;/
(c) - avxknpfnrf;rI\ taMumif;&if;rsm;ESifh
ywfoufNyD; rnfonfht&mrsm;udk vlrsm;u
od&Sdxm;Muoenf;/
- avxknpfnrf;rIonf rnfonfhae&mwGif
tBuD;rm;qkH; jyóemjzpfygoenf;/
(*) - uav;rsm;onf tb,faMumifh ausmif;xGufMu
oenf;/
- ausmif;xGufjcif;aMumifh tvkyftudkif
tcGifhtvrf;rsm;wGif rnfodkYaom oufa&mufrIrsm;
&Sdygoenf;/
- uav;rsm;udk ausmif;qufwufatmif wdkufwGef;rI
ay;&ef taumif;qkH;enf;vrf;rSm tb,fenf;/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 8 -
1.2 okawoe vkyfief;pOf
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\
tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
- ar;cGef;rsm;
- tawG;tac:rsm;
- jyóemrsm;
- ajz&Sif;csufrsm;
vkyfief;pOf - okawoetqifhESifh "mwfyHkudk wGJay;yg
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u "mwfykH (u-C) rsm;udk txufwGif
azmfjyxm;aom okawoe vkyfief;pOftqifh 1-4
wdkYjzifh wGJpyfyg/ tcsdKU"mwfykHrsm;onf wpfckxufydkaom
tqifhrsm;jzifh wGJpyfEdkifygonf/
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh tajzrsm;udk &Sif;jyyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
(u) tqifh 1 - vlwpfpku ar;cGef;wpfckudk
acgif;qdkifwdkifyif aqG;aEG;aeonfhykH/
- tqifh 2 - okawoDwpfOD;u vlwpfpkxHrS
a'wmrsm; aumuf,lpkaqmif;aeonfhykH/
(c) tqifh 4 - okawoDwpfOD;u ¤if;\ &v'frsm;udk
zvS,frQa0aeonfhykH/
- tqifh 3 - okawoDwpfOD;u a'wmrsm;udk
cGJjcrf;pdppfaeonfhykH/
(*) tqifh 2 - okawoDwpfOD;u a'wmrsm;
aumuf,lpkaqmif;aeonfhykH/
(C) tqifh 2 - okawoDwpfOD;u a'wmrsm;
aumuf,lpkaqmif;aeonfhykH/
- tqifh 3 - okawoDwpfOD;u a'wmrsm;udk
cGJjcrf;pdppfaeonfhykH/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 9 -
jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf
• ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufudk zwf½Iyg/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufxJwGif
azmfjyxm;aom okawoevkyfief;pOfrsm;xJrS
tqifhrsm;udk cGJjcm;azmfxkwfyg/
tajzrsm;
tqifh 1 - okawoear;cGef;rsm; pOf;pm;zefwD;yg/ -
]jrefrmh0,f,lokH;pGJolrsm;\ tavhtxajymif;vJrIrSm
tb,fenf;/}
tqifh 2 - wdusaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk
&SmazGyg/ - okawoeudk &efukef? rEÅav;ESifh
aejynfawmf ponfh NrdKUBuD;okH;NrdKUwGif jyKvkyfcJhonf/
tqifh 3 - owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk cGJjcrf;pdppfNyD;
ed*kH;csKyfaumufcsufcsyg/ - ausmif;om;rsm;u
jynfolrsm;0,f,lonfh ukefypönf;trsdK;tpm;rsm;ESifh
¤if;wdkYudk 0,f,l&onfh taMumif;&if;rsm;udk cGJjcrf;
azmfxkwfyg (cGJjcrf;pdppfyg)/ jrefrmjynfolrsm;onf
r&Sdrjzpfvdktyfonfht&mrsm; r[kwfaom yef;uef
aq;&nf? Murf;jyifoefY&Sif;a&;t&nfrsm;? t0wftxnf
aysmhajymif;aq;&nf? qHyifaysmhajymif;aq;ESifh
a&csdK;qyfjymqD ponfh ukefypönf;rsm;udk
ydkrdk0,f,lokH;pGJMuaMumif; awGU&SdcJhonf (ed*kH;csKyf
aumufcsufcsonf)/
tqifh 4 - &v'frsm;udk zvS,frQa0yg/ - &v'frsm;udk
tpD&ifcHpmwpfapmifwGif xnfhoGif;a&;om;azmfjycJhonf/
2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
aqG;aEG;Muonf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
(u) - pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;wpfck pwifvdkaMumif; vlrsm;udk
today;&mwGif taxmuftuljyK&ef/
- topfjyKpkrnfh okawoersm;twGuf
0,f,lpm;okH;ol tavhtxrsm;udk avhvm&ef
today;&mwGif taxmuftuljyKap&ef/
- pD;yGm;a&;topfrsm;udk rnfodkYwdkufwGef;tm;ay;&rnf
jzpfaMumif; tpdk;&udk today;&mwGif
taxmuftuljyKap&ef/
- jrefrmjynfwGif a&mif;csaeaom (odkYr[kwf a&mif;cs
vdkaom) pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk EdkifiHtwGif;&Sd
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; tcGifhtvrf;rsm;taMumif;
today;&mwGif taxmuftuljyKap&ef/
- jrefrmjynfolrsm;\ 0,f,lokH;pGJrI tavhtx
ajymif;vJrItaMumif; tpdk;&xHtBuHjyK&ef/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 10 -
rSwfcsuf/ / okawoepDrHudef;wpfckwGif okawoe
ar;cGef;wpfck (odkY) wpfckxufydkaom ar;cGef;rsm;
&SdEdkifygonf/ ar;cGef;ta&twGufonf okawoejyKpk
&SmazGvdkonfh taMumif;t&may: rlwnfygonf/
a,bk,stm;jzifh okawoear;cGef; tenf;i,fom
owfrSwfxm;jcif;u ydkaumif;ygonf/ 5 ckxufydkaom
ar;cGef;rsm;onf okawoeudk NyD;qkH;atmif
aqmif&Guf&mwGif tcufawGUapygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 12 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoevkyfief;pOfrS vkyfief;rsm;
(u-C) wdkYudk zwf½Iyg/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u rnfonfhvkyfief;rsm;onf
okawoevkyfief;pOfrS rnfonfhtqifhrsm; (1-4) ESifh
wGJpyfEdkifaMumif; qkH;jzwfyg/
tajzrsm;
(u) tqifh 4 - &SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk zvS,frQa0yg/
(c) tqifh 2 - wdusaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk
&SmazGyg/
(*) tqifh 1 - okawoear;cGef;rsm;udk
pOf;pm;zefwD;yg/
(C) tqifh 3 - owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk
cGJjcrf;pdppfNyD; ed*kH;csKyfaumufcsufcsyg/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 13 -
vkyfief;pOf - okawoe vkyfief;pOftm;
vdkufemaqmif&Gufjcif;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfrsm;udk zwf½Iyg/
• tzGJUi,frsm; odkYr[kwf wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh rnfonfh
tajctaejyjzpf&yfonf okawoevkyfief;pOfudk
vdkufemusifhokH;rI r&SdaMumif;ESifh tb,faMumifh
jzpfaMumif; qkH;jzwfyg/
tajz
2/ ]w½kwfEdkifiHtay: jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm;\
tjrifoabmxm; - trsdK;om;tqifh avhvmcsuf}
okawoevkyfief;pOfudk vdkufemrIr&Sdyg/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf ¤if;avhvmcsufwGif tqifh 3
(owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk cGJjcrf;pdppfNyD; ed*kH;csKyf
aumufcsufcsyg) udk vkyfaqmifjcif; r&SdonfhtwGuf
jzpfonf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
2/ cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm&ef (tokH;0ifaom
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;) tcsuftvufrsm;
&&Sdvdrfhrnf r[kwfonfhtwGuf okawoeudk aumif;pGm
vkyfaqmifEdkifvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/
3/ owif;tcsuftvufrsm; &&SdEdkifrnfjzpfaomfvnf;
¤if;wdkYudk cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif; odkYr[kwf tESpfcsKyfa&;om;jcif;
&&Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwfay/ ¤if;tcsuftvufrsm;onf
oifokawoejyKpkaeaom taMumif;t&mudk vltrsm;
em;vnfvmap&ef taxmuftuljyKEdkifvdrfhrnf
r[kwfay/
4/ vltrsm;u oif\ okawoeudk od&Sdrnfr[kwfonfh
twGuf ¤if;okawoeaMumifh em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;
wdk;wufvmrnf r[kwfay odkYr[kwf
tjyKoabmaqmifaom oufa&mufrI &Sdvmapvdrfhrnf
r[kwfay/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 14 -
1.3 okawoe ar;cGef;rsm;
pOf;pm;azmfxkwfjcif;
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ar;cGef;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\ tjrifrsm;udk
oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
- ta&;BuD;qkH; udpö&yfrsm;taMumif; tjcm;vlrsm;ESifh
ajymqdkyg/
- oif\acgif;pOfESifh ywfoufonfh pmtkyfrsm;?
0ufbfqdk'frsm;ESifh tjcm;tcsuftvufrsm;udk
zwf½Iyg/
- jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom ar;cGef;rsm; pOf;pm;azmfxkwfyg/
vkyfief;pOf - oif\ okawoe vkyfaqmifcsuftay:
vTrf;rdk;rI&Sdonfh taMumif;&if;rsm;
1/ tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u taMumif;&if;
wpfckcsif;pDonf ¤if;wdkY a&G;cs,fxm;aom okawoe
acgif;pOfwpfcktay: rnfodkYvTrf;rdk;rI&SdEdkifaMumif;
aqG;aEG;yg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
avhvmoif,laeonfh ynma&;e,fy,f
- acgif;pOfwpfckudk tawmfMumavhvmcJhNyD;ygu
tqdkyg acgif;pOftaMumif; ydkrdkod&SdNyD;
¤if;ESifh ywfoufí xda&mufpGm okawoe
jyKpkEdkifrnfjzpfonf/
tvkyftudkif
- tvkyftudkifaMumifh wdusaom taMumif;t&m
wpfckckESifh ywfoufí okawoe vkyfaqmif&
Edkifonf/
- oifvkyfudkifaeaom tzGJUtpnf;onf wdusaom
udpö&yfwpfckcktay: txl;tm½kHpdkufjcif;vnf;
jzpfEdkifygonf/
- tvkyftudkifu acgif;pOfwpfckckESifh ywfoufonfh
A[kokw? uRrf;usifrIrsm;ESifh tawGUtBuHKrsm;udk
&&SdapEdkifygonf/
oif\ vlrItzGJUtpnf;twGif; ta&;BuD;aom
udpö&yfrsm;
- oif\ vlrItzGJUtpnf;twGuf ta&;BuD;aom
udpö&yfrsm;taMumif; okawoevkyfaqmifvQif
yHhydk;rIrsm;udk ydkrdk&&SdEdkifygvdrfhrnf/
pdwf0ifpm;rIrsm;
- wpfpkHwpfcktay:wGif pdwf0ifpm;ygu tqdkyg
taMumif;t&mESifh ywfoufNyD; okawoejyKpk&ef
pdwfwuf<urI ydk&SdEdkifygonf/
axmufyHhaiGaMu;
- aiGaMu;axmufyHholrsm;u wdusaom acgif;pOfwpfck
taMumif; okawoejyKpk&ef oifhudk tvkyfcefYtyfEdkif
ygonf/
- acgif;pOfwpfckonf tm½kHpdkufjcif;cHvm&ygu
¤if;ESifh ywfoufNyD; vkyfaqmifonfh okawoe
ukefusp&dwfrsm;twGuf axmufyHhrI&&Sd&ef
ydkvG,fulEdkifygonf/
2/ tzGJUi,frsm;u ¤if;wdkYa&G;cs,fxm;aom okawoe
acgif;pOftay: vTrf;rdk;rI&SdEdkifonfh tjcm;aom
taMumif;&if;rsm;udk xyfaygif;xnfhyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
- vkyfaqmifNyD;om; okawoersm;
- okawoejyKpk&ef vG,fuljcif;&Sd^r&Sd
- vuf&Sdtjzpftysufrsm;
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 16 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u acgif;pOfrsm;udk uawmhykH
um;csyfxJwGif jzefYMuufar;cGef;rsm;rSaeí (xdyfqkH;)
tao;pdwfwdusaom acgif;pOfrsm;tjzpf (atmufqkH;)
jznfhpGufyg/
tajzrsm;
1/ (u)
2/ (p)
3/ (q)
4/ (n)
5/ (C)
6/ (*)
7/ (ps)
8/ (Z)
9/ (i)
10/ (c)
tydkaqmif;vkyfief; - jzefYMuufacgif;pOf odkYr[kwf
tao;pdwfwdusaomacgif;pOf jzpfygovm;/
ausmif;om;rsm;u ,ckrSpwifrnfh okawoDopfrsm;twGuf
tao;pdwfwdusaomacgif;pOfrsm;ESifh jzefYMuufacgif;pOfrsm;
wdkYxJrS rnfonfhacgif;pOfudk tokH;jyK&efydkaumif;aMumif;
aqG;aEG;&rnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 17 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;wpfckcsif;pDtwGuf
taumif;qkH; tajzudk a&G;cs,f&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ (*)
2/ (*)
3/ (C)
oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - okawoeacgif;pOf
rSwfcsuf/ / þvkyfief;onf ausmif;om;rsm;udk
okawoepDrHudef;wpfcktm; tprStqkH;xd
jyifqifzefwD;NyD; vufawGUvkyfaqmifap&ef 'DZdkif;a&;qGJ
xm;onfh ]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16
ckxJrS yxrqkH;wpfckjzpfonf/
ausmif;om;rsm; oif,l&&Sdvmaom A[kokwESifh
uRrf;usifrItopfrsm;udk ¤if;wdkY BudKufESpfouf&m
okawoepDrHudef;wpfckwGif udk,fwdkifvufawGU
tokH;cswwfatmif wdkufwGef;ay;&eftwGuf
¤if;vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk pmtkyf\tprS tqkH;xd
tcef;i,fwdkif;wGif jzefYMuufxnfhoGif;azmfjyxm;ygonf/
okawoepDrHudef;wpfcktm; 'DZdkif;a&;qGJjcif;ESifh
vufawGUtaumiftxnfazmfjcif; jzpfpOfrSwpfqifh
ausmif;om;rsm;udk nTefMum;ay;&eftwGuf
¤if;vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk tokH;jyKyg/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkYpdwf0ifpm;aom okawoe
acgif;pOfwpfckudk pOf;pm;&rnf/
1/ ¤if;acgif;pOfESifh ywfoufNyD; qufvuf&SmazG&eftwGuf
aqmif&GufEdkifaom wpfqifhcHokawoe enf;vrf;rsm;udk
pOf;pm;qkH;jzwfyg/
2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u acgif;pOfudk pDrHcefYcGJEdkifNyD;
vufawGUqefaom okawoeacgif;pOf jzpfvmonftxd
qGJcsKHU&rnf/
• ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe ar;cGef;rsm;onf
a,bk,sqefvGef;jcif; odkYr[kwf r&Sif;rvif;
jzpfaejcif;wdkYr&Sdatmif ppfaq;yg/
3/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoe
acgif;pOfwpfck cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&mwGif tokH;jyKoGm;rnfh
wpfqifhcHokawoeESifh acgif;pOfqGJcsKHUjcif; jzpfpOfwdkYudk
aqG;aEG;oGm;&rnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 18 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoe ar;cGef;rsm;pm&if;udk
zwf½INyD; rnfonfhpm&if;onf okawoejyKpk&ef
ydkvG,fulaMumif; pOf;pm;qkH;jzwfyg/
tajz
pm&if; 2 - tb,faMumifhqdkaomf okawoe
ar;cGef;rsm;udk tao;pdwfwdusaom ar;cGef;rsm;tjzpf
qGJcsKHUxm;onfhtwGufjzpfonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 19 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoe ar;cGef;wpfckpDonf
&Sif;vif;rI&Sd^r&SdESifh tb,faMumifh &Sif;vif;rI&Sd^r&Sd
&aMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ r&Sif;vif;yg - ]vlrsm;} qdkonfh ar;cGef;rSm
a,bk,susvGef;NyD; qdkifuvkef;em*pfuJhodkYaom
obm0ab;tEÅ&m,fwpfckqdkonfh t"dyÜm,frSmvnf;
em;vnf&ef ½IyfaxG;ygonf - ¤if;rSm qdkifuvkef;
wpfckwnf;udk qdkvdkygovm;/ a&BuD;jcif; odkYr[kwf
ajrivsifponfwdkYvnf; yg0ifygovm;/
2/ &Sif;vif;onf/
3/ &Sif;vif;onf/
4/ r&Sif;vif;yg - ]jyóemrsm;} qdkonfrSm
cGJjcm;qufqHjcif; odkYr[kwf bmompum;
tcuftcJ&Sdjcif;wdkY tygt0if rsm;pGmaom udpö&yfrsm;udk
qdkvdkEdkifygonf/ ]vlenf;pkrsm;} qdkonfrSm
wdkif;&if;om;tpktzGJU? bmoma&;tpktzGJUrsm;? LGBT tpktzGJUrsm;? oufBuD;&G,ftdkrsm;? roefpGrf;olrsm;
tp&Sdojzifh t"dyÜm,fay:Edkifygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 20 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk jzefYMuufrIt&SdqkH;
ar;cGef;rsm;rSaeí tao;pdwfwdusaom ar;cGef;rsm;
tjzpf tqifhvdkufowfrSwfyg/
tajzrsm;
5? 2? 4? 1? 3
vkyfief;pOf - tao;pdwfwduspGm pOf;pm;NyD;
ar;cGef;rsm;ukd jyefvnfa&;csyg
1/ wpfOD;csif;pDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoe
ar;cGef;rsm;udk &Sif;vif;NyD; tao;pdwfwdusí okawoe
jyKpkEdkifonfh ar;cGef;rsm;tjzpf jyefvnfa&;om;&rnf/
• rnfonfhtajzrqdk wdusaom ae&ma'o? vli,frsm;
twGuf uRrf;usifrIrsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh tawG;tjrif
wpfck&Sdonfh owfrSwfxm;aom tpktzGJUwpfzGJU?
vli,frsm;tMum; wdusaom touft&G,ftwGif;&Sd
vli,ftpktzGJUrsm; ponfwdkY yg0ifoifhygonf/
uRrf;usifrItrsdK;tpm;rsm;onfvnf; ydkrdkwduspGm
azmfjyEdkifygonf - Oyrm - tvkyftudkifqdkif&m
uRrf;usifrIrsm;? ynma&;qdkif&m uRrf;usifrIrsm;?
qufoG,fa&; uRrf;usifrIrsm; tp&Sdojzifh/
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ ar;cGef;rsm;udk EIdif;,SOfNyD;
taumif;qkH;ar;cGef;wpfckudk a&G;cs,fqkH;jzwf&rnf/
3/ wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh okawoear;cGef;twGuf
toifhawmfqkH; pum;vkH;rsm;udk qkH;jzwfa&G;cs,f&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
- vm;½Id;txufwef;ausmif; q&m^rrsm;u
xifjrif,lqxm;onfh vli,frsm;wGif&Sdoifhaom
ta&;BuD;qkH; uRrf;usifrIrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/
- ppfudkif;a'oBuD;twGif;&Sd NrdKUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;
rsm;u owfrSwfqkH;jzwfxm;aom ausmif;xGufonfh
vli,frsm;wGif&Sdoifhaom ta&;BuD;qkH;
uRrf;usifrIrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/
- NrdwfNrdKU&Sd jynfolYusef;rma&;t&m&Sdrsm;u
q,fwef;ausmif;om;rsm;onf rnfonfh
uRrf;usifrIrsm;udk oif,lwwfuRrf;jcif;&Sdxm;&ef
ta&;BuD;onf[k xifjrifvufcHxm;Muoenf;/
vkyfief;pOf - okawoear;cGef;rsm;udk
okH;oyftuJjzwfjcif;
rSwfcsuf/ / ausmif;om;enf;aom pmoifcef;
wpfcef;wGif acgif;pOfta&twGufudk avQmhcsEdkifonf
odkYr[kwf wpfOD;vQif acgif;pOfwpfckpD a&G;cs,fcGifh
jyKEdkifonf/
1/ 4-6 OD;ygaom tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u
acgif;pOfrsm;pm&if;udk qkH;jzwfNyD; tzGJU0ifwpfOD;
odkYr[kwf ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDtm; acgif;pOfwpfckpD
wm0efay;yg/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ acgif;pOfrsm;twGuf
okawoear;cGef;rsm; a&;cs&rnf/
2/ tzGJUrsm;u okawoe ar;cGef;wpfckpDudk &Sif;vif;rI&SdNyD;
tao;pdwfwdusí okawoejyKpkEdkifap&ef wnf;jzwfyg/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ aemufqkH;okawoe
ar;cGef;rsm;udk pm&GufcsyfBuD;ay:wGif a&;cs&rnf
odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;rsm;udk pm&Gufydkif;av;rsm;ay:wGif
oD;jcm;pDa&;om;&rnf/
• ¤if;wdkY\ ar;cGef;rsm;udk eH&Hay:wGifuyf&rnf/
3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tcef;wpf0dkufywfoGm;í tjcm;
tzGJUrsm;\ okawoe ar;cGef;rsm;udk vdkufvHMunfh½I
&rnf/
• ¤if;wdkYu ar;cGef;rsm;ab;wGif tqdkyg
ar;cGef;wpfckcsif;pDtm; ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmatmif
tBuHÓPfrsm; a&;om;&rnf/
• tzGJUrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ ar;cGef;rsm;ay:&Sd
okH;oyftBuHjyKcsufrsm;udk zwf½I&rnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 21 -
jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf
• ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufrsm;udk zwf½Iyg/
1/ ¤if;wdkYu okawoeudk twdkcsKH; tESpfcsKyfazmfjy&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajz
ynma&;pGrf;aqmifrItay: vlrIrD'D,m\
oufa&mufrIudk okawoejyKpk&ef/ okawoetwGuf
a'wmrsm;udk ppfwrf;jzifh aumuf,lNyD; cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;udk
SPSS uGefysLwm y½dk*&rfjzifh vkyfaqmifcJhonf/
2/ &SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkay;cJhonf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
(u) - ¤if;okawoeonf tqdkyg wuúodkvf&Sd
ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ta&;ygNyD;
tokH;0ifcJhygonf/
- ¤if;wuúodkvf&Sd ausmif;om;rsm;vnf; tvG,fwul
zwf½IEdkifygonf/
- ¤if;wGif&Sdaom t&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh tcsdefuvnf;
okawoejyKpk&ef vkHvkHavmufavmuf &SdcJhygonf/
(c) - yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;taejzifh okawoetaMumif;
em;vnfap&efvnf; aoaocsmcsm
BudK;pm;cJhygonf/
- yg0ifajzMum;oltm;vkH;u qE´&SdpGm oabmwlNyD;
ajzMum;ay;cJhonf/
(*) - SPSS tokH;jyK&jcif;rSm ¤if;onf ½IyfaxG;onfh
uGefysLwm y½dk*&rfwpfckjzpfonfhtwGufaMumifh
jzpfonf/
- yg0ifajzMum;ay;rnfholrsm;u tvkyf½Iyfaeygu?
yg0ifajzMum;vdkpdwf&Sdvmap&ef pGJaqmifjcif;/
- yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;u okawoetaMumif;
em;vnfoabmaygufap&ef *½kwpdkuf
aqmif&Gufjcif;/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 22 -
oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - &Sif;vif;rI&SdNyD;
tao;pdwfwdusaom okawoejyKvkyfEdkifygovm;
rSwfcsuf/ / þvkyfief;onf ausmif;om;rsm;udk
okawoepDrHudef;wpfcktm; tprStqkH;xd jyifqif
zefwD;NyD; vufawGUvkyfaqmifap&ef 'DZdkif;a&;qGJxm;onfh
]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS
'kwd,wpfckjzpfonf/
¤if;onf ]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief;rsm;
tm;vkH;twGuf acgif;pOfwpfckwnf;udkom
awmufavQmuftokH;jyKoGm;rnfqdkygu xda&mufrI
&SdEdkifygonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;rsm;u
¤if;vkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfaqmifaecsdefwGif ¤if;wdkY
a&G;cs,fxm;aom ,cifokawoeacgif;pOfrsm;
odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;rsm;onf vufawGUusrI r&Sdawmhjcif;?
pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdjcif; odkYr[kwf tokH;0ifrIr&Sdjcif;wdkYudk
awGUjrifvmEdkifonf odkYr[kwf tjcm;acgif;pOf odkYr[kwf
ar;cGef;udk ydkrdkpdwf0ifpm;vmEdkifygonf/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoear;cGef;udk
okH;oyftuJjzwfNyD; ¤if;ar;cGef;onf &Sif;vif;NyD;
tao;pdwfwdusí okawoejyKpkEdkifpGrf;&Sd^r&Sd
qkH;jzwf&rnf/ vdktyfouJhodkY jyKjyifajymif;vJay;&rnf/
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u rdrdwGJzuf\
okawoe ar;cGef;rsm;udk ppfaq;NyD; ¤if;wdkYudk &Sif;vif;rI
&SdNyD; tao;pdwfwdusí okawoejyKpkEdkifonfh
ar;cGef;rsm;tjzpf wdk;wufaumif;rGefvmap&ef
tjyeftvSef tBuHjyKcsufrsm; ajymMum;ay;&rnf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ - OD;wnfcsuf&Sdygonf/
- vlrsm;^vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;twGuf tokH;0ifygonf/
- þar;cGef;tm; ajzqdk&eftwGuf okawoe
vkyfaqmifEdkifygonf/
- þar;cGef;udk ,cifu okawoe rjyKpkcJh&ao;yg/
2/ - [kwfygonf/ pdwf0ifpm;rI&Sdjcif;u okawoejyKpk&ef
ydkrdkvG,fulapygonf/
- r[kwfyg/ oifpdwf0ifpm;rI r&Sdao;onfh
taMumif;t&mwpfckckudk okawoejyKpkrnfqdkvQif
taMumif;t&mtopfrsm;udk oif,lod&Sdvmyg
vdrfhrnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 23 -
1.4 okawoDaumif;wpfOD;\
o½kyfvu©Pm&yfrsm;
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\
tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ - pdwf&Snfjcif;
- pepfwus&Sdjcif;
- tvkyfBudK;pm;jcif;
2/ - zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufjcif; uRrf;usifrIrsm;
- vlrIqufqHa&;qdkif&m uRrf;usifrIrsm;
- pmta&;tom; uRrf;usifrIrsm;
- rdrdudk,fudk,f ,kHMunfrI&Sdjcif;
- toif;tzGJUjzifh vkyfaqmifjcif; uRrf;usifrIrsm;
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 24 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pDudk
a&SUpmrsufESmrS okawoDaumif;wpfOD;\
o½kyfvu©Pm&yfrsm; (odvdkpdwfjyif;jyjcif;?
cGJjcrf;pdppfEdkifjcif;ESifh pepfwus&Sdjcif;) wdkYjzifh
wGJpyf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ odvdkpdwfjyif;jyjcif;
2/ pepfwus&Sdjcif;
3/ cGJjcrf;pdppfEdkifjcif;
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoDrsm;\ udk,fa&;tusOf;udk
zwf½INyD; wpfOD;csif;pDtwGuf ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkyg/
tajzrsm;
1/ (u) jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd vufudkifzkef; okH;pGJolrsm;tMum;
usm;^ruGm[rI/
(c) jrefrmEdkifiH\ udkvdkeDacwfordkif;aMumif;/
(*) qdkifuvkef;em*pf\ oufa&mufrIrsm;/
2/ (u) - taMumif;t&mtopfrsm;udk oif,lavhvmjcif;/
(c) - ta&;BuD;aom ordkif;aMumif;qdkif&m ar;cGef;rsm;
twGuf tajzrsm;&SmazGjcif;/
- ordkif;aMumif;qdkif&m &if;jrpfrsm;udk
&SmazGazmfxkwfjcif;/
(*) - tajctaewpfckESifh ywfoufNyD; wdkuf½dkuf
em;vnfEdkif&eftwGuf tjcm;vlrsm;ESifh
pum;ajymqdkjcif;/
3/ (u) A[kokw<u,f0jcif;? pdwfvGwfvyfyGifhvif;rI&Sdjcif;?
wuf<urI&Sdjcif;/
(c) odvdkpdwfjyif;jyjcif;? pdwfvGwfvyfyGifhvif;rI&Sdjcif;?
½dk;om;rI&Sdjcif;? bufvdkufrIr&Sdjcif;/
(*) tajctaewpf&yfudk ½IaxmifhrsdK;pkHrS
cGJjcrf;pdppfEdkifjcif;? bufvdkufrIr&Sdjcif;? vdkufavsm
nDaxGrI&Sdatmif ajymif;vJEdkifpGrf;&Sdjcif;/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 26 -
vkyfief;pOf - rdrdudk,fudk,f jyefvnfokH;oyfjcif;
1/ wpfOD;csif;pDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u tcef;i,f 1.4 wGif
aqG;aEG;cJhNyD;aom okawoD\ o½kyfvu©Pm&yfrsm;xJrS
rnfonfhtcsufrsm;onf ¤if;wdkYwGif&Sdonf[k
cHpm;&aMumif; cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoD\ vu©Pm&yfrsm;xJrS
rnfonfhvu©Pm&yfrsm;udk ydkrdkwdk;wufvmatmif
aqmif&Guf&efvdktyfaMumif; cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
3/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoDrsm;
taejzifh ¤if;wdkY\ tm;omcsufESifh tm;enf;csufrsm;udk
EIdif;,SOf&rnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 27 -
vkyfief;pOf - okawoe\
tjyKoabmaqmifcsufrsm;ESifh
tysufoabmaqmifcsufrsm;
1/ wpfOD;csif;pD odkYr[kwf ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u xkwfjyefcsufwpfcsufpDwdkif;onf
(u-n txJrS) okawoe\ tjyKoabm odkYr[kwf
tysufoabmwpfckjzpfaMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
(u) tjyKoabm
(c) tysufoabm
(*) tjyKoabm
(C) tysufoabm
(i) tysufoabm
(p) tjyKoabm
(q) tysufoabm
(Z) tjyKoabm
(ps) tysufoabm
(n) tjyKoabm
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 28 -
2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoDrsm;\ rSwfcsufrsm;
(rD;cdk;a&mif av;axmifhuGufxJrS i-x) udk zwf½INyD;
¤if;rSwfcsufrsm;udk tjyKoabmESifh tysufoabmrsm;jzifh
wGJpyfyg/ rSwfcsufrsm;onf wpfckxufydkaom
tjyKoabmESifh tysufoabmrsm;jzifh wGJpyfEdkifygonf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
i. (u)? (n)
ii. (u)? (p)? (n)
iii. (C)? (i)
iv. (*)? (i)? (q)
v. (*)
vi. (C)? (i)
vii. (p)
viii. (u)? (*)? (Z)
ix. (c)? (i)
x. (ps)
rSwfcsuf/ / okawoeonf tem*wfwGif
rnfonfht&mrsm; jzpfysufvmrnfjzpfaMumif; wduspGm
rcefYrSef;Edkifacs/ odkYaomf tem*wfwGif jzpfysufvmrnfh
t&mrsm;udk wduspGm rajzMum;Edkifonfhwdkif vuf&Sd
umvwGif jyKpkcJhaom okawoeonf tem*wfwGif
jzpfvmEdkifajc&Sdaomt&mrsm;udk azmfjyEdkifygonf/
3/ tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u rSwfcsuf (i-x) ESifh oabmwlnDrI &Sd^r&Sd aqG;aEG;&rnf/
4/ tzGJUi,frsm;u okawoejyKpkjcif;\ tjcm;aom
tjyKoabmESifh tysufoabmrsm;udk xyfrHí
pm&if;jyKpka&;om;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
aumif;usdK;rsm;
- okawoeonf jyóemrsm;udk ulnDajz&Sif;ay;Edkif
ygonf/
- okawoeonf vlrsm;\ todynmudk
wdk;yGm;vmapygonf/
qdk;usdK;rsm;
- okawoejyKpk&ef tcsdefrsm;pGmay;&ygonf/
- okawoeonf vlrsm;udk pdwftaESmifht,Suf
jzpfapEdkifygonf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH;taejzifhjzpfap odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
jzpfap? ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
- þenf;tm;jzifh okawoe&v'frsm;onf
wdusrI&SdNyD; ,kHMunfvufcHEdkifpGrf; &Sdapygonf/
- þenf;tm;jzifh tjcm;vlrsm;u oif\okawoe
vkyfief;pOftwdkif; vdkufemaqmif&GufNyD; qifwlaom
&v'frsm;udk &&Sdapygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 30 -
2.1 rl&if;okawoeESifh
wpfqifhcHokawoe
rSwfcsuf/ / jrefrmEdkifiHwGif rl&if;okawoe
vkyfaqmifaeaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ 0ufbfqdk'fvifhcfrsm;
udk atmufwGifazmfjyxm;ygonf/
https://emref.org/enhttps://asiafoundation.org/where-we-work/myanmar/https://www.burnet.edu.au/countries/2_myanmar_burma
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\
tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ - vlrIrD'D,mqdkif&m okawoe
- tjcm;EdkifiHrsm; odkYr[kwf urÇmha&;&mqdkif&m
okawoe
- twdwfumvrS tjzpftysufrsm;qdkif&m okawoe
2/ - vlrsm;\ tawG;tjrifrsm;ESifh tjyKtrlrsm;qdkif&m
okawoe
- vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkY\ taMumif;t&mrsm;
qdkif&m okawoe
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 31 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ wpfpkHwpfa,mufu a'wmrsm;udk aumuf,lNyD;om;
jzpfonfhtwGuf okawoDu a'wmrsm;udk aumuf,l&ef
aiGaMu; odkYr[kwf tcsdefokH;pGJ&ef rvdktyfawmhay/
2/ oifokawoejyKpkvdkaom acgif;pOfESifh ywfoufí
vkyfaqmifcJhNyD;om; tjcm;aom okawoepmwrf;/
3/ wpfqifhcHokawoeudk wpfcgwpf&HwGif pmMunfhpm;yGJ
okawoe[kvnf; ac:wGifMuonf/ tb,faMumifh
qdkaomf ¤if;udk pmMunfhwdkufrsm;? tdrf odkYr[kwf
½kH;cef;ESifh pmMunfhpm;yGJwpfckwGif vkyfaqmifMuonfh
twGufaMumifhjzpfonf/
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pDonf
rl&if;okawoe odkYr[kwf wpfqifhcHokawoewdkY\
Oyrmrsm; [kwf^r[kwf qkH;jzwf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ rl&if;okawoe
2/ wpfqifhcHokawoe
3/ wpfqifhcHokawoe
4/ rl&if;okawoe
5/ rl&if;okawoe
6/ rl&if;okawoe
7/ wpfqifhcHokawoe
8/ rl&if;okawoe (rSwfcsuf - þOyrmwGif
tusOf;om;rsm;u uAsmrsm;udk a&;om;cJhaomfvnf;?
¤if;uAsmrsm;udk ,cifu pkaqmif;xm;jcif; odkYr[kwf
cGJjcrf;pdppfxm;jcif; r&SdonfhtwGuf tqdkyg okawoeudk
rl&if;okawoetjzpf owfrSwfygonf/)
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 32 -
vkyfief;pOf - rl&if;okawoeESifh wpfqifhcHokawoe
• ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfrsm;udk
zwf½I&rnf/
1/ wpfOD;csif; odkYr[kwf ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yf wpfckcsif;pDxJ&Sd
rl&if;okawoeESifh wpfqifhcHokawoewdkYudk
cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
(u)
rl&if;okawoe
- q&m^rrsm;ESifh pum;ajymjcif;
- a'ocHtvkyftudkif &SmazGa&;Xmersm;ESifh
pum;ajymqdkjcif;
- NGO rsm;ESifh pum;ajymqdkjcif;
wpfqifhcHokawoe
- ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;pm&if;
- aus;vufa'o tvkyfvufrJhrsm;qdkif&m NGO
tpD&ifcHpmwrf;rsm;
(c)
rl&if;okawoe
- rdom;pkrsm;udk vlawGUar;jref;jcif;
- oufBuD;&G,ftdkrsm;udk vlawGUar;jref;jcif;
- vltdkapmifha&Smufa&;a*[mrsm;rS vlemrsm;ESifh
0efxrf;rsm;udk vlawGUar;jref;jcif;
wpfqifhcHokawoe
- jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd Oya'rsm;qdkif&m NGO
tpD&ifcHpmwrf;rsm;
- ,ciftpdk;&rsm;\ usef;rma&;qdkif&m rl0g'rsm;
- jrefrmjynfolrsm;\ usef;rma&;jyóemrsm;qdkif&m
ppfwrf;a'wmrsm;
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pDtwGuf
xyfrHvkyfaqmifEdkifajc&Sdaom rl&if;okawoeESifh
wpfqifhcHokawoewdkYudk pm&if;jyKpk&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
(u)
rl&if;okawoe
- ausmif;om;rsm;? &yf&Gmacgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh
pum;ajymqdkjcif;/
wpfqifhcHokawoe
- rGefjynfe,f&Sd tvkyftudkiftaMumif;qdkif&m NGO
tpdk;&\ tpD&ifcHpmwrf;rsm;udk zwf½Iyg/
- tpdk;&xHrS ausmif;xGufEIef;rSwfwrf;rsm;udk zwf½Iyg/
(c)
rl&if;okawoe
- &yf&Gmacgif;aqmifrsm;? e,fcH NGO rsm;ESifh t&yfzuftzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk vlawGUar;jref;jcif;/
wpfqifhcHokawoe
- tjcm;a'o^EdkifiHrsm;&Sd usef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrI
twGuf vlrItzGJUtpnf;tajcjyK csOf;uyf
enf;vrf;rsm;qdkif&m pmtkyfrsm; odkYr[kwf
aqmif;yg;rsm;udk zwf½Iyg/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 33 -
oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - rl&if;okawoeESifh
wpfqifhcHokawoe
rSwfcsuf/ / þvkyfief;onf ausmif;om;rsm;udk
okawoepDrHudef;wpfcktm; tprStqkH;xd jyifqif
zefwD;NyD; vufawGUvkyfaqmifap&ef 'DZdkif;a&;qGJxm;onfh
]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS wwd,
wpfckjzpfonf/
¤if;onf ]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief;rsm;
tm;vkH;twGuf acgif;pOfwpfckwnf;udkom
awmufavQmuftokH;jyKoGm;rnf qdkygu xda&mufrI
&SdEdkifygonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;vkyfief;rsm;
udk vkyfaqmifaecsdefwGif ¤if;wdkYa&G;cs,fxm;aom ,cif
okawoe acgif;pOfrsm; odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;rsm;onf
vufawGUusrI r&Sdawmhjcif;? pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdjcif;
odkYr[kwf tokH;0ifrIr&Sdjcif;wdkYudk awGUjrifvmEdkifonf
odkYr[kwf tjcm;acgif;pOf (odkY) ar;cGef;udk ydkrdk
pdwf0ifpm;vmEdkifygonf/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u atmufygtcsufrsm;udk pm&if;jyKpk
&rnf/
- ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&eftwGuf vkyfaqmif&ef
vdktyfEdkifaom rl&if;okawoe
- ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&eftwGuf vkyfaqmif&ef
vdktyfEdkifaom wpfqifhcHokawoe
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\
&v'frsm;udk EIdif;,SOfaqG;aEG;&rnf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ oif\ vlrItzGJUtpnf;twGif;&Sd vlrsm;tay:
oufa&mufrI&Sdonfh vuf&Sdtjzpftysufwpfckcktm;
okawoejyKpkaeonfhtcg tqdkyge,fcHvlrsm;ESifh
pum;ajymqdkEdkifonf/ Oyrm - vrf; (odkY) puf½kH
uJhodkYaom zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;pDrHudef; topfwpfckck\
oufa&mufrIudk okawoejyKpk&ef? a'ocHrsm;\
aexdkifrItajctaeudk okawoejyKpk&ef? ¤if;&yf&Gm
tzGJUtpnf;twGif;&Sd tjzpftysufrsm;qdkif&m
tjrifrsm;ESifh tawGUtBuHKrsm;&,l&ef odkYr[kwf
usef;rma&; (odkY) ynma&; vufvSrf;rD&&SdrIqdkif&m
tjrifrsm; od&Sd&ef/
2/ - oif okawoejyKpkaeaom tjzpftysufonf
vGefcJhaomESpfrsm;pGmu jzpfysufcJhNyD; okawoejyKpkí
pmwrf;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhNyD;jzpfvQif/
- ¤if;tjzpftysufudk awGUBuHKcJh&ol wpfOD;
wpfa,mufrS r&Sdawmhonfhtcg/
- oif\ vlrItzGJUtpnf;twGif;&Sd tjzpftysufwGif
tpdk;&? NGO rsm;? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm; tp&Sdojzifh
yg0ifcJhNyD; tGefvdkif;tpD&ifcHpmrsm;uJhodkYaom
tokH;0ifí ,kHMunfvufcHEdkifaom wpfqifhcH
owif;tcsuftvufrsm; &&SdEdkifvQif/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 34 -
2.2 ta&twGufpHjyK
okawoe
rSwfcsuf/ / ta&twGufpHjyKenf;vrf;udk okawoe
pDrHudef;tBuD;pm;wGif rMumcPtokH;jyKMuonf/
ausmif;om;rsm;u ta&twGufpHjyK okawoeudk
aqmif&Gufvdkygu? udef;*Pef;tcsuftvuf
a'wmrsm;udk aumuf,l&ef (ppfwrf;rS)? bufvdkufrIr&Sd&ef
(trsm;vufcHEdkifaom)? okawoe tpdwftydkif;tm;vkH;udk
wpforwfwnf; aqmif&Guf&ef (,kHMunfvufcHEdkifpGrf;)
ESifh okawoejyKpkaeaom taMumif;t&mudk wduspGm
wdkif;wmay;onfh (udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;) a'wmaumuf,ljcif;
enf;vrf;rsm; zefwD;&ef &nfrSef;oifhygonf/
odkYaomf þokawoe rdwfqufpmtkyfudk oif,lpOf
vkyfaqmifaom tao;pm; okawoe pDrHudef;rsm;\
&v'frsm;onf BuD;rm;us,fjyefYaom vlOD;a&twGuf
tokH;csEdkifvdrfhrnf (a,bk,saumufcsufqGJEdkifpGrf;)
r[kwfay/
ta&twGufpHjyK okawoESifh qufpyfNyD; xyfrHod&Sdvdk
ygu https://www.skillsyouneed.com/learn/quantitative-and-qualitative.html wGifMunfhyg/
tBudKavhvmcsuff
• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\
tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ ta&twGufpHjyKa'wmonf udef;*Pef;rsm;jzpfNyD;
wdkif;wmrIrsm; yg0ifonf/ t&nftaoG;pHjyKa'wmonf
trsm;tm;jzifh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk &Sif;vif;azmfjyonfh
pum;vkH;rsm;jzpfonf/
2/ ¤if;wdkYonf okawoejyKpk&mwGif rwlnDonfh
enf;vrf;rsm;udk azmfjyaeygonf/ tcsdKUaom okawoe
ar;cGef;rsm;udk udef;*Pef;rsm;? a&wGufjcif;ESifh
wdkif;wmjcif; (ta&twGufpHjyK okawoe) jzifh
ajzMum;&ef vdktyfygonf/ tjcm;okawoersm;twGuf
pum;vkH;rsm;jzifh ajzMum;&ef (t&nftaoG;pHjyK
okawoe) vdktyfygonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
pum;vkH;rsm;onf udef;*Pef;a'wmjzifh azmfjyí
r&Edkifaom tao;pdwf tcsuftvufrsm;udk
yHhydk;ay;EdkifNyD; tajctaersm;udk ydkrdkaumif;rGefatmif
&Sif;jyay;EdkifonfhtwGufaMumifhjzpfonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 35 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pDudk
ta&twGufpHjyK okawoe\ o½kyfvu©Pm&yfrsm;xJrS
(udef;*Pef;tcsuftvuf a'wm? a,bk,saumufcsuf
qGJEdkifpGrf;ESifh "r®"dXmefusjcif;) wpfckjzifh wGJpyf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ "r®"dXmefusjcif;
2/ udef;*Pef;tcsuftvufa'wm
3/ a,bk,saumufcsufqGJEdkifpGrf;
rSwfcsuf/ / udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;ESifh tusHK;0ifpGrf;wdkYESifh
qufpyfNyD; xyfrHod&Sdvdkygu https://socialresearchmethods.net/kb/relandval.php wGif
Munfhyg/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 36 -
vkyfief;pOf - udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;ESifh tusHK;0ifpGrf;
1/ wpfOD;csif; odkYr[kwf ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfudk zwf½INyD;
¤if;wdkYonf udk;pm;EdkifpGrf; &Sd^r&Sd qkH;jzwf&rnf/
tajz
udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;r&Sdacs/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf okawoDonf
rwlnDonfh tpktzGJUrsm;udk rwluGJjym;onfh enf;vrf;jzifh
ar;cGef;rsm; ar;jref;onfhtwGufjzpfonf/
2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfudk udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;
ydk&SdvmapEdkifonfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk pm&if;jyKpkyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajz
tajctaejyjzpf&yfwGif okawoDu rwlnDonfh
tpktzGJUrsm;udk wlnDaom ar;cGef;rsm;jzifh wlnDaom
ae&mESifh tcsdefumvtwGif; ar;jref;vQif ¤if;tajctaejy
jzpf&yfonf udk;pm;EdkifpGrf; ydk&Sdvmrnfjzpfonf/
3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfudk zwf½INyD;
¤if;jzpf&yfonf tusHK;0ifpGrf; &Sd^r&Sd qkH;jzwf&rnf/
tajz
tusHK;r0ifyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf okawoDonf
ppfawGNrdKUrS q&m^rrsm;udkomvQif ar;jref;MunfhNyD;
&cdkifjynfe,f\ tjcm;NrdKUrsm;rS q&m^rrsm;udk xnfhoGif;
ar;jref;jcif; rjyKonfhtwGufaMumifhjzpfonf/
4/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfudk tusHK;0ifpGrf;
ydk&SdvmapEdkifonfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk pm&if;jyKpkyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajz
tu,fí ppfawGNrdKUomru &cdkifjynfe,f\ tjcm;
NrdKUrsm;rS q&m^rrsm;udkyg ar;cGef;rsm; ar;jref;cJhrnf
qdkvQif tqdkygtajctaejyjzpf&yfonf tusHK;0ifEdkifpGrf;
ydk&Sdvmrnfjzpfonf/
tydkaqmif;vkyfief; - a0g[m&rsm;udk t"dyÜm,f
zGifhqdkyg/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;\ t"dyÜm,fudk
0guswpfaMumif;wnf;jzifh azmfjyyg/
2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tusHK;0ifpGrf;\ t"dyÜm,fudk
0guswpfaMumif;wnf;jzifh azmfjyyg/
3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsufudk
tGefvdkif; odkYr[kwf tbd"mefpmtkyfrsm;jzifh EIdif;,SOfyg/
jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf
• ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufudk zwf½Iyg/
1/ jzpf&yfavhvmcsufxJrS ta&twGufpHjyK okawoe\
o½kyfvu©Pm&yfrsm;udk cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
udef;*Pef;tcsuftvuf a'wmrsm; - okawoDrsm;u
ppfwrf;vTmudk tokH;jyKí yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;udk
taMumif;t&m\ ta&;ygrItvdkuf tqifhcGJowfrSwfcdkif;
cJhonf/ (&SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;t& yg0ifol 49.6%
u w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;udk OD;pm;ay;cJhMuNyD; 64.7%
u vmbfpm;rIonf qufvufjzpfyGm;aeaom
jyóemwpfckjzpfonf[k ,lqxm;Muonf/
a,bk,saumufcsufqGJEdkifpGrf; - ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif;
udk jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd wdkif;a'oBuD;ESifhjynfe,f 14 ckpvkH;wGif
aumuf,lcJhonfhtwGuf a,bk,saumufcsufqGJEdkifpGrf;
ydk&Sdapygonf/ odkYaomf tcsdKUoufBuD;&G,ftdkrsm;u
yg0ifajzMum;&ef r0Hhr&JjzpfaecJhMuygonf/
"r®"dXmefusjcif; - yg0ifajzqdkolrsm;udk ynma&;?
usef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrI? o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;ESifh
w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;uJhodkYaom tjyKoabmaqmifonfh
taMumif;t&mrsm;? vmbfpm;rIESifh y#dyu©uJhodkYaom
tysufoabmaqmifonfh taMumif;t&mrsm; ESpfckpvkH;
ESifh ywfoufNyD; ar;cGef;rsm; ar;jref;cJhygonf/
udk;pm;EdkifpGrf; - wdkif;a'oBuD;ESifh jynfe,ftm;vkH;wGif
wlnDaom ar;cGef;rsm;ygonfh ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTmrsm;udk
tokH;jyKí ar;jref;cJhygonf/
tusHK;0ifpGrf; - okawoeonf e,fcHtpdk;&ESifh
oufqdkifaom todtjrif A[kokwudk avhvmcJhjcif;
jzpfonf/ ar;cGef;rsm;jzifh aus;&Gmtkyfpk tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;rsm;?
w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;udk em;vnfoabmaygufrI? y#dyu©ESifh
ynma&;? usef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrI? o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;ESifh
vQyfppfrD;ponfh 0efaqmifrIrsm; yHhydk;ay;jcif;wdkY
taMumif;udk a'ocHjynfolrsm;tm; ar;jref;jcif;jzifh
e,fcHtpdk;&ESifh ywfoufonfh todtjrifA[kokwwdkYudk
wdkif;wmMunfh&ef BudK;pm;cJhygonf/
2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoDrsm;taejzifh &ifqdkifBuHKawGUcJh
&Edkifajc&Sdaom pdefac:rIrsm;udk pdwful;Munfh&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
- tcsdKUvlrsm; (Oyrm - vlBuD;rsm;? ppfwrf;vTmajzqdk&ef
pdwfvufoufawmifhoufomr&Sdjcif;) odkYr[kwf
vli,frsm;udk ydkNyD;vlawGUar;jref;cJhonfhtwGuf
bufvdkufrI&SdEdkifaom vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;/
- Oya'? y#dyu©? vmbfpm;rI (odkYr[kwf) e,fcH
tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;rsm; ponfh xdvG,f&SvG,f jzpfEdkifaom
acgif;pOfrsm;taMumif; ar;jref;onfhtcgwGif
ajzqdk&ef pdwfvufoufawmifhoufomr&Sdolrsm;?
½dk;om;pGmajzqdk&ef r0Hhr&Jjzpfaeolrsm;/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 37 -
oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - ta&twGufpHjyK
okawoe
rSwfcsuf/ / þvkyfief;onf ausmif;om;rsm;udk
okawoepDrHudef;wpfcktm; tprStqkH;xd jyifqif
zefwD;NyD; vufawGUvkyfaqmifap&ef 'DZdkif;a&;qGJxm;onfh
]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS
av;ckajrmufjzpfonf/
¤if;onf ]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief;rsm;
tm;vkH;twGuf acgif;pOfwpfckwnf;udkom
awmufavQmuftokH;jyKoGm;rnfqdkygu xda&mufrI
&SdEdkifygonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;vkyfief;rsm;
udk vkyfaqmifaecsdefwGif ¤if;wdkYa&G;cs,fxm;aom ,cif
okawoe acgif;pOfrsm; odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;rsm;onf
vufawGUusrIr&Sdawmhjcif;? pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdjcif;
odkYr[kwf tokH;0ifrIr&Sdjcif;wdkYudk awGUjrifvmEdkifonf
odkYr[kwf tjcm;acgif;pOf (odkY) ar;cGef;udk ydkrdk
pdwf0ifpm;vmEdkifygonf/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ pDrHudef;wGif xnfhoGif;
tokH;jyKoGm;rnfh rnfodkYaom ta&twGufpHjyK
okawoersm;udkrqdk cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u udef;*Pef;tcsufvuf a'wmrsm;
(ppfwrf;rS xkwfEIwfxm;aom) yg0ifonfh Oyrmrsm;
yg0ifrI&Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;ay;yg/
2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ ta&twGufpHjyK
okawoeonf udef;*Pef;rsm;yg0ifjcif;?
"r®"dXmefusjcif;? udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;ESifh tusHK;0ifpGrf;&Sdaprnfh
enf;vrf;rsm;udk pOf;pm;&rnf/
• txufyg oabmw&m;rsm;udk ausmif;om;rsm;
em;vnfrI &Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;yg - ausmif;om;rsm;u
pmrsufESm 34-35 &Sd &Sif;jycsufrsm;ESifh Oyrmrsm;udk
&nfnTef;udk;um;Edkifonf/ Oyrm -
- udef;*Pef; - vlOD;a&wGif wpfpkHwpf&m rnfrQ
&Sdoenf;? wpfpkHwpf&mudk rnfrQvkyfaqmifMuoenf;
ponfh ta&twGuf odkYr[kwf &mcdkifEIef;rsm;
yg0ifonfh ar;cGef;rsm; ar;jref;&ef ppfwrf;vTm
tokH;jyKjcif;/
- "r®"dXmefusus - ¤if;wdkY\ ta&twGufpHjyK
okawoeonf aumif;usdK;ESifh qdk;usdK;ESpfckpvkH;udk
wdkif;wmoifhNyD; okawoetay: vTrf;rdk;Edkifonfh
¤if;wdkY\ bufvdkufrIrsm;udkvnf; cGifhrjyKoifhay/
- udk;pm;EdkifpGrf; - okawoeudk wpfBudrfpDwdkif;wGif
wpforwfwnf; pepfwusvkyfaqmifjcif;/
- tusHK;0ifpGrf; - tokH;jyKonfh ta&twGufpHjyK
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm;onf wdkif;wm&rnfh
t&mrsm;udk wduspGmwdkif;wmjcif;/
3/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\
ta&twGufpHjyK okawoetpDtpOfESifh ¤if;okawoeudk
"r®"dXmefusjcif;? udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;ESifh tusHK;0ifpGrf;&Sdatmif
aqmif&Guf&mwGif awGUBuHK&Edkifonfh tcuftcJrsm;udk
aqG;aEG;&rnf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
- acgif;pOfwpfckESifh ywfoufNyD; rnfodkYenf; (odkY)
tb,faMumifhenf; ponfh ar;cGef;rsm; ar;jref;onfh
okawoe
- tajctaewpf&yf\ qufpyftaMumif;t&m (odkY)
aemufcHtaMumif;&if;rsm;udk tao;pdwfem;vnf&ef
BudK;pm;onfh okawoe
- vlrsm;\ ,kHMunfcsufrsm; odkYr[kwf
vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;\ taMumif;&if;cHrsm;udk
em;vnf&efBudK;pm;onfh okawoe
- rwlnDonfhvlrsm;\ taMumif;t&mwpfcktay:
xm;&Sdonfh ½Iaxmifhrsm;udk em;vnfvdkonfh
okawoe
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 38 -
2.3 t&nftaoG;pHjyK
okawoe
rSwfcsuf/ / t&nftaoG;pHjyK okawoeESifh
qufpyfNyD; xyfrHod&Sdvdkygu https://socialresearchmethods.net/kb/qual.php wGif 0ifa&muf
Munfh½IEdkifygonf/
ausmif;om;rsm;u t&nftaoG;pHjyK okawoeudk
vkyfaqmifrnfqdkygu tao;pdwfa'wmrsm;
aumuf,ljcif; (vlawGUar;jref;jcif; odkYr[kwf OD;wnf
tkyfpk aqG;aEG;0dkif;rsm;rSwpfqifh) yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;\
tjrifrsm;tay: jyefvnfokH;oyfjcif;
(yk*¾v"dXmefusjcif;)? ¤if;wdkY\ okawoevkyfief;pOf
tpdwftydkif;tm;vkH;udk tao;pdwfrSwfpka&;om;xm;jcif;
(twnfjyKEdkifpGrf;) ESifh &SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk
yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;ESifhtwl ppfaq;jcif;jzifh a'wmrsm;\
wdusrIudk ppfaq;jcif; (trsm;,kHMunfvufcHEdkifpGrf;)
wdkYudk aqmif&Guf&ef &nfrSef;xm;oifhygonf/
twnfjyKEdkifpGrf;ESifh trsm;,kHMunfvufcHEdkifpGrf;
(udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;ESifh tusHK;0ifEdkifpGrf;wdkYtwdkif;) wdkYonf
t&nfaoG;jrifh okawoewpfck aqmif&Guf&eftwGuf
ta&;BuD;ygonf/ odkYaomf ¤if;wdkYonf ½IyfaxG;onfh
oabmw&m;rsm;jzpfonfhtwGuf ausmif;om;rsm;
taejzifh em;rvnfbJ pdwf½IyfaxG;apEdkifygonf/
,ckrSpwifrnfh okawoDtopfrsm;twGuf
¤if;oabmw&m;rsm;udk tjynfhtpkHem;vnfxm;&ef
rjzpfrae rvdktyfay - vlrIokawoetaMumif;
qufvufoif,loGm;rnfqdkvQif tem*wfwGif awGUjrif
avhvmoGm;&ygvdrfhrnf/
twnfjyKEdkifpGrf;ESifh trsm;,kHMunfvufcHEdkifpGrf;taMumif;
xyfrHod&Sdvdkygu https://socialresearchmethods.net/kb/qualval.php wGif 0ifa&mufMunfh½IEdkifygonf/
tBudKavhvmcsuff
• ausmif;om;rsm;u xkwfjyefcsufrsm;onf rSefuefrI
&Sd^r&Sd ajzMum;&rnf (odkY) cefYrSef;&rnf/
• pmom;rsm;udk zwf½INyD; ¤if;wdkY\ tajzrsm;udk
ppfaq;&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ rrSefyg/
2/ rSefygonf/
3/ rSefygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 39 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfwpfckpDwdkif;udk
t&nftaoG;pHjyK okawoe\ o½kyfvu©Pm&yfrsm;
(pmrsufESm 38 rS u-*) - udef;*Pef;tcsuftvuf
r[kwfonfh a'wmrsm;? tao;pdwfa'wmrsm;ESifh
yk*¾v"dXmefusjcif;wdkYxJrS wpfck odkYr[kwf
wpfckxufydkNyD; wGJpyfay;&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ udef;*Pef;tcsuftvufr[kwfonfh a'wmrsm;
2/ udef;*Pef;tcsuftvufr[kwfonfh a'wmrsm;?
tao;pdwfa'wmrsm;
3/ udef;*Pef;tcsuftvufr[kwfonfh a'wmrsm;?
yk*¾v"dXmefusjcif;
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 40 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u xkwfjyefcsufrsm;onf rSef^rSm;
qkH;jzwf&rnf/
• rSm;,Gif;aeygu rSefuefaom xkwfjyefcsufwpfcktjzpf
jyifqifa&;om;&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ rSm;ygonf - twnfjyKEdkifpGrf;qdkonfrSm tjcm;
okawoDrsm;u &v'frsm; wlnDrI &Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;&ef
oif\okawoeudk aemufwpfBudrf vkyfaqmifEdkifap&ef
*½kjyKaqmif&Gufxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
2/ rSefygonf/
3/ rSm;ygonf - trsm;,kHMunfvufcHEdkifpGrf; qdkonfrSm
okawoe&v'frsm;onf yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;\
½IaxmifhrSMunfhvQif wdusrI &Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;jcif;jzpfonf/
4/ rSefygonf/
vkyfief;pOf - twnfjyKEdkifpGrf;ESifh
trsm;,kHMunfvufcHEdkifpGrf; &Sdygovm;
1/ wpfOD;csif;pD odkYr[kwf ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfudk zwf½INyD;
¤if;jzpf&yfonf twnfjyKEdkifpGrf;&Sd^r&Sd qkH;jzwf&rnf/
tajz
&Sdygonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf tpD&ifcHpmwrf;xJwGif
enf;vrf;rsm;? ar;cGef;rsm;ESifh vlawGUar;jref;jcif;wdkYudk
tao;pdwf azmfjyxm;onfhtwGufaMumifhjzpfonf/
2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfudk zwf½INyD;
¤if;jzpf&yfonf trsm;,kHMunfvufcHEdkifpGrf; &Sd^r&Sd
qkH;jzwf&rnf/
tajz
r&Sdyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf okawoDu
&SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;\ ½IaxmifhrS
MunfhvQif wdusrI &Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;&ef ¤if;wdkYudk
wifjycJhjcif; r&SdonfhtwGufaMumifhjzpfonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 41 -
jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf
• ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufudk zwf½Iyg/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufxJ&Sd
t&nftaoG;pHjyK okawoe\ o½kyfvu©Pm&yfrsm;udk
cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajz
udef;*Pef;tcsuftvufr[kwfaom a'wmrsm;
- a'wmrsm;wGif aqG;aEG;0dkif;? vlawGUar;jref;jcif;?
udk,f[eftrlt&mudk apmifhMunfhonfhtcgESifh vlwdkY\
pum;ajymonfhykHpHwdkYukd a&;om;xm;onfh rSwfpkwdkrsm;
yg0ifonf/
tao;pdwfa'wmrsm; - trsdK;orD;rsm;ESifh
aqmif&Gufaom tvkyf½kHaqG;aEG;yGJonf ESpf&ufwm
MumjrifhcJhNyD; ¤if;wdkY\ yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m tawGUtBuHKrsm;?
OD;pm;ay;taMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh arQmfvifhcsufrsm;qdkif&m
ar;cGef;rsm;udk ar;jref;cJhygonf/
yk*¾v"dXmefusjcif; - okawoewGif trsdK;orD;rsm;\
yk*¾dKvfa&;qefaom tawGUtBuHKrsm;? arQmfvifhcsufrsm;?
tjrif½Iaxmifhrsm;? cHpm;csufrsm;ESifh vdktyfcsufrsm;udk
ar;jref;cJhygonf/
twnfjyKEdkifpGrf; - okawoe tpD&ifcHpmwGif
enf;vrf;rsm;? tvkyf½kHaqG;aEG;yGJ vkyfief;pOfrsm;?
aqG;aEG;csufrsm;? vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;? ar;cGef;rsm;?
yg0ifajzMum;ol a&G;cs,frI? rSwfpkwdkESifh apmifhMunfh
avhvmrIwdkYudk cGJjcrf;pdppfcsufwdkYqdkif&m tao;pdwf
azmfjycsufrsm; yg0ifonf/
trsm;,kHMunfvufcHEdkifpGrf; - &SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk
yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;ESifh zvS,frQa0cJhjcif; &Sd^r&Sd
pmydk'frsm;xJwGif azmfjycJhjcif;r&Sdacs/
2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u þacgif;pOfESifh ywfoufNyD;
vkyfaqmifEdkifajc&Sdaom ta&twGufpHjyK okawoeudk
pdwful;pOf;pm;Munfh&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;\ yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m tawGUtBuHKrsm;
r[kwfaom a,bk,s aemufcHtaMumif;&if;rsm;ESifh
ywfoufonfh ta&twGufpHjyK a'wmrsm;udk
pkaqmif;&eftwGuf ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTmudk
tokH;jyKEdkifygonf/ Oyrm - a&TUajymif;cJh&aom
ae&ma'orsm;? ynma&;? 0ifaiG? wdkif;&if;om;
vlrsdK;? udk;uG,fonfhbmom tp&Sdojzifh/
¤if;tcsuftvufrsm;onf yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;\
aemufcHtaMumif;&if;ESifh ¤if;wdkY\ yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m
tawGUtBuHKrsm;tMum; qufET,frIrsm;udk &SmazG&mwGif
taxmuftulay;Edkifygvdrfhrnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 42 -
oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - t&nftaoG;pHjyK
okawoe
rSwfcsuf/ / þvkyfief;onf ausmif;om;rsm;udk
okawoepDrHudef;wpfcktm; tprStqkH;xd
jyifqifzefwD;NyD; vufawGUvkyfaqmifap&ef
'DZdkif;a&;qGJxm;onfh ]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;}
vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS ig;ckajrmufjzpfonf/
¤if;onf ]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief;rsm;
tm;vkH;twGuf acgif;pOfwpfckwnf;udkom
awmufavQmuftokH;jyKoGm;rnf qdkygu xda&mufrI&SdEdkif
ygonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;vkyfief;rsm;udk
vkyfaqmifaecsdefwGif ¤if;wdkYa&G;cs,fxm;aom ,cif
okawoe acgif;pOfrsm; odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;rsm;onf
vufawGUusrI r&Sdawmhjcif;? pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdjcif;
odkYr[kwf tokH;0ifrIr&Sdjcif;wdkYudk awGUjrifvmEdkifonf
odkYr[kwf tjcm;acgif;pOf odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;udk ydkrdk
pdwf0ifpm;vmEdkifygonf/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ pDrHudef;xJwGif xnfhoGif;
tokH;jyKEdkifrnfh t&nftaoG;pHjyK okawoersm;udk
cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u udef;*Pef;r[kwfonfh a'wmrsm;
(vlawGUar;jref;rIrsm;ESifh apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;rS
xkwfEkwfxm;aom) yg0ifonfh Oyrmrsm; yg0ifrI &Sd^r&Sd
ppfaq;ay;yg/
2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ ta&twGufpHjyK
okawoeonf twnfjyKEdkifpGrf;ESifh trsm;,kHMunf
vufcHEdkifpGrf;&Sdaprnfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk pOf;pm;&rnf/
• txufyg oabmw&m;rsm;udk ausmif;om;rsm;
em;vnfrI &Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;yg - ausmif;om;rsm;u
pmrsufESm 39 &Sd &Sif;jycsufrsm;ESifh Oyrmrsm;udk
&nfnTef;udk;um;Edkifonf/ Oyrm -
- twnfjyKEdkifpGrf; - okawoe vkyfief;pOf\
tqifhrsm;tm;vkH;udk aqmif&GufykHtm; wduspGm
tao;pdwf rSwfwrf;wifxm;jcif;/
- trsm;,kHMunfvufcHEdkifpGrf; - yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;
xHrS aumuf,lcJhaom a'wmrsm;\wdusrIESifh ¤if;wdkY
jyifqifxnfhoGif;csifonfh tjcm;tcsuftvufrsm;
odkYr[kwf ajymif;vJcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh
jyefvnftBuHjyKcsufrsm; &,ljcif;/
3/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u
¤if;wdkY\ t&nftaoG;pHjyK okawoe tpDtpOfESifh
¤if;okawoeudk twnfjyKEdkifpGrf;ESifh trsm;,kHMunf
vufcHEdkifpGrf;&Sdatmif aqmif&Guf&mwGif
awGUBuHK&Edkifonfh tcuftcJrsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
- aumif;rGefaom tajymtqdkESifh temtMum;
pGrf;&nfrsm;/
- yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;ESifh ,kHMunfrI
wnfaqmufEdkifpGrf;/
- a'wmaumuf,ljcif;onf tcsdefMumEdkifonfhtwGuf
pdwf&Snfjcif;/
- pum;ajymqdkaqG;aEG;&mwGif acgif;pOfwpfckrS
tjcm;wpfckodkY ajymif;vJEdkifonfhtwGuf
jyKvG,fajymif;vG,f&Sdjcif;/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 43 -
2.4 a&maxG;xm;onfh
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm;
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\
tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajz
ta&twGufpHjyKESifh t&nftaoG;pHjyK enf;vrf;ESpfck
pvkH;udk tokH;jyKjcif;qdkonfrSm rwlnDonfh
enf;vrf;rsm;rS &v'frsm;onf - ppfwrf;vTm?
vlawGUar;jref;jcif; tp&Sdojzifh - wlnDaom&v'frsm;
xGufay:vmjcif; &Sd^r&SdESifh trsm;,kHMunfvufcHEdkifpGrf;
&Sd^r&Sd EIdif;,SOfEdkifygonf/
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u Oyrmwpfckcsif;pDudk ¤if;wdkY\
ta&twGufpHjyK okawoeenf;vrf;? t&nftaoG;pHjyK
okawoeenf;vrf; odkYr[kwf a&maxG;xm;onfh
enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh wGJpyf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ a&maxG;xm;onfh enf;vrf; - ar;cGef;rsm;udk
vlawGUar;jref;jcif; (t&nftaoG;pHjyK) odkYr[kwf
ppfwrf;vTmrsm; (ta&twGufpHjyK) enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh
ar;jref;Edkifygonf/
2/ t&nftaoG;pHjyK enf;vrf; - "mwfykHrsm;onf
wGufcsufí r&EdkifonfhtwGuf ¤if;wdkYonf tao;pdwf
t&nftaoG;pHjyK tcsuftvufrsm;udk yHhydk;ay;ygonf/
3/ a&maxG;xm;onfh enf;vrf; - ¤if;enf;vrf;onf
ta&twGufpHjyK a'wmrsm; (yg0ifajzMum;ol 86.7%)
udk tokH;jyKNyD; t&nftaoG;pHjyK a'wmrsm; (uREfkyfwdkY\
vlawGUar;jref;rIrsm;wGifvnf; twnfjyKcJhygonf) ESifh
EIdif;,SOfMunfhygonf/
4/ t&nftaoG;pHjyK enf;vrf; - vlawGUar;jref;rIrsm;wGif
ajymonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;? ,kHMunfvufcHxm;Muonfh
t&mrsm;onf t&nftaoG;pHjyK (ESifh yk*¾v"dXmef
usonfh) a'wmrsm;jzpfonf/
5/ ta&twGufpHjyK enf;vrf; - udef;*Pef;a'wmrsm;
yHhydk;ay;onfh ppfwrf;ar;cGef;wpfckjzpfonf/
6/ a&maxG;xm;onfh enf;vrf;rsm; - orm;½dk;us
r[kwfonfh pum;pjrnfajymqdkrIrsm;onf
tao;pdwfusaom t&nftaoG;pHjyK a'wmrsm;udk
&&Sdapygonf/ touft&G,f? usm;^rESifh tvkyftudkif
ponfwdkYudk ppfwrf;xJwGif xnfhoGif;ar;jref;NyD;
ta&twGufpHjyK udef;*Pef;a'wmrsm; yHhydk;ay;Edkif
ygonf/
7/ t&nftaoG;pHjyK enf;vrf; - apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;rsm;
onf tao;pdwf t&nftaoG;pHjyK a'wmrsm;\
tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfonf/
vkyfief;pOf - okawoevkyfaqmif&mwGif
enf;vrf;rsm;udk a&maxG;tokH;jyKjcif;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u pmrsufESm 37 ESifh 41 &Sd okawoe
Oyrmrsm;udk zwf½I&rnf/
• ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh pDrHudef;
wpfckcsif;pDwGif a&maxG;xm;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk
rnfodkYtokH;csEdkifaMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ okawoDrsm;u yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\
&yf&GmtzGJUtpnf;twGif; jyóemrsm;udk rnfodkY
&ifqdkifawGUBuHK&aMumif;ESifh w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;ESifh
vmbfpm;rIwdkYonfh ta&;BuD;onfh jyóemjzpfaMumif;
,kHMunfxm;&onfh taMumif;&if;cHrsm;udk
ydkrdk&SmazG&eftwGuf tao;pdwf t&nftaoG;pHjyK
vlawGUar;jref;rIrsm;udk tokH;jyKMuonf/
2/ okawoDrsm;u jynfwGif;a&TUajymif;aexdkifol
trsdK;orD;rsm;udk ¤if;wdkY\ touft&G,f?
uav;ta&twGuf (uav;&SdvQif) ESifh ,cifu
a&TUajymif;aexdkifcJh&onfhae&mrsm; ponfh
tcsuftvufrsm;udk ppfwrf;aumuf,lar;jref;Edkifonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 44 -
vkyfief;pOf - ta&twGufpHjyKESifh t&nftaoG;pHjyK
okawoewdkYudk EIdif;,SOfjcif;
1/ wpfOD;csif;pDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u vl 10 OD;tm;
ar;cGef;rsm; (1-4) udk ar;jref;NyD; tajzrsm;udk
rSwfwrf;wif&rnf/
• ¤if;wdkY\ twef;azmfrsm;udk ar;jref;Edkifonf odkYr[kwf
tdrfpmtjzpf rdom;pk0ifrsm;? rdwfaqGrsm; (odkY)
¤if;wdkY\ vlrItzGJUtpnf;twGif; aexdkifolrsm;udk
ar;jref;Edkifonf/
2/ a'wmrsm;udk zGJUpnf;NyD; tESpfcsKyfa&;om;&rnf/
3/ tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh &SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
4/ tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ar;cGef;rsm; (u-*) udk vl 3 OD;tm;
ar;jref;í tajzrsm;udk rSwfwrf;wif&rnf/
5/ &v'frsm;udk zGJUpnf;NyD; tESpfcsKyfa&;om;&rnf/
• t&nftaoG;pHjyK vlawGUar;jref;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;u
owif;tcsuftvufrsm; ydkrdk&&SdapNyD; ausmif;om;rsm;
taejzifh aocsmpGmzGJUpnf;&ef tcufawGUEdkifygonf/
ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY&&Sdvmaom tajzrsm;xJrS
erlemrsm;udk tESpfcsKyfa&;om;&efESifh cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&ef
BudK;pm;rI&Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;yg/
6/ wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh &SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk
aqG;aEG;&rnf/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u ta&twGufpHjyKESifh t&nftaoG;pHjyK
okawoewdkYwGif &&Sdvmaom tajzrsm;udk
EIdif;,SOf&rnf/
7/ ¤if;wdkYu ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
(u) yxrydkif; ar;cGef;rsm;onf tydwfar;cGef;rsm;
jzpfMuNyD; 'kwd,ydkif;ar;cGef;rsm;onf tzGifh
ar;cGef;rsm; jzpfMuonf/ yxrydkif; ar;cGef;rsm;wGif
ajzMum;olrsm;onf a&;om;azmfjyxm;aom
tajzrsm;xJrS a&G;cs,f&rnfjzpfNyD; 'kwd,ydkif;
ar;cGef;rsm;twGuf udk,fwdkifa&;om; ajzMum;Edkif
ygonf/
(c) yxrydkif;ar;cGef;rsm;u udef;*Pef;a'wmrsm;udk
&&SdapNyD; 'kwd,ydkif;ar;cGef;rsm;u tao;pdwf
tajzrsm;udk pum;vkH;rsm;jzifh azmfjyay;ygonf/
(*) yxrydkif; ta&twGufpHjyK ar;cGef;rsm;xJrS
a'wmrsm;udk zGJUpnf;&ef ydkvG,fulygonf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf Z,m;xJ&Sd tydwfar;cGef;
wpfckpDwdkif;twGuf uefYowfxm;aomtajzrsm;
owfrSwfxm;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/
wkHYjyefajzMum;csufrsm;udk EIdif;,SOfEdkifonfh
ta&twGufrsm; tjzpf aygif;pyfEdkifygonf/
'kwd,ydkif; t&nftaoG;pHjyK tzGifhar;cGef;rsm;rS
a'wmrsm;wGif ajzMum;csufrsm;xJu erlemrsm;udk
&SmazG&efESifh em;vnfatmif *½kwpdkufzwf½I&ef
vdktyfonfh pmom;jzifh a&;om;xm;aom
tcsuftvufrsm;pGm &Sdygonf/
vkyfief;pOf - a&maxG;xm;onfh okawoe
enf;vrf;rsm;wGif tokH;jyKonfh ar;cGef;rsm;
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ta&twGufpHjyK ar;cGef; 3 ckESifh
t&nftaoG;pHjyK ar;cGef; 3 ckwdkYudk usyef;taejzifh
a&;csí pm&if;jyKpk&rnf/
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ¤if;wdkY\ pm&if;rsm;udk vJvS,fNyD;
wGJzufrsm;u rnfonfhar;cGef;rsm;onf ta&twGufpHjyK
ar;cGef;rsm;jzpfMuNyD; rnfonfhar;cGef;rsm;onf
t&nftaoG;pHjyK ar;cGef;rsm;jzpfaMumif;
cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 46 -
3.1 xdcdkufemusifaprI
rSwfcsuf/ / okawoe usifh0wfrsm;ESifh qufpyfNyD;
xyfrHod&Sdvdkygu https://www.fhi360.org/sites/default/files/webpages/RETC-CR/en/RH/Training/trainmat/ethicscurr/RETCCREn/pr/Contents/SectionIV/b4sl32.html wGif 0ifa&mufzwf½Iyg/
okawoe usifh0wfrsm;qdkif&m jzpf&yfavhvmcsufrsm;
twGuf https://www.fhi360.org/sites/default/files/webpages/RETC-CR/en/RH/Training/trainmat/ethicscurr/RETCCREn/ss/CaseStudies/cspg1.html wGif
0ifa&mufzwf½Iyg/
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\
tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ - okawoeonf xdvG,f&SvG,fjzpfEdkifaom
acgif;pOfwpfcktay:wGif (Oyrm - w&m;r0if
vkyfief;rsm;taMumif; okawoe) vkyfaqmifaeygu
wpfoD;yk*¾vrsm; odkYr[kwf vlrItzGJUtpnf;
wpf&yfvkH;taejzifh tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh &ifqdkifajz&Sif;
&Edkifygonf/
- okawoeaMumifh vlrItzGJUtpnf;wpf&yftwGif;&Sd
vlrsm;tMum; jyóemjzpfyGm;Edkifapygonf (Oyrm
- EdkifiHa&; (odkY) bmoma&;uJhodkYaom xd&SvG,f
taMumif;t&mrsm;)
- okawoejyKpkjcif;onf yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;twGuf
tcsdefumvMumjrifhjcif; (odkY) aiGukefaMu;usrsm;
apjcif; &Sdygu tqdkygvlrsm;twGuf jyóemrsm;
jzpfyGm;apEdkifygonf/ (Oyrm - tvkyfrScGifh,l&jcif;
(odkY) c&D;a0;oGm;vm&jcif;)
2/ - ¤if;wdkY\ okawoeonf yg0ifajzMum;ay;rnfh
vlrsm;/ vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;tay: xdcdkufemusifaprI
rjzpfyGm;apvdkygu -
- okawoewGif yg0ifrnfhvlrsm;\
o½kyfvu©Pmrsm;udk umuG,fay;&rnf/
- yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;xHrS a'wmrsm;udk wduspGm
aumuf,lí &SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk ½dk;om;pGm
tpD&ifcHwifjy&rnf/
vkyfief;pOf - jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom jyóemrsm;udk
BudKwifcefYrSef;yg
• ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfudk zwf½I&rnf/
• wpfOD;csif;pD odkYr[kwf ESpfa,mufwGJpD
odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh þokawoeaMumifh
jzpfyGm;vmEdkifajc&Sdaom xdcdkufemusifaprIrsm;udk
aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
- okawoDu rl;,pfaq;0g;okH;pGJolrsm;udk
wuúodkvfrS wm0ef&Sdolrsm; odkYr[kwf tpdk;&xHodkY
xkwfazmfajymjyEdkifNyD; ¤if;wdkYtaejzifh qdk;qdk;0g;0g;
'ku©a&mufEdkifonf/
- okawoDu ausmif;om;rsm;\ cGifhjyKcsuf
rawmif;cHbJ ¤if;wdkYudk "mwfykH½dkuf,lxm;Edkifonf/
- okawoDu ausmif;om;rsm;udk aiGaMu;jzifh
urf;vSrf;onfhtwGuf ausmif;om;rsm;u
tcsuftvufrsm;udk vkyfBuHzefwD;
ajymMum;Edkifonf/
- ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoDxHrS&&Sdonfh aiGaMu;jzifh
rl;,pfaq;0g;rsm;udk 0,f,lokH;pGJEdkifonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 48 -
vkyfief;pOf - xdcdkufemusifaprIrsm;udk
cGJjcm;azmfxkwfyg
1/ tajctae jzpf&yfwpfckpDwdkif;wGif ausmif;om;rsm;u
xdcdkufemusifcHpm;&olrsm;ESifh okawoDaMumifh
jzpfay:vmEdkifaom xdcdkufemusifaprI trsdK;tpm;rsm;udk
cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
(u) - okawoDESifh vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;taejzifh w&m;a&;
qdkif&m xdcdkufepfemrIrsm;udk cHpm;&Edkifonf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf ajr,mydkifqdkifrI
tcGifhta&;onf xdvG,f&SvG,f&Sdonfh EdkifiHa&;
acgif;pOfwpfck jzpfonfhtwGufaMumifhjzpfonf/
- tqdkyg vlrItzGJUtpnf;twGif;&Sd vlrsm;u
yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;udk od&SdoGm;ygu ¤if;wdkYtMum;&Sd
qufqHa&;rsm;udk vlrIa&;qdkif&m xdcdkufepfemrIrsm;
jzpfapygonf (ajr,mydkifqdkifrI y#dyu©rsm;
&SdaeMuonf)/
(c) - ausmif;om;rsm;u vlrIa&;qdkif&m xdcdkufepfemrIrsm;
cHpm;&Edkifygonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
tjcm;olrsm;\ tEdkifusifhrIudkcH&aMumif; vltrsm;
a&SUwGif aqG;aEG;onfhtcgwGif tqdkygvltkyfxJü
tEdkifusifhcJholrsm; yg0ifaeygu tajctaeudk
ydkrdkqdk;&Gm;oGm;apEdkifaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
- ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ cufcJaom
tawGUtBuHKrsm;udk jyefvnfpOf;pm;&NyD;
zGifh[ajymqdk&onfhtcgwGif pdwfydkif;qdkif&m
xdcdkufemusifrIrsm; cHpm;&Edkifygonf/
(*) - okawoDESifh aw;*DwtzGJUonf w&m;a&;qdkif&m
xdcdkufepfemrIrsm; cHpm;&Edkifygonf/ tb,faMumifh
qdkaomf o½kyfjyyGJwGif aw;*DwtzGJUudk rSwfwrf;wif
ADG'D,dk½dkuful;jcif;onf tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh jyóem
jzpfyGm;apEdkifygonf/
(C) - vrf;wGif ,mOfrawmfwqjzpfygu okawoDtaejzifh
½kyfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufepfemrIrsm; cHpm;&Edkifygonf/
(i) - okawoDtaejzifh aeYpOfaeYwdkif; 0rf;enf;zG,f
b0taMumif;rsm; em;axmif&onfhtwGuf pdwfydkif;
qdkif&m xdcdkufrIrsm;udk awGUBuHKcHpm;&Edkifygonf/
- yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;taejzifh ¤if;wdkY\ 0rf;enf;zG,f
tawGUtBuHKrsm;udk jyefvnfpOf;pm;&ygu pdwfydkif;
qdkif&m xdcdkufepfemrIrsm;udk awGUBuHKcHpm;&Edkif
ygonf/
(p) - tdrf&Sifrsm;u okawoeESifh ywfoufNyD;
pdwfqdk;a'goxGufygu okawoDESifh tdrftul
tvkyform;rsm;taejzifh tMurf;zufcH&rIaMumifh
½kyfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufepfemrIrsm; cHpm;&Edkifygonf/
- tdrftultvkyform;rsm;taejzifh tdrf&Sifu
pdwfqdk;NyD; tvkyfxkwfonfhtcgrsdK;wGif
tvkyfvufrJhjzpfonfhtwGufaMumifh pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m
xdcdkufepfemrIrsm; cHpm;&Edkifygonf/
2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pD&Sd
xdcdkufepfemrIrsm;udk avQmhcsEdkifrnfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk
cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
(u) - vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;udk wpfBudrfvQif wpfOD;pDESifh
awGUqkHNyD; ajzMum;ay;olrsm;\ udk,fa&;&mZ0ifudk
vQdKU0Sufay;xm;&rnf/
(c) - ar;onfh ar;cGef;rsm;u ausmif;om;rsm;udk
tvGeftrif; pdwfxdcdkufrIjzpfapygu ar;jref;jcif;udk
&yfqdkif;&rnf odkYr[kwf acwåtem;ay;&rnf/
- tjcm;ausmif;om;rsm;\ trnfrsm;udk
azmfjycdkif;jcif;tm; a&SmifusOfyg/
- þxd&SvG,facgif;pOfESifh ywfoufNyD; vlawGU
ar;jref;&mwGif tzGJUvdkufaqG;aEG;jcif; r[kwfbJ
ausmif;om;rsm;udk (txl;ojzifh tEdkifusifhcH&olrsm;
jzpfygu) wpfOD;csif;pD oD;oefYar;jref;yg/
(*) - okawoDu o½kyfjyyGJodkY rwufa&mufoifhyg
odkYr[kwf o½kyfjyyGJwGif aw;*DwtzGJUudk rSwfwrf;wif
½dkuful;jcif; rjyKvkyfoifhyg (¤if;wdkY\ oabm
wlnDcsufr&&SdbJ - BudKwifoabmwlnDxm;jcif;
r&SdbJ)/ aw;*DwtzGJUxHrS ½dkuful;&eftwGuf
oabmwlnDcsuf &&Sdxm;onfhwdkif okawoepDrHudef;
jyifyrS vlrsm;udk jyojcif; odkYr[kwf tGefvdkif;wGif
rQa0jcif;wdkYudk rjyKvkyfoifhyg/ (tcef;i,f 3.2 wGif
oabmwlnDcsuf&,ljcif;ESifh vQdKU0Sufxm;jcif;wdkY
taMumif;udk xyfrH&Sif;jyxm;ygonf/)
(C) - okawoDu c&D;rxGufcGmrD vrf;c&D;ESifh &moDOwk
tajctaersm;udk &SmazGavhvmxm;oifhygonf/
c&D;oGm;vQif wwfEdkiforQ vkHNcHKrI&Sdap&ef
BudK;pm;NyD; qdkifu,fOD;xkyfESifh umuG,fay;Edkifaom
t0wftpm;rsm; 0wfqifoifhygonf/
(i) - yg0ifajzMum;olwpfOD;OD;u vlawGUar;jref;jcif;
umvtwGif; tvGeftrif; 0rf;enf;rIcHpm;vm&ygu
ulnDyHhydk;ay;Edkifonfht&mrsm;udk pdwfynm
uRrf;usifolrsm; odkYr[kwf tawGUtBuHK&Sdaom
okawoDrsm;xHrS tBuHÓPfrsm;awmif;cHyg/
yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;udk aqG;aEG;vrf;nTefrI odkYr[kwf
pdwfydkif;qdkif&m ulnDyHhydk;ay;onfh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\
qufoG,f&ef vdyfpmrsm;udk ajymjyay;yg/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 49 -
- 0rf;enf;zG,f&m b0ZmwfaMumif;rsm;udk
em;axmifjcif;aMumifh okawoDtwGuf jzpfvmEdkifajc
&Sdaom pdwfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufcHpm;&rIudk
avQmhcs&ef wpfaeYwmtwGif; vltenf;i,fudkom
vlawGUar;jref;jcif; jyKvkyfyg/
(p) - ½dkufESufcHxm;&aom tvkyform;rsm;\
"mwfykHrsm;udk xnfhoGif;rxkwfazmfoifhyg/
3.2 usifh0wfnD okawoe\
t*Fg&yfrsm;
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\
tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ okawoe taMumif;t&mrsm;? jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom
xdcdkufepfemrIrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkY\ vlrItzGJUtpnf;twGuf
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm; ponfwdkYudk
yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;xH today;ajymMum;&ef
vdktyfygonf/
2/ yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;ESifh okawoetwGuf ajymjyajzMum;
ay;cJhonfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk okawoD
wpfOD;wnf;om od&Sdxm;ygonf/
3/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf okawoe &SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;
onf tqdkyg vlrItzGJUtpnf;ay: oufa&mufrI&Sdonfh
tzGJUtpnf;rsm; (odkY) tpdk;&\ qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;tay:
vTrf;rdk;rI &SdEdkifonfhtwGufjzpfonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 50 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;wpfckcsif;pDtwGuf
taumif;qkH;tajzudk a&G;cs,f&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ (u)
2/ (C)
3/ (*)
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 51 -
vkyfief;pOf - jyóemudk cGJjcm;azmfxkwfyg
• ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfrsm;udk
zwf½I&rnf/
1/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
tajctaejyjzpf&yfrsm;udk usifh0wfnDokawoe\
t*Fg&yfrsm;xJrS vpf[maeonfhtcsufwpfckckjzifh
wGJpyf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
(u) ½dk;om;rI
(c) oabmwlnDcsuf awmif;cHjcif;
(*) vQdKU0Sufxm;jcif;
2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfxJrS okawoD
taejzifh ¤if;wdkY\ okawoeudk ydkNyD;usifh0wfnDap&ef
rnfodkYvkyfaqmifEdkifaMumif; aqG;aEG;&rnf/
tajzrsm;
(u) okawoewGif tifwmeufenf;ynmtopfrsm;
tokH;jyKjcif; atmifjrifcJhonfh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;
a'wmrsm;udk xnfhoGif;azmfjyouJhodkY enf;ynm
topfrsm; tokH;jyKaomfvnf; atmifjrifrIr&SdcJhonfh
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;\ a'wmrsm;udk xnfhoGif;
azmfjyjcif;jzifh okawoeudk ydkNyD;½dk;om;rI&Sdap&efESifh
ydkrdkwdusapEdkifygonf/
(c) okawoDu okawoepDrHudef;wGif oabmwlnDcsuf
vufrSwfa&;xdk;&ef jiif;qdkonfh ausmif;om;rsm;udk
xnfhoGif;azmfjyjcif; rjyKvkyfoifhay/
¤if;taejzifh tpD&ifcHpmudk tNyD;owfa&;om;NyD;
rxkwfa0cif tqdkygausmif;om;rsm;\ rnfonfh
a'wmrsm;udkrqdk z,fxkwfoifhygonf/
(*) okawoDu yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;\ ajzMum;csufrsm;
xJrS okawoeacgif;pOfESifh qufET,frI&Sdonfh
tcsuftvufrsm;udkom xnfhoGif;azmfjyNyD;
yg0ifajzMum;oludk tvG,fwulodEdkifonfh
rnfonfh yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;udkrqdk
rxnfhoGif;rdap&ef txl;*½kjyKoifhygonf/
vkyfief;pOf - usifh0wfnD okawoetwGuf
vrf;nTefcsufrsm;
• ESpfa,mufwGJpD odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u usifh0wfnDokawoetwGuf
vdkufem&ef pnf;rsOf;OyrmESpfckudk zwf½I&rnf/
1/ ¤if;OyrmESpfckonf rnfodkY qifwlnDaeMuaMumif;
cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajz
OyrmESpfckpvkH;wGif xdcdkufemusifaprIrsm;udk
azmfjyxm;NyD; ¤if;wdkYESpfckpvkH;ü okawoewGif
½dk;om;rI&Sd&efudkvnf; oG,f0dkufaom enf;vrf;jzifh
tBuHjyKxm;ygonf (ESOMAR OyrmwGif yGifhvif;
jrifomrI&Sdjcif;ESifh UNESCO OyrmwGif okawoe\
t&nftaoG;)/
2/ ¤if;OyrmESpfckonf rnfodkY uGJjym;jcm;em;MuaMumif;
cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajz
ESOMAR OyrmwGif vQdKU0Sufxm;rIudk (yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m
a'wmrsm;udk umuG,fjcif;) oG,f0dkufpGm tBuHjyKxm;
aomfvnf; UNESCO OyrmwGif razmfjyxm;yg/
UNESCO OyrmwGif Oya'qdkif&m taMumif;t&mrsm;udk
azmfjyxm;aomfvnf; ESOMAR OyrmwGif
razmfjyxm;yg/
3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u vrf;nTefcsufrsm;pm&if; (þpmtkyf
twGuf oD;oefYa&;om;xm;onf) udk zwf½I&rnf/
• vrf;nTefcsufrsm; (u-p) udk vdkufem&ef
pnf;rsOf;rsm;ESifh wGJpyf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
(u) ESOMAR iii and UNESCO iii
(c) ESOMAR i and ii
(*) ESOMAR iii and UNESCO iii
(C) ESOMAR iii and UNESCO iii
(i) ESOMAR i and UNESCO i
4/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD (odkY) tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u usifh0wfnDokawoe
vrf;nTefcsufrsm;pm&if;wGif tjcm;aom
vrf;nTefcsufrsm;udk xyfrHaygif;xnfh&rnf/
5/ wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoe
pDrHudef;rsm;twGuf usifh0wfqdkif&m vrf;nTefcsufrsm;udk
a&;om;&rnf/ vdktyfygu &SdNyD;om; Oyrmrsm;udk
tokH;jyK&ef odkYr[kwf ajymif;vJ&ef a&G;cs,fEdkifygonf/
• pm&if;pm&Gufudk eH&Hay:wGifuyfyg/ þbmom&yf
wpfavQmufvkH;wGif ¤if;pm&if;rsm;udk udk;um;tokH;jyK
oGm;&ef ausmif;om;rsm;udk wdkufwGef;tm;ay;yg/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 52 -
vkyfief;pOf - vufawGUavhusifhrI usifh0wfrsm;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u ay;xm;aom tajctaejy
jzpf&yfrsm;udk zwf½INyD; ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&rnf/
• jzpf&yfavhvmcsufqdkif&m ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&eftwGuf
pHEIef;rsm;tjzpf jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom xdcdkufemusifaprI
trsdK;tpm;rsm; (pm - 46-48 wGif pm&if;azmfjyxm;onf)
ESifh usifh0wfnDokawoe\ t*Fg&yfrsm; (pm - 49-50)
udk &SmazG&ef ausmif;om;rsm;udk owday;yg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ ½kyfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufemusifrI - okawoDu tqdkyg
aus;&GmodkY oGm;vm&mwGif xdcdkufemusifrIrsm; cHpm;&
Edkifonf/ tmPmydkifrsm;u (tjcm;tpktzGJUrsm;u)
okawoeESifh ywfoufNyD; rauseyfygu &Gmom;rsm;
twGuf ½kyfydkif;qdkif&m tEÅ&m,f&SdEdkifygonf/
pdwfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufemusifapjcif; - tcsdKUaom
v,form;rsm;onf twdwfumvwGif vufeufudkif
y#dyu©rsm;udk &ifqdkifawGUBuHKcJhzl;onfhtwGuf
tqdkyg tawGUtBuHKrsm;taMumif; ajymqdkjcif;aMumifh
pdwfxdcdkufrI cHpm;&Edkifygonf/
w&m;a&;qdkif&m xdcdkufemusifrI - okawoDtaejzifh
EdkifiHa&;t& xd&SvG,fonfh ae&ma'orsm;odkY
c&D;oGm;vmjcif;aMumifh 'ku©a&mufEdkifygonf/
aus;&GmrS &Gmom;rsm;onfvnf; EdkifiHa&;t& xd&SvG,f
taMumif;t&mrsm;udk okawoDtm; ajymjyonfhtwGuf
'ku©a&mufEdkifygonf/
vlrIa&;qdkif&m xdcdkufemusifrI - ¤if;aus;&Gmonf
twdwfumvwGif vufeufudkify#dyu©rsm;udk &ifqdkif
awGUBuHKcJhzl;onfhtwGuf tqdkyg aus;&Gmtm; EdkifiHa&;
taMumif;t&mrsm; ar;jref;ajymqdkjcif;jzifh rwlnDonfh
EdkifiHa&;½Iaxmifhrsm;&SdMuonfh &Gmom;rsm; odkYr[kwf
rwlnDonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; (odkYr[kwf vufeufudkif
tzGJUrsm;) udk axmufcHonfh &Gmom;rsm;tMum;
vlrIa&;qdkif&m xdcdkufemusifrIrsm; jzpfvmapEdkifygonf/
pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m xdcdkufemusifrI - okawoeaMumifh
yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;u tvkyftudkif&yfem;&ygu -
txl;ojzifh vlawGUar;jref;&mwGif tcsdefMumjrifhvGef;jcif;
- ¤if;okawoeonf tqdkygaus;&GmtwGuf pD;yGm;a&;
qdkif&m xdcdkufepfemrIrsm; jzpfapEdkifygonf/
oabmwlnDcsuf awmif;cHjcif; - okawoDu
okawoe\ &nf&G,fcsuf? vlrItzGJUtpnf;twGuf
tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;ESifh yg0ifajzqdkrnfh &Gmom;rsm;tay:
oufa&mufEdkifajc&Sdonfh tEÅ&m,frsm; ponfwdkYudk
&Sif;jyNyD; okawoewGif yg0ifajzMum;&eftwGuf
oabmwlnDcsuf awmif;cH&ef vdktyfygonf/
vQdKU0Sufxm;jcif; - okawoDu &Gmom;rsm; wpfOD;ESifh
wpfOD; odkYr[kwf tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh jyóemr&Sdap&ef
twGuf ¤if;wdkY\ trnfrsm;? vdyfpmrsm;ESifh EdkifiHa&;qdkif&m
,kHMunfcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk
vkHNcHKrI&Sdap&ef *½kpdkufoifhygonf/
½dk;om;rI - okawoeudk axmufyHhay;aom
tzGJUtpnf;u aus;vufa'orsm;onf 'Drdkua&pDudk
ydkNyD;pdwf0ifpm;MuaMumif; azmfjycsifonf/ okawoDu
okawoeonf axmufyHhaMu;ay;aom tzGJUtpnf;\
vdkvm;csufrsm;udk OD;pm;ray;bJ &Gmol &Gmom;rsm;
wifjyonfhtcsufrsm;udk ½dk;om;pGmESifh wduspGm
*½kwpdkuf owdxm;&rnf/ &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;xJwGif
jrefrmpum; rajymwwfaom &Gmom;rsm;&SdonfhtwGuf
¤if;wdkY\ tjrif½Iaxmifhrsm;udk okawoe&v'frsm;wGif
xnfhoGif;azmfjyEdkif&efvnf; BudK;pm;oifhygonf/
2/ okawoDu okawoe\ &nf&G,fcsuf? aus;&GmtwGuf
tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;ESifh jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tEÅ&m,frsm;udk
&Sif;jyNyD;aemuf &Gmom;rsm;ESifh vlawGUar;jref;jcif;tpwGif
oabmwlnDcsuf awmif;cHoifhygonf/
3/ (u) pdwfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufemusifrI - þar;cGef;ESifh
ywfoufNyD; xyfrHar;jref;jcif;rjyKbJ tjcm;ar;cGef;rsm;
ar;jref;jcif;jzifh (odkY) vlawGUar;jref;rIudk
&yfwefYjcif;ESifh yg0ifajzMum;oltm; tem;,lapjcif;ESifh
qufvufajzMum;&ef qE&Sd r&Sd qkH;jzwfapjcif;jzifh
pdwfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufemusifrIudk avQmhcsEdkifygonf/
(c) pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m xdcdkufemusifrI - &Gmom;rsm;twGuf
jyóemrsm;pGm jzpfapygu tpD&ifcHpm xkwfjyef&mwGif
&Gmom;rsm;udk twif;wufa&mufcdkif;jcif; rjyKvkyf
ygESifh/ jzpfEdkifygu yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;\ c&D;oGm;vm
p&dwfESifh tvkyfysufonfh epfemaMu;rsm;udk
pdkufxkwfay;yg/
(*) w&m;a&;qdkif&m xdcdkufemusifrI - &Gmom;rsm;u
EdkifiHa&;taMumif;t&mrsm;udk aqG;aEG;cJhNyD; trnfrsm;
odkYr[kwf "mwfykHrsm;jzifh rnfolrnf0g cGJjcm;azmfxkwf
Edkifygu (odkY) axmufyHhaMu;ay;aom tzGJUtpnf;u
¤if;wdkY\ udk,fa&;tcsuftvufrsm;udk tmPmydkifrsm;
xHodkY wifjyygu ¤if;&Gmom;rsm;onf 'ku©a&mufEdkif
ygonf/ þtcsufonf vQdKU0Sufxm;jcif;ESifh
oabmwlnDcsuf awmif;cHjcif;qdkif&m udpö&yfwpfck
jzpfonf/ yg0ifajzMum;onfh &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;\
o½kyfvu©Pmudk qufvufvQdKU0Sufxm;Edkif&eftwGuf
¤if;wdkYudk azmfxkwf&ef tokH;jyKEdkifonfh tcsuftvuf
rsm;? trnfrsm;ESifh "mwfykHrsm;udk a'wmrsm;xJrS
z,fxkwfyg/ axmufyHhaMu;ay;aom tzGJUtpnf;
taejzifh &Gmom;rsm;xHrS rSwfpkrsm; tokH;jyK&eftwGuf
oabmwlnDcsuf pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk (trnfrsm;ESifh
"mwfykHrsm; z,f&Sm;xm;aom) vdktyfygvdrfhrnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 54 -
oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - okawoe usifh0wfrsm;
rSwfcsuf/ / þvkyfief;onf ausmif;om;rsm;udk
okawoepDrHudef;wpfcktm; tprStqkH;xd jyifqif
zefwD;NyD; vufawGUvkyfaqmifap&ef 'DZdkif;a&;qGJxm;onfh
]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS
ajcmufckajrmufjzpfonf/
¤if;onf ]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief;rsm;
tm;vkH;twGuf acgif;pOfwpfckwnf;udkom
awmufavQmuftokH;jyKoGm;rnf qdkygu xda&mufrI&SdEdkif
ygonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;vkyfief;rsm;udk
vkyfaqmifaecsdefwGif ¤if;wdkYa&G;cs,fxm;aom ,cif
okawoe acgif;pOfrsm; odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;rsm;onf
vufawGUusrIr&Sdawmhjcif;? pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdjcif;
odkYr[kwf tokH;0ifrIr&Sdjcif;wdkYudk awGUjrifvmEdkifonf
odkYr[kwf tjcm;acgif;pOf odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;udk ydkrdk
pdwf0ifpm;vmEdkifygonf/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkYa&G;cs,fxm;aom okawoe
pDrHudef;wGif &ifqdkifBuHKawGU&Edkifonfh usifh0wfqdkif&m
udpö&yfrsm; odkYr[kwf jyóemrsm;udk pdwful;pOf;pm;
Munfh&rnf (Oyrm - vQdKU0Sufxm;jcif;? yg0if
ajzMum;olrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkYudk,fwdkif\ ½kyfydkif;qdkif&mESifh
pdwfydkif;qdkif&m vkHNcHKa&;? okawoe\ t&nftaoG;?
w&m;a&;qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;? pojzifh)/
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\
okawoe pDrHudef;rsm;wGif usifh0wfqdkif&m xnfhoGif;
pOf;pm;csufrsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u usifh0wfqdkif&m okawoe vkyfief;
twGuf nTefMum;csufrsm;pm&if; (pm - 51-52) udk
Munfh½INyD; tqdkyg nTefMum;csufrsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\
okawoe pDrHudef;ESifh rnfodkY qufET,frI&SdaMumif;
aqG;aEG;&rnf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 56 -
4.1 ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTmrsm;
tBudKavhvmcsuf
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTmxJ&Sd ar;cGef;rsm;udk
zwf½INyD; ajzMum;&rnf/
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ¤if;wdkY\ tajzrsm;udk
EIdif;,SOf&rnf/
3/ wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 58 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u xkwfjyefcsufrsm;onf
rSefuefaMumif; odkYr[kwf rSm;,Gif;aMumif;
qkH;jzwf&rnf/
• rSm;,Gif;aeygu rSefuefatmif jyifqifa&;om;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ rSefygonf
2/ rSefygonf
3/ rSm;ygonf - vlawGUar;jref;olwpfOD;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk
ar;jref;NyD; tajzrsm;udk jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;onfh
vlawGUar;jref;rI tajzvTmxJwGif jznfhpGufa&;om;
ygonf/
4/ rSefygonf
5/ rSm;ygonf - ajzMum;olu ¤if;wdkY\ tajzrsm;udk
udk,fwdkifjznfhpGuf&onfh ar;cGef;vTmxJ jznfhpGuf&onf
(odkYr[kwf ay;xm;aom a&G;cs,fp&m tajzrsm;xJrS
a&G;cs,f&onf)/
6/ rSm;ygonf - EdkifiHwpfEdkifiH&Sd vlOD;a&taMumif;t&m
tcsuftvufrsm;udk &SmazG&eftwGuf oef;acgifpm&if;
wpfckudk ykHrSeftm;jzifh tpdk;&u aumuf,lygonf/
jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf
1-2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufudk zwf½INyD;
ar;cGef;rsm;tm; ajzMum;&rnf/
3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u pmrsufESm 152 &Sd ppfwrf;
ar;cGef;vTmudk zwf½I&rnf/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh
wpfOD;u pmrsufESm 152 &Sd jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;onfh
vlawGUar;jref;jcif; ar;cGef;vTmxJrS ar;cGef;rsm;udk
ar;jref;onfh tjynfjynfqdkif&m tvkyform;
tzGJUtpnf;\ vlawGUar;jref;oltjzpf
o½kyfaqmifNyD; wGJzufjzpfolu yg0ifajzMum;ay;ol
tjzpf o½kyfaqmifí o½kyfazmfwifqufrIwpfck
aqmif&Guf&rnf/
4/ ¤if;wdkYu tjyeftvSef Zmwfaumifajymif;vJNyD;
ar;cGef;vTmxJrS ar;cGef;rsm;udk aemufwpfBudrf
jyefvnfar;jref; ajzMum;Mu&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ jrefrmEdkifiH\ vkyfom;tiftm;pkESifh ywfoufNyD; wdusí
,kHMunfvufcHEdkifaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm; &&Sd&ef/
2/ jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom vlawGUar;jref;jcif;wpfck/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 59 -
jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf
• ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufudk zwf½I&rnf/
1/ xdkYaemuf ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&rnf/
tajzrsm;
(u) ausmif;om;ESifh q&mrsm;
(c) - ausmif;om;ESifh q&mrsm;twGuf
uRrf;usifrIrsm;\ ta&;ygrI
- ausmif;om;rsm;\ uRrf;usifwwfajrmufrIqdkif&m
A[kokwESifh vkyfudkifEdkifpGrf;
wdk;wufajymif;vJrIEIef;
2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u rkcfOD;ynma&;tzGJU\ oif,la&;
uRrf;usifrIqdkif&m ausmif;om;ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTmudk
jznfhpGuf&rnf/
3/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh tajzrsm;udk EIdif;,SOf&rnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 60 -
jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf
• ausmif;om;rsm;u pmrsufESm 60-61 &Sd
jzpf&yfavhvmcsufrsm;udk zwf½Iyg/
• ¤if;wdkYu ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf ]u} twGuf ar;cGef;vTmrsm;udk
tvkyf½kHaqG;aEG;yGJwGif yg0ifolrsm;xHrS jyefvnf
tBuHjyKcsufrsm; tvG,fwul vsifjrefpGm &&SdEdkif&ef
twGuf tokH;jyKEdkifygonf/ jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf ]c}
twGuf ar;cGef;vTmrsm; tokH;jyKjcif;\ tusdK;aus;Zl;
wpfckrSm EdkifiH\ vlOD;a&BuD;wpf&yfvkH;ESifh ywfoufonfh
tcsuftvufrsm;udk aumuf,l&ef tokH;jyKEdkifygonf/
2/ - jzpf&yfavhvmcsufESpfckpvkH;wGif ar;cGef;vTmrsm;udk
tokH;jyKcJhMuygonf/
- ESpfckpvkH;onf yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;\ udk,fa&;
tcsuftvufrsm;udk aumuf,lcJhygonf/
- aumuf,lcJhaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk qkH;jzwfcsuf
csrSwf&mwGif xnfhoGif;tokH;jyKcJhygonf/
3/ - oef;acgifpm&if; ppfwrf;onf vlOD;a&BuD;wpf&yfvkH;
xHrS a'wmrsm;udk aumuf,lcJhNyD; tvkyf½kH
aqG;aEG;yGJ ppfwrf;udk vlenf;pk tzGJUwpfzGJU\
tcsuftvufrsm; aumuf,l&mwGif tokH;jyKcJh
ygonf/
- oef;acgifpm&if;onf wpfoD;yk*¾vrsm;\
tcsuftvufrsm;udk aumuf,lcJhNyD; tvkyf½kH
aqG;aEG;yGJ ppfwrf;onf vlrsm;\ tjrifESifh
ywfoufonfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk
aumuf,lcJhygonf/
- oef;acgifpm&if;a'wmrsm;udk tpdk;&u tokH;jyKNyD;
tvkyf½kHaqG;aEG;yGJ ppfwrf;rS a'wmrsm;udk tpdk;&
r[kwfonfh tzGJUtpnf;wpfck (ukvor*¾) u
tokH;jyKcJhygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 61 -
aqG;aEG;csuf
1/ wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrsm; - wpfckonf pum;ajymqdkjcif;
jzpfNyD; tjcm;wpfckonf a&;om;xm;onfh
pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk tokH;jyKygonf/ vlawGU
ar;jref;onfhwpfckudk vkyfaqmif&ef vlESpfOD;
vdktyfygonf/
qifwlnDcsufrsm; - ESpfckpvkH;wGif ppfwrf;okawoeudk
tokH;jyKcJhMuNyD; ESpfckpvkH;wGif ar;cGef;rsm;
ar;jref;cJhygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 62 -
4.2 ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTm
wpfapmif zefwD;
a&;om;jcif;
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\
tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ okawoeESifh nTefMum;csufrsm;qdkif&m tajccH
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;/
2/ ta&;BuD;qkH; ar;cGef;rsm;ESifh aus;Zl;wifaMumif;
ajymMum;jcif;/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 63 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm; (u-n) udk pmrsufESm
62-63 wGif azmfjyxm;aom ar;cGef;acgif;pOf
trsdK;tpm;rsm; (1-4) atmufwGif a&G;cs,fa&;om;yg/
tajzrsm;
1/ u? n
2/ c? *? i? q? ps
3/ C? Z
4/ p
vkyfief;pOf - ppfwrf;ar;cGef;rsm; a&;om;yg
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ppfwrf;ar;cGef;acgif;pOf wpfckpDwdkif;
- yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m ar;cGef;rsm;? pdwfaeoabmxm;ESifh
,kHMunfrIrsm;qdkif&m ar;cGef;rsm;? todtjrifqdkif&m
ar;cGef;rsm;? tawGUtBuHKqdkif&m ar;cGef;rsm; - twGuf
Oyrm ar;cGef;rsm; a&;om;&rnf/
2/ tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\
ar;cGef;rsm;udk tvSnfhuszwfjy&rnfjzpfNyD; tjcm;
ausmif;om;rsm;u zwfjyonfh ar;cGef;rsm;onf
rnfonfh ppfwrf;ar;cGef;acgif;pOfwGif yg0ifaMumif;
cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 65 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;onf tzGifhar;cGef;
odkYr[kwf tydwfar;cGef;rsm;jzpfaMumif; cGJjcm;azmfxkwf
&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ tydwfar;cGef;jzpfonf (tajzrSm [kwfonf odkYr[kwf
r[kwfyg jzpfonf)
2/ tydwfar;cGef;jzpfonf (a&G;cs,f&rnfh tajzrsm;udk
uefYowfxm;onf)
3/ tzGifhar;cGef;jzpfonf (þar;cGef;twGuf tajzrsm;onf
wpfOD;ESifh wpfOD; rwlnDEdkifyg)
4/ tydwfar;cGef;jzpfonf (wpfpkHwpfOD; tvkyfodkYoGm;&ef
twGuf tokH;jyKEdkifaom o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;
trsdK;tpm;rsm;onf tuefYtowf&Sdygonf - Oyrm
- vrf;avQmufjcif;? pufbD;pD;jcif;? qdkuúm;? qdkifu,f?
um;? wuúpD? bwfpfum;? &xm;)
5/ tzGifhar;cGef;jzpfonf (0ifa&mufMunfh½IEdkifonfh
0ufbfqdk'frsm;pGm &SdaeonfhtwGuf ajzMum;csufrsm;
tm;vkH;onf uGJjym;jcm;em;Edkifygonf)
6/ tzGifhar;cGef;jzpfonf (þar;cGef;twGuf
vlwpfOD;csif;pDu rwlnDonfh tajzrsm;
ajzMum;Edkifonf)
7/ tydwfar;cGef;jzpfonf (jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tBudrfa&aygif;
tuefYtowf&Sdygonf)
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 66 -
vkyfief;pOf - ppfwrf;ar;cGef;rsm; a&;om;yg (2)
• wpfOD;csif;pD odkYr[kwf ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD odkYr[kwf
tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;trsdK;tpm;
wpfckcsif;pD\ Oyrmrsm;udk 'DZdkif;a&;qGJ&rnf/
¤if;Oyrmrsm;onf okawoear;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&ef
tultnDjzpfap&ygrnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ t*Fvdyfpmbmom&yfudk tb,faMumifh avhvm&oenf;/
2/ ocsFmbmom&yfonf ta&;BuD;aom uRrf;usifrIwpfck
[kwfygovm;/ [kwfygonf/ r[kwfyg/
3/ 1-10 EIef;xm;t& enf;ynmuRrf;usifrIonf rnfrQ
ta&;BuD;ygoenf;/
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
4/ ]vlrItzGJUtpnf; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIonf uREfkyf\ tem*wf
twGuf ta&;BuD;aom acgif;pOfwpfckjzpfonf/}
1/ vkH;0oabmrwlyg
2/ oabmrwlyg
3/ Mum;ae
4/ oabmwlonf
5/ vkH;0oabmwlonf
5/ atmufygbmom&yfrsm;udk ¤if;wdkY\ ta&;ygrIvdkuf
tqifhcGJowfrSwfyg/ 1 onf ta&;ygrI tenf;qkH;jzpfNyD;
6 onf ta&;ygrI tjrifhqkH;jzpfonf/
- t*Fvdyfbmom
- ocsFm
- odyÜH
- IT
- vlrItzGJUtpnf; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;
- vlrIa&;odyÜH
jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf
• ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufudk zwf½Iyg/
• xdkYaemuf ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkyg/
tajzrsm;
1/ jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;&Sd Oya'? pD;yGm;a&;ESifh
vlYtodkuft0ef;qdkif&m okawoejyKpkjcif;/ MSR tzGJUonf aps;uGuf? vlrIa&;ESifh obm0ywf0ef;usif
qdkif&m okawoersm;udkvnf; vkyfaqmifygonf/
2/ 0,f,lokH;pGJol tavhtxajymif;vJrI ppfwrf;u
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;taejzifh xkwfukef odkYr[kwf
0efaqmifrItopfrsm;udk zefwD;xkwfvkyf&mwGif
taxmuftuljyKap&eftwGuf 0,f,lokH;pGJolrsm;\
BudKufESpfoufrI? vdktyfcsufESifh vdktyfqE´rsm;udk &SmazG
azmfxkwfay;ygonf/
3/ (u) onf tawGUtBuHKqdkif&m ar;cGef;wpfckjzpfygonf/
(c) onf pdwfaeoabmxm;? ,kHMunfcsufrsm;ESifh
pHwefzdk;rsm;qdkif&m ar;cGef;wpfckjzpfygonf/
4/ (u) onf tydwfar;cGef;wpfckjzpfonf/
(c) onf tqifhcGJowfrSwfcdkif;onfh ar;cGef;wpfck
jzpfonf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajz
5/ vQdKU0Sufxm;rIjzpfonf/ MSR tzGJUu ppfwrf;rS
&&Sdvmaom yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;udk
vQdKU0Sufxm;jcif;jzifh vdkufemusifhokH;ygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 67 -
aqG;aEG;csuff
• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
tydkaqmif;vkyfief; - vlrItzGJUtpnf;rS
0,f,lokH;pGJol tavhtxajymif;vJrIppfwrf;
1/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ausmif; odkYr[kwf
vlrItzGJUtpnf;twGuf taxmuftuljzpfaprnfh
acgif;pOfwpfcktwGuf 0,f,lpm;okH;ol tavhtx
ajymif;vJrI ppfwrf;wpfckudk 'DZdkif;a&;qGJ&rnf/
2/ ¤if;ppfwrf;udk pmoifcef;xJwGif prf;oyftokH;jyK
&rnf/
3/ vufawGUusygu ¤if;wdkYywf0ef;usif&Sd a'ocH
vlrsm;udk ppfwrf;aumuf,lí twef;odkY tpD&ifcH
wifjy&rnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 68 -
4.3 vlOD;a&ESifh pHerlem
aumuf,ljcif;
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\
tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ rsm;pGmaom vlpk? vlOD;a&\ &mcdkifEIef; - 100 - 1000 -
vlwdkif;tm;vkH;/
rSwfcsuf/ / oabmw&m;t& ppfwrf;aumuf,laom
vlOD;a&onf vkHavmufrI&SdonfhtcgwGif ppfwrf;\
&v'frsm;onf vlOD;a&BuD;wpf&yfvkH;twGuf a,bk,s
aumufcsufqGJEdkifygonf/
2/ trsdK;om;ESifh trsdK;orD;? rwljcm;em;aom wdkif;&if;om;
tpktzGJUrsm;? vlBuD;ESifh vli,f? &yf&GmtzGJUtpnf;
acgif;aqmifrsm;? ausmif;om;rsm;? tao;pm;pD;yGm;a&;
vkyfief;ydkif&Sifrsm;? a&TUajymif;aexdkifolrsm;
tp&Sdojzifh vlrItzGJUtpnf;wpfck\ rwlnDaom
tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk udk,fpm;jyKonfh rwluGJjym;aom
tpktzGJUrsm;/ wpfzGJUcsif;pD\ erlemwpfckpDudk &&Sd&ef
*½kpdkufoifhygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 69 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;wpfckcsif;pDtwGuf
taumif;qkH;tajzudk a&G;cs,f&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ (c)
2/ (u)
3/ (c)
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u vlOD;a& (1-2) udk oufqdkif&m
pHEIef;rsm; (u-Z) wdkYjzifh wGJpyf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ (c)? (*)? (C)? (q)
2/ (u)? (i)? (p)? (Z)
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 70 -
jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf
• ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufudk zwf½I&rnf/
• xdkYaemuf ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif vuf&Sd zGifhvSpfxm;aom
pmMunfhwdkufrsm;
2/ (u) tokH;jyKEdkifaom taqmufttkHwpfck&Sd&rnf/
(C) jynfolrsm;u pmMunfhwdkufrS pmtkyfrsm;udk
iSm;&rf;Edkifonf/
(i) pmMunfhwdkufwGuf vuf&Sdtvkyfvkyfaeaom
0efxrf;rsm;&Sd&rnf/
(p) pmMunfhwdkufwGif pmtkyfrsm; 0,f,l&efESifh
0efxrf;rsm;tm; vpmay;&ef bwf*suf&Sd&rnf/
(n) pmMunfhwdkufwGif jynfolrsm; iSm;&rf;zwf½IEdkifaom
pmtkyfrsm;&Sdonf/
rSwfcsuf/ / tcsdKUausmif;om;rsm;u ]c/ pmMunfhwdkuf
wGif tifwmeuf csdwfquftokH;jyKEdkifonf}
udk pHEIef;wpfcktjzpf a&G;cs,fEdkifonf/ odkYaomf
¤if;tcsufonf avhvmcsufxJ&Sd vuf&Sdvnfywfaeaom
pmMunfhwdkufwpfcktjzpf todtrSwfjyKcH&&ef pHEIef;wpfck
r[kwfacs/ ¤if;tcsufonf tjcm;pHEIef;rsm;jzifh
pmMunfhwdkufrsm;udk vuf&Sdvnfywfaeaom
pmMunfhwdkufwpfcktjzpf azmfxkwfNyD;onfhtcgwGif
vnfywfaeaom pmMunfhwdkuftm;vkH;udk
okH;oyftuJjzwfoGm;rnfh &if;jrpfwpfckomjzpfonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 71 -
oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - vlOD;a&
rSwfcsuf/ / þvkyfief;onf ausmif;om;rsm;udk
okawoe pDrHudef;wpfcktm; tprStqkH;xd jyifqif
zefwD;NyD; vufawGUvkyfaqmifap&ef 'DZdkif;a&;qGJxm;onfh
]oifwdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS
ckESpfckajrmufjzpfonf/
¤if;onf ]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief;rsm;
tm;vkH;twGuf acgif;pOfwpfckwnf;udkom
awmufavQmuftokH;jyKoGm;rnf qdkygu xda&mufrI&SdEdkif
ygonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;vkyfief;rsm;udk
vkyfaqmifaecsdefwGif ¤if;wdkYa&G;cs,fxm;aom ,cif
okawoe acgif;pOfrsm; odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;rsm;onf
vufawGUusrIr&Sdawmhjcif;? pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdjcif; odkYr[kwf
tokH;0ifrIr&Sdjcif;wdkYudk awGUjrifvmEdkifonf odkYr[kwf
tjcm;acgif;pOf odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;udk ydkrdkpdwf0ifpm;vmEdkif
ygonf/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoetwGuf vlOD;a&
ESifh ¤if;vlOD;a&twGif;ü xnfhoGif;tokH;jyKoGm;rnfh
oifhavsmfaom pHEIef;rsm;udk cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ¤if;wdkY\ vlOD;a&ESifh
oifhavsmfaom pHEIef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
rSwfcsuf/ / usyef;erlemaumuf,ljcif; enf;vrf;udk
aumif;pGmaqmif&Guf&ef cufcJygonf/ ,ckrSpwifrnfh
okawoDtopfrsm;twGuf pdppfa&G;cs,ferlem
aumuf,ljcif;? vG,fuloufom erlemaumuf,ljcif;ESifh
ESif;vkH;erlemaumuf,ljcif; enf;vrf;rsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\
okawoe pDrHudef;rsm;twGuf ydkNyD;oifhavsmfonfhykHpH
awGU&Edkifygonf/
okawoDtopfrsm;twGuf ta&;BuD;qkH;tcsufrSm
¤if;wdkY\ okawoewGif yg0ifajzMum;ay;olrsm;ESifh
tqdkygvlrsm;tm; od&Sd&SmazGcJhonfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk
&Sif;jy&mwGif wdusrI&Sd&efESifh ½dk;om;rI&Sd&efwdkYyJjzpfonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 72 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u xkwfjyefcsufrsm;onf
rSefuefaMumif; odkYr[kwf rSm;,Gif;aMumif;
qkH;jzwf&rnf/
• rSm;,Gif;aeygu rSefuefaom xkwfjyefcsufrsm;jzpfatmif
jyifqifa&;om;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ rSm;ygonf - usyef;erlem&&Sd&eftwGuf vlOD;a&wpf&yf
twGif;rS vlrsm;tm;vkH;onf a&G;cs,fcH&cGifh wlnDap&ef
bufvdkufrIr&SdbJ usyef;a&G;cs,f&ygrnf/
2/ rSefygonf/
3/ rSm;ygonf - usyef;erlemaumuf,ljcif; qdkonfrSm
yg0ifajzMum;rnfholrsm;udk a&G;cs,fcH&&ef tcGifhta&;
wlnDonfh vlOD;a&wpf&yfxHrS bufvdkufrIr&SdbJ
a&G;cs,fjcif; jzpfonf/
4/ rSm;ygonf - pdppfa&G;cs,f erlemaumuf,lenf;onf
vlOD;a&wpf&yftwGif;&Sd rwljcm;em;onfh tpktzGJUrsm;
tm;vkH;xHrS ajzMum;csufrsm;&&Sd&ef BudK;pm;ay;onf/
ESif;vkH;erlemaumuf,lenf;onf vlrsm;\
qufqHa&; tay:wGif rSDcdk&ygonf/ odkYrSomvQif
yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;u okawoevlOD;a&wGif
xnfhoGif;&ef twGuf pHEIef;ESifhudkufnDaom tjcm;
vlrsm;udk okawoDESifh rdwfqufay;Edkifygonf/
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pDonf
usyef;? pdppfa&G;cs,f? vG,fuloufom odkYr[kwf
ESif;vkH;erlemaumuf,lenf;rsm;\ Oyrmwpfck
[kwf^r[kwf qkH;jzwf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ pdppfa&G;cs,f erlemaumuf,lenf;
2/ usyef;erlemaumuf,lenf;
3/ ESif;vkH;erlemaumuf,lenf;
4/ vG,fuloufom erlemaumuf,lenf;
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 73 -
vkyfief;pOf - tajctaejy jzpf&yfrsm;udk cGJjcrf;pdppfyg
• ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfrsm;udk
zwf½I&rnf/
1/ jzpf&yfrsm;wGif rnfonfh erlemaumuf,ljcif;
trsdK;tpm;udk tokH;jyKxm;aMumif; cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
(u) pdppfa&G;cs,f erlemaumuf,lenf;
(c) ESif;vkH;erlemaumuf,lenf;
(*) usyef;erlemaumuf,lenf;
2/ okawoDu tajctaejyjzpf&yfxJwGif tokH;jyKcJhaom
erlemaumuf,lenf;udk tb,faMumifh tokH;jyKcJhaMumif;
ausmif;om;rsm;u cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
(u) okawoeonf ydkrdkus,fjyefYonfh vlOD;a&wpf&yfudk
udk,fpm;jyKEdkif&eftwGuf rwlnDonfh tpktzGJUrsm;
xHrS vlrsm;udk vlawGUar;jref;csifonfhtwGufaMumifh
jzpfonf/
(c) okawoDu v,form;rsm;udk tjcm;aom
yg0if ajzMum;rnfholrsm;ESifh rdwfqufay;&ef
vdktyfaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
v,f,majr tjiif;yGm;rI &ifqdkifaeolrsm; rnfol
rnf0g jzpfaMumif; v,form;rsm;u od&SdMuNyD;
v,form;rsm;\ rdwfqufay;jcif; ryg0ifbJ
&SmazG&ef cufcJonfhtwGufaMumifhjzpfonf/
(*) okawoDu erlema&G;cs,f&mwGif tdrfaxmifpkrsm;udk
bufvdkufrIr&SdbJ usyef;a&G;cs,fEdkif&eftwGuf
(Oyrm - ig;tdrfwpfpk tdrfaxmifpkwdkif;)
tdrfaxmifpk pm&if;udk vdktyfygonf/
3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tokH;jyKcJhaom erlemaumuf,lenf;
rsm;\ tm;omcsufESifh tm;enf;csufrsm;udk
cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
rSwfcsuf/ / tajctaejyjzpf&yfxJwGif
azmfjyxm;cJhaom erlemaumuf,lenf;udk tokH;jyKí
a&G;cs,fxm;onfh yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;xHrS &&SdEdkifaom
tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh r&&SdEdkifonfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk
pOf;pm;Munfh&ef wdkufwGef;tm;ay;yg/ tajctaejyjzpf&yf
(u) twGuf tajzrsm;udk ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh
twlvkyfaqmif&ef Oyrmwpfcktaejzifh oiftokH;jyKEdkif
ygonf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
(u) tm;omcsufwpfcsufrSm okawoDrsm;u
ajr,m y#dyu©ESifh ywfoufNyD; rwlnDonfh
tawGUtBuHKrsm;ESifh rwlnDonfh tpktzGJUrsm;tay:
oufa&mufrIrsm;udk avhvmoif,lEdkifygonf/
tm;enf;csuf wpfcsufrSm okawoDrsm;u
&yf&GmxJ&Sd vlwdkif;twGuf jyóem\oufa&mufrI
uGm[csufrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; wdusaoma'wmrsm;
r&&SdEdkifjcif;jzpfonf/
(c) þenf;vrf;\ tm;omcsufwpfcsufrSm okawoD
taejzifh a'wmrsm;udk ½dk;&Sif;vG,fulpGm aumuf,l
Edkifjcif;yifjzpfonf/ tm;enf;csufwpfcsufrSm
okawoD taejzifh &yf&GmtwGif;&Sd ydkrdkeuf½Idif;onfh
tajctaeudk wduspGm xif[yfEdkifpGrf; r&Sdjcif;
jzpfEdkifygonf/
(*) þenf;vrf;\ tm;omcsufwpfcsufrSm
vlOD;a& wpf&yfvkH;udk xif[yfrI&Sdonfh
owif;tcsuftvufrsm; &&Sdapjcif; jzpfEdkifygonf/
tm;enf;csuf wpfcsufrSm tcsdKUaom tdrfaxmifpkrsm;
taejzifh okawoewGif yg0ifajzMum;vdkonfh
qE´r&Sdjcif; jzpfonf/
jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf
• ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufudk zwf½Iyg/
• xdkYaemuf ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkyg/
tajzrsm;
1/ jrefrmEdkifiH tylydkif;a'o&Sd tdrfaxmifpkrsm;xJrS
tcsdKUu a&TUajymif;vkyfom;rsm; apvTwfMuNyD; tcsdKU
tdrfaxmifpkrsm;u apvTwfjcif; r&SdMuacs/
2/ vG,fuloufom erlemaumuf,lenf;ESifh pdppfa&G;cs,f
erlemaumuf,lenf;/ okawoeudk HelpAge International tzGJU vkyfudkifcJhzl;aom NrdKUe,frsm;wGif
aqmif&GufonfhtwGuf tqdkyg NrdKUe,frsm;&Sd
a'ocHrsm;udk od&SdNyD;om; odkYr[kwf qufoG,f&ef
vdyfpm &SdNyD;om; jzpfonfhtwGufaMumifh vG,fuloufom
erlem aumuf,lenf;udk tokH;jyK&jcif;jzpfonf/
okawoDrsm;u ppfwrf;rsm;udk EIdif;,SOfEdkifap&efESifh
a&G;cs,fxm;onfh tdrfaxmifpkrsm;onf pHEIef;ESifh
udkufnDrI &Sdap&eftwGuf ppfwrf;aumuf,lonfh
NrdKUe,frsm;udk pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;
tqifhESifh vlOD;a& t&G,ftpm;ay: tajccHNyD;
a&G;cs,fcJhonfhtwGuf pdppfa&G;cs,f erlem
aumuf,lenf;udk tokH;jyKygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 74 -
3/ a&TUajymif;vkyfom; tenf;qkH;wpfOD;&Sdonfh
tdrfaxmifpkrsm;ESifh a&TUajymif;vkyfom;r&Sdonfh
tdrfaxmifpkrsm;/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajz
4/ ESif;vkH;erlemaumuf,lenf;wGif okawoDtaejzifh
wpfOD;OD;u a&TUajymif;vkyfom;&Sdonfh tdrfaxmifpk
wpfckudk rdwfqufay;&ef vdktyfNyD; tqdkyg
tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;rS wpfqifh tjcm;aom a&TUajymif;
vkyfom; &Sdonfh tdrfaxmifpkrsm;udk xyfrHrdwfqufay;&ef
vdktyfygonf/ a&TUajymif;vkyfom;r&Sdonfh
tdrfaxmifpkrsm; udkvnf; xdkenf;vnf;aumif;
aqmif&Guf& ygonf/
usyef;erlemaumuf,lenf;wGif tdrfaxmifpkrsm;udk
ykHrSefa&G;cs,fonfhpepfjzifh a&G;cs,fjcif;yg0ifonf -
Oyrm - okawoejyKvkyfonfh NrdKUe,frS tdrfaxmifpk
pm&if; rSwfwrf;xJu 5 Budrfajrmuf odkYr[kwf 10
Budrfajrmuf tdrfaxmifpkwdkif;udk a&G;cs,fjcif;/
þenf;vrf;wGif awGU&Edkifaom jyóemwpfckrSm
tdrfaxmifpk pm&if; rSwfwrf;udk Munfh½Ijcif;tm;jzifh
¤if;tdrfaxmifpkrsm;onf a&TUajymif;vkyfom;&Sdaom
odkYr[kwf r&Sdaom tdrfaxmifpkrsm;jzpfaMumif;
okawoDrsm;u rod&SdEdkifjcif;yifjzpfonf/
oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - erlemaumuf,ljcif;
rSwfcsuf/ / þvkyfief;onf ausmif;om;rsm;udk
okawoe pDrHudef;wpfcktm; tprStqkH;xd jyifqif
zefwD;NyD; vufawGUvkyfaqmifap&ef 'DZdkif;a&;qGJxm;onfh
]oifwdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS
&Spfckajrmuf jzpfonf/
¤if;onf ]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief;rsm;
tm;vkH; twGuf acgif;pOfwpfckwnf;udkom awmufavQmuf
tokH;jyKoGm;rnf qdkygu xda&mufrI&SdEdkifygonf/ odkYaomf
ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;vkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfaqmifaecsdefwGif
¤if;wdkY a&G;cs,fxm;aom ,cifokawoe acgif;pOfrsm;
odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;rsm;onf vufawGUusrIr&Sdawmhjcif;?
pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdjcif; odkYr[kwf tokH;0ifrIr&Sdjcif;wdkYudk
awGUjrifvmEdkifonf odkYr[kwf tjcm;acgif;pOf odkYr[kwf
ar;cGef;udk ydkrdkpdwf0ifpm;vmEdkifygonf/
rSwfcsuf/ / ausmif;om;rsm;u erlemaumuf,ljcif;
enf;vrf;rsm;udk rqkH;jzwfrD ¤if;wdkY\ okawoewGif
rnfolrsm;^rnfonfh vlOD;a&rsm; yg0ifrnfjzpfaMumif;
yxrOD;pGm *½kwpdkuf pOf;pm;Mu&ef owday;yg/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;twGuf
rnfonfh erlemaumuf,lenf;onf toifhavsmfqkH;
jzpfaMumif;ESifh ¤if;erlemykHpHudk rnfodkY aumuf,loGm;rnf
jzpfaMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnf/
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\
okawoe pDrHudef;wGif erlemaumuf,lenf;rsm;udk
rnfodkY tokH;jyKoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; aqG;aEG;&rnf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajz
erlemaumuf,lenf;vrf;rsm;twGuf erlemaumuf,l&ef
vkyfaqmifp&mrsm;pGm&Sdygonf/ xda&mufrI&SdNyD; wdusaom
erlemaumuf,ljcif;onf tvGefcufcJNyD; jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd
okawoe tawmfrsm;rsm;twGuf jzpfEdkifajcr&Sday/ erlem
aumuf,l&ef twGuf tokH;jyKEdkifonfh vlrsm;? tdrfaxmifpk
rsm;? tzGJUtpnf;rsm; tp&Sdojzifh wdusaom erlemvlOD;a&
pm&if; vdktyfygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif wdusonfh pm&if;
rsm;pGm r&SdEdkifouJhodkY pm&if;rsm;udk &&Sd&efvnf; tvGef
cufcJEdkif ygonf/ tcsdKUa'orsm;wGif xda&mufrI&SdpGm erlem
aumuf,ljcif; aqmif&Guf&ef uefYowfcsufrsm; odkYr[kwf
y#dyu©rsm;aMumifh cufcJEdkifygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 75 -
4.4 oif\ppfwrf;
ar;cGef;vTmtm;
a&;om;jcif;ESifh
pDrHcefYcGJjcif;
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\
tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ - oifwdkY\ ppfwrf;ar;cGef;rsm;ESifh ar;cGef;vTmrsm;udk
'DZdkif;a&;qGJNyD; a&;om;yg/
- oifwdkY\ a'wmrsm;udk rnfonfhtcsdef?
rnfonfhae&m? rnfolYxHrS aumuf,lpkaqmif;
oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; zGJUpnf;pDpOfyg/
- a'wmrsm;udk vma&mufaumuf,lrnfjzpfaMumif;
a'ocHrsm;udk today;yg/
2/ - a'wmrsm; aysmufqkH;jcif;/
- usifh0wfqdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;/
- ½dkif;pdkif;onfhvlrsm;/
- okawoewGif yg0ifajzMum;rnfholrsm;udk &SmazG&ef
cufcJjcif;/
- ppfwrf;twGuf vlOD;a&ESifh erlemaumuf,ljcif;
pHEIef;wdkYjzifh udkufnDonfh vlrsm;udk &SmazG&ef
cufcJjcif;/
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u pmydk'fxJ&Sd nTefMum;csufrsm; (1-5)
udk tajctaersm; (u-i) wdkYjzifh wGJpyf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
(u) 5
(c) 3
(*) 4
(C) 1
(i) 2
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 76 -
vkyfief;pOf - pDrHcefYcGJjcif; rjyKvkyfrD
1/ wpfOD;csif;pDtvdkuf ausmif;om;rsm;u ppfwrf;ar;cGef;
wpfckcsif;pD\ jyóemrsm;udk cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
(u) trSm;rsm; - o'´gESifh pmvkH;aygif;owfykH
(c) wpfcsdefwnf;wGif ar;cGef;ESpfck ar;jref;jcif;
(*) wpforwfwnf;rjzpfjcif; (a&SUar;cGef;rsm;wGif
rwljcm;aom pum;vkH; okH;EIef;rIrsm;&Sdjcif;)
(C) OD;aqmifvrf;aMumif;ay;onfh ar;cGef;jzpfonf/
(i) &Sif;vif;rIr&Sdyg (rvdktyfbJESifh pum;vkH;rsm;udk
cufcJatmif a&;om;xm;onf)/
2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;udk jyefvnfa&;om;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
(u) vGefcJhaomwpfywfu wDAGDrSwpfqifh owif;rsm;
&&SdcJhygovm;/
(c) vGefcJhaomwpfywfu azhpfbGwfrSwpfqifh owif;
rsm; &&SdcJhygovm;/ vGefcJhaomwpfywfu owif;pmrS
wpfqifh owif;rsm; &&SdcJhygovm;/
(*) vGefcJhaomwpfywfu a&'D,dkrSwpfqifh owif;rsm;
&&SdcJhygovm;/
(C) owif;pmrsm;udk ,kHMunfygovm;/ tb,faMumifhenf;
odkYr[kwf tb,faMumifh r,kHMunf&oenf;/
(i) tjcm; rnfonfh owif;&if;jrpfrsm;udk od&Sdygoenf;/
3/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\
ar;cGef;rsm;udk rdrd\wGJzuftwGuf zwfjyjcif;ESifh wGJzuf\
ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkjcif;jzifh ¤if;wdkY\ ppfwrf;vTmrsm;udk
prf;oyf&rnf/ tqifrajyonfh ar;cGef;rsm; odkYr[kwf
ppfwrf;udk ajymif;vJrnfh rnfonfhenf;vrf;rsm;udkrqdk rSwfpk
a&;om;&rnf/
4/ ¤if;twGJrsm;u tjcm;twGJwpfwGJjzifh aygif;pnf;NyD;
tqifajy onfh ar;cGef;rsm; (odkY) tqifrajyonfh ar;cGef;rsm;
ESifh ppfwrf;vTmudk ajymif;vJrnfhykHpHrsm;udk EIdif;,SOfMu&rnf/
• qE&Sdygu wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh ar;cGef;rsm;twGuf
taumif;qkH; pum;vkH;okH;EIef;ykHudk aqG;aEG;NyD;qkH;jzwfyg/
oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - pDrHcefYcGJjcif;
rSwfcsuf/ / þvkyfief;onf ausmif;om;rsm;udk
okawoe pDrHudef;wpfcktm; tprStqkH;xd jyifqif
zefwD;NyD; vufawGUvkyfaqmifap&ef 'DZdkif;a&;qGJxm;onfh
]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS
udk;ckajrmufjzpfonf/
¤if;onf ]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief;rsm;
tm;vkH;twGuf acgif;pOfwpfckwnf;udkom awmufavQmuf
tokH;jyKoGm;rnf qdkygu xda&mufrI &SdEdkifygonf/ odkYaomf
ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;vkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfaqmifaecsdefwGif
¤if;wdkYa&G;cs,fxm;aom ,cifokawoe acgif;pOfrsm;
odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;rsm;onf vufawGUusrIr&Sdawmhjcif;?
pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdjcif; odkYr[kwf tokH;0ifrIr&Sdjcif;wdkYudk
awGUjrifvmEdkifonf odkYr[kwf tjcm;acgif;pOf odkYr[kwf
ar;cGef;udk ydkrdkpdwf0ifpm;vmEdkifygonf/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;twGuf
ppfwrf;wpfckudk tokH;jyKrnfqdkygu ¤if;ppfwrf;udk rnfodkY
pDrHcefYcGJoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnf/ (Oyrm - yg0if
ajzMum;rnfholrsm;udk rnfodkY qufoG,frnfenf;? odkYr[kwf
ppfwrf;aumuf,l&ef tcsdefESifh ae&mudk rnfodkY pDpOfoGm;
rnfenf;? ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif;udk rsufESmcsif;qdkif?
pmwdkufrSwpfqifh? tGefvdkif; odkYr[kwf vufudkifzkef;jzifh
vkyfaqmifoGm;rnfenf; tp&Sdojzifh)/
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ ppfwrf;
aumuf,lrIrsm;udk rnfodkY pDrHcefYcGJoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;
aqG;aEG;&rnf/
tydkaqmif;vkyfief; - oifwdkY\ ppfwrf;
ar;cGef;vTmrsm;udk avhusifhyg
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;ay:
tajccHí ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTmwpfckudk 'DZdkif;a&;qGJ&rnf/
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\
ppfwrf; ar;cGef;vTmrsm;udk prf;oyfar;jref;MunfhNyD;
rSwfpka&;om;&rnf/
3/ ¤if;wdkYu rSwfpkrsm;udk jyefvnfzwf½INyD; tqdkyg
ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTmrsm;udk ydkrdkwdk;wufvmaprnfh
enf;vrf;rsm;udk pOf;pm;&rnf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
rsufESmcsif;qdkif
tm;omcsuf - r&Sif;onfhtcsufrsm;udk &Sif;vif;atmif
ar;jref;Edkifonf/
tm;enf;csuf - aiGukefaMu;usrsm;onf/
tGefvdkif;
tm;omcsuf - aiGukefaMu;us rrsm;acs/
tm;enf;csuf - vlwdkif; pmrzwfEdkifyg odkYr[kwf vlwdkif;
uGefysLwm tokH;rjyKEdkifyg/
pmwdkufrSwpfqifh
tm;omcsuf - aiGukefaMu;usrrsm;acs/
tm;enf;csuf - pmwdkufrS ay;ydkYjcif;pepfonf
wpfcgwpf&HwGif ,kHMunftm;udk;í r&acs/
zkef;rSwpfqifh
tm;omcsuf - vlrsm;ESifh pum;ajym&eftwGuf c&D;oGm;&ef
rvdktyfay/
tm;enf;csuf - wpfpkHwpf&mudk &Sif;vif;atmif
od&Sd&ef/ ar;jref;&ef cufcJEdkifygonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif
zkef;qufoG,fa&;vdkif; raumif;yg/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 78 -
5.1 vlawGUar;jref;jcif;wpfck
qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;
tBudKavhvmcsuf
1/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ]oifESifh
oif\ ,Ofaus;rI} av;axmifhuGufxJ&Sd ar;cGef;rsm;udk
tokH;jyKí ,Ofaus;rItaMumif; wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;
tjyeftvSef vlawGUar;jref;&rnf/
2/ xdkYaemuf ar;cGef;rsm; (u-*) udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
rSwfcsuf/ / aqG;aEG;&rnfh ar;cGef;rsm;udk rpwifrD
]oifESifh oif\,Ofaus;rI} ar;cGef;rsm;udk tjyeftvSef
ar;jref;Edkif&ef ausmif;om;rsm;udk tcsdef 20-30 rdepfcefY
cGifhjyKyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
(u) ¤if;wdkYonf tzGifhar;cGef;rsm;jzpfonf/
- ¤if;ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&mwGif ar;cGef;vTmxJ&Sd
tydwfar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkjcif;xuf tcsdefydk
Mumjrifhygonf/
vkyfief;pOf - vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;\ tm;omcsufESifh
tm;enf;csufrsm;
1/ wpfOD;csif;pD odkYr[kwf ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh
xkwfjyefcsuf wpfcsufcsif;pDonf vlawGUar;jref;jcif;\
tm;omcsuf odkYr[kwf tm;enf;csufjzpfaMumif;
odkYr[kwf ESpfrsdK;pvkH;jzpfaMumif; ausmif;om;rsm;u
qkH;jzwf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
(u) tm;omcsuf
(c) tm;enf;csuf
(*) tm;omcsuf
(C) ESpfckpvkH;
(i) tm;omcsuf
(p) tm;omcsuf
(q) tm;enf;csuf
(Z) ESpfckpvkH;
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u vlawGUar;jref;jcif;\ tjcm;aom
tm;omcsufESifh tm;enf;csufrsm;udk pm&if;jyKpk&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
- vlawGUar;jref;pOftwGif; ajzMum;csufrsm;udk
&Sif;vif;atmif xyfrHar;jref;Edkifonf
(tm;omcsuf)/
- tcsdKUvlrsm;taejzifh xd&SvG,ftaMumif;t&mrsm;udk
vlpdrf;wpfOD;ESifhtwl aqG;aEG;&eftwGuf
pdwfoufawmifhoufom &Sdrnfr[kwfay
(tm;enf;csuf)/
- vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;udk rsufESmcsif;qdkif (odkY)
zkef;rSwpfqifh aqmif&GufEdkifonf (ESpfckpvkH;)/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 79 -
jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf
• ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufudk zwf½I&rnf/
• xdkYaemuf ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&rnf/
tajz
1/ ppfwrf;onf yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;\ yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m
tcsuftvufrsm; (Oyrm - touf? usm;^r? 0ifaiGESifh
aq;&GufBuD; tokH;jyKjcif;) ESifh aq;&GufBuD;okH;pGJjcif;\
oufa&mufrIrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; od&Sdxm;onfh
tcsufrsm;udk ar;jref;onf/ vlawGUar;jref;jcif;onf
aq;&GufBuD; okH;pGJjcif;ESifh okH;pGJjcif;\ oufa&mufrI
wdkYESifh ywfoufNyD; yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;\ todtjrifrsm;
(¤if;wdkY\ tawG;tjrif? pdwful;ESifh tjrifrsm;) udk
ar;jref;ygonf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
2/ vlawGUar;jref;jcif;jzifh vlrsm; aq;vdyfaomufokH;jcif;ESifh
aq;vdyfaomufokH;jcif;\ oufa&mufrIwdkYESifh
ywfoufonfh tao;pdwf tcsuftvufrsm;udk
ar;jref;&&SdEdkifygonf/
3/ yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;taejzifh aq;&GufBuD;okH;pGJrIaMumifh
¤if;wdkYrdom;pktay: tysufoabmaqmifonfh
oufa&mufrIrsm;taMumif; ajymqdk&mwGif
pdwfvufayghyg;rIr&SdbJ jzpfEdkifonf/
4/ - oifaq;&GufBuD;okH;pGJaejcif;ESifh ywfoufí
rdom;pku rnfodkY xifjrif,lqxm;oenf;/
- aq;&GufBuD;twGuf aiGaMu;rokH;pGJjzpfvQif tjcm;
rnfonfht&mrsm;twGuf tokH;jyKjzpfrnfenf;/
- oif aq;vdyfaomufjcif;aMumifh oif\rdom;pk
tay:wGif rnfodkY oufa&mufrI&Sdonf[k ,kHMunf
vufcHxm;ygoenf;/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ - yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m odkYr[kwf xd&SvG,facgif;pOfrsm;
qdkif&m tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;
vdktyfonfhtcg/
- vltrsm; wpfpkHwpf&mudk tb,faMumifh (odkY) rnfodkY
vkyfaqmifMuaMumif; (odkY) pOf;pm;MuaMumif; ydkrdk
od&Sdvdkonfhtcg
- vltrsm;\ tawG;tjrifrsm;? todtjrifrsm;
odkYr[kwf ,kHMunfcsufrsm;taMumif; ydkrdk
od&Sdvdkonfhtcg
2/ ¤if;tajctaetm;vkH;wGif ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif;udk
tokH;rjyKEdkifyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf vltrsm;ESifh
tcsdeftawmfMum pum;ajymqdk&ef tao;pdwf
tcsuftvufrsm;&,l&ef vdktyfonfhtwGufaMumifh
jzpfonf/ rwlnDonfh tajzrsm;pGm &SdEdkifonfhtwGuf
ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTmjzifh ar;jref;vQif ar;cGef;rsm;
tvGefrsm;jym; &Snfvsm;Edkifygonf/
3/ - tcsdefwdktwGif; vlrsm;pGmxHrS tcsuftvufrsm;
vdktyfonfhtcg/
- vlawGUar;jref;cH&rnfhol (rsm;) \ ae&ma'oodkY
oGm;vm&ef tcuftcJ&Sdonfhtcg/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 80 -
5.2 vlawGUar;jref;jcif;
zGJUpnf;ykH
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ausmif;om;rsm;u "mwfykHrsm;udk Munfh½INyD;
ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
• ausmif;om;rsm;\ tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif
a&;csyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
- ae&moGifjyif - vufzuf&nfqdkifwpfqdkifwGif?
½kH;cef;wpfcef;wGif Murf;jyifay:wGif xdkifjcif;/
- vlOD;a& ta&twGuf/
- "mwfykHwpfckwGif wpfpkHwpfa,mufu vlawGU
ar;jref;aepOfwGif ajymonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk
a&;csaeygonf/ tjcm;"mwfykHrsm;wGif vlrsm;u
em;axmifaeonf/
- "mwfykHwpfykHwGif wpfpkHwpfa,mufu uGefysLwmwGif
wpfpkHwpf&mudk vlrsm;tm; jyoaeonf/ tjcm;
"mwfykHrsm;wGif vlrsm;u uGefysLwmudkMunfhí
wpfpkHwpf&mudk zwf½IaeMuonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 81 -
vkyfief;pOf - okawoe pDrHudef;rsm;wGif
aqmif&Gufaom vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoe pDrHudef;rsm;wGif
tokH;jyKaom vlawGUar;jref;jcif; Oyrmrsm;udk
zwf½I&rnf/
1/ vlawGUar;jref;jcif;wpfckpDonf jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom?
jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;rI r&Sdaom odkYr[kwf wpf0ufomvQif
jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom ar;jref;rIrsm; [kwf^r[kwf
qkH;jzwf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
(u) jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom vlawGUar;jref;jcif;
(c) wpf0ufomvQif jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom
vlawGUar;jref;jcif;
(*) jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;jcif;r&Sdaom vlawGUar;jref;jcif;
2/ Oyrmwpfckcsif;pDonf ay;xm;aom tajctaetwGuf
rSefuefaom enf;vrf;rsm;udk tokH;jyKrI &Sd^r&Sd
ausmif;om;rsm;u qkH;jzwf&rnf/
• qufpyfrI&Sdygu ydkrdkwdk;wufvmrnfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk
tBuHay;Edkifygonf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
(u) rSefuefaom enf;vrf;r[kwfEdkifyg/ jyifqifzGJUpnf;
xm;aom vlawGUar;jref;jcif;wpfckonf
txl;ojzifh yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;pGm &SdonfhtcgwGif
ar;cGef;rsm; ar;jref;&efESifh a'wmrsm;udk
odrf;qnf;&ef vG,fulEdkifygonf/ odkYaomf jyifqif
zGJUpnf;rIenf;aom vlawGUar;jref;jcif;onf
uav;vkyfom;rsm; tawGUtBuHKrsm;ESifh
aemufcH taMumif;&if;rsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD;
pdwf0ifpm;zG,f tajzrsm;udk &&SdEdkifygonf/
xdkYaMumifh vlawGUar;jref;rIonf wpf0ufomvQif
jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom vlawGUar;jref;rIudk
tokH;jyKvQif ydkaumif;Edkifygonf/
(c) rSefuefaom enf;vrf;jzpfygonf/ wpf0ufomvQif
jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;onf
t"duar;cGef;xJu tcsuftvufrsm;udk &&Sdaeonfh
wpfNydKifeufwnf;wGif ajzMum;rnfholrsm;u
aocsmpGm od&Sdxm;onfh tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh
aemufqufwGJ ar;cGef;rsm;udk ar;jref;jcif;jzifh
tcsuftvufrsm; ydkrdk&&Sdapygonf/
(*) rSefuefaomenf;vrf; jzpfygonf/
jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;jcif; r&Sdaom vlawGUar;jref;rI
tokH;jyKjcif;\ tm;omcsufwpfcsufrSm
okawoe acgif;pOfESifh ywfoufNyD; okawoDu
ajzMum;rnfholESifh tao;pdwf aqG;aEG;
ar;jref;Edkifjcif; jzpfonf (þOyrmxJwGif
azhpfbGwfrSwpfqifh ar;jref;cJhonf)/ xdkYtwl
ajzMum;rnfholu ta&;BuD;onf[k ,lqxm;onfh
taMumif;t&mrsm;udk t"duxm; ajzMum;EdkifNyD;
okawoDu ¤if;taMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh ywfoufí
ar;cGef;rsm; xyfrHar;jref;Edkifygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 82 -
vkyfief;pOf - vlawGUar;jref;jcif;
o½kyfazmfwifqufrIrsm;
1/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u jyifqifzGJUpnf;
xm;aom vlawGUar;jref;jcif; vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;udk
tokH;jyKí wpfa,mufwpfvSnfhpD tjyeftvSef
vlawGUar;jref;jcif; jyKvkyf&rnf/ vlawGUar;jref;olu
ar;cGef;rsm; ar;jref;NyD; rSwfpka&;om;í ar;jref;cH&olu
ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzMum;&rnf/
• Zmwfaumifae&majymif;í xyfrHaqmif&Guf&rnf/
2/ tjcm;wGJzuftopfwpfOD;tm; &SmazGí wpf0ufomvQif
jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom vlawGUar;jref;jcif; vkyfxkH;
vkyfenf;rsm;udk tokH;jyKí tjyeftvSef ar;jref;&rnf/
• Zmwfaumifae&majymif;í xyfrHvkyfaqmifyg/
3/ tjcm;wGJzuftopfwpfOD;udk xyfrH&SmazGí jyifqif
zGJUpnf;xm;jcif; r&Sdaom vlawGUar;jref;jcif; vkyfxkH;
vkyfenf;rsm;udk tokH;jyKí tjyeftvSefar;jref;&rnf/
• Zmwfaumifae&majymif;í xyfrHaqmif&Guf&rnf/
4/ tzGJUi,frsm; odkYr[kwf wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ rSwfpkrsm;udk jyefvnf
zwf½Ií ar;cGef;rsm; (u-C) udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 84 -
vkyfief;pOf - jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom^ jyifqif
zGJUpnf;rxm;aom vlawGUar;jref;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;
• wpfOD;csif;pD odkYrwkwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoe tajctaejyjzpf&yf
wpfckcsif;pD twGuf jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom
vlawGUar;jref;jcif;ESifh jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;jcif; r&Sdaom
vlawGUar;jref;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;udk a&;om;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom
- tmvl;pdkufysdK;ygovm;/
- ajr,mydkifqdkifrI taxmuftxm;vufrSwf
&Sdygovm;/
- obm0ajrMoZm pdkufcif;rsm;taMumif; odygovm;/
jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;jcif;r&Sdaom
- pdkufysdK;a&;rSwpfqifh aiG&Sm&ef rnfonfh
enf;vrf;rsm;onf taumif;qkH;[k xifygoenf;/
- tmvl;rsm;udk tb,faMumifh pdkufysdK;&oenf;/
- v,form;rsm;udk tpdk;&u rnfodkY yHhydk;rIay;Edkifyg
oenf;/
2/ jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom
- ausmif;wGif uGefysLwm tokH;jyKygovm;/
- 1 (ta&;ygrItenf;qkH;) rS 5 (ta&;ygrItrsm;qkH;)
EIef;xm;t& uGefysLwm uRrf;usifrIonf rnfrQ
ta&;BuD;yg oenf;/
- twef;csdeftwGif; oifhzkef;udk tBudrfrnfrQ
ppfaq;Munfhyg oenf;/
- enf;ynmonf oif,lavhvma&;twGuf
aumif;ygovm; odkYr[kwf qdk;&Gm;rIjzpfapygovm;/
jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;jcif;r&Sdaom
- pmoifcef;twGif; enf;ynm\ oufa&mufrIrsm;rSm
tb,fenf;[k xifoenf;/
- ausmif;wGif enf;ynmudk rnfodkY tokH;jyKygoenf;/
- vlrIrD'D,mESifh pmoifausmif;wdkYtMum;
qufET,frIrSm tb,fenf;/
3/ jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom
- jrefrmtvkyform;Oya'qdkif&m taMumif;t&mrsm;udk
od&Sdygovm;/
- jrefrmEdkifiHwGif or*¾wpfck wnfaxmifcGifhudk
Oya'jzifh umuG,fay;xm;ygovm;/
jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;jcif;r&Sdaom
- jrefrmEdkifiHwGif tvkyform;rsm;twGuf rnfonfh
Oya'rsm; &Sdoifhonf[k xifygoenf;/
- jrefrmEdkifiHrS tvkyform;rsm;udk rnfonfh
Oya'rsm;u umuG,fay;ygoenf;/
tydkaqmif;vkyfief; - twef;vdkufar;cGef;
pm&if;rsm;
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;udk tajctaejyjzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pD
twGuf tzGJUokH;zGJUcGJzGJUyg/ tzGJUwpfzGJUpDu ¤if;wdkY\
tajctaejyjzpf&yftwGuf jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom
ar;cGef;rsm;ESifh jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;jcif;r&Sdaom
ar;cGef;rsm;udk pm&GufcsyfBuD;ay:wGif pm&if;jyKpk
&rnf/
2/ tzGJUrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ pm&Gufrsm;udk tjcm;tzGJUxHodkY
vTJay;&rnf/ tzGJUrsm;u tqdkyg tajctaejyjzpf&yf
twGuf jyifqifzGJUxm;aom ar;cGef;rsm;ESifh jyifqif
zGJUpnf;xm;jcif; r&Sdaom ar;cGef;rsm;udk xyfrHa&;om;
pm&if;jyKpk&rnf/
3/ tzGJUrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ pm&GufcsyfBuD;rsm;udk aemufqkH;
wpfBudrf vufqifhurf;ay;NyD; ar;cGef;pm&if;xJwGif
xyfrHa&;xnfh&rnf/
4/ tajctaejyjzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pDtwGuf twef;vdkuf
pkaygif;a&;om;xm;aom ar;cGef;rsm; pm&if;pm&Gufudk
eH&Hay:wGifuyfyg/
5/ ¤if;ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; rSm;aeonfh
ar;cGef;rsm;udk rSefuefatmif jyifqifjznfhpGufyg/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 85 -
5.3 vlawGUar;jref;jcif;
vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\
tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ - udk,fhudk,fudk,f rdwfqufyg/
- okawoetaMumif;udk rdwfqufajymMum;ay;yg/
- jznf;nif;pGmESifh &Sif;vif;pGmajymqdkyg/ ,Ofaus;pGm
ajymqdkqufqHyg/
- vlawGUar;jref;pOftwGif; jzpfay:vmEdkifonfh
pdk;&drfrIrsm; odkYr[kwf ½IyfaxG;rIrsm;udk BudKwifcefYrSef;
Edkif&ef BudK;pm;yg/
- tcsdef,lyg/
- rSwfpka&;om;yg/
2/ - ar;cGef;rsm;udk rSm;,Gif;pGm ar;jref;rdEdkifygonf/
- rSwfpka&;om;&ef arhavsmhEdkifygonf/
- vlawGUar;jref;&ef oGm;vm&mwGif
vrf;aysmufEdkifygonf/
- a'wmaumuf,l&eftwGuf rjzpfvmEdkifawmhonfh
wpfpkHwpf&mudk jyKvkyfrdEdkifygonf (Oyrm -
aemufusrSa&mufjcif; odkYr[kwf ½dkif;pdkif;onfh
tjyKtrlwpfpkHwpf&mudk vkyfrdjcif;)
avhusifhcef;
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm; (i-x) udk vlawGU
ar;jref;jcif; tpdwftydkif;rsm; (u-*) wdkYjzifh wGJpyf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
i. (c)
ii. (u)
iii. (*)
iv. (u)
v. (c)
vi. (c)
vii. (*)
viii. (c)
ix. (c)
x. (u)
2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk rSefuefaom tpOfrsm;
tvdkuf a&G;cs,fpD&rnf/
rSwfcsuf/ / tcsdKUar;cGef;rsm;twGuf wdusaom
tpOfvdkufpDí r&Edkifyg/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;rsm;u
vlawGUar;jref;jcif;\ rnfonfhtpdwftydkif;rsm;udk
,kwådusonfh tpOfrsm;tvdkuf pDxm;jcif; &Sd^r&Sd
ppfaq;yg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajz
ii, x, iv, v, ix, vi, i, viii, iii, vii
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 86 -
jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf
• ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufudk zwf½I&rnf/
• xdkYaemuf ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ vifa,mufsm;ESifh tjcm;trsdK;om;rsm;\ tMurf;zufrIESifh
ESdyfpufrIrsm;udk cHpm;&onfh trsdK;orD;rsm;\
tawGUtBuHKrsm; jzpfygonf/
2/ - vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;udk wpf0ufomvQif
jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;ygonf/
- okawoDwdkYu xd&SvG,frItenf;qkH; ar;cGef;rsm;jzifh
pwifNyD; xd&SvG,ftjzpfqkH; ar;cGef;rsm;udk
aemufqkH;rS ar;jref;oifhygonf/
jzpfEkdifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
3/ xdkodkY oifMum;ay;onfhtcgwGif okawoDrsm;u
xd&SvG,fudk a&Smif&Sm;NyD; av;pm;rI&Sdaom enf;vrf;jzifh
ar;cGef;rsm;udk ar;jref;Edkifygvdrfhrnf/
4/ ¤if;wdkYtaejzifh okawoetaMumif;udk *½kwpdkufESifh
,Ofaus;pGm &Sif;jyEdkifonf yg0ifajzMum;rnfhvlrsm;u
vQdKU0Sufxm;jcif;ESifh ywfoufonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk
od&Sdap&ef ar;cGef;rsm;tm;vkH;udk ajzMum;p&m
rvdktyfaMumif;ESifh vlawGUar;jref;jcif;udk tcsdefra&G;
&yfwefYEdkifaMumif; od&Sdatmif aqmif&GufEdkifygonf/
5/ ¤if;wdkYtaejzifh ajzMum;ay;olrsm;udk aus;Zl;wifaMumif;
ESifh ajzMum;olrsm;u ¤if;wdkYajymonfhtcsufrsm;udk
okawoewGif ryg0ifapvdkygu okawoDxHodkY
qufoG,fEdkifaMumif; ajymjyEdkifygonf/ vQdKU0Sufxm;jcif;
ESifh ywfoufonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk jyefvnf
owday; Edkifonf/ xdkYtjyif tMurf;zufrIcH&olrsm;
twGuf ulnDyHhydk;rIay;onfh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\
qufoG,f&ef vdyfpmrsm;udk trsdK;orD;rsm;tm;
ajymjyay;Edkifygonf/
6/ vifa,mufsm;ESifh tjcm;trsdK;om;rsm;\ tMurf;zufrIudk
awGUBuHKcHpm;&aom &efukefNrdKUESifh armfvNrdKifNrdKUrS
trsdK;orD;rsm; twGuf yHhydk;ulnDay;&ef pDrHudef;
wpfck pwifwnfaxmifjcif;/ usm;^r tajcjyK
tMurf;zufrIrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; aemufxyfaqmif&Guf
oGm;rnfh okawoersm;twGuf vrf;aMumif;ay;jcif;/
þjyóemudk tom;ay;azmfjy&eftwGuf
pnf;½kH;vIHYaqmfrIrsm; aqmif&Gufjcif;/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 87 -
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ - ¤if;ar;cGef;rsm;onf ajzMum;olrsm;tay:
pdwfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufepfemrIrsm;rsm;
jzpfyGm;apEdkifygonf/
- okawoeonf wdusrIr&Sdaom
owif;tcsuftvufrsm; &&Sdvmygu
tysufoabmaqmifaom oufa&mufrIrsm;
jzpfapEdkifonfh pDrHudef;rsm; odkYr[kwf
rl0g'rsm;tay: vTrf;rdk;rI&SdEdkifygonf/
2/ - pwifawGUqkHonfhtcsdefwGif xd&SvG,facgif;pOfrsm;udk
aqG;aEG;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;ESifh ¤if;wdkYtaejzifh
ar;cGef;tm;vkH;udk ajzMum;&ef rvdktyfaMumif;
yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;udk today;Edkifygonf/
- vlawGUar;jref;jcif; NyD;qkH;cgeD;tcsdefwGif
yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;u qdk;&Gm;onfhtajctaewGif
&Sdaeygu ¤if;wdkYudk yHhydk;ulnDay;Edkifonfh
tcsuftvufrsm;udk ajymjyay;Edkifygonf/
vkyfief;pOf - vlawGUar;jref;jcif;wpfcktm;
o½kyfazmfwifqufyg
1/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh vlawGUar;jref;jcif; vkyfxkH;
vkyfenf;rsm;udk tokH;jyKí wpfOD;u tjcm;wGJzufudk
vlawGUar;jref;&rnf/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u usef&Sdonfh vlawGUar;jref;jcif;
vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;udk zwf½Ijcif;jzifh ]okawoe\
&nf&G,fcsuf} udk aumufcsufcsEdkifoifhygonf/ Oyrm -
tpm;tpm ab;uif;vkHNcHKa&;ESifh tpm;tpmrSwpfqifh
zsm;emrIqdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;\ todtjrifrsm;/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u acwå&yfwefYjcif;? pdwf0ifpm;rIjyjcif;
odkYr[kwf tjcm;vlu yxrtBudrfwGif em;rvnfygu
xyfrHajymqdkjyjcif;uJhodkYaom vlawGUar;jref;jcif;
uRrf;usifrIrsm;ESifh tjyKtrlrsm;udk tokH;csjcif; &Sd^r&Sd
ppfaq;yg/
2/ Zmwfaumifajymif;vJí vlawGUar;jref;jcif;udk
aemufwpfBudrf xyfrHvkyfaqmif&rnf/
3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u rnfonfhar;cGef;rsm;onf ar;jref;&ef
vG,fulNyD; rnfonfhar;cGef;rsm;onf cufcJaMumif;ESifh
xdkodkYjzpf&onfh taMumif;&if;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 88 -
oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;
rSwfcsuf/ / þvkyfief;onf ausmif;om;rsm;udk
okawoe pDrHudef;wpfcktm; tprStqkH;xd jyifqif
zefwD;NyD; vufawGUvkyfaqmifap&ef 'DZdkif;a&;qGJxm;onfh
]oifwdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS 10
ckajrmuf jzpfonf/
¤if;onf ]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief;rsm;
tm;vkH;twGuf acgif;pOfwpfckwnf;udkom
awmufavQmuf tokH;jyKoGm;rnf qdkygu xda&mufrI&SdEdkif
ygonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;vkyfief;rsm;udk
vkyfaqmifaecsdefwGif ¤if;wdkYa&G;cs,fxm;aom ,cif
okawoe acgif;pOfrsm; odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;rsm;onf
vufawGUusrIr&Sdawmhjcif;? pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdjcif;
odkYr[kwf tokH;0ifrIr&Sdjcif;wdkYudk awGUjrifvmEdkifonf
odkYr[kwf tjcm;acgif;pOf odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;udk ydkrdk
pdwf0ifpm;vmEdkifygonf/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;wGif
vlawGUar;jref;jcif;udk rnfodkY tokH;jyKEdkifaMumif;ESifh
tokH;jyK&ef oifhavsmfrI &Sd^r&Sd qkH;jzwf&rnf/
2/ jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom wpf0ufomvQif jyifqif
zGJUpnf;xm;aom (odkY) jyifqifzGJUxm;jcif;r&Sdaom
vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;xJrS rnfonfhtrsdK;tpm;udk
tokH;jyKoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;ESifh tb,faMumifh
¤if;trsdK;tpm;udk tokH;jyK&aMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnf/
3/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u vlawGU
ar;jref;jcif;rsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;ESifh
rnfodkY qufET,frI&SdaMumif; aqG;aEG;&rnf/
tydkaqmif;vkyfief; - oifwdkY\ vlawGU
ar;jref;jcif;udk avhusifhyg/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;wGif
xnfhoGif;tokH;jyKoGm;Edkifonfh vlawGUar;jref;jcif;
ar;cGef;Oyrmrsm;udk a&;om;&rnf/
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\
ar;cGef;rsm;udk rSwfpka&;om;í ar;jref;ajzqdkMu
&rnf/
3/ ¤if;wdkY\ rSwfpkrsm;udk jyefvnfzwf½INyD; tqdkyg
ar;cGef;rsm;udk ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmapEdkifonfh
enf;vrf;rsm;udk pOf;pm;&rnf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 90 -
6.1 OD;wnftkyfpkrsm;udk
tb,faMumifh
tokH;jyK&oenf;
rSwfcsuf/ / okawoDrsm;u tpktzGJUtajctaersdK;wGif
vlrsm; wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; tjyeftvSefqufqHykH?
okawoe acgif;pOfESifh ywfoufNyD; vlrsm;wGif&Sdonfh
uGJjym;jcm;em;aom ½Iaxmifhrsm;ESifh^(odkY)
bkHwlnDaeaom ½Iaxmifhrsm;udk avhvmoif,l&eftwGuf
OD;wnftkyfpkrsm;udk tokH;jyKygonf/ vlrsm;u tjcm;vl
wpfOD; &SdaeonfhtcsdefwGif jyKrlonfhykHpHonf okawoD
twGuf pdwf0ifpm;zG,fwpfpkHwpf&mudk azmfjyay;ygonf/
Oyrm - okawoDu tpktzGJUwpfzGJUxJrS
yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;tm; rnfodkY cHpm;&ygoenf;[k
ar;jref;ygu aysmfygonf[k ajzqdkMurnfomjzpfonf/
tu,fí okawoDu þar;cGef;udk vlawGUar;jref;&mwGif
ar;jref;rnfqdkygu tcsdKUvlrsm;u pdwftaESmifht,Suf
jzpf&Mumif; odkYr[kwf raysmf&TifaMumif; ajzMum;Edkif
ygonf/ okawoDu yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;onf
¤if;wdkY\ taygif;tazmfrsm;xHrS wpfpkHwpf&mudk
zkH;uG,fxm;onf[k aumufcsufcsEdkifygonf/
OD;wnftkyfpkrsm;onf pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;ygonf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf okawoDrsm;u yg0if
ajzMum;olrsm; ajymonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh
tjcm;vlrsm; &SdaeonfhtcgwGif ajymqdkonfhykHpHrsm;udk
cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;jzifh taMumif;t&mtopfrsm;udk avhvm
oif,lEdkifaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
tBudKavhvmcsuf
1/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk
aqG;aEG;&rnf/
2/ ¤if;wdkYu tjcm;twGJwpfwGJjzifh aygif;pnf;NyD;
ar;cGef;rsm;udk tzGJUi,frsm;tjzpf aqG;aEG;&rnf/
3/ xdkYaemuf ar;cGef;rsm;udk wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh
aqG;aEG;&rnf/
4/ wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh ar;cGef;rsm; (u-*) udk
aqG;aEG;&rnf/
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u xkwfjyefcsufrsm;onf
rSefuefaMumif;^rSm;,Gif;aMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnf/
• rSm;,Gif;aeygu rSefuefaom xkwfjyefcsufrsm;tjzpf
ajymif;vJa&;om;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ rSm;ygonf - OD;wnftkyfpkwpfpkonf vlawGUar;jref;jcif;
wpfckESifh rwljcm;em;onfh a'wmrsm;udk &&Sdapygonf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf tzGJUvdkufaqG;aEG;jcif;rS
tcsuftvufrsm;udk &&SdapNyD; tzGJUtwGif;ü vlrsm;
tjyeftvSef qufqHonfhykHpHudkvnf; azmfjyonfhtwGuf
jzpfonf/
2/ rSefygonf/
3/ rSm;ygonf - vlawGUar;jref;jcif;wpfckwGif vlwpfOD;om
yg0ifNyD; OD;wnftkyfpkwpfpkwGif yg0ifajzMum;ol 4 OD;rS
10 OD;txd ykHrSeftm;jzifh yg0ifygonf/
4/ rSefygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 91 -
vkyfief;pOf - tm;omcsuf odkYr[kwf tm;enf;csufrsm;
jzpfMuygovm;
1/ wpfOD;csif;pD odkYr[kwf ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ odkYr[kwf
tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u rSwfcsufrsm;udk
zwf½INyD; pum;ajymolonf OD;wnftkyfpk\ tm;omcsuf
odkYr[kwf tm;enf;csufwdkYudk azmfjyaeaMumif; odkYr[kwf
ESpfckpvkH;udk ajymqdkaejcif;jzpfaMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
(u) tm;omcsuf
(c) tm;enf;csuf
(*) ESpfckpvkH;
(C) tm;enf;csuf
(i) ESpfckpvkH;
(p) ESpfckpvkH;
(q) tm;enf;csuf
2/ tzGJUrsm;u OD;wnftkyfpkrsm;\ tm;enf;csufESifh
tm;omcsufrsm;udk pm&if;jyKpk&rnf/
• wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh oifykef;ay:wGif pm&if;jyKpk&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
tm;omcsufrsm; - OD;wnftkyfpkrsm; vlrsm;onfhtcgwGif
vkyfaqmifEdkifonf/ vlawGUar;jref;jcif;xuf ydkrdk
wdkawmif;aom tcsdeftwGif;ü owif;tcsuftvuf
rsm;pGmudk &&SdEdkifygonf/
tm;enf;csuf - vlwpfOD;u OD;wnftkyfpk
aqG;aEG;0dkif;wGif pdk;rdk;NyD; ajymqdkaeEdkifygonf/ tcsdKU
vlrsm;u &yf&GmtwGif; ¤if;wdkYxuf &mxl;ydkjrifhaom
tmPmBuD;aomol wpfOD;OD;&Sdaejcif;aMumifh vlrsm;
a&SUwGif tawG;tjrifrsm;udk yGifhvif;pGm xkwfazmf
ajymqdkvdkpdwf r&Sdjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/
ESpfckpvkH; - tcsdKUvlrsm;taejzifh OD;wnftkyfpk
aqG;aEG;0dkif;rsm; twGif; tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;&SdEdkifonf/
wpfcgwpf&HwGif tcsdKUvlrsm;u OD;wnftkyfpk
aqG;aEG;0dkif; twGif; acgif;pOfwpfckESifh ywfoufNyD;
pum;&nfvk&jcif;udk BudKufESpfoufMuonf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
2/ wpfOD; (odkY) wpfOD;xufydkaom ulnDyHhydk;olrsm;?
rSwfpk a&;om;olwpfOD;ESifh tcsdefapmifhMunfholwpfOD;
yg0ifEdkifonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 92 -
6.2 OD;wnftkyfpkwpfpk
zGJUpnf;pDpOfjcif;
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\
tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ - qufET,frI&Sdonfh yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;udk &SmazGjcif;
- yg0ifajzMum;rnfholrsm;udk qufoG,fjcif;
- OD;wnftkyfpkaqG;aEG;0dkif;twGuf tcsdefESifh ae&m
pDpOfjcif;
- yg0ifajzMum;rnfhol rnfrQ xnfhoGif;ar;jref;
oGm;rnf jzpfaMumif; qkH;jzwfjcif;
- rkefYESifh tcsdK&nfrsm;pDpOfjcif;
- yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;tMum; aqG;aEG;&efESifh
tBuHÓPfrsm; ajymMum;&ef wdkufwGef;jcif;
2/ - tzGifh ar;cGef;rsm;
- yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;udk pOf;pm;aponfh ar;cGef;rsm;
- pdwf0ifpm;zG,f ar;cGef;rsm;
- yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;ESifh qufET,frI&Sdonfh
ar;cGef;rsm;
- yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;tMum; tjyeftvSef ajymqdk
aqG;aEG;aponfh ar;cGef;rsm;
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 93 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;wpfckcsif;pDtwGuf
taumif;qkH;tajzudk a&G;cs,f&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ (u)
2/ (c)
3/ (c)
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 95 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u vkyfief;acgif;pOfrsm; (1-6) udk
&Sif;jycsufrsm; (u-p) wdkYjzifh wGJpyf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ (i)
2/ (u)
3/ (C)
4/ (p)
5/ (c)
6/ (*)
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 96 -
vkyfief;pOf - OD;wnftkyfpkaqG;aEG;0dkif;udk
ydkrdkaumif;rGefatmif BudK;pm;yg
1-3/ wpfOD;csif;pD (odkY) ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ (odkY)
tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u OD;wnftkyfpk
ar;cGef;rsm;udk zwf½INyD; ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzMum;&rnf/
4/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ (odkY) tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u OD;wnftkyfpkaqG;aEG;0dkif;wGif
tokH;jyKEdkifrnfh vkyfief;wpfckudk pOf;pm;NyD; pDpOf&rnf/
• tawG;tjrifrsm;twGuf a&SUavhusifhcef;rS OD;wnftkyfpk
vkyfief;rsm;ESifh tcef;i,f 4.2 rS rwljcm;em;onfh
ar;cGef;trsdK;tpm;rsm;udk Munfh½I&ef ausmif;om;rsm;udk
wdkufwGef;ay;yg/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ vkyfief;rsm;udk twef;odkY
wifjyNyD; ¤if;vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&Guf&ef jzpfEdkifajc
&Sd^r&Sd vufawGUaqmif&Gufjyyg/
5/ tzGJUrsm;u OD;wnftkyfpkaqG;aEG;0dkif;wGif yg0ifolrsm;udk
rdwfqufay;onfhtcgwGif ajymrnfhtcsufrsm;
aqG;aEG;jcif; rpwifrDESifh aqG;aEG;0dkif;NyD;qkH;oGm;onfh
tcgwGif ajymjyrnfh oabmwlnDcsuf&,ljcif;qdkif&m
&Sif;jycsufrsm;udk azmfjyonfh rSwfpkrsm; (odkY) pmydk'frsm;udk
a&;om;&rnf/
• tcsdKUtzGJUrsm;udk ¤if;wdkY\ pmydk'frsm; (odkY) rSwfpkrsm;udk
twef;odkY wifjycdkif;yg/
6/ 5-10 OD;yg0ifaom tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u
¤if;wdkY\ OD;wnftkyfpkaqG;aEG;0dkif;rsm;udk avhusifh&rnf/
tzGJU0ifwdkif;u yg0ifaqmif&Guf&rnf/
• qE´&Sdygu ¤if;wdkY\ o½kyfazmfwifqufrIudk twef;odkY
wifqufjyocdkif;yg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ ]u} udk ]oifwdkY\ &yf&GmxJ&Sd a'ocHrsm;tMum; rnfonfh
y#dyu©rsm; &SdMuygoenf;} [lí ajymif;vJEdkifonf/
]q} udk ]oifwdkY\ &yf&GmxJ&Sd Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf
pdefac:rIrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; rnfonfwdkYudk ajymjyEdkifyg
oenf;} [lí ajymif;vJEdkifonf/
2/ ]C} udk ]&efukefNrdKU&Sd bmoma&; y#dyu©rsm;udk
rnfonfht&mrsm;u jzpfyGm;apygoenf;} [lí
ajymif;vJEdkifonf/
]i} udk ]vltrsm;ESifh oif\qufqHa&;udk rnfodkY
ajymif;vJEdkifyg oenf;} [lí ajymif;vJEdkifonf/
3/ ]p} udk ]Nidrf;csrf;a&; wnfaqmuf&ef ulnDay;cJhonfh
tcsdefumvwpfckckudk &Sif;vif;azmfjyyg} [lí
ajymif;vJEdkifonf/
4/ - Nidrf;csrf;a&;wnfaqmuf&ef vlrsm;vdkufem&rnfh
pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk pm&if;jyKpkyg/
- vkyfief;rsm;pm&if;wpfckudk aqmif&Guf&ef vG,fulrI
odkYr[kwf cufcJrIt& tqifhcGJowfrSwfyg/
5/
rdwfquf
]tm;vkH;yJ r*Fvmyg/ uREkfyftrnfu eD½dkjzpfNyD; oluawmh
armf*efjzpfygw,f/ uREkfyfu Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh ywfoufNyD;
aqG;aEG;0dkif;udk aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfNyD; armf*efuawmh
rSwfpka&;rSwfoGm;ygrnf/ aqG;aEG;pOfumvtwGif;
oifwdkY\ tjrifrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm zGifh[ajymqdkapvdk
ygonf/ þaqG;aEG;csufrsm;udk uREkfyfwdkYu toHoGif;,l
oGm;ygrnf/ xdkodkY toHoGif;,l&jcif;rSm okawoe
twGufom jzpfNyD; toHzdkif (odkY) yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m
tcsuftvufrsm;udk rnfolESifhrQ zvS,frQa0oGm;rnf
r[kwfyg/}
oabmwlnDcsuf
]þokawoeonf Nidrf;csrf;a&;taMumif;jzpfNyD;
Nidrf;csrf;a&;qdkif&m oifwdkY\ tawGUtBuHKrsm;udk
oif,l&ef pdwf0ifpm;rdygonf/ þtcsuftvufrsm;udk
&efukefESifh rEÅav;NrdKU&Sd&yfuGuf? NrdKUe,frsm;wGif
Nidrf;csrf;a&; wnfaqmufjcif;twGuf aqmif&Guf&ef
pDrHudef; wpfck zefwD;&mwGif tokH;jyKoGm;ygrnf/
ar;cGef;wdkif; tm;vkH;udk ajzqdk&ef rvdktyfyg/ ajzqdkvdkpdwf
r&Sdawmhygu tcsdefra&G; xGufcGmoGm;Edkifygonf/}
tydwf
þtaMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; ,aeYvma&muf
yg0ifay;onfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifygonf/ aemufqkH;
ar;jref;vdkonfh odkYr[kwf rSwfcsufay;vdkonfh
tcsufrsm; &Sdygao;ovm;/ aemufxyfar;jref;p&m
ar;cGef;rsm; &Sdvmygu uREkfyfwdkYudk qufoG,fEdkif&ef
vdyfpmuyfrsm;udk wpfa,mufcsif;pDtm; ay;tyfoGm;
ygrnf/
6/ 5-10 OD;ygaom tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u
¤if;wdkY\ OD;wnftkyfpk aqG;aEG;0dkif;rsm;udk
avhusifh&rnf/ tzGJUwdkif;u Zmwfaumifwpfae&m&mrS
yg0if&rnf/
• qE´&Sdygu ¤if;wdkY\ o½kyfazmfwifqufrIrsm;udk
twef;odkY wifqufjyocdkif;yg/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 97 -
jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf
• ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufudk zwf½I&rnf/
• xdkYaemuf ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ ]tvkyftudkif&SmazGjcif;ESifh ywfoufNyD; &efukefNrdKUrS
vli,frsm;\ tawGUtBuHKrsm;ESifh todtjrifrsm;}
2/ vlOD;a&rSm &efukefNrdKUwGif;ESifh &efukefNrdKUpGefrS vli,frsm;
jzpfonf/ tokH;jyKcJhonfh erlemaumuf,ljcif;
enf;vrf;rsm;rSm pdppfa&G;cs,ferlemaumuf,lenf;ESifh
ESif;vkH;erlemaumuf,ljcif; jzpfygonf/
3/ okawoDu OD;wnftkyfpkaqG;aEG;0dkif;
ar;cGef;rsm;udk prf;oyfjcif;jzifh ydkrdkaumif;rGefatmif
jyifqifajymif;vJcJhonf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
4/ (u) vli,frsm;taejzifh vGwfvyfpGm (odkY) pdwfvuf
ayghyg;pGm zGifh[ajymqdkEdkifrnf r[kwfay/
(c) jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;onfh ppfwrf;vTmwpfckonf
okawoDrsm;taejzifh tao;pdwf
tcsuftvufrsm;udk vsifjrefpGm&&Sd&ef rwlnDonfh
½Iaxmifhrsm;udk od&Sd&ef odkYr[kwf OD;wnftkyfpk
aqG;aEG;0dkif;twGif; ay:xGufvmonfh
acgif;pOftopfrsm;udk pl;prf;avhvm&ef tcGifhta&;
ray;acs/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 98 -
oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - OD;wnftkyfpkrsm;
rSwfcsuf - þvkyfief;onf ausmif;om;rsm;udk
okawoe pDrHudef;wpfcktm; tprStqkH;xd jyifqif
zefwD;NyD; vufawGUvkyfaqmifap&ef 'DZdkif;a&;qGJxm;onfh
]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS 11
ckajrmufjzpfonf/
¤if;onf ]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief;rsm;
tm;vkH;twGuf acgif;pOfwpfckwnf;udkom
awmufavQmuftokH;jyKoGm;rnfqdkygu xda&mufrI&SdEdkif
ygonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;vkyfief;rsm;udk
vkyfaqmifaecsdefwGif ¤if;wdkYa&G;cs,fxm;aom ,cif
okawoe acgif;pOfrsm; odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;rsm;onf
vufawGUusrI r&Sdawmhjcif;? pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdjcif;
odkYr[kwf tokH;0ifrIr&Sdjcif;wdkYudk awGUjrifvmEdkifonf
odkYr[kwf tjcm;acgif;pOf odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;udk ydkrdk
pdwf0ifpm;vmEdkifygonf/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe ar;cGef;rsm;
twGuf OD;wnftkyfpk aqG;aEG;0dkif;wpfckonf oifhawmfrI
&Sd^r&Sd qkH;jzwf&rnf/
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u OD;wnftkyfpk
aqG;aEG;0dkif;wpfckonf ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe
pDrHudef;rsm;ESifh rnfodkY qufET,frI&SdEdkifaMumif;
aqG;aEG;&rnf/
tydkaqmif;vkyfief; - oifwdkY\ OD;wnftkyfpkudk
avhusifhyg/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;ay:
rlwnfNyD; OD;wnftkyfpk tpDtpOfwpfck 'DZdkif;a&;qGJ
&rnf/
2/ tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ¤if;wdkY\ OD;wnftkyfpk vkyfief;rsm;
ESifh ar;cGef;rsm;udk prf;oyfNyD; rSwfpkrsm;
a&;om;&rnf/
3/ ¤if;wdkY\ rSwfpkrsm;udk jyefvnfzwf½INyD; vlawGU
ar;jref;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;udk ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmaprnfh
enf;vrf;rsm;udk pOf;pm;&rnf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH; (odkY) tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u
ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 100 -
7.1 apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;
tBudKavhvmcsuf
1/ wpfOD;csif;pDtvdkuf ausmif;om;rsm;u "mwfykHudk
wpfrdepfcefY Munfh½Iyg/
• tcsdefrSwfxm;yg/ wpfrdepfjynfhonfhtcgwGif
ausmif;om;rsm;udk &yfwefYcdkif;yg/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u "mwfykHxJrS rSwfrdorQudk
wwfEdkiforQ tao;pdwfa&;cs&rnf/
2/ a&;om;xm;onfh pmtkyfrsm;udkydwfyg/
ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u "mwfykHxJwGif
pl;prf;rdonfht&mrsm;udk EIdif;,SOf&rnf/ xdkYaemuf
uGJvGJpGm rSwfom;xm;rdonfht&mrsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
3/ "mwfykHay:wGif tajccHí okawoe ar;cGef;wpfckudk
ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD pOf;pm;&rnf/
• xdkYaemuf ¤if;wdkY\ okawoear;cGef;rsm;udk twef;odkY
jyefvnf&Sif;jy&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
- &efukefNrdKUwGif armfawmfqdkifu,frsm;udk rnfodkY
tokH;jyKMuoenf;/
- vrf;rwef;rS aps;qdkifydkif&Sifrsm;ESifh vrf;rwef;rS
a0;onfhae&mu aps;qdkifydkif&Sifrsm;\
0ifaiGjcm;em;rIrSm tb,fenf;/
- vrf;ab;aps;\ oufa&mufrIrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD;
&yf&Gmvlxk\ todtjrifrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u xkwfjyefcsufrsm;onf
rSefuefaMumif;^rSm;,Gif;aMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnf/
• rSm;,Gif;aeygu rSefuefaom xkwfjyefcsufwpfcktjzpf
jyefvnfa&;om;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ rSefygonf/
2/ rSm;ygonf - apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;udk rdom;pktdrfrsm;?
vrf;? pmMunfhwdkuf odkYr[kwf aps; ponfwdkY tygt0if
rwlnDonfh ae&mrsm;pGmwGif vkyfaqmifEdkifygonf/
3/ rSefygonf/
4/ rSm;ygonf - apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif; rSwfpkwdkrsm;udk
vkyfaqmifaeonfhtcsdeftwGif; odkYr[kwf
NyD;qkH;oGm;onfh tcsdefwGif a&;om;Muygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 101 -
vkyfief;pOf - apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;rsm;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfrsm;udk
zwf½I&rnf/
1/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
tajctaejyjzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pDwGif okawoDu
rnfonfht&mrsm;udk apmifhMunfhavhvmaeaMumif;
cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
tajctaejyjzpf&yf (1) - &efukefNrdKU&Sd a'ocHaps;rsm;wGif
oufBuD;ydkif;vlrsm;\ 0,f,lokH;pGJrI ykHpHerlemrsm;/
tajctaejyjzpf&yf (2) - &Srf;jynfe,f&Sd jynfwGif;
a&TUajymif;aexdkifolrsm;pcef;wGif vlrsm;u aomufokH;a&
qdkif&m ypönf;rsm;udk rnfodkY tokH;jyKonfhykHpHrsm;/
2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pDtwGuf
okawoe ar;cGef;wpfckpD pOf;pm;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
tajctaejyjzpf&yf (1) - &efukefNrdKU&Sd a'ocHaps;rsm;wGif
oufBuD;ydkif;vlrsm;\ 0,f,lokH;pGJrIykHpH erlemrSm
tb,fenf;/
tajctaejyjzpf&yf (2) - &Srf;jynfe,f&Sd jynfwGif;
a&TUajymif; aexdkifolrsm;pcef;wGif aomufokH;a&?
a&qdk;EkwfpepfESifh wpfudk,f&nfoefY&Sif;a&;qdkif&m
jyóemrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/
3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoDtaejzifh apmifhMunfh
avhvmjcif; rSwfpkudk rnfonfhtcsdefwGif a&;om;&rnf
jzpfaMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnf - apmifhMunfhavhvmaepOf
twGif; odkYr[kwf NyD;qkH;oGm;onfhtcgwGif -
tb,faMumifhenf;/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
tajctaejyjzpf&yf (1) - okawoDu apmifhMunfh
avhvmjcif; NyD;onfhtcgwGifomvQif rSwfpka&;om;oifh
ygonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf vlrsm;\
taMumif;udk aps;ü vdkufvHrSwfom;a&;om;jcif;onf
,Ofaus;onfh trlt&m r[kwfaomaMumifh odkYr[kwf
vufawGUrusonfh twGufaMumifhjzpfonf/
tajctaejyjzpf&yf (2) - okawoDu apmifhMunfh
avhvmaepOf twGif; rSwfpka&;om;oifhygonf/ pcef;rS
vlrsm;u okawoDa&muf&Sdaeonfh taMumif;&if;udk
od&Sdem;vnfxm;onfhtwGuf pdwfvufayghyg;rI
&SdaeEdkifygonf/
4/ ausmif;om;rsm;u apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;jzpfpOftwGif;
&ifqdkifBuHKawGU&Edkifajc&Sdaom jyóemrsm;udk
cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
• xdkYaemuf tqdkygjyóemrsm;twGuf ajz&Sif;csufrsm;udk
pOf;pm;&rnf/
• tcsdKUtzGJUrsm;udk ¤if;wdkYpOf;pm;xm;onfh
ajz&Sif;csufrsm;udk twef;odkYwifjycdkif;yg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
tajctaejyjzpf&yf (1) - aemufrSvdkufí
pdkufMunfhjcif;jzifh oufBuD;ydkif;vlrsm;udk
pdwftaESmifht,Suf jzpfapEdkifonf/ okawoDu
aps;qdkifydkif&SifESifh ¤if;wdkY apmifhMunfhavhvmrnfh
oufBuD;ydkif; vlrsm;udk okawoetaMumif;
ajymjyjcif;jzifh tqdkygvlrsm;udk pdwftaESmifht,Suf
uif;pGm 0,f,la&mif;0,fEdkifapygvdrfhrnf/
tajctaejyjzpf&yf (2) - okawoDu pcef;&Sdvlrsm;
aomufokH;a&qdkif&m ypönf;rsm;udk tokH;jyKjcif;udk
apmifhMunfhavhvm&mwGif tcuftcJ&SdEdkifygonf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf tqdkygvlrsm;onf
xdkae&mwGif &SdaeonfhtcsdefwGif tjcm;t&mrsm;udk
vkyfaqmifaeEdkifaomaMumifhjzpfonf odkYr[kwf
aomufokH;a& axmufyHhay;rI ydwfxm;jcif;aMumifhvnf;
jzpfEdkifonf/ okawoDtaejzifh vlrsm; aomufokH;a&
qdkif&m ypönf;rsm;udk tokH;jyKjcif;udk apmifhMunfhavhvm
Edkifonfh taumif;qkH;tcsdefudk pkHprf;xm;jcif;jzifh
jyifqifxm;oifhygonf/
tajctaejyjzpf&yf ESpfckpvkH;twGuf - okawoDu
¤if;apmifhMunfhavhvmae&onfh okawoe\
&nf&G,fcsufudk pcef;rSvlrsm;tm; &Sif;jyEdkifygonf/
vkyfief;pOf - vkyfief;wpfcktm; apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;udk tzGJUESpfzGJUcGJyg/
• tzGJU (1) u wm0ef 3 ckudk pum;rajymbJ
aqmif&Guf&rnf/
• tzGJU (2) u tzGJU (1) \ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk
apmifhMunfhavhvmNyD; rSwfpka&;rSwf&rnf/
2/ wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh þokawoeudk aqmif&Guf&mwGif
jzpfvmEdkifajc&Sdaom jyóemrsm;udk cGJjcm;azmfxkwfNyD;
¤if;wdkYtwGuf ajz&Sif;csufrsm;udk pOf;pm;Munfh&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
jyóem - jzpfysufaeaom taMumif;t&mrsm;pGm&SdaeNyD;
tao;pdwf rSwfpka&;om;&ef cufcJapygonf/
ajz&Sif;csufrsm; -
- ADG'D,dk½dkuful;xm;yg/
- rSwfpka&;om;&ef vlESpfOD;owfrSwfxm;yg/
- tcsuftenf;i,fudkom t"duxm;tm½kHpdkufyg/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 102 -
3/ wpfwef;vkH; (odkY) tzGJUi,frsm;taejzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajz
- tzGJUwpfzGJUcsif;pD\ apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;rsm;udk
wlnDaomenf;vrf; - wpfaeYwnf;?
wpfcsdefwnf;? wpfywfwnf;? jzpfEdkifvQif
okawoD wpfOD;wnf;jzifh - jzpfap&ef *½kpdkufyg/
þenf;jzifh apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;udk ydkNyD;
udk;pm;EdkifpGrf; &Sdapygonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
tcsdef? wnfae&m? okawoDrsm;\ rwlnDaom
OD;wnfcsufrsm;aMumifh jzpfvmEdkifonfh
uGJjym;csufrsm; enf;yg;apaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
- okawoD (rsm;) u tokH;jyKaom pHEIef;rsm; pm&if;
wpfckudk azmfjyxm;yg/ odkYrSomvQif wpfzGJUcsif;pD\
wlnDaomtcsufrsm;udk apmifhMunfhavhvmoGm;rnf
jzpfonf/
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u Oyrmrsm;onf udk,fwdkifyg0if
vkyfaqmifonfh apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif; [kwf^r[kwf
cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ udk,fwdkifyg0ifvkyfaqmifonfh apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;
2/ udk,fwdkifyg0ifvkyfaqmifonfh apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;
3/ r[kwfyg/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ tcsdefumvwpfavQmuf ajymif;vJrIrsm;udk
apmifhMunfhavhvmonfh rnfonfh okawoerqdk/
Oyrm - tpm;taomufqdkifrsm;wGif azmhbl;rsm;
tokH;jyKjcif;tm; qefYusifonfh ynmay;urfydef;rsm;\
oufa&mufrIEIef;/
2/ oifapmifhMunfhavhvmaeonfh aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk
vlrsm;pGmu vkyfaqmifaeonfh acgif;pOfwpfck/
3/ vltrsm;\ tawG;tjrifrsm;ESifh tBuHÓPfrsm;udk
od&Sdjcif;yg0ifonfh ar;cGef;wpfck/
tydkaqmif;vkyfief; - apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;
(odkY) udk,fwdkifyg0ifvkyfaqmifonfh apmifhMunfh
avhvmjcif; jzpfygovm;/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;udk okawoe tajctaejy
jzpf&yfrsm;\ Oyrmrsm;tcsdKUudk azmfjyay;yg/ Oyrm -
• okawoDwpfOD;u wuúodkvf
ausmif;om;rsm;onf rnfonfh rkefYtrsdK;tpm;udk
0,f,lpm;okH;MuaMumif; od&Sdvdkonf/
• okawoDtzGJUwpfzGJUu tvSr,f^tvSarmif
NydKifyGJ0ifrsm;tMum; qifwlnDcsufrsm;ESifh
uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrsm;udk pl;prf;avhvmvdkonf/
• okawoDwpfOD;u pdkufysdK;a&; vkyfom;rsm;
twGuf usef;rma&;qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;taMumif;
od&Sdvdkonf/
2/ wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejy
jzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pDwGif apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;
(odkY) udk,fwdkifyg0ifvkyfaqmifonfh apmifhMunfh
avhvmjcif;u ydkrdkaumif;rGefrI &Sd^r&Sd aqG;aEG;&rnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 103 -
7.2 uGif;qif;rSwfpkwdkrsm;
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\
tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
2/ - pdwfxJwGif tBudrfBudrf jyefvnf&Gwfqdkyg/
- xdktaMumif;udk wpfpkHwpfa,muftm; ajymMum;yg/
- aemufydkif;wGif jyefvnfrSwfrdap&eftwGuf rSwfpkwdk
a&;om;xm;yg/
- zkef;jzifh toHoGif;xm;yg/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 104 -
vkyfief;pOf - apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;rsm;twGuf
tBuHjyKcsufrsm;
1/ wpfOD;csif;pD odkYr[kwf ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ odkYr[kwf
tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u tBuHjyKcsufrsm;udk
apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif; rvkyfaqmifrD? vkyfaqmifaepOf
twGif;ESifh vkyfaqmifNyD;aemuf ponfh trsdK;tpm; (3)
rsdK;tjzpf cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif; rvkyfrD - u? c? p? Z
apmifhMunfhavhvmaepOftwGif; - C? p? Z
apmifhMunfhavhvmNyD;aemuf - *? C? i? q? ps
2/ tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u pm&if;wpfckcsif;pD
twGuf tjcm;aomtBuHjyKcsufrsm;udk aygif;xnfh&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif; rvkyfrD - apmifhMunfhavhvm&ef
tokH;0ifonfh ae&mwpfck &SmazGyg/
apmifhMunfhavhvmaepOftwGif; - oif\ okawoe
acgif;pOfESifh teD;pyfqkH; qufET,frI&Sdonfh t&mrsm;udk
tm½kHpdkufyg/
apmifhMunfhavhvmNyD;aemuf - toHoGif;xm;aom
apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif; rSwfpkrsm;tm;vkH;udk em;axmifyg/
• qE´&Sdygu oifykef;ay:wGif wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh
pm&if;jyKpkxm;yg/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 105 -
vkyfief;pOf - ab;ywf0ef;usifudk apmifhMunfhavhvmyg
rSwfcsuf - ausmif;om;rsm;u apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;
enf;vrf;wpfckudk a&G;cs,f&ef tcufawGUaeygu
þvkyfief;\tpwGif apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;
vkyfaqmifEdkifrnfh rwluGJjym;aom enf;vrf;rsm;udk
jyefvnf today;yg/
1/ wpfOD;csif;pD odkYr[kwf ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkYteD;tem;? ¤if;wdkY\
tdrfeD;em;csif; odkYr[kwf pmoifcef;wpf0dkufwGif
apmifhMunfhavhvmEdkifonfh acgif;pOfwpfckckudk
a&G;cs,fyg/
• ¤if;wdkY apmifhMunfhavhvmrnfht&mrsm;ESifh
apmifhMunfhrnfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk qkH;jzwf&rnf/ Oyrm -
- wpfcsdefwnf;wGif apmifhMunfhavhvmNyD;
rSwfpkrsm;a&;rSwfyg/ odkYr[kwf
- apmifhMunfhavhvmNyD; aemufrS rSwfpka&;rSwfyg/
odkYr[kwf
- vkyfief;wGif udk,fwdkifyg0ifNyD; xdktaMumif;udk
a&;om;yg/ odkYr[kwf
- jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;onfh vlawGUar;jref;jcif;wpfck&Sd
ar;cGef;rsm;pm&if;ESifh wlnDonfh apmifhMunfh
avhvmjcif; pHEIef;rsm;pm&if;wpfckudk
vdkufemusifhokH;yg - tp&Sdojzifh/
2/ ¤if;wdkY\ apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;udk aqmif&GufNyD;
rSwfpkrsm;udk a&;om;&rnf/
3/ wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;taejzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf
• ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufudk zwf½I&rnf/
• xdkYaemuf ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ csif;rdkifwuúodkvf&Sd EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm;
&ifqdkifBuHKawGU&aom pdefac:rIrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkYudk
ajz&Sif;Edkifrnfh enf;AsL[mrsm;/
2/ EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm; xdkifonfhae&m? pmoifcef;ESifh
pm;aomufqdkifwef;twGif; ¤if;wdkY pum;ajymolrsm;/
3/ [kwfygonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif aeYvnfpmtwGuf
tqdkyg ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJpm;aomufjcif;jzifh
aqmif&GufcJhygonf/
4/ yxrOD;qkH;taejzifh olru ausmif;om;rsm;udk
apmifhMunfh avhvmcJhonfhtwGuf ¤if;wdkYudk rnfonfh
tjyKtrlrsm;taMumif; ar;jref;&rnfudk od&SdcJh
ygonf/ xdkYaemuf olrapmifhMunfhavhvmcJhonfh
taMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh tjcm;aom
owif;tcsuftvufrsm; xyfrH&&Sd&eftwGuf
vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;udk tokH;jyKcJhygonf/
þokawoewGif EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm;udk ¤if;wdkY
jyKrlaexdkifonfh ykHpH\ aemufuG,frS taMumif;&if;rsm;ESifh
xdkodkY jyKrlaexdkifjcif;jzifh ¤if;wdkY\ tjcm;aom b0
aexdkifrI ykHpHudk rnfodkY oufa&mufaMumif; ar;jref;&ef
twGuf vlawGUar;jref;jcif;udk tokH;jyKcJhygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 106 -
oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; -
apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;rsm;
rSwfcsuf - þvkyfief;onf ausmif;om;rsm;udk
okawoe pDrHudef;wpfcktm; tprStqkH;xd jyifqif
zefwD;NyD; vufawGUvkyfaqmifap&ef 'DZdkif;a&;qGJxm;onfh
]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS 12 ck
ajrmuf jzpfonf/
¤if;onf ]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief;rsm;
tm;vkH;twGuf acgif;pOfwpfckwnf;udkom
awmufavQmuf tokH;jyKoGm;rnf qdkygu xda&mufrI
&SdEdkifygonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;rsm;u
¤if;vkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfaqmifaecsdefwGif ¤if;wdkY
a&G;cs,fxm;aom ,cifokawoeacgif;pOfrsm;
odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;rsm;onf vufawGUusrI r&Sdawmhjcif;?
pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdjcif; odkYr[kwf tokH;0ifrIr&Sdjcif;wdkYudk
awGUjrifvmEdkifonf (odkY) tjcm;acgif;pOf odkYr[kwf
ar;cGef;udk ydkrdkpdwf0ifpm;vmEdkifygonf/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe ar;cGef;twGuf
apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;onf oifhavsmfrI &Sd^r&Sd
qkH;jzwf&rnf/
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u apmifhMunfh
avhvmjcif;onf ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;rsm;wGif
rnfodkY tokH;csoGm;EdkifaMumif; aqG;aEG;&rnf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ - apmifhMunfhavhvmaeonfh wpfcsdefwnf;wGif
rSwfpka&;rSwfEdkifjcif;/
- jzpfysufrIrsm;jym;aeonfhtwGuf
ta&;BuD;onfht&mrsm;udk vpf[moGm;jcif;/
- apmifhMunfhavhvmNyD;rS rSwfpka&;om;onfhtcgwGif
jzpfysufcJhonfht&mrsm;udk jyefvnfrSwfrdaejcif;/
- vlrsm;\ tjyKtrlrsm;tay: oufa&mufrI&SdEdkifjcif;
odkYr[kwf apmifhMunfhcHae&onfhtwGuf
yg0ifolrsm;u pdwfvufayghyg;rIr&Sdjcif;/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 108 -
8.1 ta&twGufpHjyK
a'wmrsm;
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\
tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ eHygwfrsm;? a&wGufjcif;? ocsFm? eHygwfrsm;udk
Z,m;xJwGif a&;xnfhjcif;? udef;*Pef;
tcsuftvufrsm;? um;csyfrsm; a&;qGJjcif;/
2/ (u) a&mif;cscJhaom odkYr[kwf pm;okH;cJhaom
rwljcm;em;onfh tpm;tpm ta&twGufrsm;
(c) wpfaeYwmtwGif; vma&mufpm;okH;ol ta&twGuf
- wpfaeYwmtwGif; a&mif;csaom pm;aomufyGJ
ta&twGuf
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 109 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u tqifhrsm; (1-3) udk vkyfief;rsm;
(u-p) wdkYjzifh wGJpyf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ C? p
2/ u? c
3/ *? i
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 110 -
rSwfcsuf - udef;*Pef;a'wmESifh trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m
a'wmrsm;tMum; jcm;em;csufrSm udef;*Pef;
a'wmrsm;onf eHygwfrsm;jzpfNyD; trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m
a'wmrsm;rSm pum;vkH;jzpfMuonf/ tcsdKUeHygwfrsm;
yg0ifaom a'wmonf udef;*Pef;a'wmrsm; tNrJwrf;
r[kwfMuacs/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf eHygwfrsm;
yg0ifaomfvnf; udef;*Pef; t"dyÜm,fr&Sdonfh
a'wmtcsdKU &SdaeonfhtwGufjzpfonf/ Oyrm -
zkef;eHygwf/ zkef;eHygwfrsm;udk pkaygif;NyD; aygif;jcif;?
EIwfjcif; (odkY) wGufcsufjcif;jzifh tokH;0ifaom odkYr[kwf
udef;*Pef;qefaom t"dyÜm,frsm; xGufay:vm
vdrfhrnf r[kwfacs/ xdkYaMumifh zkef;eHygwfrsm; (vrf;?
tdrfeHygwfrsm;) onf eHygwfrsm;jzpfaomfvnf;
¤if;wdkYonf trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m a'wmrsm;jzpfMuonf/
atmufygavhusifhcef;xJ&Sd pmom;rsm;xJrS OyrmESifh
]q} ESifh ]Z} wdkYonf udef;*Pef;rsm;yg0ifaom
trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m a'wmrsm;jzpfMuonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 111 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;ESifh tajzrsm;onf
udef;*Pef;a'wm odkYr[kwf trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m
a'wmrsm; [kwf^r[kwf qkH;jzwf&rnf/
1/ tajzrsm;
(u) udef;*Pef;qdkif&ma'wm
(c) udef;*Pef;qdkif&ma'wm
(*) trsdK;tpm;qdkif&ma'wm
(C) trsdK;tpm;qdkif&ma'wm
2/ tajzrsm;
(u) udef;*Pef;qdkif&ma'wm
(c) udef;*Pef;qdkif&ma'wm
(*) trsdK;tpm;qdkif&ma'wm
(C) trsdK;tpm;qdkif&ma'wm
(i) udef;*Pef;qdkif&ma'wm
(p) udef;*Pef;qdkif&ma'wm
(q) trsdK;tpm;qdkif&ma'wm
(Z) trsdK;tpm;qdkif&ma'wm
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 112 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u ajzMum;csufrsm;udk
oauFwa&;om;NyD; Z,m;wpfckxJwGif jznfhpGuf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
ar; 1 ar; 2 ar; 3 ar; 4
yg0ifajzMum;ol 2 3 3 2 2
yg0ifajzMum;ol 3 3 6 2 1
yg0ifajzMum;ol 4 2 7 1 1
vkyfief;pOf - a'wmrSwfwrf;rsm;jzifh
jyóemajz&Sif;jcif;
1/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u a'wmZ,m;wpfckudk 'DZdkif;a&;qGJ
&rnf/
rSwfcsuf - tcsdKUtzGJUrsm;taejzifh touft&G,f
tydkif;tjcm;udk ¤if;wdkY\ a'wmZ,m;xJwGif
jznfhpGufonfhtcgwGif tBuHay;&ef vdktyfonfhtwGuf
ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ (odkY) tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ppfaq;ay;yg
- jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;udk Oyrmwpfcktaejzifh
Munfhyg/ (Oyrm - <20? 21-30? 31-40…..? pojzifh/)
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajz
< 2021-
30
31-
40
41-
50
51-
60
61-
70
71-
80> 80
3 4 3 2 2 1 3 1
2/ tzGJUrsm;u tajctaeudk aqG;aEG;NyD; jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom
ajz&Sif;csufrsm;udk cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajz
a'wmZ,m;xJwGif ]rajzqdkvdkyg} [laom a&G;cs,fp&m
ESifh ]tjcm;omoma&;} [laom a&G;cs,fp&mwdkYudk
xnfhoGif;ay;yg/
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3 8 2 2 1 1 2 1
0 - rajzqdkvdkyg
1 - Ak'¨bmom
2 - rlpvif
3 - c&pf,mef
4 - [dE´L
5 - awmawmifa&ajr tp&SdonfwdkYudk udk;uG,fol
6 - bmomrJh
7 - tjcm;aom udk;uG,fonfhbmom
xdkYaemuf okawoe tpD&ifcHpmwrf; (tcef; 10 wGif
Munfhyg) \ cGJjcrf;pdppfcsufESifh (odkY) aqG;aEG;csuf&Sd
]tjcm;aom udk;uG,fonfhbmom} rnfonfh
trsdK;tpm;rsm; yg0ifaMumif; &Sif;jyyg/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajz
udef;*Pef;qdkif&ma'wmrsm;udk ydkrdktqifhjrifhaom
udef;*Pef;qdkif&m cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif; enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh
cGJjcrf;pdppfEdkifygonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
¤if;a'wmrsm;onf udef;*Pef;toGif &SdaeESifhNyD;om;
jzpfonfh twGufaMumifhjzpfonf/ trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m
a'wmrsm;udk eHygwfwefzdk;rsm;ay;&ef t&ifvdktyf
ygonf/
trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m a'wmrsm;udk tpktzGJUrsm; odkYr[kwf
trsdK;tpm;rsm;tjzpf tkyfpkzGJUEdkifNyD; ¤if;wdkYonf
tqdkygtpktzGJU\ t&G,ftpm; odkYr[kwf wpfckESifh
wpfck qufET,faeonfh trsdK;tpm;rsm;qdkif&m
tcsuftvufrsm; azmfjyay;Edkifygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 113 -
8.2 &Sif;vif;azmfjyay;aom
udef;*Pef;
tcsuftvufrsm;
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\
tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/
rSwfcsuf - vdktyfygu Z,m;\ b,fbufaumfvHonf
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom arG;csif;armifESr ta&twGufjzpfaMumif;
(a'wmrsm;ay: tajccHí) &Sif;jyyg/ nmbufjcrf;&Sd
aumfvHonf tqdkyg armifESrta&twGuf&Sdonfh
ausmif;om; ta&twGufjzpfaMumif; &Sif;jyyg/ (Oyrm
- ausmif;om;ESpfOD;wGif arG;csif;armifESr r&SdMubJ?
ausmif;om; 7 OD;wGif arG;csif;armifESr 2 OD;pD&SdMuonf
tp&Sdojzifh/)
tajzrsm;
1/ 2
2/ 4
3/ þZ,m;wGif rwljcm;em;aom wefzdk;rsm; tBudrfrnfrQ
ay:xGufvmaMumif; azmfjyjcif;jzifh a'wmrsm;udk
tESpfcsKyfxm;ygonf/ pmrsufESm 112 &Sd Z,m;wGif
yg0ifajzMum;olwpfOD;csif;xHrS ajzMum;csufwpfckcsif;pD
twGuf wefzdk;rsm;yg0ifonf/
rSwfcsuf - ysrf;rQudef;? tv,fudef;ESifh Budrfrsm;udef;
wdkYudk a'wmtpkwpfpktwGif;&Sd A[dkwefzdk;rsm;udk
wGufcsuf&ef tokH;jyKygonf/
ysrf;rQudef;onf &v'frsm;udk ajymif;vJEdkifaom wefzdk;BuD;
(odkY) wefzdk;i,fudef;rsm;r&Sdonfh udef;*Pef;a'wmrsm;
twGuf ysrf;rQudef;wGufcsuf&mwGif tokH;0ifqkH;jzpfonf/
Oyrm - oif\ &yf&GmtwGif;&Sd vlrsm;\ wpfywfpm
ysrf;rQ0ifaiGudk od&SdvdkNyD; vlwdkif;u qifwlnDaom
yrmP &&Sdonfqdkygu ysrf;rQudef;udk tokH;jyKNyD;
A[dkwefzdk;udk wGufcsufEdkifygonf/
tv,fudef;onf usef&Sdaom a'wmtpktzGJUESifh
EIdif;,SOfvQif A[dkwefzdk;udk ajymif;vJEdkifonfh tvGef
BuD;rm;aom (odkY) tvGefao;i,faom eHygwfrsm;
yg0ifonfh udef;*Pef;a'wmrsm;twGuf tokH;jyKygonf/
Oyrm - oif\ &yf&GmtwGif;&Sd vlrsm;\ wpfywfpm
ysrf;rQ0ifaiGudk od&SdvdkNyD; vlwpfOD;u tjcm;vlrsm;xuf
rsm;pGm0ifaiG&&Sdaeygu tv,fudef;udktokH;jyKygonf/
tv,fudef; 0ifaiGwefzdk;onf ydkrdkrsm;jym;Edkifygonf/
tb,faMumifh qdkaomf vltrsm;u 0ifaiGenf;yg;onfh
tcgwGif vlwpfOD;u 0ifaiGjrifhrm;aeonfhtwGufaMumifh
jzpfonf/ tv,fudef; (tv,fwefzdk;) onf vltrsm;
&&Sdonfh 0ifaiGESifh eD;pyfygvdrfhrnf/
Budrfrsm;udef;onf usm;^r? tvkyftudkif odkYr[kwf
vlrsm; aexdkifonfh NrdKUe,frsm;uJhodkYaom trsdK;tpm;
qdkif&m (udef;*Pef;r[kwfaom) a'wmrsm;twGuf
tokH;0ifqkH;jzpfonf/ Oyrm - oifh&yf&GmxJ&Sd
vlrsm;udk rnfonfhtvkyftudkif vkyfaqmifMuaMumif;
ar;jref;MunfhvQif vltrsm;u vkyfaqmifonfh
tvkyftudkifonf Budrfrsm;udef; jzpfygvdrfhrnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 114 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u t*Fvdyfpm pmoifcef;
ausmif;om;rsm;\ arG;csif;armifESr udef;*Pef;rsm;rS
ysrf;rQudef;? tv,fudef;ESifh Budrfrsm;udef;wdkYudk
wGufcsuf&rnf/
• tajzrsm;udk ar;jref;NyD;onfhtcgwGif tcsdKU
ausmif;om;rsm;udk ¤if;wdkY\ wGufcsufykHtm;
oifykef;ay:wGif vufawGUwGufcsufjycdkif;yg/
tajzrsm;
ysrf;rQudef; - 0 + 0 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2
+ 2 + 2 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 45
45^20 = 2.25
tv,fudef; - 0? 1? 1? 1? 1? 2? 2? 2? 2? 2? 2? 2? 3? 3? 3?
3? 5? 5? 5 = 2
rSwfcsuf - ajzMum;csufrsm;onf pkH*Pef;jzpfaeygu
(20) tv,fudef;wGufcsuf&ef (2 jzpfonf) twGuf
tv,fudef;rsm;\ ysrf;rQwefzdk; (10 BudrfESifh 11
Budrfajrmuf) wdkYudk &,lyg/
Budrfrsm;udef; - 0? 0? 1? 1? 1? 1? 2? 2? 2? 2? 2? 2? 2? 3? 3?
3? 3? 5? 5? 5 = 2
vkyfief;pOf - a'wmrsm;udk cGJjcrf;pdppfNyD;
a'wmZ,m;wpfck zefwD;a&;qGJyg
1/ wpfOD;csif;pDtaejzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u a'wmZ,m;udk
Munfh½INyD; ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&rnf/
tajzrsm;
(u) 34.125
(c) 2 em&D^120 rdepf
(*) touf 35 ESpfatmuf vlrsm;twGuf
tm;upm;onf ydkrdkausmfMum;ygonf (ajzMum;ol
3OD;u tm;upm;[kajzMum;NyD; wpfOD;uomvQif
pmzwfjcif;[k ajzMum;cJhonf/) touf 35 ESpf
txuf vlrsm;twGuf pmzwfjcif;onf ydkrdk
vlBudKufrsm;ygonf (ajzMum;ol 3 OD;u
pmzwfjcif;[k ajzMum;NyD; wpfOD;uomvQif
tm;upm;[k ajzMum;cJhygonf/)
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
a'wmZ,m;aemufwpfckudk xyfrHa&;qGJzefwD;&rnf/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u vl 8 OD;udk vlawGUar;jref;&rnf
jzpfNyD; ar;cGef;rsm;udk wpfykHpHwnf; ar;jref;&rnf/
• ¤if;wdkY\ a'wmrsm;udk a'wmZ,m;xJwGif
jznfhpGuf&rnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 115 -
3/ &v'frsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/
(u) a'wmrsm;wGif vlBuD;rsm;onf vGwfvyfrI
ydkrdk&&SdaMumif; odkYr[kwf enf;yg;aMumif;uJhodkYaom
erlemykHpHrsm;udk azmfjyaeygovm;/
(c) a'wmrsm;wGif touft&G,fESifh tm;upm; (odkY)
pmzwfjcif; BudKufESpfoufrI erlemwdkYudk ,SOfwGJ
azmfjyxm;ygovm;/
• qE´&Sdygu &v'frsm;tm;vkH;udk twef;vdkuf
aqmif&Gufaom a'wmZ,m;wpfcktjzpf aygif;pnf;yg/
4/ þtcsuftvufrsm;udk rnfolrsm;u tokH;jyKrnf
jzpfaMumif;ESifh rnfonfhtwGuf tokH;jyK&jcif;jzpfaMumif;
aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
- aMumfjimolrsm;u tm;upm;ypönf;rsm; odkYr[kwf
pmtkyfrsm;? owif;pmrsm;? r*¾Zif;rsm;udk wdusaom
touft&G,f tkyfpkwpfpkpktm; a&mif;cs&ef
tokH;jyKEdkifygonf/
- trsm;jynfolqdkif&m vIHYaqmfrIrsm;u vli,frsm;
odkYr[kwf oufBuD;ydkif;rsm;udk tm;upm;
ydkrdkvkyfaqmif&ef wdkufwGef;vdkonfhtcgwGif
þa'wmrsm;udk tokH;jyKEdkifygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 116 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u a'wmtpktzGJUrsm;udk Munfh½INyD;
BudrfEIef;rsm;udk zwf½I&rnf/
• ¤if;wdkYu BudrfEIef;jyZ,m;xJ&Sd trSm;ESpfckudk
cGJjcm;azmfxkwfNyD; rSefuefatmif jyifqifay;&rnf/
tajzrsm;
- vl 4 OD;u &rSwf 401-500 udk &&SdMuonf/
(6 OD;r[kwfyg)
- vl 3 OD;u "mwkaA'bmom&yfonf ¤if;wdkY\
tBudKufESpfoufqkH; bmom&yf[k ajzMum;cJhonf/
(2 OD;r[kwfyg)
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 117 -
vkyfief;pOf - BudrfEIef;jyZ,m;
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u Oyrmay;xm;aom pmoifcef;rS
ausmif;om;rsm;\ touft&G,fqdkif&m BudrfEIef;jy
Z,m;udk Munfh½I&rnf/
• wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh qifwlnDrI&Sdaom oifwdkY\
pmoifcef;rS ausmif;om;rsm;\ touft&G,fqdkif&m
BudrfEIef;jyZ,m;wpfckudk a&;qGJyg/
2/ oifwdkY\ pmoifcef;ESifh Oyrm pmoifcef;wdkY\
BudrfEIef;jyZ,m;rsm;udk EIdif;,SOfyg/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u Oyrmpmoifcef;ESifh ¤if;wdkY\
pmoifcef;rS ausmif;om;rsm;\ touft&G,frsm;udk
EIdif;,SOfcGJjcm;MunfhNyD; ajymjyEdkifonfh
taMumif;t&mrsm;udk 0gusa&;zGJUí pm&if;wpfck
jyKpk&rnf/ Oyrm -
- ]Oyrmpmoifcef;wGif uREkfyfwdkY\tcef;ESifh
EIdif;pmvQif ysrf;rQudef;t& touft&G,f
ydkrdkBuD;&ifhygonf/}
- ]Oyrmpmoifcef;wGif touf 16-20 twGif;&Sdonfh
ausmif;om;rsm;onf uREkfyfwdkY\tcef;ESifh
EIdif;pmvQif ydkrdkenf;yg;ygonf/}
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajz
- trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m a'wmrsm;onf ydkrdkvG,fulEdkif
ygonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf ¤if;a'wmrsm;udk
oauFw owfrSwfvdkufonfhtcgwGif cGJjcrf;
pdppf&ef eHygwftenf;i,fom &Sdíjzpfonf/
(vdktyfygu pmrsufESm 110-112 &Sd oauFw
a&;om;owfrSwfjcif;taMumif; ausmif;om;rsm;udk
jyefvnfowday;yg/)
- trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m a'wmrsm;onf em;vnf&
ydkrdkvG,fulygonf/ txl;ojzifh ½dk;&Sif;aom
trsdK;tpm;rsm; &SdaeonfhtcgwGifjzpfonf/ Oyrm -
tBudKufESpfoufqkH; tpm;tpmrsm;/
- udef;*Pef;a'wmrsm;onf ydkrdkvG,fulEdkifygonf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf udef;*Pef;tcsuftvuf
qdkif&m cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif; rjyKvkyfrD oauFwa&;om;
owfrSwfjcif;udk t&ifvkyfaqmif&ef rvdktyfonfh
twGufjzpfonf/
- udef;*Pef;qdkif&m a'wmrsm;jzpfygonf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf a'wmrsm;udk cGJjcrf;pdppf&ef
enf;vrf;rsm;pGm &SdonftwGufaMumifhjzpfonf/
(Oyrm - ysrf;rQudef;? tv,fudef; odkYr[kwf
Budrfrsm;udef;)/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 118 -
8.3 ta&twGufpHjyK
a'wmrsm;udk jrifEdkifatmif
ykHazmfjcif;
rSwfcsuf - þtcef;i,fwGif ausmif;om;rsm;u
azmfjyxm;aom odkYr[kwf aumuf,lcJhaom
a'wmrsm;udk tokH;jyKNyD; bm;csyfrsm; (bar charts) ESifh puf0dkif;um;csyfrsm; (pie charts) a&;qGJjcif;udk
avhusifh&rnf/ ¤if;um;csyfrsm;udk vufjzifha&;qGJEdkifonf
odkYr[kwf Microsoft Excel y½dk*&rfponfh
aqmhvf0Jvfrsm;udk tokH;jyKí avhusifhEdkifygonf/
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\
tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/
tajzrsm;
1/ u = bm;csyf (bar chart)? c = puf0dkif;um;csyf (pie chart)
2/ ¤if;um;csyfrsm;udk a'wmZ,m;wpfckjzifh Munfhjcif;xuf
ydkrdkem;vnf&ef vG,fulEdkifonfh enf;vrf;wpfckjzifh
azmfjy&mwGif tokH;jyKygonf/
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u xkwfjyefcsufrsm;onf
rSefuefaMumif;^rSm;,Gif;aMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnf/
• rSm;,Gif;aeygu rSefuefaom xkwfjyefcsufwpfcktjzpf
ajymif;vJa&;om;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ rSm;ygonf - aumfzDqdkifonf 'DZifbmvwGif
tausmfMum;qkH;jzpfonf/
2/ rSm;ygonf - vltrsm;u ESpfwpfESpfwm\
'kwd,ydkif;wGif vma&mufvnfywfrI ydkrdkrsm;jym;cJh
ygonf/
3/ rSm;ygonf - vma&muf0,f,lolrsm;onf
arvESifh ZGefvwGif avQmhusoGm;NyD;aemuf
jyefvnfrsm;jym;vmcJhygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 119 -
vkyfief;pOf - bm;csyfwpfck zefwD;yg
rSwfcsuf - ausmif;om;rsm;onf atmufwGif
azmfjyxm;aom Oyrm bm;csyfESifh qifwlnDrI&Sdaom
um;csyfrsm;udk a&;qGJaejcif; &Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;yg/ xdkYtwl
ausmif;om;rsm;udk ¤if;wdkY\ pmtkyfxJ&Sd a&SUpmrsufESmrS
bm;csyfOyrmudk Munfh½IEdkifaMumif; jyefvnfowday;yg/
¤if;wdkY\ um;csyfrsm;wGif acgif;pOfwpfck? X 0if½dk; (wefzdk;rsm;) ESifh Y 0if½dk; (ajzMum;csuf
ta&twGuf^BudrfEIef;) wdkY\ trnfrsm; yg0ifoifh
ygonf/ ar;cGef; (2) twGuf um;csyfwGif vufpGJ
uGefysLwmESifh vufudkifzkef;rsm;jzpfonfh ypönf;ESpfrsdK;
twGuf bm;csyfrsm;onf eHygwf 0-5 wpfckcsif;pDtwGuf
rnfodkYjcm;em;aMumif; (ykHoP²mefESifh ta&mifrsm;)
azmfjyay;onfh tnTef;udef;wpfck vdktyfygonf/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tdrf&SdvQyfppfypönf;rsm;
BudrfEIef;jyZ,m;rS ar;cGef; (1) udk Munfh½I&rnf/
• txufyga'wmrsm;udk tokH;jyKNyD; tdrfwGif&Sdaom
tdwfaqmifuGefysLwm ta&twGufudk azmfjyonfh
bm;csyfwpfckudk ausmif;om;rsm;u a&;qGJ&rnf/
tajz
2/ ausmif;om;rsm; tdrf&SdvQyfppfypönf;rsm; BudrfEIef;jy
Z,m;rS ar;cGef; (2) udk Munfh½I&rnf/
• txufyg a'wmrsm;udk tokH;jyKNyD; tdrfwGif&Sdaom
tdwfaqmifuGefysLwmESifh vufudkifzkef; ta&twGufudk
azmfjyonfh bm;csyfwpfckudk ausmif;om;rsm;u
a&;qGJ&rnf/
rSwfcsuf - vdktyfygu X 0if½dk;ay:&Sd bm;csyfESpfcktwGuf
(vlta&twGufBudrfEIef;ESifh zkef;&Sdonfhvlta&twGuf
BudrfEIef;) rwljcm;em;onfh ykHoP²mef? ta&mif (odkY)
erlem ykHpHwdkYudk tokH;jyK&ef tBuHjyKay;yg (atmufwGif
ay;xm;aom bm;csyfxJ&Sd rwlnDonfh tjyma&mif
bm;wdkifrsm;udkMunfhyg)/
tajz
3/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh wGJzuf\ um;csyfrsm;udk
tjyeftvSef ppfaq;&rnf/
• ¤if;wdkY wGJzuf\ um;csyfxJwGif acgif;pOfwpfck?
wefzdk;rsm;? X 0if½dk;ESifh Y 0if½dk;udk rSefuefpGm
trnfay;xm;jcif;&Sd^r&SdESifh um;csyfxJwGif a'wmrsm;udk
rSefuefpGm azmfjyxm;jcif;&Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;&rnf/
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u rnfonfh xkwfjyefcsufrsm;onf
rSefuefMuaMumif; cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
tajz
2
avhusifhcef;
rSwfcsuf - puf0dkif;um;csyfwpfckay:wGif rwlnDonfh
a'wmpkESpfrsdK;udk azmfjy&efcufcJygonf/ xdkodkY
cufcJonfh twGufaMumifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef; (2)
(vufudkifzkef;rsm;) a'wmrsm;udkom azmfjyMuygonf/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tdrf&SdvQyfppfypönf;rsm; BudrfEIef;jy
Z,m;rS ar;cGef; (2) ay: tajccHí puf0dkif;um;csyfwpfck
a&;qGJ&rnf/
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u rdrdwdkY
wGJzuf\ um;csyfrsm;udk ppfaq;&rnf/
• wGJzuf\ um;csyfwGif acgif;pOfwpfck? wefzdk;ESifh
rSefuefaoma'wmrsm; xnfhoGif;xm;jcif;&Sd^r&Sd
ppfaq;&rnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 120 -
tajz
vkyfief;pOf - ta&twGufpHjyK a'wmrsm;jzifh
twlvkyfudkifjcif;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u ppfwrf;vTmESifh jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd
aomufokH;a& jyóemqdkif&m a'wmZ,m;udk
Munfh½I&rnf/
1/ wpfOD;csif;pD odkYr[kwf ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ odkYr[kwf
tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk
ajzqdk&rnf/
tajzrsm;
(u) ar;cGef; (4) onf udef;*Pef;qdkif&m ar;cGef;jzpfNyD;
ar;cGef; 1? 2? 3? 5 ESifh 6 wdkYonf trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m
a'wmrsm;jzpfMuonf/
(c) 2
(*) 25%
(C) Al;rsm;
rSwfcsuf - touft&G,frsm;udk (ar;cGef; 1) eHygwfrsm;
tjzpf azmfjycJhaomfvnf; þOyrmwGif ¤if;wdkYonf
trsdK;tpm; qdkif&m a'wmrsm;jzpfMuonf/ tb,faMumifh
qdkaomf touft&G,frsm;udk rwlnDonfh trsdK;tpm; 5 ck
tjzpf zGJUpnf;owfrSwfxm;onfh twGufaMumifhjzpfonf/
2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tpD&ifcHpmwrf;udk zwf½I&rnf/
• xdkYaemuf uGufvyfrsm;wGif oifhawmfaom
pum;vkH;rsm;udk jznfhpGuf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
(u) &Spf
(c) pdppfa&G;cs,ferlem
(*) udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;&Sdonf
(C) 75%
(i) aus;vufa'o
3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u pmrsufESm 121 &Sd um;csyf
wpfckcsif;pDwGif rnfonfht&mrsm;udk azmfjyxm;aMumif;
qkH;jzwf&rnf/
jzpfEfdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
(u) bm;csyfwGif a'ocHrsm;\ aomufokH;a& &if;jrpf
wnfae&mrsm;\ BudrfEIef;rsm;udk azmfjyxm;onf/
(c) puf0dkif;um;csyfwGif oefY&Sif;aom aomufokH;a&
tvG,fwul&&Sdonfh (odkYr[kwf) r&&Sdonfh vlOD;a&
&mcdkifEIef;udk azmfjyxm;onf/ ¤if;um;csyfwGif
vlOD;a&\ 75% onf aeYpOfb0wGif oefY&Sif;aom
aomufokH;a&udk r&&SdMuaMumif; azmfjyaeygonf/
4/ 1/ r&&Sdyg/
2/ &&SdokH;pGJEdkifygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 122 -
vkyfief;pOf - ta&twGufpHjyKa'wmrsm;udk
aumuf,lNyD; cGJjcrf;pdppfyg
rSwfcsuf - ausmif;om;rsm;u &yf&GmvlxkxHrS
rwljcm;em;aom tajzrsm;udk &&SdEdkifonfhtwGuf
aomufokH;a& jyóemqdkif&m &yf&Gmppfwrf;udk tdrfpm
tjzpf wm0efay;vQif ydkrdkvG,fulEdkifygonf/
1/ wpfOD;csif;pDtvdkuf ausmif;om;rsm;u aomufokH;a&
jyóemqdkif&m &yf&Gmppfwrf;udk vl 4 OD;tm; ajzqdk&ef
awmif;qdkNyD; ¤if;wdkY\ tajzrsm;udk rSwfwrf;wifxm;
&rnf/
• ¤if;tajzrsm;udk a'wmZ,m;xJwGif jznfhpGuf&rnf/
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ a'wmrsm;udk
aygif;pnf;&rnf/
• ¤if;wdkYu ajzMum;ol 8 OD;? 12 OD;? 16 OD; (odkY) 20 OD;
twGuf a'wmZ,m;a&;qGJí a'wmrsm;tm;vkH;udk
Z,m;xJwGif jznfhpGuf&rnf/
3/ tzGJUrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\&v'frsm;udk bm;csyfwpfckESifh
puf0dkif; um;csyfwpfckwGif xnfhoGif;azmfjy&rnf/
4/ ¤if;wdkY\ um;csyfrsm;udk eH&Hay:wGif uyfxm;&rnf/
• xdkYaemuf tcef;wpf0dkuf vrf;avQmufNyD; tjcm;
tzGJUrsm;\ um;csyfrsm;udk Munfh½I&rnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 123 -
rSwfcsuf - Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) uGefysLwm y½dk*&rfwGif&Sdaom
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;rSm oifMum;&mwGif
a&G;cs,fEdkifonfh t&mwpfckjzpfygonf/ ¤if;y½dk*&rfudk
a'wmcGJjcrf;pdppf&mwGif taxmuftultjzpf ynma&;ESifh
vlrIa&; odyÜHavhvmrIwdkYwGif tokH;jyKygonf/
¤if;y½dk*&rfudk ykHrSeftm;jzifh tawGUtBuHK&Sdaom
okawoDrsm;u tokH;jyKMuygonf/ xdkYaMumifh oif\
ausmif;om;rsm;onf okawoepGrf;&nfrsm;udk ,ckrS
pwifoif,laeMuolrsm; jzpfygu þy½dk*&rfonf
¤if;wdkYtwGuf odyfNyD;tokH;0ifvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/
SPSS ESifh spreadsheet (Oyrm - excel) y½dk*&rf
ESpfckpvkH;onf ta&twGufpHjyK cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;twGuf
tokH;0ifEdkifNyD; ¤if;wdkYESpfckpvkH;wGif tm;omcsufESifh
tm;enf;csufrsm; &SdMuygonf/ a,bk,stm;jzifhqdk&vQif SPSS y½dk*&rfudk rsm;jym;NyD; ½IyfaxG;aom a'wmrsm;tm;
cGJjcrf;pdppf&mwGif ydkrdktokH;wnfhaom y½dk*&rftjzpf
owfrSwfxm;Muonf/ odkYaomf ¤if;y½dk*&rftm;
tokH;jyKenf;udk oif,l&efcufcJEdkifygonf/ tajccH
udef;*Pef; qdkif&m cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;twGuf? Excel y½dk*&rfonf tokH;jyK&ef vG,fulvsifjrefrI&SdNyD; vltrsm;
taejzifhvnf; ¤if;wdkY\ uGefysLwmwGif Microsoft Office suite \ wpfpdwfwpfydkif;taejzifh &SdESifhNyD;om;
jzpfygonf/
jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf
• ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufudk zwf½I&rnf/
• xdkYaemuf ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ SPSS onf a'wmrsm;udk vsifjrefrI&SdNyD; wduspGm
cGJjcrf;pdppf&ef twGuf tokH;jyKonfh uGefysLwm
y½dk*&rfwpfckjzpfonf/
2/ um;csyfrsm;ESifh Z,m;rsm;
3/ SPSS onf a'wmrsm;pGm aumuf,l&onfh pDrHudef;rsm;
twGuf tokH;0ifEdkifygonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
¤if;udk tokH;jyKjcif;jzifh udef;*Pef;qdkif&m cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;
ESifh okawoeudk &Sif;vif;azmfjy&eftwGuf
um;csyfrsm;ESifh Z,m;rsm;a&;qGJ&mwGif vsifjrefpGm
aqmif&GufEdkifaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 124 -
oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - um;csyfrsm;ESifh
Z,m;rsm;
rSwfcsuf - þvkyfief;onf ausmif;om;rsm;udk
okawoe pDrHudef;wpfcktm; tprStqkH;xd jyifqif
zefwD;NyD; vufawGUvkyfaqmifap&ef 'DZdkif;a&;qGJxm;onfh
]oifwdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS 13 ck
ajrmufjzpfonf/
¤if;onf ]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief;rsm;
tm;vkH;twGuf acgif;pOfwpfckwnf;udkom
awmufavQmuf tokH;jyKoGm;rnf qdkygu xda&mufrI&SdEdkif
ygonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;vkyfief;rsm;udk
vkyfaqmifaecsdefwGif ¤if;wdkYa&G;cs,fxm;aom ,cif
okawoeacgif;pOfrsm; odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;rsm;onf
vufawGUusrIr&Sdawmhjcif;? pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdjcif;
odkYr[kwf tokH;0ifrIr&Sdjcif;wdkYudk awGUjrifvmEdkifonf
odkYr[kwf tjcm;acgif;pOf odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;udk
ydkrdkpdwf0ifpm;vmEdkifygonf/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u bm;csyfrsm;ESifh Z,m;rsm;onf
¤if;wdkY\ okawoe &SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk wifquf&ef
oifhawmfrI &Sd^r&Sd qkH;jzwf&rnf/
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u bm;csyfrsm;ESifh
Z,m;rsm;udk ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;xJwGif rnfodkY
tokH;jyKoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; aqG;aEG;&rnf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ udef;*Pef;tcsuftvuf a'wmrsm;ESifhtwl - a'wmpk
wpfpk &SdonfhtcgwGif/
2/ trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m a'wmrsm;ESifhtwl - tpktzGJUrsm;
tMum; EIdif;,SOfvdkonfhtcg oifha'wmrsm;\
erlemykHpHudk jrifEdkifonfhykHpHrsm;jzifh azmfjyvdkonfhtcg/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 126 -
9.1 t&nftaoG;pHjyK
a'wmrsm;udk
cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfudk zwf½INyD;
vlawGUar;jref;jcif; NyD;qkH;oGm;onfhaemufwGif xyfrH
vkyfaqmifEdkifajc&Sdaom okawoetqifhrsm;udk
aqG;aEG;&rnf/
• ausmif;om;rsm;\ tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif
a&;csyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
- a'wmaumuf,lNyD;oGm;onfhtcgwGif rSwfpkwdkrsm;
tm;vkH; pkpnf;yg/
- vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;wGif ajymMum;vmonfh
taMumif;t&mrsm;xJrS ykHpHwlerlemrsm;udk &SmazGyg/
- a'wmrsm;u okawoe ar;cGef;rsm;udk rnfodkY
ajzMum;MuaMumif; avhvmyg/
- t"du&SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm; yg0ifonfh okawoe
tpD&ifcHpmwrf;wpfckudk rlMurf;a&;om;yg/
- &SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk okawoear;cGef;ESifh
wdkufqdkifppfaq;yg/
- okawoewGif yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;xHrS
&SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; tBuHjyKcsufrsm;
awmif;cHyg/
- yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;\ tBuHjyKcsufrsm;udk
tpD&ifcHpmwrf;xJwGif xnfhoGif;azmfjyyg/
- tpD&ifcHpmwrf;udk tNyD;owfa&;yg/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 127 -
vkyfief;pOf - EIdif;,SOfcGJjcm; azmfxkwfyg
• ausmif;om;rsm;u t&nftaoG;pHjyK a'wmrsm;udk
cGJjcrf;pdppfonfh tqifhrsm;udk zwf½Iyg/ xdkYaemuf
pmrsufESm 109 &Sd ta&twGufpHjyK a'wmrsm;udk
cGJjcrf;pdppfonfh tqifhrsm;ESifh EIdif;,SOfMunfh&rnf/
• tzGJUi,frsm; odkYr[kwf wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u qifwlnDcsufrsm;ESifh
uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrsm;udk pm&if;jyKpk&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
qifwlnDcsufrsm;
- enf;vrf;ESpfckpvkH;wGif t"dutqifhBuD; 3 qifh
&Sdygonf/
- enf;vrf;ESpfckpvkH;wGif a'wmrsm;udk pkpnf;jcif;
yg0ifonf/
- ESpfckpvkH;wGif oauFwa&;om;owfrSwfjcif;
yg0ifonf/
- ESpfckpvkH;wGif a'wmrsm;twGif; qifwlnDcsufrsm;
ESifh uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrsm;udk &SmazGjcif;ESifh
qufET,frIrsm;udk &SmazGjcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/
- ed*kH;csKyfaumufcsufrsm;onf okawoe ar;cGef;jzifh
csdwfqufrI &Sdoifhygonf/
uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrsm;
- ta&twGufpHjyK cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;wGif &Sif;vif;azmfjy
ay;aom udef;*Pef;a'wmrsm;? um;csyfrsm;ESifh
Z,m;rsm; zefwD;a&;qGJjcif; yg0ifonf/
t&nftaoG;pHjyK cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;wGif
vlawGUar;jref;jcif; rSwfwrf;rsm;udk ul;,la&;csjcif;
yg0ifEdkifonf/
- ta&twGufpHjyKa'wmrsm;&Sd udef;*Pef;rsm;ESifh
EIdif;,SOfMunfhvQif t&nftaoG;pHjyK cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;ü
pmom;rsm;twGif; ykHpHwlerlemrsm; (acgif;pOfrsm;) udk
&SmazGjcif; yg0ifonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 128 -
vkyfief;pOf - pmydk'frsm;ESifh oauFwrsm;udk wGJpyfyg
1/ wpfOD;csif;pD odkYr[kwf ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ odkYr[kwf
tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ajzMum;csufrsm;
(i-vii) udk oauFwrsm; (u-p) wdkYjzifh wGJpyf&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
i. u? C? i
ii. u
iii. c? *
iv. u? c? C
v. u
vi. c? C? i
vii. c? i
2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tqdkyg vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;xJwGif
razmfjycJhaom oauFwrsm;udk cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
tajz
(p) EdkifiHa&;
3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u vlawGUar;jref;jcif; ajzMum;csufrsm;
xJrS jzpfEdkifajc&Sdonfh oauFwtopfrsm;udk
cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
ii. ESifh iii. oauFwtopf - ]usef;rma&;}
iv. ESifh vii. oauFwtopf - ]a&TUajymif;vkyfudkifjcif;jzifh
rdom;pktm; ulnDyHhydk;ay;jcif;}
4/ tu,fí okawoe pDrHudef;onf ]vli,frsm;taejzifh
¤if;wdkY\tvkyfwGif rnfonfht&mrsm;udk vdkcsifMu
oenf;} [líjzpfygu rnfonfhoauFwrsm;u
qifwlnDrI &SdEdkifNyD; odkYr[kwf rnfonfhoauFwrsm;u
uGJjym;jcm;em;EdkifaMumif;udk wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh
aqG;aEG;&rnf/ txufygar;cGef;twGuf xyfrH
aygif;xnfhEdkifrnfh odkYr[kwf ajymif;vJEdkifrnfh
tjcm;aom oauFwrsm;udk pOf;pm;Munfh&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
- ]aiGaMu;} ESifh ]tvkyftawGUtBuHK} wdkYonf
qufET,frI&SdEdkifygonf/
- ]uRrf;usifwwfajrmufrI r&Sdjcif;} udkvnf;
]uRrf;usifrIrsm;} tjzpf ajymif;vJEdkifonf/
- ]c&D;oGm;vdkpdwf&Sdjcif;} udkvnf; ]c&D;oGm;jcif;} tjzpf
ajymif;vJEdkifonf/
- ausmif;om;rsm;taejzifh ]oifwef;tcGifhtvrf;rsm;}
odkYr[kwf vli,frsm;u tvkyfwpfckrS &&Sdvdkonfh
tjcm;aom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk oauFwtopfrsm;
tjzpf xyfrHaygif;xnfhEdkifygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 130 -
vkyfief;pOf - vlawGUar;jref;jcif; ajzMum;csufrsm;udk
oauFwa&;om;jcif;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u vlawGUar;jref;jcif;
ajzMum;csufrsm;udk zwf½I&rnf/
1/ xdkYaemuf rnfonfhajzMum;csufrsm;onf oauFw ]u}
ESifh ]c} wdkYjzifh wGJpyfEdkifaMumif; cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
(u) yg0ifajzMum;ol (1) - ][mo½kyf&SifZmwfum;rsm;}
yg0ifajzMum;ol (2) - ]ZmwfMurf;½kyf&Sifum;rsm;}
yg0ifajzMum;ol (3) - ]tdE´d, Zmwfum;rsm;}
yg0ifajzMum;ol (4) - ]vQdKU0Sufqef;Mu,f
½kyf&Sifum;rsm;}
(c) yg0ifajzMum;ol (1) - ]wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; tjyeftvSef
Muifemaz;rMuyg/}
yg0ifajzMum;ol (2) - ]vlaumif;u &JpGrf;owåd&SdNyD;
oefrmí vlqdk;rsm;u raumif;rI'kp½dkufrsm;udk
vkyfaqmifMuonf/}
yg0ifajzMum;ol (3) - ]rdom;pkESifh cspfjcif;arwåm}
yg0ifajzMum;ol (4) - ]vlrsm;\awG;ac:rIykHpHudk
a0zefydkif;jcm;pOf;pm;NyD; em;vnfatmifBudK;pm;jcif;}
2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u vlawGUar;jref;csufrsm;udk zwf½INyD;
xyfrHxGufay:vmEdkifajc&Sdaom oauFwtopfrsm;udk
cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
• þae&mwGif ausmif;om;rsm;u rnfonfh
oauFwrsm;udk xGufay:vmEdkifajc&Sdaom
oauFwtjzpf owfrSwfxm;aMumif;udk
wpfwef;vkH;ESifhtwl ppfaq;ay;Edkifonf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
(*) cHpm;csufrsm;
(C) Zmwfaumifrsm;
3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u xGufay:vmEdkifajc&Sdaom
oauFwrsm;udk vlawGUar;jref;jcif; ajzMum;csuf
pmom;rsm; (pum;vkH;rsm; (odkY) pum;pkrsm;) \
tpdwftydkif;rsm;jzifh wGJpyf&rnf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf
0guswpfaMumif;vkH; r[kwfbJ 0guswpfaMumif;\
tpdwftydkif;rsm; (pum;vHk;rsm;? pum;pkrsm;) xJrS
oauFwrsm;udkom cGJjcm;azmfxkwfjcif; jzpfap&ef
ppfaq;ay;yg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
(*) yg0ifajzMum;ol (1) - ]uREkfyfudk aysmf&Tifapygonf}
yg0ifajzMum;ol (2) - ]&JpGrf;owåd&SdNyD; oefrmvm
onf[k cHpm;&rdonf}
yg0ifajzMum;ol (3) - ]aw;*DwESifh tuudk
BudKufESpfoufygonf}
yg0ifajzMum;ol (4) - ]pdwfvIyf&Sm;zG,faumif;onf}
(C) yg0ifajzMum;ol (1) - ]aygaMumifaMumif
Zmwfaumifrsm;}
yg0ifajzMum;ol (2) - ]vlaumif;}? ]vlqdk;}
yg0ifajzMum;ol (3) - ]qif;&Jonfh rdom;pkrS
wpfpkHwpfa,mufESifh csrf;omonfh rdom;pkwpfpkrS
wpfpkHwpfa,muf}
yg0ifajzMum;ol (4) - ]'kp½dkufrI usL;vGefcJhol}
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 132 -
jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf
• ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufudk zwf½I&rnf/
• xdkYaemuf ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ xdkif;-jrefrm e,fpyfa'owGif aexdkifMuaom
udk,f0efaqmif a&TUajymif;vkyfom;rsm;ESifh 'ku©onfrsm;u
pdwfusef;rma&;ESifh ywfoufNyD; rnfonfht&mrsm;udk
od&Sdxm;Muoenf;/
2/ pdwfa&m*gvu©Pmrsm;? pdwfa&m*gjzpfyGm;aponfh
taMumif;t&mrsm;? udk,fhudk,fudk,f
aoaMumif;BuHpDrIrsm;? udk,f0efaqmifumv
pdwfa&m*gESifh pdwfa&m*gpDrHxdef;csKyfjcif;/
3/ rdom;pkESifh tdrfaxmifzufxHrS yHhydk;rI? txD;usefjcif;ESifh
oD;jcm;jzpfaeonfh cHpm;csufrsm;/
4/ okawoDrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ &v'frsm;wlnDrI&Sd^r&Sd
od&SdvdkaomaMumifh wpfOD;pD oD;jcm;okawoe
jyKpkcJhMuonf (½IaxmifhpkH ppfaq;csuf[lívnf;
od&Sdxm; ygonf)/ þenf;jzifh okawoe
&SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;\ ,kHMunfvufcHEdkifpGrf;udkvnf;
jrifhwufap ygonf/ (tcef; 2? pmrsufESm 38-39 wGif
Munfhyg/)
5/ a'wmrsm;udk ul;,la&;csyg/ aeYpGJrsm;udk jyifqif
zGJUpnf;yg? a'wmtrnfrsm;? a'wmoauFw a&;om;
owfrSwfyg? acgif;pOfrsm;udk cGJjcm;azmfxkwfyg?
ed*kH;csKyf aumufcsufrsm; a&;om;yg? oif\ ed*kH;csKyf
aumufcsufrsm;onf okawoe ar;cGef;rsm;ESifh
csdwfqufrI&Sdap&ef *½kpdkufyg/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 133 -
rSwfcsuf - NVivo onf t&nftaoG;pHjyK a'wmrsm;
cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;twGuf tokH;jyKonfh y½dk*&rfrsm;pGmxJrS
wpfckjzpfonf/ tokH;jyKolrsm;u ¤if;y½dk*&rfrsm;tm;
tokH;jyKenf;udk vufawGUvkyfudkifjcif; odkYr[kwf
vkyfief;cGif wpfckwGif oif,lavhvmjcif;rSwpfqifh
ykHrSeftm;jzifh wuúodkvfwGif oif,lcJhMuygonf/
okawoD wpfOD;u a'wmrsm;pGmudk cGJjcrf;pdppf&ygu
¤if;y½dk*&rfonf txl;tokH;0ifygonf/
SPSS uJhodkYyif NVivo onfvnf; tokH;jyK&ef
cufcJEdkifNyD; a'wmrsm;pGmyg0ifonfh tBuD;pm;okawoe
pDrHudef;rsm;wGifom rMumcPtokH;jyKMuygonf/
,ckrSpwifrnfh okawoDtopfrsm;twGuf
pmom;rsm;udk oauFwa&;om;owfrSwf&ef ¤if;wdkYESifh
&if;ESD;rI&Sdaom word processing programs odkYr[kwf
vufa&; rSwfpkwdkrsm; ponfh enf;vrf;rsm;udkom
tokH;jyKoifhygonf/
1/ t&nftaoG;pHjyK a'wmcGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;twGuf
uGefysLwm y½dk*&rfwpfck/
2/ ¤if;y½dk*&rfonf t&nftaoG;pHjyK a'wmrsm;pGmudk
(pmom;rsm;? "mwfykHrsm; (odkY) ADG'D,dk)
vrf;aMumif;ay;jcif;? trsdK;tpm;cGJjcm;ay;jcif;ESifh
oauFwrsm; owfrSwfay;jcif;wdkY vsifjrefpGm
vkyfaqmifay;Edkifonf/
3/ zGJUpnf;&ef? oauFwowfrSwf&efESifh cGJjcrf;pdppf&ef
vdktyfonfh pmom;rsm; (pum;vkH;)? "mwfykHrsm; odkYr[kwf
toHzdkifrsm; rsm;pGmyg0ifonfh pDrHudef;wpfckjzpfonf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;taejzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajz
pm&Gufydkif;wpfckay:wGif oauFwrsm;udk a&;csyg/
xdkYaemuf oauFwrsm;ab;wGif ¤if;wdkYESifh
qufET,fonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk wpfpkHwpfa,mufu
ajymMum;cJhonfh toHzdkifxJrS puúefYESifh rdepfwdkYudk
a&;csyg/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 134 -
9.2 acgif;pOftaMumif;t&m
cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\
tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;u oif\a'wmxJwGif
xyfwvJvJ jzpfay:aeaom t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;udk
cGJjcm;azmfxkwfay;NyD; okawoear;cGef;rsm;udk
ajzqdk&mwGif taxmuftulay;ygonf/
2/ acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;onf oauFwrsm;xuf
ydkrdkus,fjyefYNyD; oauFwrsm;udk twlwuG pkpnf;Edkif&ef
tcGifhta&;ay;ygonf/
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u oauFwrsm;ESifh acgif;pOf
taMumif;t&mrsm; (u-C) udk Z,m;xJ&Sd
uGufvyfrsm;wGif (1-4) jznfhpGuf&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ (C)
2/ (c)
3/ (u)
4/ (*)
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 135 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u vlawGUar;jref;jcif;\
tpdwftydkif;rsm; (1-8) udk acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;
toGifodkY trsdK;tpm;cGJjcm;&rnf/
tajzrsm;
uav;jyKpkysdK;axmifjcif; - 1? 5
0ifaiGvnfywfpD;qif;rI - 2? 3? 6? 8
tBuHÓPfrsm; - 4? 7
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 136 -
vkyfief;pOf - acgif;pOftaMumif;t&m cGJjcrf;pdppfcsuf
rSwfcsuf - acgif;pOftaMumif;t&m cGJjcrf;pdppfonfh
tcgwGif acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh oauFwrsm;udk
ydkif;jcm;&ef cufcJEdkifygonf/ tu,fí xGufay:vmonfh
oauFwrsm;ESifh acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;udk
trsdK;tpm; cGJjcm;onfhtcgwGif acgif;pOftaMumif;t&m
tjzpf owfrSwf&ef vkHavmufaom us,fjyefYrI
odkYr[kwf oauFwtjzpfowfrSwf&ef vkHavmufaom
wdusrI &Sd^r&Sd raocsmonfhtcgwGif txl;ojzifh
cufcJygonf/ ,ckrSpwifrnfh okawoDtopfrsm;twGuf
wduspGm rSefuefrI&Sd&ef ta&;rBuD;yg/ tawGUtBuHKrsm;
vmonfESifhtrQ ydkrdkvG,fulvmygvdrfhrnf/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoear;cGef;ESifh vlawGU
ar;jref;jcif;rsm;rS qGJxkwfxm;aom pmydk'f 3 ydk'fudk
zwf½I&rnf/
1/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;xJrS
&SdNyD;om; oauFwrsm;jzpfonfh ]ydk;rTm;rsm;}? ]rdk;&GmoGef;rI
rsm;jym;jcif;}? ]a&m*grsm;} wpfckcsif;pDESifh qufET,frI
&SdEdkifajc&Sdaom tjcm;oauFwrsm; (u-*) wdkYudk
cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u þtqifhwGif tcufawGUaeygu
tjcm;oauFw^rsm;udk azmfjyay;yg/ pmydk'f (u) twGuf
ydk;rTm;rsm;qdkonfh oauFwudk tokH;jyKrnfqdkygu
¤if;oauFwonf &SdESifhNyD;om; acgif;pOftaMumif;t&m
]wd&pämefrsm;} atmufwGif tusHK;0if&rnf/ Oyrm
- ajzMum;olESpfOD;u MuufESifh ywfoufonfh
jyóemrsm;udk azmfjycJhMuonf/ pmydk'f ]c} ESifh ]*}
twGuf ¤if;wdkYa&G;cs,faom oauFwrsm;onf ydkNyD;
us,fjyefYonfh acgif;pOftaMumif;t&m ]C} ESifh ]i} wdkY
atmufwGif tusHK;0ifoifhayonf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
(u) Muuf? Muufom;teHY? wd&pämefrsm;udk owfjzwfjcif;
(c) a&Ekwfajrmif;rsm; ydwfqdkYjcif;? a&ajrmif;xJ&Sd
trIdufrsm;? raumif;aom a&Ekwfajrmif;pepf
(*) 0rf;ysuf0rf;avQma&m*g? zsm;emjcif;? npfnrf;aom
a&aMumifh zsm;emjcif;
2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY cGJjcm;azmfxkwfcJhonfh
oauFwrsm;udk yxraumfvHwGif xnfhoGif;Edkifrnfh
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom acgif;pOftaMumif;t&m (C
ESifh i) wdkYudk cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/ yxrqkH;
acgif;pOf taMumif;t&m ]wd&pämefrsm;} udk erlem
azmfjyxm;NyD;jzpfonfhtwGuf ]ydk;rTm;rsm;} ESifh Muuf?
Muufom; teHY? wd&pämefrsm;udk owfjzwfjcif; tp&Sdonfh
qufET,faeaom oauFwrsm;udk xnfhoGif;Edkifonfh
acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mudk &SmazGEdkifygonf/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;udk
cGJjcm;azmfxkwfNyD;onfhtcgwGif ¤if;wdkY\ acgif;pOf
taMumif;t&mrsm;onf ao;i,faom oauFwrsm;
taejzifh tusHK;0ifaom acgif;pOfBuD;rsm; (txufwGif
azmfjycJhonfh jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;wGif
tBuHjyKcJhonfh twdkif;) [kwf^r[kwf ppfaq;&ef
wdkufwGef;ay;yg/ Oyrm - ]rdk;&GmoGef;rIrsm;jym;jcif;}
ESifh ]a&Ekwfajrmif;rsm; ydwfqdkYjcif;} qdkonfh
oauFwrsm;onf acgif;pOfBuD;jzpfonfh
a&BuD;jcif;atmufwGif tusHK;0ifygonf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajz
(C) a&BuD;jcif;? a&rsufESmjyif jrifhwufjcif;?
a&BuD;a&vQHjcif;aMumifh a&m*grsm; ul;pufjcif;/
(i) usef;rma&;? usef;rma&;jyóemrsm;? rusef;rmaom
tajctaersm;/
3/ tzGJUrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;
(p ESifh q) ESifh ¤if;acgif;pOfrsm;wGif tusHK;0ifaom
oauFwrsm;twGuf twdkcsHK; tESpfcsKyfrsm; a&;om;&rnf
(wd&pämefrsm; acgif;pOf\ tESpfcsKyfudk Oyrmwpfck
taejzifhMunfhyg)/
4/ tzGJUrsm;u tjcm;tzGJUwpfzGJUESifh aygif;pnf;NyD;
¤if;wdkYa&G;cs,fxm;aom acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;udk
aqG;aEG;&rnf/ ¤if;wdkY\ tESpfcsKyfrsm;udk wpfzGJUESifh
wpfzGJU tjyeftvSef zvS,frQa0NyD; tBuHjyKcsufrsm;
ajymMum;ay;&rnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 137 -
tydkaqmif;vkyfief; - a'wmrsm; aumuf,lNyD;
acgif;pOf taMumif;t&mrsm; zefwD;a&;om;yg/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u atmufygar;cGef;udk vl 5 OD;tm;
ar;jref;í tajzrsm;udk toHoGif;xm;yg/
]pmoifausmif;rsm;onf ausmif;om;rsm;\
oif,lavhvmrIudk ydkrdkaumif;rGefatmif rnfodkY
yHhydk;ay;Edkifyg oenf;/}
2/ ar;cGef;twGuf tajzrsm;udk oauFwrsm;ESifh
acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm; azmfxkwfa&;om;&rnf/
3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;\
tESpfcsKyfrsm;ESifh acgif;pOfwpfckcsif;pDESifh
ywfoufonfh t"dutcsufrsm;udk a&;om;&rnf/
ausmif;om;rsm;u oauFwrsm;ESifh acgif;pOf
taMumif;t&m wdkYESifh ywfoufNyD; pwifEdkifatmif
ulnDay;&ef twGuf jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom oauFwwpfckrSm
]&if;jrpfrsm;} jzpfNyD; jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom acgif;pOf
taMumif;t&m wpfckrSm ]pmoifcef;jyifyvkyfief;rsm;} [k
ausmif;om;rsm;udk tBuHjyKay;yg/
tBuHjyKay;aom oauFwESifh acgif;pOftaMumif;t&m
tjyif ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ vlawGUar;jref;jcif;
a'wmrsm;udk cGJjcrf;pdppfonfhtcgwGif tjcm;
oauFwrsm;ESifh acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;udkvnf;
qkH;jzwfa&G;cs,f&ef vdktyfygonf/
vufawGUvkyfief;\ vlawGUar;jref;jcif;
tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk pmoifcef;twGif; (ausmif;om;rsm;
tjyeftvSef ar;jref;jcif;) odkYr[kwf pmoifcef;jyify
(rdwfaqGrsm;? rdom;pk odkYr[kwf &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;udk
ar;jref;jcif;) ü vkyfaqmifEdkifygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 138 -
oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - acgif;pOf
taMumif;t&mrsm;
rSwfcsuf - þvkyfief;onf ausmif;om;rsm;udk
okawoe pDrHudef;wpfcktm; tprStqkH;xd jyifqif
zefwD;NyD; vufawGUvkyfaqmifap&ef 'DZdkif;a&;qGJxm;onfh
]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS 14 ck
ajrmufjzpfonf/
¤if;onf ]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief;rsm;
tm;vkH;twGuf acgif;pOfwpfckwnf;udkom
awmufavQmuf tokH;jyKoGm;rnf qdkygu xda&mufrI
&SdEdkifygonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;vkyfief;rsm;
udk vkyfaqmifaecsdefwGif ¤if;wdkYa&G;cs,fxm;aom ,cif
okawoe acgif;pOfrsm; odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;rsm;onf
vufawGUusrI r&Sdawmhjcif;? pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdjcif;
odkYr[kwf tokH;0ifrIr&Sdjcif;wdkYudk awGUjrifvmEdkifonf
odkYr[kwf tjcm;acgif;pOf odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;udk
ydkrdkpdwf0ifpm;vmEdkifygonf/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u acgif;pOftaMumif;t&m cGJjcrf;
pdppfcsufonf ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;twGuf
oifhawmfrI &Sd^r&Sd aqG;aEG;&rnf/
2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;wGif
wifjyEdkifonfh acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;udk
cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
3/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u acgif;pOf
taMumif;t&m cGJjcrf;pdppfcsufonf ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe
pDrHudef;ESifh rnfodkY qufET,frI&SdaMumif; aqG;aEG;&rnf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
- acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mwpfckESifh oauFwwpfck
wdkYudk cGJjcm;od&Sd&ef cufcJEdkifygonf/
- vlrsm;ajymonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk
em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;ESifh qufET,frI&Sdaom
acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;udk cGJjcm;azmfxkwfjcif;/
- pmydk'fwpfydk'fudk rnfonfhoauFwjzifh
csdwfqufrnfudk qkH;jzwfjcif;/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 140 -
10.1 okawoe yHkMurf;
azmfjycsufrsm;
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\
tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
tokH;jyKcJhonfh enf;vrf;rsm;? okawoecsOf;uyfrI?
usifh0wfrsm;ESifh t"du&SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;qdkif&m
tao;pdwfazmfjycsufrsm;/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 142 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;wpfckcsif;pDtwGuf
taumif;qkH;tajzudk a&G;cs,f&rnf/
tajzrsm;
1/ (c)
2/ (u)
3/ (*)
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u 0gusrsm;udk okawoetpD&ifcHpm
yHkMurf;azmfjycsufrsm;\ tpdwftydkif;rsm;xJwGif
(tBudKrdwfquf? aemufcHtaMumif;t&m? enf;vrf;rsm;?
&v'frsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;csuf) oifhawmfaom
tpOfvdkufowfrSwfyg/
rSwfcsuf - atmufwGifjyxm;onfh tpOfESifh
rwljcm;em;onfh ykHpHjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u 0gusrsm;udk
owfrSwfEdkifonf/ ta&;BuD;onfhtcsufrSm 0gusrsm;udk
okawoe tMurf;zsif;azmfjycsuf\ oifhawmf&m
tpdwftydkif;xJwGif xnfhoGif;Edkif&efjzpfonf/ Oyrm -
tBudKrdwfquf? aemufcHtaMumif;t&m? enf;vrf;rsm;?
&v'frsm;? aqG;aEG;csuf/
tajzrsm;
tBudKrdwfquf
1/ ps
2/ #
aemufcHtaMumif;t&m
3/ Z
4/ X
5/ i
enf;vrf;rsm;
6/ C
7/ u
8/ q
&v'frsm;
9/ n
10/ c
11/ ¡
aqG;aEG;csuf
12/ p
13/ !
14/ *
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 143 -
oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - yHkMurf;azmfjycsuf
rSwfcsuf - þvkyfief;onf ausmif;om;rsm;udk
okawoe pDrHudef;wpfcktm; tprStqkH;xd jyifqif
zefwD;NyD; vufawGUvkyfaqmifap&ef 'DZdkif;a&;qGJxm;onfh
]oifwdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS 15 ck
ajrmufjzpfonf/
¤if;onf ]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief;rsm;
tm;vkH; twGuf acgif;pOfwpfckwnf;udkom
awmufavQmuf tokH;jyKoGm;rnf qdkygu xda&mufrI&SdEdkif
ygonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;vkyfief;rsm;udk
vkyfaqmifaecsdefwGif ¤if;wdkYa&G;cs,fxm;aom ,cif
okawoe acgif;pOfrsm; odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;rsm;onf
vufawGUusrIr&Sdawmhjcif;? pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdjcif; odkYr[kwf
tokH;0ifrIr&Sdjcif;wdkYudk awGUjrifvmEdkifonf odkYr[kwf
tjcm;acgif;pOf odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;udk ydkrdkpdwf0ifpm;vm
Edkifygonf/
þtqifhwGif ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoe pDrHudef;
wpfckvkH;udk aqmif&GufNyD;pD;rI &SdcsifrS&Sdrnfjzpfonf/
okawoeyHkMurf;azmfjycsufxJwGif xnfhoGif;Edkifrnfh
,cif vkyfaqmifcJhaom ]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;}
vkyfief;rsm;rS &SdNyD;om; tcsuftvufrsm;udk pOf;pm;
Munfh&ef wdkufwGef;ajymMum;ay;yg/ Oyrm - acgif;pOf^
taMumif;t&m (odkY) jyóemESifh okawoear;cGef;(rsm;)
(tBudKrdwfquf)? ¤if;wdkY\ acgif;pOftwGuf
zwf½Iavhvm xm;onfh tcsuftvufrsm; (aemufcH
taMumif;t&m)? tokH;jyKoGm;rnfh enf;vrf;rsm;
(enf;vrf;rsm;)? udef;*Pef;a'wmrsm;
odkYr[kwf a'wmrsm;xJrS ykHpHwlerlemrsm; ponfh
&SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm; (&v'frsm;)? odkYr[kwf okawoe
aumuf,lcJhNyD;ygu ed*kH;csKyfaumufcsufrsm;
(aqG;aEG;csuf)/ okawoe rNyD;qkH;ao;ygu?
okawoe\ usef&Sdonfhtydkif;rsm; NyD;qkH;onfhtcsdeftxd
¤if;tydkif;rsm;udk qdkif;iHhxm;Edkifygonf/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;twGuf
okawoe yHkMurf;azmfjycsufrsm; a&;om;&rnf/
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;\ ¤if;wdkY\
yHkMurf;azmfjycsufrsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
- enf;vrf;rsm;tcef;wGif vQdKU0Sufxm;rIuJhodkYaom
usifh0wfrsm;/
- enf;vrf;rsm;tcef;wGif a'wmrsm;udk
cGJjcrf;pdppfonfhykHpH/
- &v'frsm;tcef;wGif Z,m;rsm;? um;csyfrsm;
odkYr[kwf *&yfrsm;/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 144 -
10.2 okawoepmwrf;
a&;om;jcif;ESifh
jyefvnfpdppfjcif;
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\
tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
- pmvkH;aygif;owfykHESifh o'´gtrSm;rsm;
- ta&;tom; zGJUpnf;rIykHpH
- &Sif;vif;rIr&Sdonfh t"duxifjrif,lqcsufrsm;
- xifjrif,lqcsufrsm; tvGefrsm;jym;jcif;
- xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;tMum; qufET,frI rjyEdkifjcif;
vkyfief;pOf - ppfaq;&ef pm&if;wpfck a&;qGJyg
• ausmif;om;rsm;u ppfaq;&efpm&if;udk zwf½I&rnf/
1/ wpfOD;csif;pDtvdkuf ausmif;om;rsm;u ppfaq;&ef
pm&if;wGif xyfrHa&;xnfhEdkifonfh tcsufESpfcsufudk
pOf;pm;Munfh&rnf/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ tpD&ifcHpmwrf;rsm;
wifjy&ef BudKwifjyifqifonfhtcgwGif rMumcP
arhavsmhwwfonfh tcsufrsm;udk cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/
2/ tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ppfaq;&efpm&if;wGif xyfrHaygif;xnfh
vdkufonfh ¤if;wdkY\ tcsufESpfcsufudk EIdif;,SOfMunfh
&rnf/
3/ xdkYaemuf tokH;0ifqHk; xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;tm;vkH;
twGuf ppfaq;&efpm&if;wpfckudk wpfzGJUvkH;taejzifh
a&;om;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
- pmrsufESm yg0if&rnf/
- aeYpGJyg0if&rnf/
- okawoetzGJU\ trnfrsm;udk a&;om;azmfjy&rnf/
- tpD&ifcHpmwrf;xJwGif udk;um;xm;onfh
aqmif;yg;rsm;? pmtkyfrsm;? 0ufbfqdk'frsm;
tp&Sdojzifh &if;jrpfrsm; pm&if;wpfck
(usrf;udk;pm&if;) yg0if&rnf/
- tokH;jyKonfh pmvkH; (azmifh) trsdK;tpm;ESifh
t&G,ftpm;wdkYonf wpforwfwnf;jzpf&rnf/
• qE´&Sdygu ppfaq;&ef pm&if;wpfckudk twef;vdkuf
a&;om;NyD; eH&Hay:wGif uyfxm;yg/
• ta&;BuD;onf[k xifygu wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh
ppfaq;&ef pm&if;xJ&Sd tcsufrsm;udk usdK;aMumif;
qDavsmfonfh tpOftwdkif; eHygwfpOftvdkuf a&;om;yg/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 145 -
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vHk; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ - oif\ ta&;tom;udk ppfaq;olwpfOD;&Sdygap/
- cPz,fxm;NyD; aemuf&ufvef;qef;aomtcg
wpfcgjyefMunfhyg/
- uGefysLwmrS pmvHk;aygif;o'´g ppfaq;onfhenf;udk
oHk;yg/
- tpD&ifcHpmudk rnfodkY zGJUpnf;onfESifh
rnfonfht&mrsm; yg0ifoifhonfudk jrifawGU&ef
tjcm;aom tpD&ifcHpmerlemrsm;udk Munfh½Iyg/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 146 -
avhusifhcef;
• ausmif;om;rsm;u udef;*Pef;rsm;^udk;um;csufrsm;
(1-6) udk ed*kH;csKyfaumufcsufrsm; (u-C) wdkYjzifh
wGJpyf&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ u? c
2/ c? C
3/ c? C
4/ u? *
5/ c? C
6/ u? *
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ ajzMum;olrsm;\ yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m tawGUtBuHKrsm;?
xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;ESifh tawG;tjrifrsm;qdkif&m
okawoeudk wifqufjyoaeygu udk;um;csufrsm;onf
udef;*Pef;a'wmrsm;xuf ydkNyD;qGJaqmifrI&SdEdkifygonf/
2/ rl0g'a&;qGJ&mwGif vrf;nTefay;Edkif&ef wdusaom
eHygwfrsm; vdktyfonfh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? pDrHcefYcGJrI
(odkY) tpdk;&t&m&Sdrsm;xHodkY wifqufjyornfqdkygu
udef;*Pef;a'wmrsm;u udk;um;csufrsm;xuf ydkNyD;
qGJaqmifrI&SdEdkifygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 147 -
10.3 EIwfwdkufwifquf
jyojcif;rsm;
tBudKavhvmcsuf
• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\
tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ - &Sif;vif;pGm pum;ajymqdkjcif;
- wduspGm pum;ajymqdkjcif;
- jrifaxmufulypönf;rsm; tokH;jyKjcif;
- rdrdudk,fudk,f ,kHMunfrI&Sdjcif;
2/ - vlrsm;u &Snfvsm;onfh okawoe tpD&ifcHpmwrf;
wpfapmiftm; zwf½Ijcif;xuf okawoetaMumif;
twdkcsKyf EIwfwdkufwifqufjyojcif;tm;
em;axmifjcif;u ydkrdkvG,fulygonf/
- tcsdKUvlrsm;taejzifh oif\tpD&ifcHpmwrf;tm;
a&;om;onfh bmompum;udk rzwfEdkifaomfvnf;
EIwfwdkufwifqufjyojcif;udk em;vnfEdkifygonf
odkYr[kwf EIwfwdkufwifqufjyojcif;udk
bmomjyefNyD; em;axmifEdkifygonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 148 -
vkyfief;pOf - okawoe wifqufjyorIrsm;udk
cGJjcrf;pdppfyg
rSwfcsuf - þwifqufjyorIrsm;\ ae&mtcif;tusif;
twGuf jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom aumufcsufrsm;? csOf;uyfrIrsm;?
y&dowfrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkY\ todtjrif tqifhtwef;
pojzifh tcsufrsm;pGm &SdEdkifygonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;udk
ae&mtcif;tusif; wpfckcsif;pDtwGuf ¤if;wdkY\
tajzrsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh &Sif;jycsufrsm;udk wdkufwGef;
ajymjycdkif;yg/
• wpfOD;csif;pD (odkY) ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD (odkY)
tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u EIwfwdkuf
wifqufjyojcif;rsm;\ "mwfykHrsm;udk Munfh½INyD;
ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ (u) ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJcef;r odkYr[kwf [dkw,fwpfckwGif/
(c) okawoeacgif;pOfESifh ywfoufonfh e,fy,fwGif
vkyfudkifaeMuolrsm;/
(*) tawmfrsm;rsm; od&Sdxm;Muonf/
(C) ,kHMunfrI&SdpGm ajymMum;jcif;? oif\
ynm&Sifqefonfh uRrf;usifrIudk xkwfjyjcif;/
(i) udef;*Pef;tcsuftvufqdkif&m
taxmuftxm;rsm; azmfjyjcif;jzifh rl0g'rsm;
jyifqifcsrSwf&mwGif okawoeudk tokH;jyKEdkifyg
vdrfhrnf/
2/ (u) tdrfjyifbuf? &yf&GmwpfcktwGif;/
(c) &yf&Gmvlxk? okawoewGif yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;/
(*) ¤if;wdkYonf okawoe ynm&Sifrsm; r[kwfEdkifyg/
(C) &Sif;vif;rI&SdNyD; ¤if;wdkY\ udk,fwdkif
tawGUtBuHKrsm;ESifh qufET,frI&Sdonfh
taMumif;t&mrsm;udk ajymMum;jcif;/
(i) Oyrmrsm; - jzpf&yfavhvmcsufrsm;ESifh
udk;um;csufrsm;/
3/ (u) vTwfawmf/
(c) tpdk;&0efBuD;rsm;? vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh
t&m&Sdrsm;/
(*) okawoeESifh ywfoufNyD; tcsdKUu
tenf;i,favmuf odxm;EdkifNyD; tenf;i,f
vlwpfpkomvQif okawoe uRrf;usifolrsm;
jzpfEdkifygonf/
(C) &Sif;vif;rI&Sdaom taxmuftxm;rsm;ESifh
ynm&Sifqefqef qGJaqmifrI&Sdonfh enf;vrf;jzifh
ajymqdk&rnf/
(i) udef;*Pef;rsm;ESifh jzpf&yfavhvmcsufrsm;/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 149 -
oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - wifqufjyojcif;
rSwfcsuf - þvkyfief;onf ausmif;om;rsm;udk
okawoe pDrHudef;wpfcktm; tprStqkH;xd jyifqif
zefwD;NyD; vufawGUvkyfaqmifap&ef 'DZdkif;a&;qGJxm;onfh
]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS
aemufqkH; wpfckjzpfonf/
¤if;onf ]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief;rsm;
tm;vkH;twGuf acgif;pOfwpfckwnf;udkom
awmufavQmuf tokH;jyKoGm;rnf qdkygu xda&mufrI
&SdEdkifygonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;rsm;u
¤if;vkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfaqmifaecsdefwGif ¤if;wdkY
a&G;cs,fxm;aom ,cifokawoeacgif;pOfrsm;
odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;rsm;onf vufawGUusrIr&Sdawmhjcif;?
pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdjcif; odkYr[kwf tokH;0ifrIr&Sdjcif;wdkYudk
awGUjrifvmEdkifonf odkYr[kwf tjcm;acgif;pOf odkYr[kwf
ar;cGef;udk ydkrdkpdwf0ifpm;vmEdkifygonf/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkYonf okawoeudk
wifqufjyo oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; odkYr[kwf
wifqufoGm;rnf r[kwfaMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnfjzpfNyD;
wifqufcJhrnfqdkvQif rnfonfhae&m? rnfolrsm;
twGufESifh rnfodkY wifqufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;
qkH;jzwf&ygrnf/
2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\
wifqufrIrsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh
ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;
1/ - okawoeudk 'DZdkif;a&;qGJonfhtcgwGif
&yf&GmvlxkESifhtwl aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh/
- &yf&Gmvlxkudk yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;tjzpf
yg0ifapjcif;jzifh (odkYr[kwf okawoDrsm;?
vufaxmufrsm;tjzpf)/
- okawoetaMumif; &Sif;vif;pGm
qufoG,f zvS,fjcif;jzifh &yf&Gmvlxku
em;vnfoabmaygufNyD; okawoeESifh
okawoDrsm;jzifh csdwfqufrI&SdapEdkifygonf/
- okawoeonf okawoe aemufcHtaMumif;t&m
r&Sdonfh vlrsm;ESifh qufET,frI&SdvQif odkYr[kwf
¤if;wdkYtwGuf &nf&G,fxm;vQif? okawoe
pmwrf;udk ¤if;wdkYtaejzifh &&Sdzwf½IEdkifatmif
BudK;pm;ay;&ef vdktyfonf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 150 -
aemufqkH;okawoe pDrHudef;
rSwfcsuf - þu@onf ausmif;om;rsm;taejzifh
okawoe vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk rnfrQ
em;vnfoabmaygufaMumif; ppfaq;&ef ausmif;om;rsm;
tokH;jyKEdkifonfh aemufqkH;pDrHudef;wpfckjzpfonf
odkYr[kwf q&mrsm;u orm;½dk;us (odkY) ykHrSefr[kwfonfh
ykHpHjzifh qef;ppfavhvmcsuf aumuf,l&ef &nf&G,fcsuf
twGuf odkYr[kwf oifcef;pm jyefaET;&eftwGuf tokH;jyK
Edkifonfh aemufqkH;pDrHudef;wpfck jzpfygonf/
þpmtkyfxJwGif yHkMurf;azmfjyxm;onfh okawoe
vkyfief;pOfudk aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u
wpfqifhNyD;wpfqifh vkyfaqmifoGm;&ygvdrfhrnf/
tcsdKUausmif;om;rsm; ¤if;wdkYaqmif&GufcJhaom ]uREkfyfwdkY\
okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief;rsm;xJrS tcsuftvuf
ukefMurf;rsm;udk tokH;jyKcsifpdwf&SdEdkifygonf/ ¤if;wdkYu
xdkodkYvkyfaqmifcsifygu okawoe vkyfief;pOf\
tqifhwpfckcsif;pDudk wpfae&mxJwGif *½kwpdkuf
rSwfwrf;wifxm;oifhygonf/ - ypönf;zdkifwGJ
odkYr[kwf tDvufxa&mepfzdkifwGJwpfckckudk tokH;jyK&ef
tBuHjyKygonf/
tjcm;ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoeacgif;pOf topf
wpfckudk a&G;cs,fcsifpdwf &SdEdkifygonf/ ¤if;wdkYonfvnf;
okawoevkyfief;pOf\ tqifhwpfqifhpDESifh
tqifhi,frsm; tm;vkH;udk zdkifwGJwpfckxJwGif rSwfwrf;wif
odrf;qnf;xm;oifhygonf/
þpDrHudef;udk wpfOD;csif;pD odkYr[kwf tzGJUvdkufpDrHudef;
tjzpf aqmif&GufEdkifygonf/
tqifh 1 - okawoear;cGef;rsm; pOf;pm;a&;om;yg/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u tqifhrsm; (u-p) udk vdkufem&rnf/
• tqifhrsm;udk vdkufemxm;aMumif; jrifawGUEdkif&eftwGuf
wpfqifhcsif;pDudk rSwfwrf;wifxm;cdkif;yg/
aqG;aEG;csufrsm; odkYr[kwf qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;rS
rSwfpkwdkrsm;onf vkHavmufonfh taxmuftxm;
jzpfygonf/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u tqifh 1 udk NyD;oGm;onfhtcgwGif
¤if;wdkY\ aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk Munfh½INyD;
tBuHjyKcsufrsm;ay;yg/
tqifh 2 - wdusaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk
&SmazGyg/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u tqifhrsm; (u-C) udk
vdkufem&rnf/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u tao;pdwf tpDtpOfwpfck
zefwD;oifhNyD; ¤if;wdkY\ zdkifwGJxJwGif rSwfpkwdkrsm;jzifh
,SOfwGJodrf;qnf;xm;&rnf/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u a'wmaumuf,ljcif; tpDtpOfonf
vufawGUusrI &Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;&ef a'wmrsm;
raumuf,lrD xdktpDtpOfudk ¤if;wdkYESifhtwl
aqG;aEG;ay;yg/
• ¤if;wdkY\ a'wmrsm;udk aumuf,lNyD;onfhtcgwGif
¤if;a'wmrsm;udk vkHNcHKpGm odrf;qnf;xm;Edkifatmif
ulnDay;yg/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u tqifh 2 udk NyD;oGm;onfhtcgwGif
¤if;wdkY\ aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk Munfh½INyD;
tBuHjyKcsufrsm;ay;yg/
tqifh 3 - owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk cGJjcrf;pdppfNyD;
ed*kH;csKyf aumufcsufqGJyg/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u tqifhrsm; (u-*) udk vdkufem&rnf/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u cGJjcrf;pdppfcsufrS rSwfpkrsm;?
Z,m;rsm;? udef;*Pef;a'wmrsm; tp&Sdonfh
t&mtm;vkH;udk zdkifwGJxJwGif xnfh&rnf/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoeudk yHhydk;&ef
twGuf tcsdKUaom um;csyfrsm;? Z,m;rsm; (odkY)
udk;um;csufrsm;udk a&;qGJxkwfazmfoifhygonf/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u tqifh 3 udk NyD;oGm;onfhtcgwGif
¤if;wdkY\ aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk Munfh½INyD;
tBuHjyKcsufrsm;ay;yg/
tqifh 4 - &SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk zvS,frQa0yg/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u tqifhrsm; (u-*) udk vdkufem&rnf/
• ausmif;om;rsm; (odkYr[kwf oif) u ¤if;wdkY\
okawoeudk wifjy&ef tpD&ifcHpmwrf;? EIwfwdkuf
wifqufjyojcif; odkYr[kwf ESpfckpvkH;wdkYxJrS rnfonfh
wpfckonf ydkrdkoifhawmfaMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnf/
• ausmif;om;rsm;u 5 rdepfMum wifqufjyojcif;wpfck
odkYr[kwf pmvkH;a& 200 + tpD&ifcHpmwpfapmifudk
jyifqif&rnf/
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; | q&mvufpGJ
- 151 -
• atmufwGifay;xm;aom trSwfay;pnf;rsOf;
vrf;nTefZ,m;wGif trSwf 20 vkyfief;wpfckudk
trSwfay;onfh enf;vrf;wpfckudk tMurf;zsif;
azmfjyxm; ygonf (odkYr[kwf EIwfwdkufwifquf
jyojcif;ESifh tpD&ifcHpma&;om;jcif; ESpfrsdK;pvkH;udk
vkyfaqmifygu pkpkaygif; 25 rSwf)/
arQmfrSef;xm;onfh
tcsufrsm;xuf
avQmhenf;onf 0-1 &rSwf
arQmfrSef;xm;onfh
tcsufrsm;ESifh udkufnDonf
2-3 &rSwf
arQmfrSef;xm;onfh
tcsufrsm;xuf
ausmfvGefonf 4-5 &rSwf
aemufcHtaMumif;t&m
zdkifwGJrsm;
zdkifwGJrsm; rjynfhpkHjcif;?
tcsdKUtqifhrsm;
ausmfoGm;jcif; (odkY)
rSwfwrf;rwifjcif;
zdkifwGJrsm; jynfhpkHjcif;?
tqifhtrsm;pkudk
rSwfwrf;wifxm;jcif;
zdkifwGJrsm; jynfhpHkjcif;?
tqifhrsm; tm;vkH;udk
vdkufemaMumif; azmfjyxm;jcif;
vkyfief;pOf okawoe vkyfief;pOfudk
rvdkufemjcif;
okawoe vkyfief;pOf
trsm;pkudk vdkufemxm;onf/
okawoe vkyfief;pOfxJrS
tqifhrsm;tm;vkH;udk
vdkufemxm;onf/
a'wm a'wmrsm;onf ,kHMunfEdkifpGrf;
r&Sdjcif;? tusHK;r0ifjcif;?
twnfrjyKEdkifjcif; (odkY)
udk;pm;EdkifpGrf; r&Sdjcif;
a'wmtrsm;pkonf
,kHMunfEdkifpGrf;&Sdjcif;?
tusHK;0ifjcif;? twnfjyK
Edkifjcif;? (odkY) udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;
&Sdjcif;
a'wmrsm;onf vkH;0udk
,kHMunfEdkifpGrf;&Sdjcif;?
tusHK;0ifjcif;?
twnfjyKEdkifjcif;? (odkY)
udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;&Sdjcif;
tpD&ifcHpm (tpD&ifcH
pmwrf; wpfckwnf;
twGufomvQif)
½IyfaxG;NyD; &Sif;vif;rIr&Sdjcif;?
wdkvGef;jcif;? Z,m;rsm;?
um;csyfrsm; odkYr[kwf
udk;um;csufrsm; rygjcif;
trsm;pkonf &Sif;vif;NyD;
aumif;pGm a&;om;azmfjy
xm;onf/ yHhydk;rIay;aom
taxmuftxm;rsm;vnf;
yg0ifonf/
&Sif;vif;onf?
pdwf0ifpm;zG,fjzpfNyD;
taxmuftxm;rsm;ESifhtwl
a&;om;azmfjyxm;onf/
wifqufjyojcif;
(EIwfwdkufwifquf
jyojcif; wpfckwnf;
twGufomvQif)
½IyfaxG;NyD; &Sif;vif;rIr&Sdjcif;?
wdkvGef;jcif;? jrifaxmufulrsm;
ryg0ifjcif;
trsm;pkonf &Sif;vif;rI&SdNyD;
jrifaxmuful ypönf;tcsdKUjzifh
aumif;pGma&;om;
azmfjyxm;onf/
&Sif;vif;onf?
pdwf0ifpm;zG,fjzpfNyD;
jrifaxmuful ypönf;rsm;pGmESifh
twl aumif;pGma&;om;
azmfjyxm;onf/
tBuHjyKxm;aom trSwfay;pnf;rsOf;
tem*wfykH&dyftem*wfykH&dyf jrefrmEdkifiHrS vltm;vkH; t&nftaoG;jynfhaom? tm;vkH;yg0ifEkdifaom ynma&;
&&Sd&rnf/
t"du vkyfief;pOft"du vkyfief;pOf t&G,fa&mufNyD;ol ynma&;u@twGuf &yf&Gma'otcif;tusif;ESifh qDavsmfaom
ynma&; qkdif&m pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;ESifh 0efaqmifrIrsm; ay;jcif;tm;jzifh w&m;rQwaom
vlrItokdif;t0ef;wpfck azmfaqmif&ef/
i n f o@mo t e o o . o r g
okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; pmtkyfonf t&G,fa&mufNyD;om; oif,lavhvmolrsm;twGuf oif½kd;wpfckjzpfygonf/
¤if;pmtkyfwGif vlrIokawoe pDrHudef;wpfckudk vkyfaqmif&eftwGuf vdktyfaom A[kokwrsm;ESifh uRrf;usifrIrsm;ukd
rdwfqufay;xm;ygonf/ ¤if;pmtkyfonf tajccHokawoe uRrf;usifrIrsm;ESifh oabmw&m;rsm;udk pwifavhvm
vdkonfh txufwef;vGefESifh wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;twGuf txl;oifhavsmfygonf/ okawoe enf;vrf;rsm;
pmtkyfxJ&Sd tcef;wpfcef;pDwkdif;wGif em;vnf&vG,fulaom &Sif;jycsufrsm;? em;vnfrIudk ppfaq;&ef avhusifhcef;rsm;ESifh
wwfuRrf;rIrsm;udk vufawGUusaom vkyfief;rsm;wGif toHk;jyKEkdifrnfh tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk yHhydk;azmfjyay;xm;ygonf/
pmtkyf\zGJUpnf;yHkudk okawoe vkyfief;pOftwkdif; vkdufema&;om;xm;NyD; pOD;tcef;rsm;wGif atmufygtcsufrsm;
tygt0if t"duokawoe oabmw&m;rsm;ESifh a'wmaumuf,ljcif; enf;vrf;rsm;udk rdwfqufay;xm;ygonf/
. okawoevkyfief;pOf . okawoe ar;cGef;rsm;. rl&if;okawoeESifh wpfqifhcHokawoe . ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif;ESifh vlawGUar;jref;rIrsm;. ta&twGufpHjyKESifh t&nftaoG;pHjyKokawoe . OD;wnftkyfpkrsm;ESifh apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;rsm;
aemufykdif;tcef;rsm;wGif atmufygtcsufrsm; tygt0if cGJjcrf;pdppfcsufESifh okawoe awGU&Sdcsufrsm;tm;
qufoG,fzvS,frQa0jcif;wdkYudk rdwfqufay;xm;ygonf/
. ta&twGufpHjyK cGJjcrf;pdppfcsuf . okawoetpD&ifcH pmwrf;wpfapmif a&;om;jcif;. t&nftaoG;pHjyK cGJjcrf;pdppfcsuf . wifqufjyojcif;rsm;
pmtkyfxJwGif ausmif;om;rsm;\ okawoe pDrHudef;rsm;ESifh udk,fwkdifvkyfaqmifonfh okawoe pDrHudef;rsm;udk
vrf;nTefay;&ef twGuf oifMum;ydkYcsolrsm;u toHk;jyKEkdifonfh tqifhvdkufnTefMum;csufrsm; yg0ifonf/ okawoe
enf;vrf;rsm; q&mvufpGJpmtkyfwGif ausmif;om;vufpGJ pmtkyfxJ&Sd avhusifhcef;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;rsm;twGuf tajzrsm;udk
azmfjyxm;½Hkomru q&mrsm;twGuf oifMum;ay;aeonfh uRrf;usifrIrsm;qkdif&m aemufcHtaMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh
pmoifcef; twGif; oifcef;pmrsm;udk oifMum;jcif;qkdif&m tBuHjyKcsufrsm;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;azmfjyxm;ygonf/ xdkYtwl
q&mvufpGJ pmtkyfxJwGif a&G;cs,fEkdifonfh tydkaqmif; vkyfief;rsm;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;ay;xm;ygonf/
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