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DEEP EXCAVATIONEXPERTS IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

AND INNOVATIVE SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS

Deep Excavation LLC240 W 35th Street, Suite 1004

New York, NY, 10001

Websites:

www.deepex.com

Contact Information:

Tel: 1-206-279-3300

Presentation: Dimitrios Mamoglou, Civil Engineer A.U.Th.

mamoglou@deepexcavation.com – T: +1-917-472-9728

Seminar: Design of Deep Excavations – Methods and Software Application

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• Software solutions for excavation and foundation professionals

• Consultants – Design of deep excavations and pile foundations

• Design of Virtual Reality applications for geotechnical engineers

and contractors

DeepEX HoloDeepEX DeepFND HelixPile SnailPlus SiteMaster

Deep Excavation Definition

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Deep excavation: typically deeper than 3.5m that requires structural support.

Seminar examines the design (seismic and non-seismic) of deep excavationssupported by tiebacks and struts.

Deep Excavation Design Challenges

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A deep excavation system has to retain earth, water, and neighboring structures

Unknown factors and risks

Soil properties estimation

Protect adjacent properties

Design issues and Code issues

Economy

Constructability

DeepEX Capabilities and Advantages

Graphical interactive interface – Voice commands

Design and analysis of any deep excavation model

Structural and geotechnical design

Design standards (Eurocodes, US standards, Australian, Chinese etc.)

Model optimization

Fast design – model wizard

Exports reports and sketches

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Projects designed with DeepEX

Major braced excavations for LA

Subways, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Cofferdams for New Tapan Zee

Bridge, New York, NY, USA

Circular wet soil mix shaft,

Tampa, FL, USA

Soldier pile walls with struts,

Arkansas, USA

Soldier pile walls with tiebacks,

Seattle, WA, USAJeffery road grade separation,

Irvine, CA, USA

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LaBrea Metro Station, Los Angeles, California, USA

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100 ft (30.5 m) Excavation

Soldier Piles and Lagging

Lateral Bracing (Struts)

Full Design with DeepEX

5 Stations designed and under

construction

New Tapan Zee Bridge Cofferdams, New York, USA

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$3.9 billion project

90x45ft (27.5x13.7m)

Cofferdams

Lateral Bracing (Struts)

Soldier Pile Excavation Pits with Diagonal Struts, Arkansas, USA

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24 ft (7.3m) Excavation

Pipe Struts

Soldier Pile Excavation Pits with Diagonal Struts, Arkansas, USA

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90 ft (27.5m) Excavation

Pipe Struts

9 rows of Tiebacks

Analysis Methods in DeepEX

Limit Equilibrium Analysis

Non-Linear Analysis

Finite Element Analysis

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Conventional Analysis Methods

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Assume lateral earth pressures.

Determine fixity locations for forces at subgrade.

Analyze wall beam with assumed loads.

Advantages: Easy method to verify. Gives a back check for more rigorous methods.

Disadvantages: Soil-structure interaction ignored.

Non-Linear Analysis Concept

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Soil Elasticity Models

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Linear elastic perfectly plastic

Exponential

Subgrade modulus

Small strain hardening

Reloading stiffness linear 3 to 5 x loading E

Elastoplastic

Exponential

Support Types in DeepEX

Tiebacks Rakers Fixed Supports Springs Walers

Tierods Struts Slabs

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Determine Wall Net Loading Diagram

Soil Pressures

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Surcharge Water

Pressures

Seismic

Pressures

Net Pressures

Soil Pressures in LEM Analysis in DeepEX

Active Pressures At-rest Pressures Peck Apparent Pressures

FHWA Apparent Pressures Custom Trapezoidal Pressures Two Step Rectangular Pressures

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External Loads in DeepEX

Loads on ground surface:

Strip surcharges Linear loads 3D loads (buildings, footings,

3D surface loads

Loads on the wall:

Strip surcharges Linear loads External moments Prescribed displacements

Load modeling options:

Elasticity equations Two-way distribution angle One-way distribution angle One-way distribution angle from soil friction Elasticity to vertical stress x Ka (or Ko) CIRIA Special Pub 95 - 1993

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Water Pressures in DeepEX

Simplified Flow Hydrostatic Pressures Full 2D Flownet

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Seismic Pressures in DeepEX

Define Seismic Accelerations Ax and Az

Select Seismic Pressures Calculation Method

Select a Seismic Design Standard

Semirigid

Mononobe-Okabe (frictional soils)

Wood Automatic

Wood Manual

Procedure in DeepEX

Seismic Pressure Methods

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Seismic Pressures in DeepEX

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Non-seismic Conditions

Max. Wall Moment=150.6 kNm/m

Max. Support Reaction=267.2 kN/m

Seismic Conditions (Ax=0.12g)

Max. Wall Moment=190.7 kNm/m

Max. Support Reaction=360.05 kN/m

Seismic Pressures might be critical for the wall/support design

Staged Construction

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Deep excavations always require stagedconstruction.

Even wall construction can affect performance.

Start from at-rest conditions (or before)

Advantages of staged construction design:

Design for the most critical stage (not alwaysthe last one)

Locate the critical stage – easier optimization(consider optimizing the support locations instead of structural sections)

Realistic wall displacements (when a non-linearanalysis method is used)

Staged 0: At-rest Staged 1: Excavation

Staged 2: Support

Installation

Staged 3: Further

Excavation

Example 1: 5m excavation with a tieback

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Sand, φ=30 deg, γ=19.5 kN/m3

Sand, φ=32 deg, γ=21 kN/m3

Example 2: 12m excavation with struts

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Holographic Representation of

Deep Excavations

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Visualize a deep excavation in real

Visualize challenging ground

conditions

Walk in the excavation before it is

Works with: Mixed reality glasses

Virtual reality headsets

Regular PC’s

Model: Braced Excavation and 3D Model

with DeepEX

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Model: Soldier Pile Walls with Tiebacks

with DeepEX

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Model: Diaphragm wall with tiebacks and

3D Model with DeepEX

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Model: Deadman Sheet Pile Wall with DeepEX

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Slope Stability and Soil Nailing in DeepEX

Bishop Method Morgenstern Price Method (G.L.E.) Spencer Method Ordinary (Swedish) Method Automatic Slope Search Method

Single Point Slope Center Rectangular Slope Center Define Radius Search Limits Soil Nails Clouterre Standards for Soil Nails

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Thank you!

Information:

www.deepex.com

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