diseases of pahyrinx and esophagus in farm animals by ali sadiek

11Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek

Diseases of Digestive SystemDiseases of Digestive System

ByByDr. Ali H. Dr. Ali H. SadiekSadiek

Prof. of Internal Veterinary Medicine and Clinical Prof. of Internal Veterinary Medicine and Clinical Laboratory DiagnosisLaboratory Diagnosis

Dept. of Animal MedicineDept. of Animal MedicineFaculty of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

AssiutAssiut UniversityUniversity-- AssiutAssiut, EGYPT, EGYPT

EE--mail: Sadiek59@yahoo.commail: Sadiek59@yahoo.com

Prof. Dr. Ali SadiekProf. Dr. Ali Sadiek 22

PharyngitisPharyngitisCauses:• Traumatic: Sharp Foreign bodies, awns,

bones, nails, etc.• Physical: Irritant chemicals, Hot or cold

substances• Biological: Secondary to other diseases

Strangles in horses, Oral necrobacillosis of calves. Actinobacillosis of cattle & horsespharyngeal anthrax in dog and horses.

Pharyngitis characterized clinically by:

Anorexia and painful swelling Cough esp. with pharyngeal manipulationRegurgitation of food and extended head.Excessive salivation and nasal discharge.Swelling of regional lymph nodes.Fever and toxemia may noted in phlegmon

and neecrobacillosis.

Strangles (Strangles (EqEq. distemper. distemper

Swelled pharynxSwelled pharynx

DiagnosisDiagnosis• History of Acute onset and local pain• External and internal palpation• Internal exam. by mouth speculum or

pharyngeoscope

Bacterial Bacterial pharyngitispharyngitis Follicular Follicular pharyngitispharyngitis

TreatmentTreatment1. Removal of f. bodies by holder or by hand2. Oral antiseptic (Gent. Violet. Silver

nitrate)3. Drugs mixed with syrup for horses

Or given as lectiures or inhalation as:Creoline & Turp. Oil 150 gm/ Gallon waterExpectorant, anti-inflammatory and/or Antibiotics.

Central Inhalation therapy

Pharyngeal obstructionPharyngeal obstruction

Causes:T.B, Swelling of retroph. L. nodes.F. Bodies as nails, wires, plasticwares etc.

It Charactreized Clinically by:Snoring respiration and Cough.Painful swelling.Dysphagia & Regurgitation of food.Loss of appetite.Excessive salivation.

Foreign bodiesForeign bodies

Pharyngeal obstructionPharyngeal obstruction

Diagnosis:History of acute onset.Specific signs differ. Vs pharyn. Paralysis

Treatment:Removal of f. bodies.Anti-inflammat., antibiotics, anti septics.

Pharyngeal paralysisPharyngeal paralysisIt may be the result of :1-Central or peripheral nervous disorder:- Rabies - CNS intoxication, lead poisoning, - Cranial trauma, - Intracranial abscessation, - Tumor formation2- Severe local disease that may cause

collapse, obstruction, or malfunction of the pharynx.

Pharyngeal paralysisPharyngeal paralysis3- Peripheral Causes :

Pharyngeal trauma: Disease of the auditory tube diverticula(guttural pouches) in horses. One-sided lesions (eg, guttural pouch disease) may result in partial pharyngeal malfunction, and the horse may well be able to swallow.

--Signs of Pharyngeal paralysisSigns of Pharyngeal paralysis

Profound dysphagia with oral and nasal return of food and saliva. Pharyngeal collapse may occurs resulting in respiratory obstruction.Inhalation pneumonia, dehydration, circulatory and respiratory collapse may be the sequence. Fever, cough, retch, and choke are common.Pharyngeal paralysis may result in death.

--Diagnosis of Pharyngeal paralysisDiagnosis of Pharyngeal paralysis• History and clinical signs are usually

enough to indicate pharyngeal malfunction

• Serology, radiology, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and MRI, as well as endoscopy are valuable to determine whether it is central or peripheral.

• Rabies must be ruled out.

(left) and CT (Right)(left) and CT (Right)SonographySonography

Video Video endoscopyendoscopy

Fistula created between the two guttural pouches Fistula created between the two guttural pouches of a foal affected by guttural pouch of a foal affected by guttural pouch tympanytympany

TreatmentTreatment--Pharyngeal paralysisPharyngeal paralysis• The prognosis is mostly poor, and the welfare of

the animal should be considered in management of this condition.

• local therapy (including draining the pharyngeal abscesses),

• Control the complications of inhalation pneumonia,

• intubation in small animals, and, Rumenotomyand/or esophagotomy and esophageal feedingmay be essential in large animals,

• Evaluating hemoconcentration, electrolyte depletion, etc, aid in monitoring and evaluating therapeutic regimens.

Esophageal paralysisEsophageal paralysis

Ph. Paraly.

+-L.Ns-+Snoring

+ +Painfullswelling

+++++Salivation

++Regurig.

++Inab. To swallow

++Cough

PharyngitisPh. Obst.Signs

EsophagitisEsophagitis

Characterized by:• Esophogeal spasm and obstruction.• Pain on swallowing and palpation.• Regurig. of bloody stained slimy materials.

Causes:• Swallowing of chemicals and irrit. subst.• Lacerations of esoph. wall by F. bodies.• Assoc. some viral and bacterial disease.

SignsSigns of of EsophagitisEsophagitis Salivation, swallowing trial with pain.Regurig. of food mixed with blood and mucous.Cough with vigorous mov. of neck and abdominal muscles.Pain on palp. of lower cervical esophagusOn esoph. perforat.: Inflamm. Swelling crepitus and phlegmonus infl., or fatal pleurisy.

EsophagitisEsophagitis

Herpes infection esophagusHerpes infection esophagus

EsophagitisEsophagitis • Diagnosis: • Similar to pharyngitis but attempt to

swallow is not severe in pharyngitis.• Local palpation may recognize lesion.• Treatment• Parentral feeding should be prompted• Parentral antibiotic, anti-inflammatory• If animal can swallow: give it a mix. of

antibiotic & astringents on form of electuaries.

Acute esophageal obstruction ChokeAcute esophageal obstruction Choke

Charct. By:• Inabil. to swallow.• Regurig. of food and water. • Bloat in ruminants.Causes of Acute esoph. Obstruction• In dogs: Feeding of bones or other f. objects on

playing.• In Cattle: ingestion of solid objects (Turnips,

potatoes, comb of maize, upper parts of sugar cane. Apple, Orange, leather, plastics etc.

Causes of acute Causes of acute esophesoph. obstruction:. obstruction:

In Horses:• Incompl. mast. & salivated. Food.• While dosing with gelatin capsules.• Pressure on cardia by tumors.Causes of Chronic esoph. obstruction:• Stenosis after esohagitis.• Pressure from the outside: T.B, Tumors, etc.• Persistent right aortic arch in neonates.

Clinical picture of Acute esophageal obstruction:Clinical picture of Acute esophageal obstruction:

In Cattle:• Obst. occur at cervical or thoracic Inlets• Stop eating and shows anxiety and restless.• Forcible attempts to swallow.• Salivation- coughing contin. chewing mov.• Contin. forcible ruminal motility.• Rapid onset of bloat.• Passage of st. tubes is impossible.• Acute signs may subsides gradually due to

relaxation of esoph. spasm but tympanypersists.

Clinical picture of acute Clinical picture of acute obstobst.:.:In Horses:• Acute obstr. usually in the terminal

thoracic esophagus.• Signs are similar to cattle but more

violent.Sequellae:• It may pass spontaneously or persist for

few days.• Persist. obst. cause pressure necrosis.

and perforation, stenosis

Clinical picture of chronic Clinical picture of chronic obstobst.:.:

Absence of acute signs.Chronic persistant bloat.Ruminal motility begins to subside.Pronounced swelling at the base of the neck may appear.Death may occur as a result of drenching pneumonia/ or dehydration.

Diagnosis of Diagnosis of esophesoph. . obstobst..

History: Acute onset of signsClinical picture is sufficient.Passage of stomach tube.X- rays may be helpful

Illuminated mouth speculum and Endosdcopy.

Diagnosis of Diagnosis of esophesoph. . ObstObst..

Esophageal obstructionEsophageal obstruction

EsophagEsophag. . diverticulumdiverticulum

TreatmentTreatmentAnalgesics (atropin sulfate & belladonna).Pass St. tube to locate f. body & pushing it.

In Cattle: Trocer & canula is necessary in sever bloatUse large forcipes and mouth specul. to catch f. bodies.Treat. tympany with anti-fermentive. Esophagotomy may be necessary to remove obstruction

TreatmentTreatmentIn horses:

It is difficult to remove f. body from the lower esophagus. Adminster belladona extract to anlagise the horse, then introduce warm saline via stomach tube and siphoned it again several time to loose the obstruction.

TreatmentTreatmentIn palpable obst. In the neck region, - Vigorous squeezing from exterior

may brake it up and help in its removal.

- Esophagotomy may be necessary - Treat. of chronic obstruction is

usually unsuccessful

ComplicationsComplications

Suffocation, asphyxia and death.Perforation of esoph. & develop. of subcutaneous emphysema.Esophageal paralysis and necrosis.Death due to drenching pneumonia (passage of saliva and food into lungs).Severe tympany.

diseases of pahyrinx and esophagus in farm animals by ali sadiek

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