development of speech sounds. i. development in infants a. introduction
TRANSCRIPT
•DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH SOUNDS
I. DEVELOPMENT IN INFANTS• A. Introduction
When we gather case histories…
II. INFANT SPEECH PRODUCTION
• Youtube
• Baby cooing• (by Lamialockheart)
• (the video actually shows • the phonation stage)
Owens, Farinella, & Metz 2015:
Owens, Metz, & Farinella, 2015: (continued)
•Infraphonological Stage 1—Phonation--birth to 2 months
Infraphonological Stage 2
Infraphonological Stage 3
Infraphonological stage 4
Youtube talking twin babies(reduplicated babbling)
• Universal stages of language acquisition -- Variegated babbling
• Laura McGarrity
III. INTEGRATIVE STAGE**• Onset of speech; may last till 18 mos.
old, include first true words
• Jargon: meaningful words combined with nonmeaningful babbled sounds
• Gibberish: Sequenced but nonmeaningful syllables produced with adult-like prosody
IV. TRANSITION PERIOD: PROTOWORDS
Adult speech
babbling
protowords
Protowords are
V. FIRST REAL WORDS: MEANINGFUL SPEECH**– 1. Stable—consistently produced
– 2. Used in a particular stimulus context
– 3. Must resemble the adult form
– 4. predictable consequence (e.g., adult reaction)
Youtube example of real words
• 15 month old baby girl answers Mama's questions
VI. SOUND SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT**
• A. Single Phonemes
–Age of development: 50% of children produce sound accurately
–Age of mastery: 75-90% of children produce sound accurately:
Mastery--I am very interested in this info for
test 1
B. Consonant Clusters• Information is contradictory
• Please know the bullet-pointed list of conclusions on p. 164
Consonant clusters
C. Vowels
VII. COMMON ERRORS• A. Liquids
• B. Nasals
C. Alveolar and Palatal Fricatives and Affricates
D. Glides
E. Labial and Dental Fricatives
•
F. Stops
G. Consonant Clusters**• Obstruents: stops, fricatives, affricates
(everything except glides, liquids, and nasals)
• ***usually clusters are reduced to the obstruent***
• Obstruent + /w/ clusters reduced to the obstruent
•tɪn/twɪn kæk/kwæk
• Obstruent + /l/ clusters reduced to the obstruent
•fiŋ/fliŋ gæd/glæd
In consonant clusters…
• Obstruent + /r/ clusters ↓ to obstruent**
• taɪ/traɪ kik/krik
• Clusters with /s/ + consonant ↓ to /w/, nasal, or stop component of the cluster
– wap/stap pɪt/spɪt nɪf/snɪf
• Three-member clusters (e.g., squirrel) usually ↓ to stop
–piŋ/spriŋ kɜ:ʳl/skwɜ:ʳl
VIII. INTELLIGIBILITY OF SPEECH
• By 5 years old, most typically-developing ch are nearly 100% understandable
Hilarious youtube video• 5 year old tries to have a
conversation with Siri
• Do you hear any speech sound errors?
• please memo for test; p. 175)
IX. NORMAL DEVELOPMENT: PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES**
• Researchers have boiled this down to processes disappearing and persisting after 3 years of age
–This helps us know what to treat in therapy and what not to worry about
A. Processes Disappearing by 3 yrs.
B. Processes Persisting After 3 yrs.
Processes persisting after 3 (cont.)