department of toxic substances control - ncal...

Department of Toxic Substances Control

October 27, 2015 Regulatory Update

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Brian Lewis, PG, CEG, CHG Chief, Geological Services Unit, Berkeley Brownfields and Environmental Restoration Program 510-540-3950 Brian.Lewis@dtsc.ca.gov

Myrto Petreas, PhD, MPH Chief, Environmental Chemistry Branch Environmental Chemistry Laboratory (ECL) 510-540-3624 Myrto.Petreas@dtsc.ca.gov

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• New Director • Organizational/Personnel Updates • Guidance Updates

– Preliminary Endangerment Assessment – Monitoring Well Design and Construction – Human and Ecological Risk Office (HERO)

– Human Health Risk Assessments Notes 1-5 • Groundwater Inspections • Safer Consumer Products Program • Environmental Chemistry Laboratory (ECL)

– Emerging Issues

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Barbara Lee CalEPA Secretary Matt Rodriquez swore her into office on December 1, 2014, and she was confirmed by the California State Senate on 8/20/2015. • Barbara brings 27 years in environmental and

scientific experience, nearly 20 of which were in a regulatory capacity leading the Northern Sonoma County Air Pollution Control District.

• She has experience organizing and implementing strategy and rule development, and collaborating and leading multi-agency efforts.

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Vacant Chief Deputy Director

Vacant

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Preliminary Endangerment Assessment (PEA)

https://www.dtsc.ca.gov/PublicationsForms/upload/PEA_Guidance_Manual.pdf

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• Interim Final update issued in October 2013. • DTSC accepted comments for one year (ending October

2014). • Comments addressed • Minor changes to equations to reflect U.S. EPA’s updated

default exposure models. • Final guidance October 2015

10 https://www.dtsc.ca.gov/PublicationsForms/upload/Well_Design_Constr_for_Monitoring_GWContam_Sites1.pdf

Final: June 2014

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DTSC ACKNOWLEDGES AND THANKS (External Reviewers)

• David W. Abbott, Consultant • Katherine Baylor, USEPA • Thomas J. Berkins, Alameda County Water District • John Cherry, University of Guelph • Murray Einarson, Haley & Aldrich • Sonne Fleming, PC Exploration • Gary Foote, Terra Pacific Group • John McHugh, GRA Technical Committee • William McIlvride, Weiss Associates • Roger Papler, SF RWQCB • Eric Senter, DWR • Murray Wunderly, Terra Pacific Group

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New: 2.0 Planning • Triad, CSM, DQOs • Characterization vs. Monitoring • Sealing Confining Layers • Multi-Level Systems (MLSs) • Horizontal Wells • Direct Push Wells

Updated: 3.0 Monitoring Well Design and Construction • Nebraska Grout Study • Pre-Packed Screens

Few changes: 4.0 Well Casing and Screen Materials • Caution Re: Use of newer materials/innovative

designs

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• Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) Notes 1 through 5

– Provides recommendations and guidance on specific health risk assessment issues.

• Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) Notes 1 through 6 – Clarifies specific issues not addressed in DTSC’s Guidance for Ecological Risk

Assessment released in 1996.

Focusing tonight on HHRA Notes

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HHRA Note 1 Recommended DTSC default exposure factors for use in risk assessments at California hazardous waste sites and permitted facilities • Most recent Issue date: September 30, 2014 (consistent with USEPA OSWER Guidance)

HHRA Note 2 Interim guidance for addressing dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. • Most recent issue date: May 2009

HHRA Note 3 Guidance for using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Regional Screening Levels (RSLs) in the human health risk assessment process at California hazardous substances release sites and permitted facilities • US EPA RSLs for about 750 chemicals are updated twice a year • Presents DTSC-modified screening levels for some chemicals (using State of CA toxicity values) • Most referenced HHRA Note. Lookup tables included • Most recent issue date: October 12, 2015

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HHRA Note 4 • Current recommended methodology for conducting screening-level human health risk

assessments • Methodology presented in the PEA guidance manual is consistent with Note 4 • Most recent issue date: October 6, 2015 HHRA Note 5 • Human health-based indoor air screening criteria for trichloroethylene (TCE) re: Short-term

Action Levels of USEPA Region 9’s July 8 2014 memorandum • Discussion of the relationship between groundwater TCE concentrations and the

recommended extent of indoor air sampling • Short-term action levels for indoor air TCE concentrations for residential and

commercial/industrial buildings • Most recent issue date: August 23, 2014

https://www.dtsc.ca.gov/assessingrisk/humanrisk2.cfm

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• Focused Groundwater inspection – Observe sampling

• 55 sites • Findings Sept 2013 to October 2014:

– 14 audits 10 well maintenance issues 7 Sampling and Analysis Plans issues

Implementation Update

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• Safer consumer products. • Greater market opportunities for

innovative companies • Healthier us!

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23 Authoritative Lists referenced • Quarterly Updates

Exclusions • Pesticides • Prescription drugs • Metabolite/breakdown

products • Radioactive chemicals • Natural toxins

>1,100 Chemicals http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/SCP/ChemList.cfm

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1. Chemicals

2. Products (Product-Chemical Combinations)

Candidate Chemicals List

Priority Products

Alternatives Selection

4. Regulatory Response

3. Alternatives Analysis

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Children’s Foam-padded Sleeping Products with TDCPP and TCEP

Spray Polyurethane Foam systems with Methylene DiphenyI Diisocyanate

Paint Strippers containing Methylene Chloride

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• Dermal, ingestion, inhalation exposure pathways • Biomonitoring data • Chemicals found in indoor air monitoring • Sensitive subpopulations – children, workers • Aquatic resource impacts • Water quality monitoring evidence

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7 Product Categories

• Beauty, Personal Care and Hygiene Products • Building Products - Paints, Adhesives, Sealants, Flooring • Household/Office Furniture/Furnishings • Cleaning Products • Clothing • Fishing and Angling Equipment • Office Machinery Consumable Products

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• Once the Rules for the 3 Products are final, manufacturers will: • Notify DTSC they make a product. • Evaluate alternatives

• DTSC just released DRAFT Stage 1 Alternatives Analysis Guide

• Seek your feedback now until November 16, 2015.

Myrto Petreas, Ph.D., MPH

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Provide DTSC, Cal/EPA and other agencies with scientific leadership and laboratory capacity in environmental analytical chemistry.

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Environmental Analytical Chemistry • Consultation • Sample analysis • Method development • QA/QC reviews • Applied research in support of new initiatives

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• Metals • Volatiles and semi-volatiles • Diesel, motor oil, gasoline • Pesticides, PCBs, Dioxins • Chemicals of emerging concern

₋ Flame retardants ₋ Fluorinated chemicals

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• The study of the sources, pathways, transport, effects and fate of chemicals in the air, water, soil, wildlife and humans.

• Interdisciplinary • Multimedia

• 30+ years of expertise

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• Vision • Serendipity • Synergy • Quality

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In the late 1970s, the Hazardous Materials Laboratory (HML) was formed to support enforcement of regulations and clean up hazardous waste sites.

Dr. Stephens, Lab Chief

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Dr. Stephens adds capabilities to study dioxins.

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1987 explosion and fire at Koppers Wood Treatment Plant (Oroville)

• Extensive sampling of soil and vegetation • Sampling expanded to grazing animals and residents

Pentachlorophenol Dioxins

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Staff trained at CDC were able to analyze Dioxins in soil, chicken eggs and tissues.

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• First grant (USEPA) to study Dioxin uptake in grazing animals.

• Chicken feeding study (bioaccumulation and depuration in eggs, liver, muscle).

• Publications were used extensively during Belgian egg crisis (late 1990s).

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• Transformer explosion (Dept. of Education building in Sacramento)

• Metal recovery site cleanups (Mobile Smelting) • Superfund sites (McCormick-Baxter)

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• Grazing cows integrate contaminants over entire field

• Fewer samples

• Faster decision making

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Human Biomonitoring

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• Flame retardants • Added to products

• Dubious efficacy

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0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

ng/g

lipi

d

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• Legislative restrictions on PBDE use (2003)

• Changing flammability standards (2014)

• PBDE levels are dropping

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0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

BDE-47 BDE-99 BDE-100 BDE-153 BDE-154 BDE-207 BDE-209

ng/g

lipi

d w

eigh

t 2008-2010

2011-2013

p = 0.016

p = 0.025

p = 0.061

p = 0.034 p = 0.013

p = 0.049

(N=21)

(N=22)

Guo et al. submitted

Bay area cats >10 years old HT & non-HT

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0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2008-09 2011-12 2013-14

Aver

age

Ʃ5PB

DEs (

ng/g

lipi

d)

SF General Hospital 1st time mom 2nd trimester early-mid 20s

39% (Zota et al 2013)

?

Ʃ5PBDEs = BDE -28, 47, 99, 100, 153

(N=25) (N=36) (N=50)

(Parry et al. in prep)

BDE-209 in Dust from occupational settings 47

1 4

6

17 20

0

10

20

30

40

50

CAFH,n=27

Japan,Offices,

n=14

MA,Offices,

n=31

UK,Offices,

n=18

Planes,n=20

Thailand,E-waste,

n=25

Med

ian

BDE-

209

Conc

entr

atio

n, µ

g/g

California Firehouses (CAFH) Offices Airplanes E-waste Facility

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49

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

TBB TBPH BTBPE DBDPE

GM

(ng/

g)

CA Fire Houses 2010 (n=27)

CA Residences 2010 (n=59)

Boston Residences 2006 (n=19)*

* H Stapleton et al, Environ. Sci. Tech. 42, 2008, 6910-6918

Major BFRs in Firehouse and House Dust (Brown et al. 2014)

Firemaster 550®

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• From packaging, water/stain resistant items, firefighting foams,…

• Contaminant at fire-fighting training areas, burn pits,…

• Adapted method (originally developed for blood) to support groundwater cleanups

Firefighting Foams at Air Force Bases

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USEPA’s Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR) reports PFCs in drinking water supply California Teachers Study: Blood PFCs in ~2000 women across California Those living in zip codes served by Water Districts with high PFCs had higher PFC blood levels than the rest (p<0.004)

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• Contribute to Chemicals selection • Coordinate with the California Biomonitoring Program • Exposure assessment techniques

• Blood, urine, hand wipes, house dust, furnishings

• Intervention study

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Measuring contaminants: • Groundwater • Soil • Sediments • House dust • Wildlife • Human specimens

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myrto.petreas@dtsc.ca.gov Brian.Lewis@dtsc.ca.gov