disaster management concept

DISASTER MANAGEMENTDISASTER MANAGEMENT CONCEPT CONCEPT

WHAT IS A DISASTER ???

Disaster comes from two French words

Des – Bad or EvilAstre - Star

Disaster means loss of life and property due to unfavorable star

DISASTER

A situation of hardship and human suffering arising from events which causes physical loss or damage, social and /or economic disruption from which the country or community is unable to fully cope alone.

WHAT MAKES A DISASTER

Disasters are the combination of a number of factors: Hazards Risks Vulnerability Capacity

Hazard

Phenomena that pose a threat to people, structure or assets and which may cause a disaster

RISK

The risk is generally defined as the expected impact caused by a particular phenomenon. It combines the likelihood or probability of a disaster happening and the negative effects that result if the disaster happens.

RISK

The risk is generally defined as the expected impact caused by a particular phenomenon. It combines the likelihood or probability of a disaster happening and the negative effects that result if the disaster happens.

VULNERABILITY

Human vulnerability is the extent to which an individual, community, sub-group, structure, service or geographical area is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a particular hazard.

Types of vulnerability

• Physical vulnerability• Social vulnerability• Economic vulnerability

Physical vulnerability

Infrastructure– Transport system-Roads, Railways, Bridges,

Ports & Airports– Utility Services-Water supply, Electricity, Tele

communication, Sewerage & Embankments– Critical Govt. and Private facilities-Health

facilities, Educational institutions, Offices, Dams

Social Vulnerability

• Special category people– Elderly people– Children & pregnant women– Sick and ailing people– Widows and single women– Physically and mentally handicapped– Families living near the sea– Fishermen at sea– People living near rivers and creeks

continued…..

Social Vulnerability continued..

• Damage of social fabric• Damage to human relationship• Psychological trauma• Emotional breakdown

Economic vulnerability

• Livelihoods • Standing crops, Horticulture trees, Plantations• Family assets and valuable documents• Pet animals • Loss to economic assets of individuals and and

state• Loss to economic processes involving

individuals, families and state

CAPACITY

A capacity refers to the internal and external resources, peoples, households and communities have to cope with in situations that threaten their life and well being.

Factors Determining Risk

H + V – C = R

Hazard +Vulnerability – Capacity = Risk

Types of Disasters

• Water and Climate related• Geologically related• Chemical/Industrial

& Nuclear• Accident related• Biological

Water & Climate related Disasters

• Floods, Water Logging, Drainage• Cyclones, Tornadoes, Hurricanes, Hailstorms• Cloud bursts, thunder, lightning• Landslides• Heat & Cold wave• Sea erosion• Drought

Geological Disasters

• Earthquakes• Dam Bursts• Mine Fires

TSUNAMI• Caused by vertical movement of sea bed• Two tsunamis per year in world• A destructive Pacific wide tsunami in every 15

years• Velocity depends on depth of sea • Speed is 700 kmph for 4000 m depth,36 kmph

for 10m• Size could be from few cms to over 30M• Can flood land up to 1.5 km from the coast

Chemical/Industrial &Nuclear

• Chemical disasters (Bhopal Gas Tragedy,3rd Dec,1984)• Industrial disasters• Oil spills/Fires• Nuclear (Hiroshima and Nagasaki)

Accident related disasters

• Boat / Road / Train Accidents / Air Crash• Building Collapse• Electric Accidents• Rural / Urban Fires• Festival related disasters• Mine Flooding• Bomb /Serial Bomb Blasts

Biological Disasters

• Human / Animal Epidemics• Pest Attacks • Food Poisoning

Damage due to Cyclone in Orissa - 199917th -18th Oct 1999 20th -30th Oct 1999

Districts affected 4 12

Villages affected 5181 14,643

Population affected 37.47 Lakh 129.22 Lakh

Crop area affected 1.58 Lakh 18.43 Lha

Houses damaged 331,580 18,28,532

Human life loss 199 9,887

Cattle loss 10,578 4,44,531

Source: Source : Annual Reports, NDM Divn., MOA

DISASTER MANAGEMENTHow???

Components of Disaster Management

1.Response

2. Recovery

3. Prevention

4. Preparedness and Mitigation

Disaster Response

It involves measures taken in anticipation

of, during and immediately after a disaster

to ensure that the effects are minimized

Example of Disaster Response

1.Implementing the Disaster Management Plans

2.Setting up of medical camps and mobilizing resources

3.Providing adequate shelter and sanitary facilities

4.Carrying out Search and Rescue Operation

Disaster Recovery

It involves measures, which support

emergency affected areas in

reconstruction of the physical

infrastructure and restoration of

economic and emotional well being

Example for Disaster Recovery

1.Restoring services like roads, communication, electricity, drinking water supply

2.Reconstructing damaged buildings, bridges etc.

3.Providing financial support and employment

4. Alternative Livelihood option

5. Trauma Counseling

Disaster Preparedness

It involves measures to ensure thatcommunities and services arecapable of coping with the effect ofdisaster.

Example for Disaster Preparedness1.Community Awareness and Education

2. Community level preparedness

3. Preparation of Disaster Management plans

4.Proper warning system

5.Mutual aid arrangement

6.Mock drill, training practice

Prevention and Mitigation

It involves measures to eliminate or

reduce the incidence of severity of

disasters

Example of Prevention and Mitigation

1.Preventing habitation in risk zones

2.Disaster resistant buildings

3.Enforcement of Building-by-laws

4.Training and Capacity Building

Types of Disaster & Nodal Ministry

Types of Disaster Nodal Ministry

Air Accident Ministry of Civil Aviation

Civil Strife Ministry of Home Affaires

Railway Accident Ministry of Railways

Chemical Disasters Ministry of Environment & Forests

Biological Disasters

Ministry of Health

Nuclear Accident Dept. of Atomic Energy

Natural Disasters Ministry of Home Affaires

Drought Ministry of Agriculture

Thank You

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