diseases of the skin diane hannon anatomy and physiology
Post on 15-Dec-2015
223 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Bacterial Skin Infections
1. Folliculitis: Pimple, Sty, Abscess
2. Scalded Skin Syndrome
3. Scarlet Fever
4. Impetigo
5. Acne
6. Boils and Carbuncles
Bacterial Skin Infections Folliculitis
• Inflammation and infection of the hair follicle, can occur anywhere on skin
• “pimples” Almost always caused
by S. Aureus which is always on the skin.
Also called pustules.
Bacterial Skin Infections Folliculitis
• Sty = Infection at the base of the eyelid
• Treatment: warm moist compresses, daily cleansing
Bacterial Skin Infections Folliculitis
• Abscess: localized collection of pus in any tissue of the body
• Encapsulates- prevents the spread of bacteria into the blood, but prevents circulating antibiotics from reaching the abscess
• Must be lanced and drained.
Bacterial Skin Infection Scalded Skin Syndrome
• Caused by S. Aureus• Begins with a slight
reddened area around the mouth
• 24-48 hrs later see easily ruptured vesicles over the whole body
• Skin Peels• Heals in 7 –10 days• Can lead to septicemia:
infection of the blood = death.
Bacterial Skin Infection Boils and Carbuncles
• Inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands.
• Carbuncles are composite boils caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
Bacterial Skin Infection Scarlet Fever
• Caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (also causes strep throat)
• Produces a red toxin that causes the scarlet rash.
Bacterial Skin Infection Impetigo
• Highly Contagious• Pyoderma (pus producing skin
infection)• Transmitted by hands, toys,
furniture, DAYCARE• Symptoms include pustules
that rupture, producing a yellow crust over the lesions
• Tmt: washing, antibiotic ointment
Bacterial Skin Infection Acne
• Affects 80% of teens and adults.
• Primarily caused by male sex hormones which increase the size of the sebaceous glands.
• Microorganisms feed on the sebum
Bacterial Skin Infection Acne
• Cystic Acne• Plugged ducts become
inflamed and rupture.• Bacteria will infect
area and cause scarring.
Bacterial Skin Infection Acne
• Blackheads• Mild form of acne• Hair follicles become
plugged with sebum and keratin.
Bacterial Skin Infection Acne
Treatment:• Frequent cleansing of
skin.• Topical ointment• Tetracyline (controls
the bacterial infection)• Accutane (inhibits
sebum production)
MRSA• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus:
resistant to antibiotics commonly used to treat Staph infections
• Appearing in healthy people who share personal items such as athletes and students
• 2005- MRSA deaths higher than those due to AIDS
• MRSA- humans have helped build resistance by: over-prescribing antibiotics, also in livestock (meat supply and groundwater)
• Symptoms: small, red bumps, can cause deep abscesses or become blood borne (rash over body, chills, headache, joint pain)
• TMT: Vancomycin (expensive), some bacteria are developing a resistance to this
• Prevention:
• do not share personal items
• frequent hand washing or hand sanitizer (, alcohol works as sanitizer)
• do not overuse antibiotics
Viral Skin Disease Rubella
• Rubella = German Measles (3-day measles)
• Symptom: rash on trunk of body occurring 14-21 days after infection, fever, chills, joint pain
• Vaccine since 1969
Viral skin Infection Rubeola
• Rubeola = Measles• One of most serious
childhood diseases• Immunization since
1963, Koplik’s spots in mouth
• Fever, runny nose, rash
Viral Skin Infection Chicken Pox
• Caused by Varicella Zoster Virus.
• Highly contagious: 3 million + in US
• 10-21 days after exposure, small irregular rose-colored lesions develop
• Can be fatal: virus invades and damages cells that line the small blood vessels = clots. Also leads to pneumonia
• Vaccine since 1995
Viral Skin Infection Shingles
• Caused by Varicella Zoster Virus.
• Latent virus acquired during prior case of chicken pox.
• Virus hides in nerve cells
• Pain and prickling or the skin, mild itching to severe pain.
• Fever, headache, malaise
Viral Skin Infections Warts
• Warts = Papillomas• Caused by HPV Human Papilloma Virus
• Infection lasts a lifetime.• Common warts: on hands
and fingers, transmitted by fomites (inanimate objects) and scratching
• Disappear spontaneously
Plantar warts: sole of feet, grows inward, cauliflower-like appearance, pain with walking
-surgical removal
• Genital warts: one of most common STDs, highly contagious, causes a higher incidence of cervical cancer
Viral Skin Infections Herpes Simplex
• HSV-1: Cold sores / fever blisters.
• Virus localizes in in a cutaneous nerve.
• Blisters itch and sting.
• Herpes Simplex Type 2
-genital herpes
-can be sexually transmitted but not always, can get it from the lips
HSV-1 and HSV-2 cannot be separated clinically
Fungal InfectionsTinea: term used to identify a number of
highly contagious fungal infections of skin
• Athletes Foot
• Ringworm
• Candida
• Madura Foot
Fungal InfectionsAthletes Foot
• Tinea pedis• Dry, scaly lesions that
result from fluid filled lesions on sweaty feet.
• skin cracks and a secondary skin infection results in soggy areas between toes.
Fungal Skin InfectionsRingworm
• Highly Contagious• Infects:
– Body: Tinea corporis
– Groin: Tinea cruris
– Nails: Tinea unguium
– Scalp: Tinea capitis
– Beard: Tinea barbae
Fungal Infections Candidiasis
• Candida = yeast infection
• Thrush: milky patches of inflammation on oral mucous membranes
• Infants, diabetics, prolonged antibiotic users
Fungal Infections Madura Foot
• Occurs mainly in the tropics, enters body through breaks in skin.
• Causes massive enlargement of the foot
• Amputation may be necessary.
Basal Cell Carcinoma
• Least malignant• Most common Skin
Cancer common in fair-skinned blondes
• Cells of Stratum Basale• Lesions occur on sun
exposed area of face• Shiny, dome shaped
nodules develop a central ulcer
• Full cure in 99% cases
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Arises from cells in stratum spinosum
• Scalp, ears, dorsum of hands, lower lip
• Less common, grows more rapidly, metastasizes to lymph if not removed
• Sun induced
• Cure rate good if tx early.
Malignant Melanoma
• Cancer of melanocytes• Only 5 % of skin cancer,
but rising, more common in men
• Develops wherever there is pigment
• Appears spreading brown / black patch
• Metastasizes rapidly to surrounding blood vessels and lymph.
• Survival = 80%
top related