disabled ‘r’ all: bridging the gap between accessibility and usability

Disabled ‘R’ All

Bridging the gap between

Accessibility and Usability

Hugo Nicolau hman@vimmi.inesc-id.pt

Mobile devices

Powerful tools

Always near us

@ Home

@ Work

Outdoors

In car

@ Coffee shop

@ Subway

@ Airplain

And many many others …

Many contexts

CONTEXT

Overload

Leading to …

SIID

Motor capabilities

Loss of physical stability

Motor impaired

Similar problems?

Do they benefit from …

Similar solutions?

Goal

Solutions designed for motor-impaired users

can be applied on mobile devices by assessing

the users’ capabilities within real mobile

contexts and thus enhancing their performance

Hypothesis

“

”

Knowledge sharing and reuse

“Reinventing the wheel”

More and better research

Cost and availability

New connotation

RELATED WORK

Context

Sears, 2003

Understanding SIID

Brewster, 2002

+ 17% workload

-32% data entered

Lin et al., 2007

Error rate 65% - 3%

Schedlbauer et al., 2007

Schildbach et al., 2010

Mizobuchi, 2005

Dealing with SIID (Mistry et al., 2009) (Harrison et al., 2010)

(Sawheny and Schmandt, 2000) (Wigdor and Balakrisham, 2003)

Karlson, 2007; Baudisch, 2009

(Karlson and Bederson, 2007)

ThumbSpace

(Baudisch and Chu, 2009)

Context-aware interfaces

(Kane et al., 2008)

Alternative techniques

(Yatani and Troung, 2009)

Gesture interfaces

(Guerreiro, 2009) (Goldberg, 1993)

(Yfantidis, 2006)

(Bach, 2008)

Discussion on SIID

Target selection

Text-entry

Increase size

Evaluation

Still in its infancy

Understanding HIID

Dropping and long press D

rop

pin

g Lo

ng

pre

ss

> ffffffffffffff (Brown, 1992)

Bounce and additional press A

dd

itio

nal

B

ou

nce

(Vanderheiden, 1993; Edwards, 1995; Poulson et al. 1996)

Trewin, 1999

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Long

Additional

Missing

Dropping

Bounce

Remote

Transposed

Mouse manipulation

Near misses

Not-so-near misses

Slips

Accidental clicks

Middle button press

(Riviere and Thakor, 1996; Hwang et al. 2004; Keates et al., 2005)

Touch screens

(Guerreiro et al., 2010)

Dealing with HIID

Edge-based interfaces

(Froehlich et al., 2007)

Barrier Pointing

EdgeWrite

(Wobbrock et al., 2003)

Pointing

(Trewin et al., 2006)

Steady Clicks SUPPLE

(Gajos et al., 2007)

Filters

Suggestion and configuration systems

Word correction and prediction systems

Alternative techniques

Text-Entry solutions

Filters

Windows

Sticky keys Slow keys Repeat keys Mouse keys

OverlapKeys

(Trewin, 2002)

Suggestion systems

(Trewin and Pain, 1997)

(Koester et al., 2007)

Word correction

True Keys

(Kane et al., 2008)

Alternative techniques

Spread Keys

(Merlin and Raynal, 2010)

EdgeWrite

(Wobbrock et al., 2003)

Discussion HIID

Greater focus on problems

Reuse “soft-solutions”

Opportunities

APPROACH

Similar approaches

Focus on disability

Rather than …

Ability

Touch screens

Preliminary studies

(Guerreiro et al., 2010)

Tapping

Crossing

Exiting

Gesturing

Size

7 mm 12 mm 17 mm

Screen areas

Tapping

Size

12 mm 22%

Near support

Ability-design

Workplan

Selection techniques for touch screens

Text-entry errors (HIID)

Text-entry errors (SIID)

How do users select targets?

Development

Similar problems?

Similar solutions? Evaluation

What solutions?

Tapping

Selection techniques for touch screens

Text-entry errors (HIID)

Text-entry errors (SIID)

How do users select targets?

Development

Similar problems?

What solutions?

Similar solutions? Evaluation

Similar problems?

Selection techniques for touch screens

Text-entry errors (HIID)

Text-entry errors (SIID)

How do users select targets?

Development

Similar problems?

Similar solutions? Evaluation

What solutions?

Text-entry

Capture abilities

HIID

SIID

Intra analysis

Inter analysis

Comparison

What solutions?

Selection techniques for touch screens

Text-entry errors (HIID)

Text-entry errors (SIID)

How do users select targets?

Development

Similar problems?

What solutions?

Similar solutions? Evaluation

Filters

Configuration and suggestion systems

Orthographic correctors

Alternative techniques

Three to five solutions

Development

Similar solutions?

Selection techniques for touch screens

Text-entry errors (HIID)

Text-entry errors (SIID)

How do users select targets?

Development

Similar problems?

What solutions?

Similar solutions? Evaluation

Hypothesis validation

Solutions designed for motor-impaired users

can be applied on mobile devices by assessing

the users’ capabilities within real mobile

contexts and thus enhancing their performance

“

”

Most adequate solutions

Erro

r ra

te (

%)

100

0 Physical Impaired Situational Impaired

Traditional Alternative

2 x

2 x

1. Analysis of selection techniques

2. Identify text-entry difficulties for motor impaired users

3. Performance analysis whilst mobile

4. Mobile prototypes for text-entry tasks

5. User study with accessibility solutions

6. Guidelines for technology transfer

Expected contributions

1. Similar selection techniques

2. Relationship between physical and situational impairments

3. Solutions can be transferred between user groups

Expected Results

Workplan

2010:

Full paper – ASSETS’10

Short paper – Mobile HCI’10

2011:

Doctoral consortium – ASSETS ‘11

Journal paper

2012: Full paper – ASSETS’12

Full paper – Mobile HCI’12

2013: Full paper – ASSETS’13

Full paper – CHI’13

Expected publications

THE END

Hugo Nicolau hman@vimmi.inesc-id.pt

Questions