development of speech sounds. i. development in infants a. introduction

•DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH SOUNDS

I. DEVELOPMENT IN INFANTS• A. Introduction

When we gather case histories…

II. INFANT SPEECH PRODUCTION

• Youtube

• Baby cooing• (by Lamialockheart)

• (the video actually shows • the phonation stage)

Owens, Farinella, & Metz 2015:

Owens, Metz, & Farinella, 2015: (continued)

•Infraphonological Stage 1—Phonation--birth to 2 months

Infraphonological Stage 2

Infraphonological Stage 3

Infraphonological stage 4

Youtube talking twin babies(reduplicated babbling)

• Universal stages of language acquisition -- Variegated babbling

• Laura McGarrity

III. INTEGRATIVE STAGE**• Onset of speech; may last till 18 mos.

old, include first true words

• Jargon: meaningful words combined with nonmeaningful babbled sounds

• Gibberish: Sequenced but nonmeaningful syllables produced with adult-like prosody

IV. TRANSITION PERIOD: PROTOWORDS

Adult speech

babbling

protowords

Protowords are

V. FIRST REAL WORDS: MEANINGFUL SPEECH**– 1. Stable—consistently produced

– 2. Used in a particular stimulus context

– 3. Must resemble the adult form

– 4. predictable consequence (e.g., adult reaction)

Youtube example of real words

• 15 month old baby girl answers Mama's questions

VI. SOUND SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT**

• A. Single Phonemes

–Age of development: 50% of children produce sound accurately

–Age of mastery: 75-90% of children produce sound accurately:

Mastery--I am very interested in this info for

test 1

B. Consonant Clusters• Information is contradictory

• Please know the bullet-pointed list of conclusions on p. 164

Consonant clusters

C. Vowels

VII. COMMON ERRORS• A. Liquids

• B. Nasals

C. Alveolar and Palatal Fricatives and Affricates

D. Glides

E. Labial and Dental Fricatives

•

F. Stops

G. Consonant Clusters**• Obstruents: stops, fricatives, affricates

(everything except glides, liquids, and nasals)

• ***usually clusters are reduced to the obstruent***

• Obstruent + /w/ clusters reduced to the obstruent

•tɪn/twɪn kæk/kwæk

• Obstruent + /l/ clusters reduced to the obstruent

•fiŋ/fliŋ gæd/glæd

In consonant clusters…

• Obstruent + /r/ clusters ↓ to obstruent**

• taɪ/traɪ kik/krik

• Clusters with /s/ + consonant ↓ to /w/, nasal, or stop component of the cluster

– wap/stap pɪt/spɪt nɪf/snɪf

• Three-member clusters (e.g., squirrel) usually ↓ to stop

–piŋ/spriŋ kɜ:ʳl/skwɜ:ʳl

VIII. INTELLIGIBILITY OF SPEECH

• By 5 years old, most typically-developing ch are nearly 100% understandable

Hilarious youtube video• 5 year old tries to have a

conversation with Siri

• Do you hear any speech sound errors?

• please memo for test; p. 175)

IX. NORMAL DEVELOPMENT: PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES**

• Researchers have boiled this down to processes disappearing and persisting after 3 years of age

–This helps us know what to treat in therapy and what not to worry about

A. Processes Disappearing by 3 yrs.

B. Processes Persisting After 3 yrs.

Processes persisting after 3 (cont.)