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Organic orchards: needs and prioritiesDavid Granatstein, Nadine Lehrer WSU Aaron Avila, GS Long Co.
GS Long Organic Grower Meeting, Jan. 6, 2011, Yakima, WA
How long have you been in organic orcharding?
Now in
tran
sit...
1-2 y
ears
3-5 y
ears
6-10
years
More
than 10
y...
I don’t w
ork w...
7%
11%
7%
26%23%
26%
1. Now in transition2. 1-2 years3. 3-5 years4. 6-10 years5. More than 10
years6. I don’t work with
organic orchards
What is your primary role in organic orcharding?
Owner
opera
tor M
anag
er
Consu
ltant (A
g chem
...
Res
earch
/exten
sion/.
..
Fruit s
ales/i
ndustry
... Other
39%
21%
6%3%3%
28%
1. Owner operator2. Manager3. Consultant (Ag chem,
warehouse, private)4. Research/extension/
government5. Fruit sales/industry
support6. Other
How many acres of organic orchard do you work with?
<5 acre
s 5-
10 ac
res 11
-50 ac
res
51-10
0 acr
es 10
1-500
acres
>500 a
cres
6%
16%15%
21%
15%
28%
1. <5 acres2. 5-10 acres3. 11-50 acres4. 51-100 acres5. 101-500 acres6. >500 acres
Where is most of your organic orcharding?
Upper
Yakim
a V...
Lower Yak
ima V
... Lower
Colu
mbia...
North
of I-9
0
55%
6%
26%
13%
1. Upper Yakima Valley
2. Lower Yakima Valley (below Sunnyside)
3. Lower Columbia Basin
4. North of I-90
What do you feel is the most limiting factor in organic production?
Inse
ct pes
t mg...
Dise
ase c
ontro...
Wee
d contro
l C
rop Loa
d mgt.
Soil Fert
ility
Varietal
mix
Post Harv
est D...
Roden
ts
36%
16%17%
4%
0%1%
14%11%
1. Insect pest mgt.2. Disease control3. Weed control4. Crop Load mgt.5. Soil Fertility6. Varietal mix7. Post Harvest
Disease Control8. Rodents
What is are the 3 most serious problemsyou face in organic tree fruit production?
(rank from most to least)
New
varie
ties .
..
Inse
ct manag
em...
Dise
ase c
ontro...
Tree nutri
tion
Wee
d contro
l
Cro
p load
man
a...
Fruit q
uality
Economics
Post harve
st i...
3%
28%
14% 14%
2%
12%
3%
7%
17%
1. New varieties / rootstock2. Insect management3. Disease control4. Tree nutrition5. Weed control6. Crop load management7. Fruit quality8. Economics9. Post harvest issues
Which is the least of a problem for organic production ?
1. N
ew va
rieti..
.
2. In
sect
mana..
.
3. D
iseas
e con...
4. Tree
nutrit...
5. W
eed contro
...
6. C
rop l
oad m
...
7. Fru
it quali
... 8.
Economics
9. Post
harves..
.
35%
3%4% 4%
15%
4%
12%
16%
6%
1. New varieties / rootstock2. Insect management3. Disease control4. Tree nutrition5. Weed control6. Crop load management7. Fruit quality8. Economics9. Post harvest issues
How would you compare the cost ofproduction for organic tree fruit to similar conventional production?
1. 20
% or m
ore...
2. 10
% lower
i... 3.
Simila
r 4.
10% hi
gher ..
. 5.
20% or
more.
..
3% 1%
61%
28%
7%
1. 20% or more lower in organic
2. 10% lower in organic3. Similar4. 10% higher in organic5. 20% or more higher in
organic
Do the returns from organic production offset the added costs of growing fruit organically?
1. N
ever
2. Some o
f the t
ime
3. M
ost o
f the t
ime
4. A
lway
s
3% 5%
38%
54%
1. Never2. Some of the time3. Most of the time4. Always
At what point would you consider switching back to conventional production – minimum difference between Organic and Conventional bin returns of:
10% le
ss fo
r O...
No diffe
rence
10% m
ore fo
r O...
20% m
ore 30
% more
Nev
er
7%
22%
15%
6%
21%
28%
1. 10% less for Org.2. No difference3. 10% more for Org.4. 20% more5. 30% more6. Never
If organic premiums did not cover the increased costs, how long would you be willing to stay with organic production, given the 3 year transition to re-enter?
Not
at al
l 1
more s
easo
n 2
more s
easo
ns 3
more s
easo
ns In
defin
itely
9%
19%
27%
14%
31%1. Not at all2. 1 more season3. 2 more seasons4. 3 more seasons5. Indefinitely
How would the loss of antibiotics for fireblight control impact your operation?
1. Littl
e or n
... 2.
Red
uce ac
re...
3. R
educe
acre.
.. 4.
Exit org
ani...
31%26%
19%24%
1. Little or no effect2. Reduce acres of
organic pears3. Reduce acres of
susceptible apple varieties
4. Exit organic apple and/or pear production
Did codling moth cause unacceptable damage in organic apple orchards that you own, manage, or consult on in 2010?
Yes No
62%
38%1. Yes2. No
Did you use the WSU Decision Aid System (DAS) in 2010 to help time IPM activities (sampling, spraying, etc.) in your organic orchards?
I use
it mys
el...
I don’t u
se it.
.. N
ot use
d for m
...
25%
44%
31%1. I use it myself 2. I don’t use it
myself, but my consultant does
3. Not used for my organic orchards
How has organic production impacted your fruit yields (e.g. bins/acre)?
1. N
o chan
ge 2.
~10 de
creas
...
3. ~20
% decre
a...
4. >20
% decre
a...
5. 10
% incre
as...
6. D
on’t know
27%
22%
15%
8%10%
17%
1. No change2. ~10 decrease3. ~20% decrease4. >20% decrease5. 10% increase or
more6. Don’t know
If you have experienced reduced yields, what are the main causes (rank in order
of most important first)?
1. A
ltern
ate b...
2. Small
er fru
... 3.
Inse
ct dam
a...
4. D
iseas
e dam
...
29%
18%22%
32%1. Alternate bearing2. Smaller fruit size3. Insect damage4. Disease damage
(e.g. fireblight, mildew)
How has organic production impacted your fruit packout?
1. N
o chan
ge 2.
~10% dec
rea..
. 3.
~20% dec
rea..
. 4.
>20% dec
rea..
. 5.
10% in
creas
...
45%
30%
9%4%
11%
1. No change2. ~10% decrease3. ~20% decrease4. >20% decrease5. 10% increase or
more
If you have experienced reduced packout, what are the main causes (rank
in order of most important first)?
1. D
iseas
e, in...
2. Small
er fru
...
3. In
sect
dama..
.
4. Phys
iologic...
5. Poor
color
6. D
on’t kn
ow
10%
27%
8%
12%
23%20%
1. Disease, including storage rot
2. Smaller fruit size3. Insect damage4. Physiological
disorders (e.g. bitterpit)
5. Poor color6. Don’t know
What are your main forms of N for soil application? (Choose up to 3, in order)
Feather
Meal
Fish
Composte
d chic
...
Composte
d stee
... B
lood Mea
l O
ther
11%13%
15%
7%
19%
34%1. Feather Meal2. Fish3. Composted
chicken / DPW4. Composted steer5. Blood Meal 6. Other
What is your level of satisfaction with your current options for weed control in organic orchards?
1. Very
low
2. Low
3. M
odera
te
4. H
igh 5.
Very high
40%
23%
7%5%
25%
1. Very low2. Low3. Moderate4. High5. Very high
What is your primary weed control in the tree row? (choose top 2, in order)
Nothing
Wonder
Weeder
Wee
d Badge
r
Han
d Rem
oval
Flaming
Wee
d fabr
ic O
ther mulc
h M
owing
Appro
ved herb
i...
7%
27%
9%
20%
4%
15%
4%
6%
8%
1. Nothing2. Wonder Weeder3. Weed Badger4. Hand Removal5. Flaming6. Weed fabric7. Other mulch8. Mowing9. Approved herbicide
If so, do you experience increased vole or gopher problems due to
mulching?
Yes No
48%
52%1. Yes2. No
How would you rate the severity of your vole and gopher problem in your
orchard?
No Pro
blem A
nnoying
Mode
rate p
robl.
..
Severe
Extrem
e
7%
16%
5%
21%
50%
1. No Problem2. Annoying3. Moderate problem4. Severe5. Extreme
Rate your ability to adequately control mice (voles) in your organic
orchard.
Ver
y low Low
Mod
erat
e
High
Ver
y high
35%33%
6%4%
23%
1. Very low2. Low3. Moderate4. High5. Very high
How do you see your organic fruit production changing over the next five
years?
1. E
xpan
d acr.
..
2. D
ecrea
se ac
... 3.
Stay ab
out ...
4. Exit
organ
i... 5.
Exit al
l fr...
6. D
on’t kn
ow
20%
9% 9%4%
7%
52%1. Expand acres under
organic management2. Decrease acres of
organic management3. Stay about the same4. Exit organic
production5. Exit all fruit production6. Don’t know
If decreasing organic production, choose (in order) the top 3 reasons why.
Low prices
Too much
risk
Can
’t contro
l ...
Dro
p in yi
elds
Reg
ulations,
p... N
ot pro
fitable
Other
producti
... H
i cos
ts O
ther
16%
10%
16%
7%
5%
15%
4%
14%14%
1. Low prices2. Too much risk3. Can’t control pests4. Drop in yields5. Regulations,
paperwork6. Not profitable7. Other production
problems8. Hi costs9. Other
Choose your 3 highest priorities for organic tree fruit research. (with highest priority first)
1. C
rop l
oad m
...
2. Post
harves..
.
3. D
iseas
e con...
4. Eco
nomics
5. W
eed contro
...
6. N
ew va
rieti..
.
7. O
rganic
sys...
8. Tree
nutrit...
9. In
sect
mana..
.
10. F
ruit q
ual...
10%
3%
17%
13%
2%
21%
17%
2%1%
15%
1. Crop load management2. Post harvest issues3. Disease control4. Economics5. Weed control6. New varieties / rootstock7. Organic systems study8. Tree nutrition9. Insect management10. Fruit quality
Rank these organic-specific research needs for priority of funding (top 3, in
order):
Nitr
ogen fe
rti...
Voles / g
opher...
Spotted w
ing d...
Post ha
rvest
d... W
eeds
Fire blig
ht
22%
15%
19%21%
8%
16%
1. Nitrogen fertility2. Voles / gopher
control3. Spotted wing
drosophila4. Post harvest
diseases5. Weeds6. Fire blight
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