disaster mitigation in health facilities: wind effects nonstructural issues

Disaster Mitigationin Health Facilities:

Wind EffectsNonstructural Issues

Disaster Mitigationin Health Facilities:

Wind EffectsNonstructural Issues

22

Nonstructural elements to consider Nonstructural elements to consider when assessing vulnerabilitywhen assessing vulnerabilityNonstructural elements to consider Nonstructural elements to consider when assessing vulnerabilitywhen assessing vulnerability

•Façades•Roof covers•Parapets•Chimneys•Plaster•Glass windows•Attachments (signs, antennae,etc)

•Ornaments•Canopies•Railings•Doors and exit routes

•Medical equipment•Industrial equipment

•Supplies•Office equipment

•Medical and industrial gases

•Air conditioning•Electrical generator•Hydraulic networks•Electric networks

ARCHITECTURAL EQUIPMENT BASIC INSTALLATIONS

33

• Previous experiencePrevious experience• Visual inspectionVisual inspection• Data collectionData collection• Non-destructive testsNon-destructive tests• Mathematical modelsMathematical models• Structural analysis and designStructural analysis and design• Wind tunnel analysisWind tunnel analysis• Retrofitting recommendationsRetrofitting recommendations• EqEquipment classificationuipment classification

Nonstructural vulnerability Nonstructural vulnerability assessment methodsassessment methodsNonstructural vulnerability Nonstructural vulnerability assessment methodsassessment methods

44

Standards and codes must Standards and codes must cover components and cover components and claddingscladdings

The trend for international standards The trend for international standards is to adopt and adapt the ASCE-7 is to adopt and adapt the ASCE-7 approach for components and approach for components and claddings.claddings.

55

Design pressure for components and Design pressure for components and cladding and design force for special cladding and design force for special and open structures (ASCE-7)and open structures (ASCE-7)

Towers, signs, tanks, Towers, signs, tanks, silossilos

p = qh [(GCp) - (GCpi)]

F = qzGCf Af

Design pressureDesign pressure

Design forceDesign force

66

Indispensable: Equipment that can not easily or economically be

replaced and is essential for the provision of

health services.

Essential: Similar to indispensable equipment, except that

it can be replaced easily or

cheaply.

Hazardous: Equipment that can injure people and

damage objects.

Chaotic: Equipment whose failure may cause disruption

to its environs.

Functional: Equipment that is not used for emergency

health care.

Criteria for equipment Criteria for equipment classificationclassificationCriteria for equipment Criteria for equipment classificationclassification

77

Hipped roof recommended Hipped roof recommended over flat roofover flat roofHipped roof recommended Hipped roof recommended over flat roofover flat roof

88

Gabled roof with slopes of Gabled roof with slopes of 20 to 30 degrees are 20 to 30 degrees are preferred against hurricanespreferred against hurricanes

Gabled roof with slopes of Gabled roof with slopes of 20 to 30 degrees are 20 to 30 degrees are preferred against hurricanespreferred against hurricanes

PLAN ISOMETRIC

Hatched area indicateswhere more frequent

fixings are required

Gabled roof

99

Connection details between Connection details between metal sheet roof and purlinsmetal sheet roof and purlins

Metal sheet fixings andpurlin-to-rafter connection

Spacer block

Self-tapping screw

Metal sheeting

purlin

Galvanized hurricane strapfixed to rafter and purlin

Rafter

Ridge connection

Valley connection

1010

Typical connection system Typical connection system between metal sheet roof and between metal sheet roof and masonry wallmasonry wall

Typical connection system Typical connection system between metal sheet roof and between metal sheet roof and masonry wallmasonry wall